Dcb¨vm লালসালু

ˆmq` IqvjxDj­vn&

ÔjvjmvjyÕ Dcb¨vmwU hw`I wek kZ‡Ki cÖ_gv‡a© iPbv, Zey mvgwMÖK we‡ePbvq GB Dcb¨vmwU me Kv‡jB mgvbfv‡e cÖvmw½K|
Zvi cÖavb KviY GB †h, G Dcb¨v‡m Kvj Lye GKUv ¯úó †iLvq Aw¼Z nqwb, hZUv ¯úó K‡i Aw¼Z n‡q‡Q mgvR I Rxe‡bi
i~cvqY| ˆmq` IqvjxDj­vn& Zuvi ÔjvjmvjyÕ Dcb¨v‡m MÖvgxY evsjvi mgvR I Rxe‡bi †h-wPÎ Avgv‡`i mvg‡b D‡b¥vPb K‡i‡Qb,
Zv Avgv‡`i A‡bK †Pbv; ejv hvq, Avengvb Kvj a‡i †Pbv, Ges GB †Pbv Kzms¯‹viv”Qbœ evsjvi mgvR I Rxeb †h MZ cuvP k
eQ‡i Lye GKUv e`‡j‡Q Ggb bq−MÖvgxY cUf~wg‡Z †Zv bqB| ZvB, G K_v Avgiv wØavnxbfv‡eB ej‡Z cvwi, ÔjvjmvjyÕ Dcb¨v‡m
Qvqvcv‡Z Avengvb Kv‡ji MÖvgxY evsjvi RbRxeb I mgv‡Ri i~cvq‡Y ˆmq` IqvjxDj­vn& h‡_ó mv_©KZvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb|
ˆmq` IqvjxDj­vn& Ggb GKwU mgv‡Ri wPÎ A¼b K‡i‡Qb, †hwU ¯§iYvZxZ Kvj †_‡K Kzms¯‹v‡ii RUvRv‡j Av”Qbœ| jvjmvjy
Kvco w`‡q gvRvi †X‡K †i‡L †hgb ag©e¨emvqxiv hy‡Mi ci hyM ag©cÖvY Awkw¶Z gvbyl‡`i †auvKv w`‡q Avm‡Q Ges Kzms¯‹v‡ii
fvix Pv`‡i †gvov‡bv MÖvgxY evsjv‡`‡ki mgv‡Ri ci‡Z ci‡Z AÜZ¡ I cÖ_ve×Zv Kx iKg Aïf Qvqv we¯—vi K‡iwQj, †mUvB
g~jZ IqvjxDj­vn& Zuvi G gnvb Dcb¨v‡mi ga¨ w`‡q †`Lv‡bvi †Póv K‡i‡Qb|
†jL‡Ki g~j Aej¤^b n‡”Q †K›`ªxq PwiÎ gwR`| ag©e¨emv‡qi †m-B †nvZv| Zv‡K AvcvZfv‡e mnvq m¤^jnxb wn‡m‡e A¼b
Ki‡jI †m AZ¨š— ayiÜi, kV I wbcxoK| G Dcb¨v‡mi mgvRwPÎ A¼‡b †jLK gwR` Pwi‡Îi g‡bvRvMwZK Abyfe I Zvi
wPš—vivwk‡KB g~j mnvq wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| Ab¨fv‡e Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi, gwR`B G Dcb¨v‡m †jL‡Ki cÖwZwbwa
PwiÎ−cÖwZwbwa GB A‡_©, †jLK gwR‡`i †Pv‡LB gneŸZbMi I AvIqvjcy‡ii MÖv‡gi RbRxeb‡K cÖZ¨¶ K‡i‡Qb, Abyfe K‡i‡Qb
†m Kv‡ji gvby‡li ü`¯ú›`b Avcb ü`‡q| gwR` wbtm‡›`‡n GKwU †bwZevPK PwiÎ; Zey †m ÔjvjmvjyÕ Dcb¨v‡m ˆmq` IqvjxDj­vn&i
mgvR I Rxe‡bi AwfÁZvi dmj−AccyÎ n‡jI gwR` IqvjxDj­vn&i gvbm mš—vb|
ÔjvjmvjyÕ ˆmq` IqvjxDj­vn&i cÖ_g Dcb¨vm| Avgiv Rvwb, wZwb AvRb¥ kn‡i †_‡K‡Qb, AwfRvZ wkw¶Z cwiev‡ii mš—vb| bvMwiK
i“wP I gb‡bi AwaKvix n‡jI wZwb kni‡Kw›`ªK †Kv‡bv Dcb¨vm †j‡Lbwb| gvÎ wZbwU Dcb¨vm wZwb iPbv K‡i‡Qb| wZbwUi
cUf~wgB MÖv‡g ms¯’vwcZ| Gi KviY wn‡m‡e mgv‡jvPKMY Rvwb‡q‡Qb, MÖvgxY mgvR I ms¯‹…wZi gg©g~‡j hyM hyM a‡i †h Kzsms¯‹vi
†MÖvw_Z Av‡Q, ˆmq` IqvjxDj­vn& g~jZ †mB Kzms¯‹v‡ii wkKo Dc‡o †djvi `ytmvnm †`wL‡q‡Qb| kIKZ Avjx e‡j‡Qb:
ÒZuvi Dcb¨v‡mi cUf~wg cÖZ¨š— MÖvgvÂj Ges Zvi mgvR-PwiÎ, GKw`‡K Kzms¯‹viv”Qbœ ag©fxi“ †kvwlZ `wi`ª MÖvgevmx; Ab¨w`‡K
kV, cÖZviK ag©e¨emvqx Ges †kvlK f~¯^vgx| Zuvi Dcb¨v‡mi welq hyM hyM e¨vcx wkKo-Mvov Kzms¯‹vi, AÜwek¦vm I fxwZi
m‡½ my¯’ RxebvKv•¶vi Ø›Ø|Ó

লেকচার শীট লালসালু

 Dcb¨vm লালসালু
ÔjvjmvjyÕ†Z Avgiv MÖvgxY evsjv‡`k‡K g~Z© n‡q DV‡Z †`wL| bvMwiK we`» †jLK ˆmq` IqvjxDj­vn& GK gyn~‡Z© Avgv‡`i wfbœ
GK RM‡Z wb‡q hvb, †h RMr Zuvi ev¯—e cwiwPZ wQj wKbv Rvwb bv, wKš—y Avgv‡`i AcwiwPZ bq| Ggb GK MÖvg gneŸZbMi|
mevB †mLv‡b me Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ ˆ`e kw³i jxjv †`L‡Z cvq| G ˆ`e kw³ Avevi Ggb ˆ`e kw³ hv wKbv Avevi gvRv‡ii †fZ‡i
†_‡K wbqš¿Y K‡ib GKRb †gv`v‡”Qi cxi| cxi gvnvZ¥¨ eY©bv K‡i †kl Kievi g‡Zv bq| cx‡ii gvRv‡ii whwb Lv‡`g, wZwbI
Kg hvb bv| Zv‡KI †Kej `Êgy‡Êi KZ©vB †Kej fvev nqwb, cÖvYmsnviK GgbwK cÖvY`vZvI Kíbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| iwngvi gva¨‡g
nvmywbi gv hLb AvwR© †ck K‡i, ÒIbv‡i KB‡eb, Avgvi †hb gIZ nqÓ A_ev L¨vsUv eyox gvRv‡i G‡m Zvi me©¯^ Avbv cuv‡PK
cqmv gwR‡`i w`‡K Quy‡o w`‡q AvZ©bv` K‡i e‡j, Òme w`jvg Avwg, me w`jvg| †cvjvUvi GBevi Rvb wdivBqv †`b|Ó ZLb
Avgv‡`i eyS‡Z †Kv‡bv KóB nq bv †h gneŸZbMi MÖv‡gi gvbyl GZUvB Kzms¯‹viv”Qbœ †h, Zviv g‡b K‡i gwR` PvB‡j †h KviI
g„Zz¨i e¨e¯’v K‡i w`‡Z cv‡i, A_ev PvB‡jB g„Z gvbyl‡K wdwi‡q Avbvi ¶gZv iv‡L| AÜwek¦vm Avi Kzms¯‹v‡ii Pv`‡i †gvov‡bv
†m mgvR− †h mgv‡Ri cÖwZf~ ag©e¨emvqx gwR` Ges f~¯^vgx Lv‡jK e¨vcvix nv‡Z nvZ wgwj‡q `ytkvmb Pvwj‡q †M‡Q| G‡`i Kv‡Q
hviv gv_v bZ K‡i wb, Zv‡`i aŸsm Awbevh© n‡q D‡V‡Q| †hgb Zv‡ni-Kv‡`‡ii evev‡K M„nZ¨vM Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q, AvIqvjcy‡ii
cxi mv‡ne‡K wcQy nV‡Z n‡q‡Q, Av°v‡mi ¯‹zj cÖwZôv mdj nqwb| myZivs, Avgiv ej‡ZB cvwi, ÔjvjmvjyÕ Dcb¨v‡m Avgiv Ggb
GK mgv‡Ri mv‡_ cwiwPZ nB, †h mgvR Avengvb Kv‡ji Kzms¯‹v‡ii Zvgvmvq Av”Qbœ| ˆmq` IqvjxDj­vn&i ÔRxeb I mvwnZ¨Õ
MÖ‡š’ ˆmq` Aveyj gKmy` e‡j‡Qb|
Ò........hyM hyM a‡i G big gvwUi ag©fxi“ gvby‡li gbwUI big; G gvwUi kvmK-†kvlK †kªwYi Ab¨Zg n‡jv ag©-e¨emvqx
m¤cÖ`vq, Zv‡`i Kv‡Q gvby‡li `ye©jZvB eo cuwy R| ÔjvjmvjyÕi KvwnwbwU Ic‡i Ic‡i Ggwb GKwU fyuB‡dvo gvRvi −†Kw›`ªK Mí
wKš‘ wfZ‡i-wfZ‡i MÖv‡gi evOvwj gymjgvb mgvR Rxe‡bi Av‡jL¨|Ó
Z‡e Gi wecixZ wPÎI ÔjvjmvjyÕ†Z we`¨vgvb| gwR‡`i Pvwc‡q †`Iqv Kzms¯‹viwfwËK cÖ_va‡g©i AveiY †f` K‡i gneŸZbMi
MÖv‡gi gvbyl cÖvqkB †ewi‡q Avmvi †Póv K‡i‡Q| †mUv Zv‡`i ¯^Ztù~Z
© cÖvYa‡g©i weKvk| Ggwb‡Z Zviv ag©Kg© we‡kl GKUv
K‡i bv, hZUv gMœ _v‡K Avb›` d‚wZ©‡Z| Livi w`‡b Rwg‡Z hLb dvUj a‡i, ZLb Avj­vni bvg †bq| ˆmq` IqvjxDj­vn& Zuvi
Dcb¨v‡m cÖ_va‡g©i mv‡_ cÖvYa‡g©i wPiš—b Ø›Ø †`wL‡q‡Qb Ges †kl ch©š— cÖvYa‡g©i c¶ wb‡q Zvi Rxeb wbwðZ K‡i‡Qb|
ÔjvjmvjyÕ Dcb¨v‡m wea„Z mgvR wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z †M‡j `ywU weZK© Gov‡bv m¤¢e nq bv| cÖ_gwU n‡”Q, †jL‡Ki Avµg‡Yi
j¶¨ Kx wQj? −ag©, bvwK a‡g©i bv‡g cÖPwjZ Kzms¯‹vi? wØZxqwU n‡jv, mgvRcwZ Lv‡jK e¨vcvix PwiÎwU Gi~‡c Aw¼Z n‡q‡Q
†Kb? GwU wK †jL‡Ki cwiKwíZ B”QvK…Z †Kv‡bv m¤úvw`Z ev¯—eZv, bvwK MÖvgxY mgvR I Rxeb m¤ú‡K© †jL‡Ki AbwfÁZvi
Afv‡e GgbwU n‡q‡Q?
†h‡nZz ˆmq` IqvjxDj­vn& Ggb GK mgv‡Ri Mí e‡j‡Qb, †h mgv‡R Ôk‡m¨i †P‡q Uzcx †ewk, a‡g©i AvMvQv †ewkÕ− myZivs, Zvi
Avµg‡Yi j¶¨ ag© bq, a‡g©i bv‡g cÖPwjZ Kzms¯‹vi| ag© wPiw`bB gvbyl‡K mZ¨ my›`i I Kj¨v‡Yi c_ †`wL‡q G‡m‡Q
wKš‘ e¨w³¯^v_©‡K nvwmj Kivi Amr D‡Ï‡k¨ ag©e¨emvqxiv a‡g©i bv‡g Kzms¯‹vi, gvRvi-c~Rv I AÜwek¦vm‡K wUwK‡q ivLvi
†Póv K‡i G‡m‡Q Ges Zviv Zv ev¯—evqb Kivi Rb¨ wbiš—ifv‡e K‡i hv‡”Q bvbv QjvKjv, Kvq`v-Kvbyb| ˆmq` IqvjxDj­vn&

লেকচার শীট লালসালু

 Dcb¨vm লালসালু
AvNvZ K‡i‡Qb GB †kªwYwU‡K−ag©‡K bq| Z‡e weZK© GB Kvi‡Y I‡V †h, Zvi Dcb¨v‡m ï× avwg©K †Kv‡bv PwiÎ gh©v`vi m‡½
Aw¼Z nqwb−ag© I ag©mswk­ó Pwiθ‡jv meB †bwZevPKfv‡e Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
Lv‡jK e¨vcvix, ¯úóZB †jL‡Ki e„‡Ëi evB‡i hvIqvi m‡½ hZUv m¤úwK©Z, Zvi cwiKíbvi ¯^v¶i ZZUv enb K‡i bv|
mgvRcwZ Ges †mB mgv‡Ri ag©xq †bZvi ¯^v_© Awfbœ nq−GwU A_©Z‡Ë¡ e‡j, mgvRweÁv‡b e‡j, BwZnv‡m Av‡Q| Lv‡jK e¨vcvix
I gwR‡`i ¯^v_© Awfbœ| Zviv `yRb G‡K Ac‡ii cwic~iK, wKš‘ mgvRcwZ KLbB ag©xq †bZv Øviv cwiPvwjZ nq bv| KviY,
A_© mgv‡Ri AeKvVv‡gv wbg©vY K‡i, ag© n‡”Q hvi ¶z`ª GKwU ewnK©vVv‡gv gvÎ| Kv‡RB Lv‡jK e¨vcvix PwiÎ wbwg©wZ‡Z e¨_©Zvi
†cQ‡b A_©kvwmZ mgvR−we‡kl K‡i MÖvgxY mgvR, ev¯—e Rxe‡b †jLK †h mgvR‡K Lye Kv‡Q †_‡K †`‡Lbwb, Zvi AbwfÁZv
GKwU eo e¨vcvi n‡q `uvwo‡q‡Q|

