All about

Diabetes
WITH
introduction The number of people with diabetes has
risen from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million
in 2014. Diabetes is a growing challenge in
India with an estimated 8.7% diabetic
population in the age group of 20 and 70
years. The rising prevalence of diabetes and
other noncommunicable diseases is driven
by a combination of factors - rapid
urbanization, sedentary lifestyles, unhealthy
diets and addiction to tobacco.
2 major forms
of diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is characterized
by a lack of insulin production
and type 2 diabetes results from
the body's ineffective use of
insulin. While type 2 diabetes is
potentially preventable, the
causes and risk factors for type 1
diabetes remain unknown, and
prevention strategies have not yet
been successful.
Type 1 diabetes
This type of diabetes is
characterized by the low
production of insulin in the body
and post-detection, it can be
maintained by regular injection of
insulin to the body. The risk
factors for Type 1 Diabetes include
family history, age and genetics.
Symptoms include frequent
urination, thirst and sudden weight
loss.
Type 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes (formerly called
non-insulin-dependent, or adult-onset)
results from the body’s ineffective use
of insulin. Type 2 diabetes comprises
the majority of people with diabetes
around the world, and is largely the
result of excess body weight and
physical inactivity. The risk of Type 2
diabetes can be lowered by the
following

• Maintain a healthy weight.

• Work out frequently - moderate to
intense
• Eat a balanced diet, and reduce your
intake of sugary or overly processed
foods.
WHO recommendations
on physical activity
for different age groups
• 5–17 years: 60 minutes of moderate- to
vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
• 18–64: At least 150 minutes of
moderate-intensity aerobic physical
activity (for example brisk walking,
jogging, gardening) spread throughout
the week, or at least 75 minutes of
vigorous-intensity aerobic physical
activity throughout the week.
The role of proteins
To reduce blood sugar one must
reduce the consumption of
carbohydrates and introduce more
protein and fat into the diet. A
high-protein diet lowers blood glucose
postprandially (during or after a meal)
in persons with type 2 diabetes and
improves overall glucose control.
However, longer-term studies are
necessary to determine the total
magnitude of response, possible
adverse effects, and the long-term
acceptability of the diet. Meats and
fats do not have a glycaemic index as
they do not contain carbohydrates.
Learning about Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are powerful
pyscho-active, somatotoxic
endorphin releasing drug, not a
hunger satisfying food.
Carbohydrates are not controlled by
the genetic hunger satiety feedback
system. Carbohydrate consumption
becomes a response to endorphin
requirement to manage emotional
need rather than a hunger thirst
response to satisfy nutritional need.
Glycaemic Index of Foods
• Glucose 96%
• Nutrigrain Bar 92%
• Muesli 92%
• Popcorn 87%
• White Rice 91%
• Brown Rice 88%
• Corn Flakes 90%
• Special K 87%
• Wheat Bread 87%
• Whole Wheat 87%
• Oat Bran 87%
• Sugar 87%
Sugar content of fruits per cup serving size

Black Berry 7gm Strawberry 7gm Pineapple 16gm

Orange 17gm Banana 18gm Grapes 23gm

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