†`kUvB †hb †Kgb| dmj GK`g d‡j bv A_P A‡bK gvby‡li †mLv‡b emevm| N‡i Lvevi †bB| N‡i Afve _vK‡j hv
nq−mviv¶Y GjvKvi gvbyl fvMvfvwM wb‡q gvivgvwi K‡i, KLbI LybLvivweI| ZvB Zviv †Qv‡U| GjvKv †Q‡o evB‡i †ewi‡q hvq|
AvkvB Zv‡`i †`k †_‡K evwn‡i wb‡q Av‡m| wL‡` mn¨ Ki‡Z bv †c‡i Zviv Ni Qvov| G‡`i GKRbB gwR`− ÔjvjmvjyÕ Dcb¨v‡mi
†Kw›`ªq PwiÎ|
kªveY gv‡mi †kl w`K| gneŸZbMi MÖv‡gi `yB hyeK Zv‡ni I Kv‡`i †KvP RywZ wb‡q avb‡¶‡Z †bŠKv wb‡q gvQ wkKvi KiwQj|
ZvivB cÖ_‡g gwR`‡K †`‡L| †`‡L gwR` gwZM‡Äi mo‡Ki Ic‡i AvKv‡ki cv‡b nvZ Zz‡j †gvbvRv‡Zi fw½‡Z `uvwo‡q Av‡Q|
gwR‡`i Ggb bvUKxqZvi KviY GB †h, †m Rv‡b MÖv‡gi gvbyl ¯^vfvweK †Kv‡bv NUbv cQ›` Ki‡e bv| Zvi AvMgb hZUv bvUKxq
evbv‡bv hvq, †mUv †m Kivi †Póv K‡i‡Q| Gi Ask wn‡m‡e †m Luy‡R †ei K‡i MÖvg †_‡K GKUz evB‡i GKUv eo euvk-evMvb|
euvk-Sv‡oi Iav‡i cwiZ¨³ cyKz‡ii cv‡k fvOv GKwU cÖvPxb Kei| BU¸‡jv weeY© n‡q †M‡Q| †fZ‡i myo‡½i g‡Zv| †kqv‡ji
evmv n‡e nq‡Zv| †mB KeiwU‡K †m †gv`v‡”Qi cx‡ii gvRvi e‡j `vwe K‡i|
gneŸZbMi MÖv‡g Xy‡K †m †mvRv P‡j hvq MÖv‡gi †gvoj Lv‡jK e¨vcvixi evwo| mevB‡K wPrKvi K‡i †m ÔRv‡njÕ, Ô†eG‡jgÕ
ÔAvbcvovn&Õ e‡j we¯—i Mvjg›` K‡i Rvbvq †h, G-iKg GKRb Kv‡gj cx‡ii gvRvi‡K Gfv‡e Ah‡Zœ †d‡j †i‡L Giv gnvcvc
K‡i‡Q| MÖvgevmx †Zv e‡UB †gvoj Lv‡jK e¨vcvix, gvZveŸi †invb AvjxI j¾vq gv_v †nuU K‡i _v‡K| gwR` Zv‡`i Rvbvq, †m
Mv‡iv cvnv‡o Lye kvwš—‡Z wQj, wKš‘ GLv‡b †m Qy‡U G‡m‡Q Zvi KviY GK ˆ`e¯^cœ| ¯^‡cœ Zv‡K wb‡`©k †`Iqv n‡q‡Q
gneŸZbM‡i P‡j Avmvi Rb¨| ZvB Zvi G AvMgb|
R½j cwi®‹vi K‡i †djv n‡jv| Kei bZzb K‡i euvav‡bv n‡jv| AvMievwZi M‡Ü, †gvgevwZi Av‡jvq m„wó n‡jv bZzb GK
cwi‡ek| Ke‡ii Ic‡i Uvwb‡q †`Iqv n‡jv jvjmvjy Kvco| G MÖvg I MÖvg †_‡K †jvKRb Av‡m| Zv‡`i bvbv Avkvi K_v, bvbv
K‡ói K_v jvjmvjy Kvc‡o XvKv Ke‡i ï‡q _vKv e¨w³‡K †kvbvq Avi hvevi mgq w`‡q hvq UvKv-cqmv| ïi“ n‡jv gwR‡`i
e¨emv|

লেকচার শীট লালসালু

 Dcb¨vm লালসালু
gwR‡`i Nievwo DV‡Z †ewkw`b jv‡M bv| RwgRgv n‡jv| Zvici †m GKw`b Zvi cQ›`g‡Zv †g‡q‡K we‡qI K‡i| cvÎxi bvg
iwngv| j¤^v-PIov, kw³kvjx n‡jI †m ¯^vgxi Lye AbyMvgx| MÖv‡gi gvbyl gwR`‡K kª×v fw³ K‡i, Lv‡jK e¨vcvix‡K nq‡Zv
fqB †Kej cvq A_ev Gwo‡q P‡j| †g‡q-gn‡j iwngvi Avjv`v GKUv K`i| gwnjviv †Zv Avi gwR‡`i eivei Zv‡`i AvwR© †ck
Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, ZvB iwngvB Zv‡`i Aej¤^b| iwngvi gva¨‡gB Zviv Zv‡`i dwiqv` Rvbvq|
Zv‡ni-Kv‡`‡ii evev-gvi eqm n‡q‡Q, wKš‘ SMovSvwU Kivi Af¨vm †Zv K‡gBwb eis w`bw`b Zv Ak­xj MvjvMvwj‡Z wM‡q
†cuŠ‡Q‡Q| ey‡ov GK Kv‡j gviwc‡U I¯—v` wQj, GLb eqm n‡q †M‡Q e‡j nv‡Zi †mB †RviUv †bB, wKš‘ eywoi eqm n‡j n‡e
wK, gy‡Li aviUv †hb AviI †e‡o‡Q| †m hv e‡j, Zv ï‡b cvov-cowk †Zv e‡UB, Zvi weaev †g‡qI AuvP‡j gyL jywK‡q nv‡m|
eywoi e³e¨ GKwUB− Zvi †c‡U †h †Q‡j‡g‡q¸‡jv R‡b¥‡Q, G¸‡jv ey‡ovi bq−ey‡ovi Avevi IB ¶gZv wQj bvwK †Kv‡bv Kv‡j?
SMov †Zv bq †m GK Gjvwn KvÊ! Zv‡ni-Kv‡`‡ii evev †Kv‡bv GK NUbvi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z †g‡q‡K−nvmywbi gv‡K−wcwU‡qwQj|
gwR` fi gRwj‡k Zv‡ni-Kv‡`‡ii evev‡K Acgvb K‡i, hvi `ytL mn¨ Ki‡Z bv †c‡i e„× †jvKwU GK mܨvq wbi“‡Ïk n‡q
hvq| †m Avi evwo †d‡i bv| †h eywo cÖwZw`b Zv‡K bvbv Mvjg›` Ki‡Zv, †m-I ¯—ä n‡q hvq; wkïi g‡Zv WvK‡Z _v‡K: ÔAvj­v
Avj-v ........Õ
nvmywbi gv weaev| iwngvi Kv‡Q †m Rvwb‡q‡Q †h Zvi k¦ïievwoi †jv‡Kiv gvbyl bq| evev wbi“‡Ïk n‡q‡Q| fvB‡qiv AKg©Y¨,
Ac`v_©| †m †Zv GKvI bq, m‡½ Av‡Q Zvi wkïcyÎ| ZvB †m KvR †bq gwR‡`i evwo‡Z| iwngv‡K Ni †Mi¯’vwj‡Z mvnvh¨ Kiv|
nvmywbi gv gwR‡`i evwo‡Z KvR Ki‡Z G‡j gwR‡`i Kz`„wó Zvi Ici c‡o| gy‡L hw`I †m nvmywbi gv‡K ÔwewUÕ (†g‡q) m‡¤^vab
K‡i‡Q, wKš‘ Zvi †P‡c ivLv Avw`g Av‡eM †kl ch©š— Pvcv _v‡Kwb−bv nvmywbi gvi Kv‡Q, bv iwngvi Kv‡Q| hw`I cÖwZev`
K‡iwb `yR‡bi †KDB, eis `yRbB ey‡S Zv bv †evSvi fvb K‡i‡Q|
w`b fv‡jvB hvw”Qj gwR‡`i| nVvr cv‡ki MÖvg AvIqvjcy‡i Zvkwid wb‡jb GK eq¯‹ cxi mv‡ne| BDwbqb †ev‡W©i †cÖwm‡W›U
gZjye Luv Zvi cyiv‡bv gywi`| †mLv‡bB wZwb D‡V‡Qb| D`y© fvlvUv Zvi Avq‡Ë| Zuvi †evjPv‡j AvIqvjcy‡ii evwm›`v gy», w`Iqvbv|
gwR` †`L‡jv †h Zvi GK”QÎ AvwacZ¨ ¶‚Yœ n‡Z P‡j‡Q, ZvB †m Zvi cÖwZØ›Øx‡K nVv‡Z wb‡RB AvIqvjcy‡i wM‡q Dcw¯’Z nq|
†mLv‡b wM‡q †`‡L IB cxi mv‡ne Gjvwn KvÊ euvwa‡q e‡m Av‡Qb| wewPÎ my‡i wZwb dviwm fvlvq IqvR Ki‡Qb| Dcw¯’Z DËvj
RbZv Zvi A_© bv ey‡SB nvD gvD K‡i Kuv`‡Q| cxi mv‡ne †mw`b `dvq `dvq IqvR Ki‡Qb, Iw`‡K †Rvn‡ii bvgv‡Ri mgq
Mwo‡q hv‡”Q| ûRy‡ii gywi`iv GKev‡K¨ †g‡b wb‡q‡Q Zv‡`i cxi-G Kv‡gj m~h©‡K a‡i ivLevi ¶gZv iv‡Lb| wZwb hZ¶Y bv
m~h©‡K ûKzg †`‡eb, m~h© GK Av½yjI bo‡Z cv‡i bv| A‡e‡k‡l Avm‡ii bvgv‡Ri mgq hLb †Rvn‡ii bvgvR covi Rb¨ mevB
KvZvie× nq, gwR` wPrKvi K‡i cÖwZev` K‡i, ÒhZme kqZvbx, †e`vZx KvR Kvievi| †Lv`vi m‡½ g¯‹iv|Ó D‡j­L¨, GKB
KvR GZw`b †m wb‡R K‡i G‡m‡Q, wKš‘ AvR hLb gv‡V Zvi cÖej cÖwZØ›Øx Dcw¯’Z, Zvi gy‡L †kvbv hvq D‡ëv K_v|
Gici cxi mv‡n‡ei mv½cv½‡`i mv‡_ gwR‡`i DËß evK¨ wewbgq nq| Ae‡k‡l gwR` GjvKvi †jvKRb‡K mv‡_ K‡i
gneŸZbMi MÖv‡g wd‡i Av‡m-hw`I MÖvgevmx †`vUvbvq wQj| GKw`b Zv‡`i g‡b wQj †gv`v‡”Qi cx‡ii cÖwZ fq Z_v gwR‡`i cÖwZ
AvbyMZ¨| Ab¨w`‡K AvIqvjcy‡i AvMZ D`y©-dviwmfvlx eq¯‹ cxi mv‡n‡ei cÖwZ †KŠZ~nj I †gvn| Zey Zviv MÖv‡g †d‡i eis ejv
P‡j wdi‡Z nq| MÖv‡g †divi ci IB iv‡ZB MÖvgevmx‡K GKÎ K‡i Lv‡jK e¨vcvix‡K wb‡q gwR` GK Ri“wi ˆeVK emv‡jv|

লেকচার শীট লালসালু

 Dcb¨vm লালসালু
†hLv‡b †m cv‡ki MÖv‡g AvMZ cxi mv‡ne‡K Ôg‡bvgy»Ki kqZvbÕ wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ K‡i Zvi KvQ †_‡K `~‡i _vKvi civgk© †`Iqv
nq| mfvq mve¨¯— n‡jv: Aš—Z G MÖv‡gi †Kv‡bv gvbyl AvIqvjcy‡ii cxi mv‡n‡ei wÎmxgvbvq †Nul‡e bv| GB Kov wb‡lavÁvi
c‡iI gneŸZbMi MÖv‡gi K‡qKRb hyeK cv‡ki MÖv‡g cxi mv‡n‡ei mfvq wM‡qwQj| AvIqvjcyievmx Zv‡`i DËg ga¨g w`‡qwQj|
d‡j Zv‡`i KwigMÄ nvmcvZv‡j fwZ© n‡Z nq|
Lv‡jK e¨vcvixi `yB ¯¿x| cÖ_g ¯¿xi bvg Av‡gbv wewe, wØZxq ¯¿xi bvg Zvby wewe| Av‡gbv wewe †Zi eQi eq‡m ¯^vgxi N‡i
G‡m‡Qb AvR Zvi eqm wZwik †cwi‡q †M‡Q| †Kv‡bv mš—vbvw` Zvi nqwb| A_P mZxb Zvby wewe eQi eQi †Q‡jcy‡j Rb¥ w`‡q
hv‡”Q †Zv hv‡”QB, hv‡”Q †Zv hv‡”QB| KZ Avi mn¨ nq? Gw`‡K †jvKRb ejvewj Ki‡Q: AvIqvjcy‡i †h cxi mv‡ne G‡m‡Qb, Dwb
Lye Kv‡gj gvbyl, Zvi Ôcvwb covÕ †L‡jB †c‡U ev”Pv Avm‡e| Gw`‡K AvIqvjcy‡i †Zv hvIqv eviY| †mLvbKvi cxi mv‡n‡ei mv‡_
gwR‡`i bvwK Kx mgm¨v n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ Av‡gbv wewe Gme ïb‡Z bvivR| Zvi Ôcvwb covÕ PvB-B PvB| Lv‡jK e¨vcvix †Mvc‡b ivRx
nq|
AvIqvjcy‡ii cxi mv‡n‡ei KvQ †_‡K Ôcvwb covÕ wb‡q Avmvi `vwqZ¡ Lv‡jK e¨vcvix w`j Zvi m¤^Üx ajv wgTv‡K| ajv wgTv
Zvby wewei eo fvB| †m Lv‡jK e¨vcvixi evwo‡ZB _v‡K| Lvq `vq Nygvq− †Kv‡bv KvRKg© K‡i bv| evB‡i †_‡K Zv‡K †evKv
wKwm‡gi gvbyl g‡b n‡jI †m Avm‡j ayiÜi I cÖZviK| †m Zvi fwMœcwZ‡K Rvbvq †h AvIqvjcy‡i wM‡q Ôcvwb covÕ G‡b †`‡e
wKš‘ †m Zv K‡i bv| †m †mvRv gwR‡`i Kv‡Q P‡j hvq Ges Zv‡KB cvwb c‡o w`‡Z e‡j| gwR` G‡Z AcgvwbZ nq Ges mivmwi
UvKvi Bw½Z †`Iqvi c‡iI †m Ôcvwb covÕ †`q bv| ajv wgTv †h AvIqvjcy‡ii cx‡ii Kv‡Q †Mj bv GwU gwR‡`i cÖwZ Zvi
AvbyMZ¨ bq eis †m wQj Ajm, AKg©Y¨ I kV cÖKw… Zi gvbyl| Zvi Dci `yB MÖv‡gi gvSLv‡b wQj GKUv g¯— †ZuZzj MvQ− mevB
IUv‡K fyZz‡o MvQ e‡j ivZ we‡i‡Z Gwo‡q Pj‡Zv| ajv wgTv‡K iv‡Zi †ejv IB MvQZjv w`‡qB †h‡Z n‡Zv, fxZz cÖKw… Zi gvbyl
wQj e‡j †m Zv †KŠk‡j Gwo‡q †h‡Z †P‡q‡Q|
G NUbv duvm n‡q †M‡j Lv‡jK e¨vcvixi m‡½ gwR‡`i wKQyUv fyj †evSveywSi m„wó nq| ZLb Lv‡jK e¨vcvix gwR`‡KB G e¨vcv‡i
GKUv D‡`¨vM †bIqvi Rb¨ AvnŸvb Rvbvq| gwR` ZLb GKUv †KŠk‡ji Avkªq †bq| †m e‡j, Av‡gbv wewei †c‡U †eox c‡o‡Q
e‡jB †Zv mš—vbvw` n‡”Q bv| †c‡U bvbv gv‡ci †eox co‡Z cv‡i| †c‡U GKzk ch©š— †eox gwR` †`‡L‡Q e‡j Rvbvq| mvZ
†eox ch©š— †Lvjv hvq, Zvi †ewk m¤¢e bq| Zvi ¯¿x iwngvi †c‡UI †Zv †PŠÏ cu¨vP Av‡Q, ZvB ev”Pv-Kv”Pv n‡”Q bv Zv‡`i| G
†¶‡Î gwR` †Kb− Kvi“iB wKQy KiYxq †bB| Av‡gbv wewei †c‡U hw` mvZ †eoxi †ewk bv c‡o hv‡K, Zvn‡j gwR` Ly‡j †dj‡Z
cvi‡e− gwR` e‡j| GRb¨ Av‡gbv wewe‡K gwR‡`i cov cvwb †L‡q †gv`v‡”Qi cx‡ii gvRvi mvZ cvK Nyi‡Z n‡e| wba©vwiZ w`‡b
Av‡gbv wewe †ivRv iv‡L| D‡Ø‡M-f‡q-¶zavq Zvi †`n-gb `ye©j| †m gvRvi mvZ cvK Ny‡i Avm‡Z mg_© nq bv−wZb cvK Nyi‡ZB
†m Ávb nvwi‡q gvRvi cÖv½‡Y Gwj‡q c‡o| a~Z© gwR` Rvbvq Av‡gbv wewe AmZx, ZvB GgbwU N‡U‡Q−Ggb ¯¿x‡K †m †hb Avi
N‡i VuvB bv †`q| gwR‡`i nv‡Zi cyZzj Lv‡jK e¨vcvix †mB K_v g‡Zv Av‡gbv wewe‡K ZvjvK †`q|
Gw`‡K nvIqvq Kw`b a‡i GKUv K_v fvm‡Q| †gv`v‡eŸi wgTvi †Q‡j Av°vm bvwK MÖv‡g GKUv ¯‹zj emv‡e| Av°vm eûw`b
we‡`‡k wQj| KwigM‡Äi ¯‹z‡j bvwK wKQyw`b covïbvI †m K‡i‡Q| Zvici †Kv_vq cv‡Ui Avo‡Z bv Zvgv‡Ki Avo‡Z PvKwi

লেকচার শীট লালসালু

 Dcb¨vm লালসালু
K‡i wKQy cqmv Kvwg‡q‡Q| †Kv_vq wM‡q †m wk‡L G‡m‡Q †h ¯‹z‡j bv co‡j gymjgvb‡`i gyw³ †bB| †m ¯‹z‡ji Rb¨ Puv`v Zzj‡Z
jvM‡jv| ¯‹z‡ji Rb¨ mvnvh¨ †P‡q miKv‡ii Kv‡Q GKUv `iLv¯—I cvwV‡q e‡m|
gwR` Avi ei`v¯— Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| MÖv‡g ¯‹zj cÖwZôv n‡j bexb cÖR‡b¥i †PvL-Kvb Ly‡j hv‡e| G‡Z Zvi ag©e¨emvi mg~n ¶wZi
Avk¼v i‡q‡Q| ZvB †h‡Kv‡bv g~‡j¨ †m Av°vm‡K †VKv‡Z D‡V c‡o jv‡M| †VwK‡qI †`q| GK mܨvi ci ˆeVK WvKv n‡jv|
Zje Kiv n‡jv Av°v‡mi evev †gv`v‡eŸi wgTv‡K| fi gRwj‡m Vvm K‡i Po gvivi fw½‡Z gwR` Zv‡K cÖkœ K‡i e‡m, Ô†Zvgvi
`vwo KB wgTv? ..... Zzwg bv gymvjgv‡bi †Q‡j−`vwo KB †Zvgvi?Ó Lv‡jK e¨vcvix e‡j: Ò†n bvwK BsivwR co‡Q| Zv co‡j
gv_v wK Avi VvÛv _v‡K?Ó mfvq wmÜvš— nq: MÖv‡g cvKv gmwR` †`Iqv n‡e| MÖvgevmx G‡Z mva¨g‡Zv Puv`v †`‡e| mfvq Av°vm
Zvi ¯‹zj cÖwZôvi K_vUv DÌvcb Ki‡j Zv Pvcv c‡o hvq, GgbwK Zvi evevB e‡j I‡V−ÒPzc Ki Q¨vgov, †eËwg‡Ri g‡Zv K_v
KBmbv|Ó Av°vm AMZ¨v mfv †_‡K Av‡¯— Av‡¯— D‡V †ei n‡q hvq|
Gw`‡K gwR`‡K †bkvq †c‡q e‡m‡Q| †m †bkv Rxeb‡K Dc‡fv‡Mi †bkv| †m Avevi we‡q Ki‡Z Pvq| iwngv‡K bvbv Dwmjv
†`Lvq| KLbI e‡j: Òwewe Avgv‡Mv hw` †cvjvcvBb _vK‡Zv|Ó KLbI †Lvjvmv K‡i e‡j: Òwewe, Avgv‡Mv evwoUv eoB wbivb›`|
†Zvgvi GKUv mv_x Avbyg?Ó iwngv Kx ej‡e? Zvi g‡Z Kx Av‡m hvq?
bZzb eD n‡q G‡jv †h evwjKvwU bvg Zvi Rwgjv| Rwgjv‡K cÖ_g w`b †_‡KB iwngv mZxb wn‡m‡e bv †`‡L †g‡q wn‡m‡e †`‡L‡Q|
Av`i-hZœ K‡i Zv‡K LvIqvq cv‡k cv‡k iv‡L| Rwgjv Lye nvwmLywk †g‡q| iwngv‡K GKw`b †m e‡jB em‡jv: we‡qi w`b †m
gwR`‡K †f‡ewQj k¦ïi Avi GLv‡b G‡m iwngv‡K †`‡L g‡b K‡iwQj G gwnjvwU wbðqB Zvi kvïwo| Zvici Zvi cÖvY‡Lvjv nvwm|
iwngv Zv‡K nvm‡Z eviY K‡i| gwR‡`i evwo‡Z nvmv wbwl×| †g‡q‡`i †Zv e‡UB, †Kv‡bv gvby‡li nvwm mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv gwR`|
gwR` Lye K‡Vvi cÖKw… Zi †jvK| †m Avov‡j AveWv‡j nq‡Zv j¶ K‡i _vK‡e †h Zvi evwjKv-ea~ Rwgjv bvgvR c‡o bv| ZvB
iwngvi gva¨‡g Rwgjv‡K †m bvgvR covi ZvwM` †`q| iwngv gwR`‡K Avk¦¯— K‡i GB e‡j †h Rwgjv bvgvR Rv‡b Ges co‡e
ax‡i my‡¯’|
mܨv n‡Z bv n‡ZB Rwgjvi Nyg †c‡q hvq| gwR` ejv KIqv‡Z †m bvgvR co‡Z ïi“ K‡i‡Q, wKš‘ cÖvqB Zvi Gkvi bvgvR
cov nq bv| AvR †m gvMwi‡ei bvgvR covi ci †_‡KB Ny‡g XyjwQj, Zey bvgvR covi Rb¨ †m e‡mwQj| Gkvi bvgvR c‡oB †m
†mvRv weQvbvq wM‡q Nywg‡q c‡o‡Q| gwR` N‡i G‡m nuvKWvK ïi“ K‡i, Uvb †g‡i weQvbv †_‡K Zv‡K Zz‡j emvq, wKš‘ †m e‡jI
bv †h †m Gkvi bvgvR c‡oB ï‡qwQj|
Gici gwR` ïi“ K‡i wbh©vZb| wbh©vZb K‡i P‡j Ges µgk Zvi gvÎv e„w × K‡i| mn¨ Ki‡Z bv †c‡i nZeyw× n‡q Rwgjv
GKw`b gwR‡`i gy‡Li Ici _y_y wQwU‡q †`q| Gevi gwR‡`i f¨vev‡PKv LvIqvi cvjv|
Dcb¨v‡mi †k‡l Avgiv †`wL: Rwgjv‡K DwPZ wk¶v †`Iqvi Rb¨ GKvKx S‡oi iv‡Z gvRv‡i `wo w`‡q †eu‡a ivLv nq| mviv ivZ
fq¼i wkjve„wó n‡jv| †g‡qUv GKv GKv c‡o _v‡K gvRv‡ii †Lvjv cÖv½‡Y| mKv‡j G‡m †`Lv †Mj, Ke‡ii cv‡k nvZ-cv
Qwo‡q wPr n‡q ï‡q Av‡Q Rwgjv| Zvi GKUv cv Ke‡ii Mv‡q †j‡M Av‡Q| ZLbI RxweZ †m|

লেকচার শীট লালসালু

 Dcb¨vm লালসালু
Gici `„k¨cU `ª“Z e`‡j hvq| †h iwngv GZw`b Zvi AbyMZ wQj, †m wfbœ my‡i K_v ej‡Z ïi“ K‡i| ejv hvq ïi“ K‡iwQj AviI
Av‡M †_‡KB, wKš‘ Rwgjv‡K gvRv‡i †eu‡a †i‡L Avmvi ci †_‡KB Gevi †m cy‡ivcywi cwi”Qbœ n‡jv| gwR` †`L‡Z cv‡”Q: nv‡Z
me ai‡bi A¯¿ _vKvi c‡iI †m civwRZ n‡”Q| mgv‡R †m ivRvwaivR n‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ wb‡Ri N‡i †m DØv¯‘, M„nnxb, Abv_|

`ytL I `vwi`ªwcixZ †jvKRb Abœ †RvMv‡oi Avkvq †`k †Q‡o evB‡i †ewi‡q c‡o| gvbyl K…wlKvR bv Ki‡jI gv_vq
wVKB Uzwc w`‡q †Nv‡i| wKš‘ Zviv ag© m¤ú‡K© mewKQz Rv‡b bv| gvbyl hv-B e‡j Zviv meB AÜwek¦vm K‡i| ZvB
ejv nq k‡m¨i †P‡q Uzwc †ewk, a‡g©i AvMvQv †ewk| Mv‡ivcvnv‡oi †Kvb GK A‡ji gmwR‡`i Bgvg nq gwR` bv‡gi
†jvK| Zvi AvRvb ï‡b gmwR‡` Av‡m GK †jvK| wkKvwi †jvKwU gwR‡`i mv‡_ K_v e‡j I Zvi A‡ji K_v e‡j|
gwR` Zvi A‡j hvevi wm×všÍ †bq g‡b g‡b|

kÖve‡Yi †klw`‡K gwR` gneŸZbMi hvÎv K‡i| H mgq MÖv‡giB `yB hyeK Zv‡ni -Kv‡`i †bŠKv w`‡q cvwb‡Z gvQ
aiwQj| Zviv Lye mveav‡b †bŠKv Pvjvq cvwb †hb Zzjv A_©vr †Kvb kã †bB| †KvuP w`‡q nVvr †Lqvj K‡i gwZM‡Äi
mo‡K GKRb AcwiwPZ †jvK AvKv‡ki cv‡b †gvbvRv‡Zi fw½‡Z `vwo‡q Av‡Q| weKv‡j GB AcwiwPZ †jvK
gneŸZbMi MÖv‡gi gvZei Lv‡jK e¨vcvixmn MÖvgevmx‡K Rv‡nj e‡j MvjvMvwj K‡i| MÖvgevmx bvwK cyivZb GKwU Kei
A_©vr †gv`v‡”Qi wc‡ii gvRvi Ae‡njv K‡i †d‡j ivL‡Q| gwR` AviI e‡j †m Av‡M Mv‡ivcvnv‡o wQj hv GLvb †_‡K
wZbw`‡bi c_| Ges GKiv‡Z ¯^‡cœ †`‡L †gv`v‡”Qi cxi‡K| cx‡ii K_vq †m GLv‡b Avm‡Q| Gfv‡e bvUKxqfv‡e MÖv‡g
cÖ‡ek K‡i gwR`| †gv`v‡”Qi cxi A_© bvg bv Rvbv cxi|

লেকচার শীট লালসালু

 Dcb¨vm লালসালু
R½j mvd K‡i KeiwU‡K cx‡ii `ievi evbv‡bv n‡jv| MÖv‡gi †jv‡Kiv Avm‡Z jvM‡jv Ges cqmv I Ab¨vb¨ wRwbmcÎ
`vb Kiv ïiæ n‡jv| Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í gwR‡`i Ni ˆZwi nj| gvby‡liv av‡bi †gŠmy‡g avb Ab¨vb¨ †gŠmy‡g Ab¨vb¨ wRwbmcÎ
`vb Kiv ïiæ n‡jv| Ae¯’v fv‡jv nIqvq gwR` we‡q K‡i| MÖv‡giB GK †g‡q bvg bvg iwngv| iwngvi †`n PIov,
VvÛv I fxZz gvbyl Ges Zvi ¯^vgx‡K m¤§vb I kÖ×v K‡i|

MÖv‡gi †jv‡Kiv wVK iwngvi gZ mnR mij| Zviv K…wlKvR K‡i Zv‡`i A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb NwU‡q‡Q| Zv‡`i Cgvb `~e©j
wKš‘ ag©‡K Lye fw³ K‡i|

mevi Rb¨ MÖv‡gi m`©vi Lv‡jK e¨vcvwi GKUv g³e w`‡Q| Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í gwR` ÿgZvevb nq| Lv‡jK e¨vcvix MÖv‡gi
kvmbKZ©v Avi gwR` nq wbg©gKZ©v|

w`‡j Pvq bv eyey|

Zv‡ni Kv‡`‡ii †evb nvmywbi gv cÖvqB Zv‡`i evwo Av‡m Ges wewfbœ iKg AvwR© K‡i Zvi †hb g„Z¨z nq A_ev Zvi
evc-gv‡qi †hb g„Zz¨ nq| Zvi evev gvi g‡a¨ mvivw`b SMov †j‡MB _v‡K| nvmywbi gvI GK Amnvq †g‡q| Zvi ¯^vgx
gviv †M‡Q, k¦ïievwoi gvby‡liv wbh©vZb K‡i| †m Avi weevn Ki‡e bv|

লেকচার শীট লালসালু

 Dcb¨vm লালসালু
ciw`b gwR` Zv‡n‡ii ey‡ov evc‡K ckœ K‡i, Zvi eD-G¸‡jv wK e‡j? ey‡ov DËi bv †`qvq gwR` †i‡M D‡V| ey‡ov
Abygvb K‡i †h, evwoi GB LeiwU m¤¢eZ Zvi †g‡q e‡j‡Q| ZvB evwo‡Z G‡m nvmywbi gv‡K gvi| GB welqwU wb‡q
MÖv‡gi `ievi Z_v g³‡e mevB Rgv‡qZ nq Ges mevB welqwU ï‡b ey‡ovi Dci gbÿzbœ nq| gwR` ey‡ov‡K 5 cqmvi
wmwbœ w`‡Z e‡j ey‡ov evwo‡Z Av‡m Ges †g‡qi Kv‡Q ÿgv Pvq| c‡i b`xi w`‡K wbiæ‡Ïk n‡q hvq| eywoI SMov Kivi
gZ KvD‡K cvq bv| ZvB eywoi g‡b nq, †L‡jvqvo P‡j †M‡Q †Lj‡e Kvi mv‡_|

nvmywbi gv gvby‡li evwo‡Z dmj DVv‡bvi KvR K‡i| ZvB gwR‡`i evwo‡Z †m av‡bi KvR ïiæ K‡i| gwR` Lywk n‡q
†e¸wb i‡Oi Kvco wK‡b †`q|

kx‡Zi GK mgq iwngv I nvmywbi gv avb wm× K‡i| gwR` †kl iv‡Z Zvi ¯¿x iwngv‡K †W‡K Av‡b N‡i| gwR` Zv‡K
w`‡q cv wUcvq Ges Zvi gbtevmbv c~Y© K‡i Ges ivZ †kl nq|

mKj‡K wgTv e‡j m‡¤^vab Kiv gwR‡`i ¯^fve| †m mevB‡K wRÁvmv K‡i avb †Kgb n‡q‡Q| mevB Ggbfv‡e DËi
†`q †hb cÖZ¨vkvi †P‡q cÖvwß †ewk n‡q‡Q|

লেকচার শীট লালসালু

 Dcb¨vm লালসালু
avb †Zvjv †kl n‡j cv‡ki MÖv‡g GK eo cxi Av‡m| H MÖv‡gi eo cx‡ii GK gwi` wQj BDwbqb †ev‡W©i †cÖwm‡W›U
gZjye Luv| bZzb GB cx‡ii Kv‡Q mKj †jvK `‡j `‡j †h‡Z jvMj| Zviv wewfbœ mgm¨v wb‡q cx‡ii Kv‡Q hvq| GK`j
†jvK cx‡ii ÿgZv eY©bv K‡i| welqwU gwR` Rvb‡Z cv‡i Ges fq cvq GB †f‡e †h Gevi Zvi w`b †kl n‡q‡Q|
iv‡Z iwngvI gwR`‡K GB bZzb cxi m¤ú‡K© K_v e‡j| cxi bvwK giv gvbyl wR›`v Ki‡Z cv‡i| welqwU gwR`‡K
fvevq|

`‡j †K `‡j me MÖv‡gi †jvK H bZzb cx‡ii Kv‡Q hvq| gwR` ZLbI cvËv cvq bv| ZvB gwR` fv‡e MÖvgevmxi mv‡_
†m †h cÖZviYv K‡i‡Q Zv h_vh_B K‡i‡Q|
‡mB cxi eqvb ïiæ K‡i| ag©vÜ gvbyl bv ey‡SB Kvu‡`| A‡b‡K cx‡ii cv‡qi a~jv †bq, Pzgv Lvq| cxi mv‡ne A‡ejvq
bvgvh cov‡bvq †ÿ‡c hvq gwR`| ZLb gwR` Zv‡`i fÛvwg gvby‡li mvg‡b Zz‡j a‡i Ges mvevB‡K wbR MÖv‡g †diZ
†h‡Z e‡j MÖv‡g wM‡q gwR` Riæwi ˆeVK K‡i| Ges GB wm×všÍ †bq †m G MÖv‡gi †KD AvIqvjcy‡ii cx‡ii Kv‡Q
hv‡e bv| GZ GB MÖv‡giB wKQz hyeK wRnv`x †Rv‡k ejxqvb n‡q cx‡ii `iev‡i nvgjv Ki‡Z †Mj Ges cx‡ii †Pjv‡`i
Øviv AvnZ nBqv nvmcvZv‡j fwZ© nB‡jv| gwR` Zv‡`i †`‡L Av‡m nvmcvZvj †_‡K|

Lv‡jK e¨vcvixi eD wewe Av‡gbv wbtmšÍvb| ZvB Zvi B”Qv AvIqvjcy‡ii cx‡ii cvwb cov LvIqv hv‡Z mšÍvb nq| †m
Lv‡jK e¨vcix‡K Aby‡iva K‡i cvwb cov Avbvi wel‡q| Lv‡jK e¨vcvix welqwU eyS‡Z ‡c‡i cvwb Avbvi e¨e¯’v K‡i|
Lv‡jK e¨vcvixi wØZxq ¯¿x Zvbywewei fvB ajv wgqvi Dci `vwqZ¡ co‡jv cvwb cov Avbvi| ajv wgqv iIqvbv †`q iv‡Z
wKš‘ f‚‡Zi fq †c‡q gwR‡`i Kv‡QB Av‡m Ges me we¯ÍvwiZ e‡j| gwR` NUbvwU ï‡b Lv‡jK e¨vcvix I Zvi ¯¿xi
Dci ÿzä nq| gwR` fv‡e cvwb cov Avbvi welqwU‡Z Zv‡K †QvU Kiv n‡q‡Q|

লেকচার শীট লালসালু

 Dcb¨vm লালসালু
gwR` Lv‡jK e¨vcvixi mv‡_ G wel‡q K_v e‡j& Ges e‡j Zvi ¯¿xi co‡b †ewo Av‡Q hvi Kvi‡b Zvi mšÍvb nq bv|
Ges gwR` dw›` K‡i Zvi ¯¿x‡K ZvjvK †`Iqvi| Gw`‡K MÖv‡gi nvmywbi gv‡qi eywo gv gviv hvq| Lv‡jK e¨vcvixi
¯¿x Av‡gbv †ewo †Lvjvi KvR K‡i| †ivRv †i‡L mܨvi ci gvRvi kixd cvK w`‡Z e‡j| wKš‘ Av‡gbv e¨_© nq|
ZLb gwR` Lv‡jK e¨vcvix‡K ZvjvK †`Iqvi civgk© †`q| Lv‡jK e¨vcvix Av‡gbv‡K ZvjvK †`q|

Gw`‡K †gv`v‡eŸi wgTvi †Q‡j Av°vm MÖv‡g ¯‹zj w`‡Z Pvq| gwR` fv‡e ¯‹z‡j ev”Pviv cov‡jLv Ki‡j wkwÿZ n‡q hv‡e
Ges MÖv‡gi Kzms¯‹vi¸‡jv `~i n‡q hv‡e| d‡j Zvi gvRvi e¨emv bó n‡q hv‡e|
ZvB gwR` MÖvgevmx‡K ¯‹zj bv K‡i eis gmwR` ˆZwi‡Z Drmvn cÖ`vb K‡i| Lv‡jK e¨vcvix welqwU mg_©b K‡i Ges
Li‡Pi Pvi fv‡Mi wZbfvM †m wb‡RB `vb Ki‡Z Pvq| KvR ïiæ n‡q hvq gmwR` wbg©v‡Yi| MÖv‡gi gvby‡li wbijm
kÖg I †Póvq M‡o D‡V GB gmwR`|

GKw`b iv‡Z gwR` mšÍv‡bi K_v e‡j| iwngv nvmywb‡i †cvl¨ ivL‡Z Pvq| wKš‘ wb‡Ri i³ gvs‡m bv nIqvq Zvi gb
f‡i bv| ZvB gwR` Av‡iKUv we‡q Ki‡Z Pvq hv‡Z mšÍvb nq|

wKQzw`b ci gwR` wØZxq we‡q K‡i|bZzb eD‡qi bvg Rwgjv|Rwgjv wK‡kvix †g‡q, eqm Aí|bZzb eD‡K †`‡L
mš—vbnxb iwngvi k¦vïwo fve Rv‡M|we‡qi ci wKQzw`b kvš—-f`ª _vK‡jI c‡i Rwgjvi wkïmyjf PÂjZv dz‡U D‡V
mg‡qi mv‡_ mv‡_|‡m iwngvi g‡Zv gv_vq †NvgUv †`q bv,memgq nv‡m|gvRv‡i gvbyl KvbœvKvwU K‡i, KZ Rxe‡bi
`ytL‡e`bv cÖKvwkZ nq Zvi wn‡me †bB| ZvB gwR` nvwm cQ›` K‡i bv, Rwgjv‡K D”P¯^‡i nvm‡Z wb‡la
K‡i|Aem‡i Rwgjv I iwngv Mí K‡i|Rwgjv we‡qi NUbv iwngv‡K e‡j| ‡m e‡j,cÖ_g †`Lv‡Z †m gwR`‡K

Zvi k¦ïi †f‡ewQj| Rwgjvi PvjPjb gwR`‡K fvwe‡q †Zv‡j| †m Lye ivMvwš^Z nq |

GKw`b GK e„× gwnjv Zvi g„Z †Q‡j‡K wb‡q gvRv‡i Av‡m| ‡m mewKQzi wewbg‡q †Q‡ji Rxeb Pvq|Rxeb †`Iqvi
¶gZv gwR‡`i bvB,ZvB gwR` Zv‡K eySvq Ges e‡j †h, Avj-vn Zvi wcÖq ev›`v‡`i Av‡M Zvi Kv‡Q wb‡q hvq| Zvi

লেকচার শীট লালসালু

 Dcb¨vm লালসালু
Rb¨ †`vqv Kiv Qvov wKQz Kivi †bB|`vb Kiv cqmv wb‡q gwR` evwo‡Z P‡j Av‡m|GB NUbv Rwgjv †`‡L Ges eyS‡Z
cv‡i, Zvi ¯^vgx gwR‡`i Ava¨vwÍK †Kvb ¶gZv bvB|Gici †_‡K gwR‡`i cÖwZ Zvi fw³ I‡V hvq Ges †m gwR‡`i
av›`v eyS‡Z cv‡i|

gwR‡`i msmv‡i Akvwš— †b‡g Av‡m|evwo‡Z kvwš— cvq bv †m| gwR‡`i †Kvb Av‡`kB Rwgjv gv‡b bv|Rwgjv iv‡Z
gwR‡`i weQvbv †_‡K D‡V wM‡q iwngvi mv‡_ Nygvq|w`‡b iwngv KvR K‡i wKš‘ Rwgjv wKQzB K‡i bv, GB welqwU
gwR`‡K µy× K‡i †Zv‡j| w`‡b Rwgjvi Nyg gwR` mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv,GKevi gwR` Ny‡gi g‡a¨ AvPgKv Uvb w`‡q
Zv‡K ewm‡q †`q|wKš‘ Rwgjv †Kvb KvR K‡i bv| g‡b nq Zvi g‡b we‡`ªvn †R‡M‡Q| N‡ii `iRvq e‡m iƒcPP©v
Kii Rwgjv,gwR` cvk w`‡q †M‡j Zvi w`‡K ZvKvqI bv|gwR` Zv‡K wewfbœfv‡e eySv‡Z †Póv K‡i,Zv‡K a‡g©i c‡_
Avb‡Z Pvq|wKš‘ Rwgjvi wK‡kvix gb Zv ey‡S bv|Rwgjv gyw³i ¯^v` Pvq|

GKiv‡Z wRwK‡ii mgq,wLPzwo ivbœv nq mevi Rb¨ |Rwgjv KvR †i‡L Nywg‡q hvq| gwR` evwo Av‡m|Rwgjvi
Aeva¨Zv †`‡L gwR‡`i g‡b nq iwngvi e`‡`vqvq Ggb eD Zvi N‡i G‡m‡Q| GiKg NUbvi ci gwR` wm×vš— †bq
Rwgjv‡K wk¶v w`‡e,Zv bv n‡j Rwgjvi GB Doš— ¯^fve Zvi gvRvi †Kw›`ªK e¨emv‡K MÖv‡gi mvaviY gvby‡li Kv‡Q
cÖkœwe× Ki‡Z cv‡i e‡j gwR` fq K‡i|gwR` Rwgjv‡K †mB †gv`v‡”Qi cx‡ii gvRv‡i wM‡q gvd PvB‡Z n‡e|
Zvici gwR` wg_¨v GKUv A‡jŠwKK NUbv e‡j iwngv I Rwgjv Dfq‡KB wek¦vm Kiv‡bvi †Póv K‡i hv‡Z AvcvZ
`„wó‡Z Rwgjvi cÖwZ gwR‡`i mKj Ab¨vq AZ¨vPvi gvZ…myjf iwngvi Kv‡Q †KejB gvÎ GKwU ms‡kva‡bi cš’v
wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq| c‡ii w`b bvgvRiZ Ae¯’vq Rwgjv Nywg‡q hvq| gwR` Zv‡K †U‡b Zz‡j wb‡q gvRv‡ii w`‡K
hvq, wKš‘ Rwgjv †h‡Z Pvq bv|‡m N„Yvq gwR‡`i gy‡L _y _y †`q| gwR` aviYv K‡i Rwgjvi Dci wR¡b -f‚‡Zi AvQi
Av‡Q, Zv‡K Qvov‡Z n‡e| †m Rwgjv‡K gvRv‡i †e‡a w`‡q Av‡m hv‡Z gvRv‡ii cweÎZvi f‡q Rxb Rwgjv‡K †Q‡o
cvjvq|

GKUz c‡iB So e„wó ïi“ nq,mv‡_ wkjve„wó| wkjve„wó‡K g‡b nq †Lv`vi wXj|c‡i iwngvi Aby‡iv‡a Rwgjv‡K N‡ii
wfZi wb‡q Av‡m|

cy‡iv gneŸZbMi MÖvgevmx gwR‡`i ag©evbx‡Z i“× wKš‘ †mLv‡b Rwgjv †hb ¯^vaxbZv G‡b‡Q, G‡b‡Q gyw³i
myevZvm| †kKonxb Mv‡Qi g‡Zv gwR` ag©‡K Avkªq K‡i MÖv‡g cÖwZwôZ n‡jI Rwgjv PwiÎwU Zvi Aw¯—‡Z¡ GK my²
msKU ˆZwi K‡i|

লেকচার শীট লালসালু

 Dcb¨vm লালসালু
ÔjvjmvjyÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †K›`ªxq PwiÎ gwR`| G Dcb¨vm AvcvZZfv‡e †m Kzms¯‹vi, kVZv I cÖZviYvi cÖZxK| †m cÖ_v‡K wUwK‡q
ivL‡Z Pvq GB Kvi‡Y †h cÖ_v wU‡K bv _vK‡j Zvi cÖfyZ¡ wU‡K _vK‡e bv| gneŸZbMi MÖv‡g wb‡Ri civµg wUwK‡q ivLvi Rb¨
Ggb †Kv‡bv Kg© †bB, hv †m bv K‡i‡Q− Zv‡ni-Kv‡`‡ii evev‡K kvw¯—, AvIqvjcy‡ii cÖwZØ›Øx cxi‡K nVv‡bv, MÖvgevmx‡K me
mgq †Lv`vfxwZi K_v e‡j wb‡Ri AbyMZ K‡i ivLv, Lv‡jK e¨vcvixi Ici Kov bRi`vwi, Av‡gbv wewe‡K ZvjvK `v‡b eva¨ Kiv,
Av°v‡mi ¯‹zj cÖwZôvi D‡`¨vM evbPvj K‡i †`Iqv, cwi‡k‡l Rwgjv‡K kv‡q¯—v Kiv| Z‡e Ab¨ me †¶‡Î gwR` Avkvbyic~
mvdj¨ AR©b Ki‡jI Rwgjv‡K †m wKQy‡ZB wbqš¿‡Y Avb‡Z cv‡iwb−eis ejv hvq, cy‡ivcywi †m e¨_© n‡q‡Q|
kxY©‡`‡ni GB gvbylwU gvby‡li ag©wek¦vm, Hkx kw³i cÖwZ fw³ I AvbyMZ¨, fq I kª ×v, B”Qv I evmbv-meB wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z
Pvq| Avi mgMÖ Dcb¨vm Ry‡o GB Pwi·KB †jLK cÖvavb¨ w`‡q‡Qb; evi evi AbymiY K‡i‡Qb Ges Zvi IciB Av‡jv †d‡j
cvV‡Ki g‡bv‡hvM wbeÜ †i‡L‡Qb| Dcb¨v‡mi mKj NUbvi wbqš¿K gwR`| ZviB cÖZ¨¶ I c‡iv¶ cÖfv‡e m„wó n‡q‡Q wewfbœ
Pwi‡Îi Af¨š—ixY wµqv-cÖwZwµqv| Avi ZvB gwR‡`i cÖej Dcw¯’wZ Awbevh© n‡q c‡o gneŸZbMi MÖv‡gi mvgvwRK cvwievwiK
mKj Kg©Kv‡Ê|
AvcvZ`„wó‡Z gwR` GKwU PwiÎ; ïay PwiÎ bq, Dcb¨vmwUi GK`g †K›`ªxq PwiÎ A_P ˆmq` IqvjxDj­vn&‡K hviv Rv‡bb, Zuvi
`vk©wbK wPš—v-fvebvi m‡½ huv‡`i Kg‡ewk cwiPq Av‡Q, Zuviv mevB Rv‡bb, gwR` g~jZ GKwU cÖZxK|
Kzms¯‹vi, kVZv, cÖZviYv Ges AÜwek¦v‡mi g~wZ©gvb cÖZxKI †m| cÖPwjZ wek¦v‡mi KvVv‡gv I cÖ_ve× Rxebaviv‡K †m wUwK‡q
ivL‡Z Pvq, IB Rxebavivi †m cÖfy n‡Z Pvq, Pvq AcÖwZnZ ¶gZvi AwaKvix n‡Z| GRb¨ †m †h‡Kv‡bv KvR Ki‡ZB cÖ¯‘Z,
Zv hZB bxwZnxb ev AgvbweK †nvK|
ÔjvjmvjyÕ Dcb¨v‡m ˆmq` IqvjxDj­vn& cÖvYag© I cÖ_va‡g©i wPiš—b ؛؇K †`wL‡q‡Qb| gwR` a‡g©i bv‡g cÖPwjZ cÖ_vag© Z_v
Kzms¯‹v‡ii cÖZxf~| †m cÖvYa‡g©i cÖej we‡ivwaZvq Zrci †_‡K‡Q cy‡iv Dcb¨vm Ry‡o| KviY, †m Rv‡b gneŸZbMi MÖv‡gi gvbyl
†R‡M DV‡j Zvi ag©e¨emv jv‡U DV‡e| d‡j dmj IVvi mgq MÖvgevmxiv hLb Avb‡›` Mvb †M‡q I‡V, ZLb †m _vwg‡q †`q;
wn›`ycvovq †Xvj evR‡j wbõj †µv‡a QUdU K‡i− †Kbbv, IB mgv‡R Zvi †Kv‡bv wbqš¿Y †bB, Zvi †gv`v‡”Qi cx‡ii †`vnvB
Zv‡`i Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e bv| iwngv DuPz Mjvq K_v ej‡j wKsev kã K‡i nuvU‡j †m †Lv`vi fq †`Lvq; Rwgjv cÖv‡Yv”Q¡j nvwm nvm‡j
†m wbôzifv‡e IB nvwm eÜ Kivi Rb¨ D‡V-c‡o †j‡M hvq|
gwR` cÖwZôvKvgx| †h‡Kv‡bvfv‡eB †nvK, †m wb‡R‡K cÖwZôv Ki‡Z Pvq| PvjPz‡jvnxb gwR` Aíw`‡bi g‡a¨B gneŸZbM‡i
wb‡R‡K cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z mg_© n‡qwQj, †mwU Zvi GB †hvM¨Zv e‡j| Z‡e Zvi GB cÖwZôvc‡e© †kvl‡Yi Avkªq wb‡q‡Q Ges G
†¶‡Î Zvi nvwZqvi wQj Kw_Z †gv`v‡”Qi cx‡ii gvRvi|
Aciva‡eva gvby‡li wbtm½‡eva RvwM‡q †Zv‡j| gwR`‡KI Avgiv P~ovš— iKg wbtm½‡ev‡a Avµvš— _vK‡Z †`wL| Zvi gb
memgqB wePwjZ wQj| GKeviB iwngvi Kv‡Q Zvi cÖKvk N‡U‡Q| iwngvi Kv‡Q mgwc©Z gwR` hLb e‡j, ÒKI wewe Kx Kijvg?
Avgvi eywׇZ Rvwb Kzjvq bv| †Zvgv‡i wRMvB, Zzwg KI?Ó ZLb Zvi Aš—k©vwqZ nZvkv, wbtm½Zv‡K Avgiv cÖZ¨¶ Kwi|
ˆmq` IqvjxDj­vn& cvðvZ¨ Aw¯—Z¡ev`x `k©b Øviv cÖejfv‡e AbycvÖ wYZ n‡qwQ‡jb| gwR` PwiÎwUi gva¨‡g wZwb GB Aw¯—Z¡ev`x
`vk©wbK ZË¡wU‡K g~Z© K‡i Zz‡j‡Qb| Aw¯—‡Z¡i m¼‡U wbcwZZ gvby‡li µgk Aw¯—Z¡kxj n‡q IVv Ges Zvici Akyf kw³‡Z

লেকচার শীট লালসালু

 Dcb¨vm লালসালু
cwiYZ n‡q wb‡RB A‡b¨i Aw¯—‡Z¡i m¼U m„wó Kivi GK Ac~e© e„Ë gwR` Pwi‡Îi gva¨‡g †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| GB A‡_©, gwR`
GKB m‡½ gvbyl Ges GKB m‡½ ZË¡| †m Aïf wKš‘ †jL‡KiB Aš—ikvwqZ AccyÎ|

Rwgjv ˆmq` IqvjxDj­vn&i ÔjvjmvjyÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †K›`ªxq bvix PwiÎ| mxwgZ AvqZ‡bi G Dcb¨v‡mi wØZxqv‡a© wK‡kvix G †g‡qwUi
AvMgb; †h-wKbv wbZvš—B nZ`wi`ª GKwU cwiev‡ii Kb¨v| wKš‘ Zvi cÖfv‡e cÖej gwR` wePwjZ, Db¥~wjZ n‡q c‡o| Rwgjv
†h `vwi`ª jvwÃZ, mvaviY GKwU MÖvgxY cwiev‡ii †g‡q, †mwU Lye mn‡RB Avgiv Kíbv Ki‡Z cvwi GB m~‡Î †h, Zvi evev †cŠp
Ges weevwnZ gwR‡`i mv‡_ Kb¨vi weevn w`‡Z †Kv‡bv iKg wØav K‡iwb− eis Avgv‡`i msMZ Abygvb: Kb¨v`vqMÖ¯— nZfvM¨
wcZvi Kv‡Q GwU †mŠfv‡M¨i e¨vcvi e‡jB MY¨ n‡q‡Q|
wØZxq †h e¨vcviwU j¶‡hvM¨, †mwU n‡jv: RwgjvI GwU A¯^vfvweK †Kv‡bv e¨vcvi e‡j g‡b K‡iwb ïay GKUz †KŠZzK Abyfe
K‡iwQj| ¯^vgxM„‡n Avmvi ci mZxb iwngv‡K GKw`b cwinvm K‡i †m e‡jwQj, cÖ_g †`Lvq gwR`‡K †m k¦ïi g‡b K‡iwQj,
Avi iwngv‡K †`‡L †f‡ewQj kvïwo| GB cwinv‡mi Zij †mªv‡Zi g‡a¨ nq‡Zv Aš—j©xb n‡q Av‡Q GKUzLvwb nZvkv, `ytL, M­vwbI;
Z‡e Zvi g‡a¨ ev¯—eZv‡K †g‡b †bIqvi cÖej GKUv e¨vcvi wQj− Avengvb Kv‡ji me evOvwj bvixi †fZiB †hgb _v‡K me
`yf©v‡M¨i mv‡_B wb‡R‡K wgwj‡q †bIqvi GKUv `xN©k¦vmRwoZ wePz¨wZ|
Zvn‡j mgm¨v †Kv_vq? Rwgjv †Zv me †g‡bB wb‡qwQj| †cŠp ¯^vgxi Kv‡Q G‡m †m mewKQy mgc©Y K‡iwQj G‡K G‡K| mewKQy
w`‡q †`Iqvi c‡iI cÖwZwU gvby‡li wKQy wKQy wRwbm †_‡KB hvq, †hUv KvD‡K †`Iqv hvq bv− AvZ¥gh©v`v, e¨w³¯^vZš¿¨| Rwgjv
Zvi GB nv‡Zi cuvP¸‡jv h‡¶i a‡bi g‡Zv ey‡Ki g‡a¨ AvM‡j a‡i ivL‡Z †P‡qwQj wKš‘ `ye©vi gwR` †m¸‡jvI †K‡o wb‡Z
hLb Zrci n‡q DV‡jv, ZLb Rwgjv‡K Avgiv †`wL bZzb GK i~‡c−gwR‡`iB cÖwZc¶ wn‡m‡e| gneŸZbMi A‡j †KD hv
KíbvI Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, N‡ii †fZ‡i †_‡K Rwgjv K‡i em‡jv ZvB| Zvi AvµgYUv Avm‡jv †fZi †_‡K| gwR`‡K †m aivkvqx
K‡i †d‡j|
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b‡g cÖPwjZ kv¯¿kvm‡bi AbyMvgx bq eis gy³a‡g© wek¦vmx| †m cÖv‡Yv”Q¡j| gb Ly‡j †m nv‡m, bvbv iKg †KŠZzKKi K_v e‡j|
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Av`k©ev`x PwiÎ, hv‡K w`‡q Ny‡baiv Kzms¯‹viv”Qbœ mgv‡Ri gy‡L _yZz w`‡qwQj| jvjmvjy Kvc‡o XvKv ag©e¨emvqxi gy‡Lvk D‡b¥vPb
K‡i‡Qb Ges Dcb¨v‡mi †k‡l Zuvi GB gvbmKb¨v‡K w`‡qB Z_vKw_Z †gv`v‡”Qi cx‡ii gvRvi (†kqv‡ji MZ©) -†K c¶vNvZ

লেকচার শীট লালসালু

 Dcb¨vm লালসালু
K‡i‡Qb| ejv hvq, ˆmq` IqvjxDj­vn&i GKwU mvwnwZ¨K cwiKíbv wQj, ÔjvjmvjyÕ Dcb¨vm iPbv K‡i Rwgjv PwiÎwU wbg©v‡Yi
ga¨ w`‡q Zvi ev¯—evqb N‡U‡Q|

PwiÎwP·Y ˆmq` IqvjxDj­vn& AmvaviY ˆbcy‡Y¨i cwiPq †i‡L‡Qb Zuvi ÔjvjmvjyÕ Dcb¨v‡m; hw`I G K_v Avgv‡`i we¯§„Z nIqv
msMZ n‡e bv †h G Dcb¨vmwU PwiÎcÖavb Dcb¨vm bq, ZvB PwiÎm„Rb Zuvi j¶ bq- Dcj¶ gvÎ| Kvwnwbi `vwe‡Z Ges ev¯—
eZvi cÖ‡qvR‡b wZwb Aí wKQy PwiÎ wbg©vY K‡i‡Qb, iwngv †m¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wewkó n‡q D‡V‡Q|
iwngvi wewkó n‡q IVvi KviY wØwea| cÖ_g KviYwU Lye mij I ¯úó| ˆmq` IqvjxDj­vn& iwngvi g‡a¨ w`‡q kvk¦Z evOvwj bvixi
GKwU †Pbv gyL‡K AuvKevi †Póv K‡i‡Qb Lye m‡PZbfv‡e| ¯§iYvZxZKvj †_‡KB evOvwj bvix ¯^vgxi AbyMZ| Zviv ¯^vgx‡K
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Abvqv‡m GK ¯’vb †_‡K Ab¨ ¯’v‡b Zz‡j wb‡q hvq, †Muvqvi avgov MvB‡KI ¯^”Q‡›` †Mvqvj †_‡K †U‡b †ei K‡i wb‡q Av‡m|
nuv‡U hLb gvwU‡Z AvIqvR nq, K_v Kq hLb, gvV †_‡K †kvbv hvq Mjv|Ó
G wPi †Pbv evOvwj bvix− ˆ`wnK kw³gËvq †m hZB cÖej †nvK bv †Kb, ¯^vgxi cÖwZ fw³ Zvi cÖej, ¯^vgxi K_v A¶‡i A¶‡i
†m †g‡b P‡j| †m bgª I webxZ| G iKg GK bvixiB cÖ‡qvRb wQj gwR‡`i, †h Zvi msmvi AvM‡j ivL‡e| KwVb nv‡Z mvgvj
†`‡e msmvi, wKš‘ ¯^vgxi mvg‡b _vK‡e m`v bZg¯—‡K, webxZv, AvbyMZv| gwR‡`i Rb¨ iwngvB Av`k© ¯¿x|
iwngvi wewkó n‡q IVvi wØZxq KviYwU Lye m‡PZbcv‡V Abyaveb Kiv hvq| wØZxq KviYwU Jcb¨vwm‡Ki wbZvš—B cwiKíbvi
Ask| ˆmq` IqvjxDj­vn& Zuvi mgKvjxb mgvRe¨e¯’v‡K †f‡O †dj‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb Ges GwU wZwb Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb mgv‡Ri †fZi
†_‡KB| ZvB wZwb iwngvi g‡Zv Lye †Pbv GKRb M„nea~‡K A‡Pbv K‡i wbg©vY K‡i‡Qb Dcb¨v‡mi †kl w`‡K| gwR` Rwgjv‡K hLb
gvRv‡i LyuwUi m‡½ †eu‡a †i‡L Av‡m, ZLb †_‡K iwngvi GB bZzb i~c Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB| AbyMZv ¯¿x iwngvi nVvr K‡iB ¯^vgxi
cÖwZ wei~c g‡bvfve cÖKvk ïi“ K‡i| †m ¯úóZB Rwgjvi c¶ Aej¤^b K‡i| GZw`b ¯^vgx‡K †m AÜfv‡e mg_©b w`‡q G‡mwQj
wKš‘ GB ch©v‡q Avgiv †`wL †m Zvi mg_©b cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i wb‡q‡Q| cÖK…Zc‡¶, iwngvi PwiÎwUi ga¨ w`‡q ˆmq` IqvjxDj­vn& a‡g©i
bv‡g Kzms¯‹vi Ges kv¯¿a‡g©i wei“‡× cÖvYa‡g©i ¯^Ztù~Z© Rq †`Lv‡bvi †Póv K‡i‡Qb Ges wbtm‡›`‡n Zuvi †mB cÖqvm mdj
n‡q‡Q|

লেকচার শীট লালসালু

 Dcb¨vm লালসালু
ÔjvjmvjyÕ Dcb¨v‡m Lv‡jK e¨vcvix PwiÎwU bvbv Kvi‡Y Av‡jvwPZ, d‡j mvwnZ¨ mgv‡jvPbvq Zv †c‡q‡Q wfbœZi gvÎv| G K_v
wØavnxbfv‡eB ejv P‡j †h, GB PwiÎwU wb‡q hZ K_v D‡V‡Q, †K›`ªxq PwiÎ gwR`‡K wb‡qI ZZ K_v I‡Vwb|
evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvgxY A_©bxwZ K…wlwbf©i Ges Drcv`b e¨e¯’v mvgš—ev`x nIqvi myev‡` hvi Rwg hZ †ewk, mgv‡R Zvi cÖfve-
cÖwZcwËI ZZ †ewk nq−GUvB wbqg| Lv‡jK e¨vcvix gneŸZbMi MÖv‡gi mgvRcwZ| MÖvgxY mgv‡R G †kªwYi gvbyl‡K †gvoj ev
gvZeŸi ejv n‡q _v‡K, hviv MÖvgxY gvby‡li mKj mvgvwRK Kg©KvÊ cwiPvjbv K‡ib| mvgš—ev`x mgv‡R f~wg gvwjK‡`i mv‡_
ag©xq cy‡ivwnZ‡`i wbweo mL¨ _v‡K, hv ˆmq` IqvjxDj­vn& Zuvi Dcb¨v‡m †`wL‡q‡Qb| GKc‡¶ Av‡Q Lv‡jK e¨vcvix, Ab¨c‡¶i
cÖwZwbwa gwR`|
wPivqZ ev¯—eZv GB †h, f~wg gvwjK I ag©xq cy‡ivwnZ‡`i ¯^v_© mPivPi Awfbœ| ZvB Zv‡`i c_ GK, Zviv GKÆv− †nvK Zv
mÁv‡b bZzev ARv‡š—-Awb”Qvq| Zviv G‡K Ac‡ii †`vmi, c_ Pjvi mnPi, m½x| Z‡e me mgqB j¶Yxq n‡jv: mgvRcwZB
†kl ch©š— ag©cwZi Ici AvwacZ¨ we¯—vi K‡i _v‡K, D”PKÉ n‡q _v‡K; d‡j mgvR †bZvB n‡q hvq GK”QÎavix| wPivqZ
GB ev¯—eZvi j¶Y ÔjvjmvjyÕ Dcb¨v‡m Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB| Lv‡jK e¨vcvix MÖv‡gi †gvoj wKš‘ ag©xq cy‡ivwnZ gwR‡`i K_vq
†m cwiPvwjZ| gwR‡`i me K_v‡K Lv‡jK e¨vcvix mg_©b K‡i‡Qb, gwR‡`i me wm×vš— ev¯—evqb K‡i‡Qb wbwØ©avq|
Avgiv Av‡MB e‡jwQ: Lv‡jK e¨vcvix PwiÎwU wbwg©wZ‡Z ˆmq` IqvjxDj­vn& ev¯—eZv j•Nb K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ wZwb †Kb †mwU
K‡i‡Qb? G e¨vcv‡i mgv‡jvP‡Kiv GKgZ n‡Z cv‡ibwb| †KD †KD e‡j‡Qb, GwU wZwb K‡i‡Qb †mªd wk‡íi ZvwM‡`| ÔjvjmvjyÕ
Dcb¨v‡m gwR‡`i `vcU †`Lv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb wZwb, wKš‘ mvgvwRK ev¯—eZvi Kvi‡Y wZwb hw` Lv‡jK e¨vcvix‡K h_v_©fv‡e wbg©vY
K‡ib, Zvn‡j gwR` †MŠY n‡q co‡Zv| gwR`‡K m‡e©me©v wn‡m‡e wbg©vY Kivi wkí cwiKíbvi Ask wn‡m‡eB Lv‡jK e¨vcvix‡K
†MŠY K‡i A¼b Kivi cÖqvm| †KD †KD e‡j‡Qb, GwU †jL‡Ki AmZ©KZvcÖm~Z GKwU e¨vcvi, ZvB ¶gvn©| Zuviv GB hyw³ †`b
†h, ÔjvjmvjyÕ Dcb¨v‡m Lv‡jK e¨vcvix Øviv Avi †Kv‡bv PwiÎ `ye©j m„wó bq| Z…Zxq c‡¶i `vwe GB †h: ˆmq` IqvjxDj­vn& bMi
Rxe‡bi m‡½ Af¨¯—| Zuvi Rb¥, †e‡o IVv, cov‡jLv meB kn‡i| wZwb Zuvi Kg©Rxe‡bi cÖvq †ewkifvM mgq KvwU‡q‡Qb
we‡`‡k, wKš‘ cÖZ¨š— MÖvgxY evsjvi RbRxe‡bi m‡½ Zuvi †Kv‡bv cÖZ¨¶ AwfÁZv I mswk­óZv wQj bv| hvi cÖfve my¯úó n‡q
D‡V‡Q GB Dcb¨v‡m|
mvwnZ¨ mgv‡jvPbvq wewfbœ gZ _vK‡e GUvB ¯^vfvweK| Z‡e, Z…Zxq gZwUB Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q †ewk MÖnY‡hvM¨ e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡q‡Q|

ÔjvjmvjyÕ Dcb¨v‡m Av°vm Lye ¸i“Z¡c~Y©, m¤¢vebvgq GKwU PwiÎ| Z‡e Zvi m¤¢vebvi meUzKy Jcb¨vwmK Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb
Ggb g‡b nq bv| Dcb¨v‡mi gvSvgvwS ch©v‡q Avgiv Av°v‡mi Abyc‡Ö ek j¶ Kwi| Zvi m¤ú‡K© †ek wKQy Z_¨ †jLK Avgv‡`i
w`‡q‡Qb,
Ò†gv`v‡eŸi wgTvi †Q‡j Av°vm bvwK MÖv‡g GKUv ¯‹zj emv‡e| Av°vm we‡`‡k wQj eûw`b| Zvi Av‡M KwigM‡Ä ¯‹z‡j wb‡R
bvwK cov‡kvbv K‡i‡Q wKQy| Zici †Kv_vq cv‡Ui Avo‡Z bv Zvgv‡Ki Avo‡Z PvKzwi K‡i wKQy cqmv Rwg‡q †`‡k wd‡i‡Q †Kgb
GKUv jvU‡ejv‡U fve wb‡q |.......e‡j, ¯‹zj †`‡e| †Kv‡Ì‡K wk‡L G‡m‡Q ¯‹z‡j bv co‡j bvwK gymjgv‡bi cwiÎvY †bB| ......

লেকচার শীট লালসালু

 Dcb¨vm লালসালু
Av°vm hyw³Z‡K©i avi av‡i bv| †m Nyi‡Z jvM‡jv PiKxi g‡Zv| ¯‹z‡ji Rb¨ `¯‘ig‡Zv Puv`v †Zvjvi †Póv Pj‡Z jvM‡jv Ges
KwigM‡Ä wM‡q KvD‡K w`‡q GKUv †Rviv‡jv †Mv‡Qi Av‡e`bcÎ wjwL‡q G‡b †mUv wmav †m miKv‡ii Kv‡Q cvwV‡q w`j| K_v GB
†h, ¯‹z‡ji Rb¨ miKv‡ii Kv‡Q mvnvh¨ PvB|Ó
Av°vm m¤ú‡K© AviI A‡bK K_v Jcb¨vwmK Avgv‡`i e‡j‡Qb, AviI A‡bK `xN© eY©bv Dcb¨v‡m Av‡Q A_P GB PwiÎwU‡K wZwb
†kl ch©š— c~Y©fv‡e weKwkZ Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb, GUv Avgv‡`i g‡b nq bv| Zvi KviY GB †h, †h cÖej cÖZ¨qx ÔAv°vm ¯‹zj cÖwZôvi
Rb¨ GZ wKQy Ki‡Z cv‡i, †mB Av°vm ag©e¨emvqx gwR‡`i cu¨v‡P Nv‡qj n‡q wcVUvb †`‡e−GwU wek¦vm‡hvM¨ bq, we‡klZ †h
Av°vm IB Avg‡j ¯‹z‡j c‡o‡Q Ges eûKvj we‡`‡k KvwU‡q‡Q| gneŸZbM‡ii gvbyl‡K weåvš— Ki‡Z cvivUv mnR e¨vcvi,
wKš‘ ¯‹zj-co–qv, we‡`k †diZ Av°vm‡K bq| Ò†Zvgvi `uvwo KB wgTvÓ gwR‡`i GB K_vi cvjUv K_v †Kej bq, gwR` †h
wg_¨vi †emvwZ †du‡` e‡m‡Q Zv‡`i GjvKvq-GB ejvb: Ò-Zq ¯‹z‡ji K_vWv?Ó †Q‡ji DËi †jLK †`qv‡jb evevi gyL †_‡KB|
Ò− Pzc Ki Q¨vgov, †eËwg‡Ri g‡Zv K_v KBmbv|Ó Zvici Avgiv †`wL, ˆmq` IqvjxDj­vn& eY©bv w`‡”Qb,
ÒAv°vm Av‡¯— Av‡¯— D‡V Ni †_‡K †ewi‡q hvq| †KD †KD †`‡L bv| wKš‘ Zvi P‡j hvIqvUv Kv‡iv g‡b cÖkœ RvMvq bv|Ó
myZivs, Av°vm Pwi‡Îi g‡a¨ †h AwgZ m¤¢ebv wQj, ˆmq` IqvjxDj­vn& Zvi AwZ ¶z`ªvsk‡KB Kv‡R jvMv‡Z mg_© n‡q‡Qb|

Zvi †Kv‡bv bvg †bB| †m cwiwPZ n‡q‡Q Zvi cy‡Îi gvZv wn‡m‡e| Zvi evev-gv‡qiI GB GKB `kv−Zv‡ni-Kv‡`‡ii evc,
gv| mgv‡R wbðqB GB me gvby‡li bvg _v‡K wKš‘ mgvR Zv GKxf~Z K‡i †`q Zv‡`i mš—v‡bi bv‡gi g‡a¨| Z‡e j¶Yxq
e¨vcvi n‡jv GB †h, mgv‡Ri Ici Zjvq GwU N‡U bv, N‡U †Kej MÖvgxY wbgœweˇ`i g‡a¨| Lv‡jK e¨vcvixi wØZxq ¯¿x Zvby wewe
eQi eQi mš—vb Rb¥ w`‡qI Zvi bvg wKš‘ mš—v‡bi g‡a¨ wejxb n‡q hvq bv, bvg wejxb n‡q hvq nvmywbi gv‡qi|
Dcb¨v‡mi ïi“‡ZB Avgiv nvmywbi gv‡K †`wL mnR, mij, Abv_ GK cig`ywLbx bvix| evevi msmv‡i wbZ¨ Afve| evev-gv
mviv¶Y AK_¨ fvlvq SMov Ges gviwcU K‡i| we‡qI n‡qwQj Zvi| ¯^vgx gviv †M‡Q| k¦ïievwoi †jv‡Kiv Lye Lvic e‡j †mLv‡bI
†m †h‡Z Pvq bv| A_P †c‡U Zvi ¶zav| ¶zav †Zv Zvi GKvi bq, mv‡_ Av‡Q Zvi wkïcyÎ nvmywb| †m hv‡e †Kv_vq? evevi evwo‡Z
fvZ †bB, k¦ïi evwo‡Z VuvB †bB, †Kv_vq †m hv‡e?
nvmywbi gvi KvR wgj‡jv gwR‡`i evwo‡ZB| iwngv‡K †m Lye AvcbRb e‡jB g‡b K‡i| ZvB gyL dz‡U Zvi K‡ói K_v¸‡jv
e‡j| iwngvi Kv‡Q| †m e‡j, ÒAvgvi AvwR©− Gbv‡i KB‡eb Avgvi †hb gIZ nq|..... R¡vjv Avi mn¨ nq bv eyey| Avj­vn †hb
Avgv‡i mZ¡i `ywbqv w_Kv jBqv hvq|Ó nvmywbi gvi cÖwZ gwR‡`i Avw`g Av‡eM, Kvgbv-evmbv Ges Zvi cÖKvk wn‡m‡e kvwo
Dcnvi, hv wKbv iwngv eyS‡Z cv‡i, nvmywbi gvI eyS‡Z cv‡i wKš‘ †KD †Kv‡bv cÖwZev` K‡i bv− Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| ¯§iYvZxZ
Kvj †_‡KB evOvwj bvix‡K msmvi Ki‡Z n‡j mn¨ Ki‡Z nq; Avgiv †`wL, iwngv mn¨ K‡i‡Q, nvmywbi gv-I me ey‡S bv †evSvi
fvb K‡i gwR‡`i evwo‡ZB `vwme„wË K‡i hv‡”Q− bv Ki‡j Lv‡e Kx?

লেকচার শীট লালসালু

 Dcb¨vm লালসালু
Z‡e wK nvmywbi gv cwic~Y©fv‡eB GKwU `ytLev`x PwiÎ? hZB †m wb‡Ri g„Zz¨ Kvgbv Ki“K, `~‡ii avb †¶‡Zi ZvRv is nvmywbi
gv‡qi g‡b cyjyK RvMvq| cv‡ki evwoi †Zj PKP‡K †Rvqvb Kv‡jv †Q‡jUv‡K wbKv Kivi Rb¨ Zvi gb AvbPvb K‡i| ˆmq`
IqvjxDj­vn& †h PwiÎ m„wó K‡i‡Qb gvby‡li ewnR©Mr I Zvi Aš—R©M‡Zi mgš^‡q− nvmywbi gv Zvi eo GKwU `„óvš—|

লেকচার শীট লালসালু

 Dcb¨vm লালসালু

• a‡g©i cÖwZ gvby‡li mnRvZ `ye©jZvi ¯^i~c|

• Aw¯—Z¡‡K wUwK‡q ivLvi cÖwZ gvby‡li wPiš—b cÖeYZv e¨vL¨v|
• mvgvwRK gvby‡li AvwacZ¨Kvgx gvbwmKZvi ¯^i~c|
• mvgvwRK ¯^v‡_©i Ici e¨w³¯^v‡_©i cÖfve we‡k­lY|
• cyi“lZvwš¿K mgv‡R bvixi cÖwZ Ae‡njv I wbh©vZ‡bi ¯^i~c|
• MÖvgxY K…wlRxex mgv‡Ri RxebwP‡Îi ¯^i~c A¼b|
• Dcb¨v‡m wPwÎZ gvby‡li Awk¶v, AÁZv I AÜwek¦v‡mi ¯^i~c|
• cðvrc` MÖvgxY mgv‡Ri wPwKrmv c×wZi ixwZbxwZ|
• gvby‡li AÁZvi my‡hvM wb‡q ag©‡K nvwZqvi wn‡m‡e e¨env‡ii gvbwmKZv wePvi|

• cÖ_g cÖKvkKvj 1948|

• ‡jLK: ˆmq` IqvjxDjøvn|
• jvjmvjy mvgvwRK mgm¨vg~jK Dcb¨vm|
• ‡K›`ªxq PwiÎ gwR`|
• Dcb¨v‡mi cÖavb Dcv`vb mgvR ev¯ÍeZv|
• Dcb¨v‡m ewY©Z MÖvg- gneŸZbMi|
• emev‡mi Rb¨ gwR‡`i 4wU Ni|
• gvRviwU gwR‡`i kw³i gyj|
• gwR‡`i `yB eD‡qi bvg - iwngv, Rwgjv|
• Lv‡jK e¨vcvixi `yB eD‡qi bvg - Av‡gbv I Zvbywewe|
• MÖv‡gi wkwÿZ †Q‡j Av°vm wgqv|
• eo cxi G‡m‡Q - AvIqvjcy‡i|
• BDwbqb †ev‡W©i cÖavb- gZjye Lvu|

লেকচার শীট লালসালু

 Dcb¨vm লালসালু

ধর্ -ম বিশ্বাসকে পবুঁ ি েকে ধর্ ব্য

ম িসা
ম িসায়ী ও প্রগবিশীল িরুকেে চেিনাে দ্বন্দ্বZv
ধর্ ব্য
ম িসায়ীে োি েকর্ ম প্রবিিাদী চেিনা
ভন্ড ধর্ ব্য
বেকশাকেে দুেন্তপনা দর্ন েোয় ধকর্ েম অপব্যিহাে
চনায়াখাjx অঞ্চকলে শস্যহীনিা, দবেদ্রZv, অভাি
শােীবেে পবেশ্রকর্ে পবেিকিম ধর্ কম ে আেকে ধকে evuPvi চেষ্টা
র্বিকদে বনিস্ব দশমন গ্রার্িাসীে উপে োবপকয় চদওয়া

স্বার্ীভক্ত সনািন গ্রার্ীে িাঙাবল নােী

গ্রার্াঞ্চকল বনিঃসন্তান হওয়াে দায়ভাে োপাকনা হয় নােীে উপে
আক্কাকসে প্রগবিশীল চেিনা
নােীে প্রবি হীনর্ন্যিা ও নােীকদে চভাকগে সার্গ্রী র্কন েো
িয়স্ক পরুষ†`i wK‡kvix চর্কয়কদে বিকয় েোে প্রিেিা
শস্যহীন িনিহুল অঞ্চকল চেন চপৌছাকনাে পেিিী অিস্থা
িবর্ে প্রবি বনবিে ভাকলািাসা
এোবেকেে, বনিঃসঙ্গিাে হাহাোকে বনকিে আশ্রয়স্থকলে অবিে সম্পকেম র্বিকদে ভিনা

িাবর্লাে িাল্যবিিাহ ও পবেিাকেে বনয়র্োনুন চর্কন না েলা

েবহর্াে ধর্ ম ন্যায় পোয়েিা
বনিঃসন্তান প্রথর্ স্ত্রীে র্কি বদ্বিীয় স্ত্রী ঘকে আনা
পীে সাকহকিে আগর্কন র্বিকদে ঈষ মাবিি হওয়া
ধলা বর্ঞাে আওয়ালপকে পাবন পো আনকি যাওয়াে ব্যাখ্যা
আওয়ালপকেে পীকেে সাকথ র্বিকদে দ্বন্দ্ব
িবর্লাকে শাবি চদওয়াে পে র্বিকদে র্কনাভাি

লেকচার শীট লালসালু

 Dcb¨vm লালসালু
িবর্লাে উচ্চস্বকে হাবসে োেকে র্বিদ েতৃে frm©bv
িবর্লাে প্রবিিাকদ হিবুবি ও অসহায় র্বিদ
খাকলে ব্যাপােীে বনিঃসন্তান স্ত্রী চেকখ বদ্বিীয় বিকয় েো

Abykxj‡bi Rb¨ m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœvËi

IqvwmKv MÖv‡gi GK `yiš— †g‡q| eÜz‡`i m‡½ Qy‡UvQywU Kiv, Aev‡a muvZvi KvUv Zvi Avb‡›`i KvR| Zvi evev Afv‡ei Zvobvq
IqvwmKv‡K cv‡ki MÖv‡gi GK ey‡ov †jv‡Ki mv‡_ we‡q w`‡q w`‡jb| †jvKwU MÖv‡gi gvZeŸi| Zv‡K mevB GKveŸi gywÝ e‡j
Wv‡K| gywÝi K_v MÖv‡gi mevB gvb‡jI PÂj I ¯^vaxb‡PZv IqvwmKv Zvi K_v gv‡b bv|
K. ajv wgqv †Kgb ai‡bi gvbyl wQj? 1
L. Ôm‡Rv‡i bo‡Z _vKv cvLvUvi cv‡b ZvwK‡q †m g~wZ©er e‡m _v‡KÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. IqvwmKv ÔjvjmvjyÕ Dcb¨v‡mi Rwgjvi m‡½ mv`„k¨c~Y−© e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki GKveŸi gywÝ ÔjvjmvjyÕ Dcb¨v‡mi gwR` Pwi‡Îi mvgwMÖK w`K aviY K‡iwb− g~j¨vqb Ki| 4

P Ávbg~jK
ajv wgqv wb‡e©va Ges Ajm cÖK…wZi gvbyl wQj|
Q Abyaveb
cÖ‡kœv³ evK¨wU Øviv AcgvwbZ, Cl©vKvZi gwR‡`i wbwj©ß fv‡ei K_v †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
AvIqvjcyi MÖv‡g bZzb GK cx‡ii Avwef©ve N‡U| †m MÖvg ZLb †jv‡K †jvKviY¨| cx‡ii KxwZ©Kjvc †`L‡Z gwR`I †mLv‡b hvq
wKš‘ †eu‡U nIqvi Kvi‡Y †m cx‡ii gyL †`L‡Z cvq bv, ïay cvLv bvov‡bv †`‡L| mevB cxi‡K wb‡q e¨¯—, gwR`‡K †KD mgxn
K‡i bv; GgbwK Zv‡K hviv †P‡b ZvivI bv| G‡Z gwR` Acgvb †eva K‡i| Iciš‘ hLb gZjye wgqv cx‡ii ¸Yv¸Y e¨vL¨v K‡i
Ges Zv ï‡b †jvKRb WyK‡i †Ku‡` I‡V ZLb gwR` m‡Rv‡i bo‡Z _vKv cvLvUvi cv‡b ZvwK‡q gywZ©er n‡q e‡m _v‡K|
R cÖ‡qvM
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DÏxc‡K †`Lv hvq IqvwmKv bv‡gi `yiš— GK wK‡kvixi ¯^cœvjy Rxeb‡K `vwi`ª¨ Ges bvixi cÖwZ †bwZevPK `„wófw½ Øviv Kxfv‡e
aŸsm Kiv n‡q‡Q| †m eÜz‡`i mv‡_ †QvUvQywU KiZ, Avb›`dzwZ© KiZ, A_P Zv‡K we‡q †`Iqv nq GK e„‡×i mv‡_, hv IqvwmKv
wKQy‡ZB †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡i bv| MÖv‡gi †jvKRb Zvi ¯^vgx‡K gvb‡jI IqvwmKv Zvi K_v gv‡b bv| GgbB GKwU PwiÎ ÔjvjmvjyÕ
Dcb¨v‡mi Rwgjv| †mI `yiš— wK‡kvix| wKš‘ bvix‡jvjyc fÊcxi gwR‡`i jvjmvi wkKvi n‡q Zv‡K we‡q Ki‡Z eva¨ nq|
MÖv‡gi mevB gwR`‡K fq-fw³ Ki‡jI Rwgjv fq cvq bv| cÖvqB Zvi K_vi Aeva¨ nq| Dfq Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ GLv‡bB|
S D”PZi `¶Zvg~jK
DÏxc‡Ki GKveŸi gywÝ ÔjvjmvjyÕ Dcb¨v‡mi gwR` Pwi‡Îi mvgwMÖK w`K aviY K‡iwb| gš—e¨wU h_v_©|
mgv‡R Ggb wKQy gvbyl evm K‡i hviv Zv‡`i ¯^v_© D×v‡ii Rb¨ †h‡Kv‡bv nxb KvR Ki‡Z wØav‡eva K‡i bv| cÖ‡qvR‡b Zviv
ag©‡KI wb‡R‡i ¯^v‡_© e¨envi K‡i| G ai‡bi gvby‡li Dcw¯’wZ Ges Kg©Kv‡Êi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i mgvR Z_v RxebhvÎv GZUv
wcwQ‡q|

লেকচার শীট লালসালু

 Dcb¨vm লালসালু
ÔjvjmvjyÕ Dcb¨v‡m ÔgwR`Õ PwiÎwUi gva¨‡g mgv‡Ri gy‡Lvkavix Ges a‡g©i bv‡g e¨emv Kiv gvby‡li wPÎ Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|
gwR` GKRb fÊ, wg_¨vev`x, bvix‡jvjyc, nxb‡PZv gvby‡li cÖwZg~wZ©| †m wb‡Ri ¯^v_© D×v‡ii Rb¨ cv‡i bv Ggb †Kv‡bv KvR
†bB| wb‡Ri cÖ‡qvR‡b †m ag© Ges gvby‡li ag©wek¦vm‡K Kv‡R jvMvq| †m GKK_vq eûgyLx †bwZevPK Pwi‡Îi AwaKvix|
Aciw`‡K DÏxcwU‡Z GKveŸi gywÝ ïay gwR` Pwi‡Îi bvixi cÖwZ `ye©jZv I ¶gZvkvjx fvewU Zz‡j ai‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Q|
DÏxc‡Ki GKveŸi gywÝ MÖv‡gi gvZeŸi| mevB Zv‡K gvb¨ K‡i| Zvi K_v Abyhvqx MÖv‡gi A‡bK wKQy wba©vwiZ nq| wKš‘ †m
we‡q K‡i Zvi †g‡qi eqmx IqvwmKv‡K, hv ÔjvjmvjyÕ Dcb¨v‡m gwR‡`i Rwgjv‡K we‡q Kivi welqwU g‡b Kwi‡q †`q| GB
GKwU ˆewkó¨ Qvov GKveŸi gywÝ PwiÎ Dcb¨v‡mi gwR` Pwi‡Îi Ab¨ †Kv‡bv ˆewkó¨‡K aviY K‡iwb| ZvB ejv hvq, cÖ‡kœi
gš—e¨ h_v_©|

gwdR Avjxi †Kv‡bv w¯’i †ckv wQj bv| Zvi evev AviR Avjx f~wgnxb K…lK wQj| †Q‡j‡K wZwb K‡j‡R cov‡bvi Rb¨ XvKvq
cvwV‡qwQ‡jb| XvKvq wM‡q gwdR cov‡jLv ev` w`‡q evg ivRbxwZi m‡½ hy³ n‡q c‡o| K_vq K_vq e‡j Avj­vn e‡j †KD †bB|
GK mgq Zvi evev UvKv †`Iqv eÜ K‡i †`q| †`L‡Z †`L‡Z Zvi PvKwii eqmI †kl n‡q hvq| Zvici †m wd‡i Av‡m Zvi
MÖv‡g| gwdR Avjxi eZ©gvb bvg nhiZ kvn mydx gdxR Avjx dwi`cyix (i)| Kv‡gj cxi wn‡m‡e Zvi L¨vwZ GLbI †`k †Rvov|
K. ˆmq` IqvjxDj­vn& KZ mv‡j Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib? 1
L. ÔZvB Zviv †Qv‡U, †Qv‡U|Õ †Kb †Qv‡U? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki gwdR Avjxi mv‡_ gwR‡`i Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbv Ki| 3
N. ˆmq` IqvjxDj­vn& ÔjvjmvjyÕ Dcb¨v‡m gwR` Pwi‡Îi ga¨ w`‡q Kx dzwU‡q Zzj‡Z †P‡q‡Qb Zv e¨vL¨v 4
Ki|

P Ávbg~jK
ˆmq` IqvjxDj­vn& 1922 mv‡ji 15 AvM÷ Zvwi‡L Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|
Q Abyaveb
Afv‡ei Zvobv †_‡K gvbyl †Qv‡U|
km¨nxb Rbeûj GjvKv| N‡i Lvevi †bB| fvMvfvwM, jyUZivR Avi ¯’vb we‡k‡l LybLvivweI P‡j| wKš‘ Zv‡ZI Kzjvq bv|
Afve †hb Zv‡`i‡K Qvqvi g‡Zv me mgq wN‡i _v‡K, ivûi g‡Zv Zv‡`i‡K MÖvm Ki‡Z Pvq| wKš‘ gvbyl †h ÔAg„Zm¨ cyÎvtÕ
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Avkvq fi K‡i km¨nxb Rbc‡`i gvbyl †Qv‡U, wbiš—i Qy‡U P‡j| ˆmq` IqvjxDj­vn&i ÔjvjmvjyÕ Dcb¨v‡m gwR` GgbB GK
fvM¨v‡š^lYx Avkvev`x gvbyl|
R cÖ‡qvM
DÏxc‡Ki gwdR Avjx Ges ÔjvjmvjyÕ Dcb¨v‡mi gwR` Pwi‡Î wgj I Awgj `ywU w`KB j¶ Kiv hvq| wg‡ji g‡a¨ `yRbB ag©‡K
cywu R K‡i wb‡R‡`i ¯^v_© nvwmj K‡i‡Q| `yRbB Rv‡b MÖv‡gi gvbyl nq ag©vÜ, bZzbv ag©fxi“ A_ev ag©cÖvY wKš‘ ag©‡K gy³`„wó‡Z
†`Levi gvbyl †mLv‡b Kg| gvby‡li gv‡S cvc I ciKv‡ji fq XywK‡q w`‡q gwR` I gwdR `yR‡bB wb‡R‡`i Av‡Li fv‡jvB
¸wQ‡q wb‡qwQj|
DÏxc‡Ki gwdR Avjxi mv‡_ ÔjvjmvjyÕ Dcb¨v‡mi gwR‡`i AwgjI Kg bq| Lye †Lqvj Ki‡j ¯úó n‡e †h gwdR Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e
A‡bK †ewk fÊ, kV, cÖeÂK, cÖZviK| Mv‡iv cvnv‡o gwR` A‡bK Kó K‡i Rxeb AwZevwnZ K‡i‡Q| hLb †m Avi cviwQj
bv, ZLbB †m wfbœ c_ †e‡Q †bqÑAvgiv ej‡Z cvwi, wfbœ c_ †e‡Q wb‡Z eva¨ nq| Mv‡iv cvnv‡o †h Rxeb I RxweKvi mv‡_
gwR` mswk­ó wQj, Zv hw` myL`vqK bv n‡jI Aš—Z mnbxqI n‡Zv, Zvn‡j gwR` m¤¢eZ fÊvwgi Avkªq wb‡Zv bv| Rxeb Zvi
Kv‡Q Amnbxq n‡q D‡VwQj e‡jB †m fÊvwgi Avkªq †bq|

লেকচার শীট লালসালু

 Dcb¨vm লালসালু
DÏxc‡Ki gwdR Avcv`g¯—K fÊ, BZi, kV, cÖeÂK| XvKvq wM‡q evg ivRbxwZi m‡½ Rwo‡q c‡o Auv‡Zj e‡b hvIqv K…lKcyÎ
gwdR GK`v Avj­vn †Lv`vi Aw¯—‡ZB wek¦vm Ki‡Zv bv, †mB gwdRB PvKwii eqm dzwi‡q hvIqvi Kvi‡Y Avi †Kv‡bv Dcvq bv
†`‡L MÖv‡g P‡j Av‡m Ges cxi †m‡R e‡m| bvg e`‡j iv‡L nhiZ kvn mydx gdxR Avjx dwi`cyix (it)| fÊvwg Avi Kv‡K e‡j!
ÔjvjmvjyÕi gwR‡`i cÖwZ cvV‡Ki Ki“Yv RvM‡jI RvM‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ DÏxc‡Ki gwdR Avjxi cÖwZ †h N„Yv Rv‡MÑ G‡Z †Kv‡bv
m‡›`n †bB|
S D”PZi `¶Zvg~jK
ˆmq` IqvjxDj­vn& ÔjvjmvjyÕ Dcb¨v‡m gwR` Pwi‡Îi ga¨ w`‡q gvby‡li Aw¯—‡Z¡i m¼U‡K Av_©-mvgvwRK †cÖ¶vc‡U dzwU‡q
†Zvjvi †Póv K‡i‡Qb|
Aw¯—Z¡ev`x K_vwkíx wn‡m‡e evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ Zuvi Avmb A‡bK Ic‡i| wZwb j¶ K‡iwQ‡jb, gvbyl A_©kvwmZ mgv‡Ri m„wó n‡jI
†m g~jZ Ave× _v‡K Zvi wb‡RiB †`qv‡j| Aw¯—‡Z¡i R‡b¨ gvbyl KLbI †`qvj †f‡O †ewi‡q c‡o Avevi wb‡RB Rwo‡q c‡o
¯^qsm„ó bZzb †Kv‡bv †`qv‡j| Aw¯—Z¡ev`x K_vwkíx ˆmq` IqvjxDj­vn& gwR` PwiÎwUi †fZi w`‡q gvbePwi‡Îi wPiš—b GB
ˆewk‡ó¨i w`‡K Bw½Z K‡i‡Qb|
gwR` AfveMÖ¯— Rbc‡`i evwm›`v| Rxeb-RxweKvi ZvwM‡`B †m GK`v Qy‡U †ei n‡qwQj Mv‡iv cvnv‡oi †Kv‡bv A‡j| Rxeb
†mLv‡b KwVb _vKvi Kvi‡Y †m bvUKxqfv‡e gneŸZbMi MÖv‡g cÖ‡ek K‡iÑ ejv hvq cvwj‡q P‡j Av‡m| gneŸZbM‡ii
ag©fxi“ gvbyl‡`i ekxf~Z K‡i, †gv`v‡”Qi cx‡ii gvRv‡ii Avov‡j †mB e‡b hvq me©gq ¶gZvi AwaKvix; GgbwK MÖv‡gi †gvoj
Lv‡jK e¨vcvixI Zvi KivqË| gwR‡`i Ni-evwo n‡jv, Rwg-Rgv n‡jv, cQ›`g‡Zv we‡qI K‡i †m| cvk¦©eZ©x MÖvg AvIqvjcy‡i
Av‡iK cxi mv‡n‡ei Avg`vwb NU‡j †m nwU‡q †`q; AvaywbK hyeK Av°v‡mi ¯‹zj cÖwZôvi D‡`¨vMI †m cÊ K‡i †`q my‡KŠk‡j|
ejvevûj¨, wb‡Ri Aw¯—‡Z¡i m¼U‡K A‡bK Av‡MB KvwU‡q D‡VwQj gwR`, †f‡OwQj wb‡Ri †`qvj wKš‘ †m Gevi A‡b¨i Aw¯—
‡Z¡i R‡b¨ ûgwK n‡q D‡V Rwgjv‡K we‡q K‡i| GwU gwR‡`i wØZxq ce©, ejv hvq, wb‡RB Rwo‡q c‡o ¯^qsm„ó †`qv‡j| cÖ_g
c‡e© †h gwR` Kzkjx †mbvcwZ, wØZxq c‡e© †m gwR`‡KB cvIqv hvq civwRZ ˆmwb‡Ki †e‡k| †Mvôxe× mgv‡R gvby‡li GB i~c
I i~cvš—i gwR‡`i g‡a¨ eû‡KŠwYKfv‡e i~cvwqZ n‡q‡Q|

Kv‡kg gywÝ gmwR‡`i gyqvw¾b wn‡m‡e hLb PvKwi wb‡qwQj c‡b‡iv eQi Av‡M, ZLbI †m we‡q K‡iwb| B‡Zvg‡a¨ †m we‡q
K‡i‡Q, wZb Kb¨v Ges `ywU cy‡Îi wcZv n‡q‡Q wKš‘ †eZb †e‡o gvÎ `yB nvRvi UvKv n‡q‡Q| mvgvb¨ UvKvq Zvi msmvi P‡j
bv| Kv‡kg gywÝ ZvB evowZ Av‡qi R‡b¨ Mwie gvbyl‡K ÔcvwbcovÕ †`q, hw`I †m Rv‡b G‡Z †Kv‡bv KvR nq bv Ges GUv
A‰bmjvwgK KvR; Zey †m GUv K‡i| KvRUv Ki‡Z Zvi Lvivc jv‡M, Zey †m K‡i|
K. gZjye Luv †K? 1
L. ÔgwR` aiv-†Quvqvi evB‡i| †hvMm~Î n‡”Q iwngv|ÕÑ †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Kv‡kg gywÝ PwiÎwUi mv‡_ gwR` Pwi‡Îi wgj-Awgj †Kv_vq? 3
N. ÔjvjmvjyÕ Dcb¨vm cvV K‡i gwR` PwiÎwU m¤ú‡K© †Zvgvi wK ai‡bi cÖwZwµqv †R‡M‡Q? 4

P Ávbg~jK
gZjye Luv n‡”Q BDwbqb †ev‡W©i †cÖwm‡W›U|
Q Abyaveb
ÔgwR` aiv-†Quvqvi evB‡i| †hvMm~Î n‡”Q iwngv|ÕÑ K_vwU w`‡q gneŸZbMi MÖv‡gi bvixmgv‡R iwngvi ¸i“Z¡ †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
gwR` cyil“ | Bmjv‡g bvix-cyi“‡li g‡a¨ c`©vcÖ_v kwiqZm¤§Z| gwR` GwU †g‡b P‡j| gneŸZbMi MÖv‡gi Ges Avkcv‡ki MÖv‡gi
gvbyl Zvi Kv‡Q hLb ZLb Qy‡U Avm‡Z cv‡i, Rvb‡Z cv‡i wKš‘ bvixmgvR gwR‡`i mvg‡b PvB‡jB Qy‡U Avm‡Z cv‡i bv|
cÖKw… ZMZ Kvi‡YB bvixi Av‡eM †ewk Ges Zv cÖKvk Kivi ZvobvI cÖej wKš‘ gneŸZbMi MÖv‡g bvixi Av‡eM cwiùzU‡bi †Kv‡bv
mivmwi c_ †bB, gwR‡`i Kv‡Q †cuŠQvevi mivmwi c_ †bB, †hvMm~Î n‡”Q iwngv| gneŸZbMi MÖv‡g iwngvi K`iI Kg bq|

লেকচার শীট লালসালু

 Dcb¨vm লালসালু
gwR‡`i ¯¿x wn‡m‡e Zvi ¸i“Z¡ I m¤§vb mgv‡R ¯^xK…Z| gwR` hw` †gv`v‡”Qi cx‡ii gvRv‡ii Lv‡`g n‡q _v‡K Zvn‡j iwngv
n‡”Q Zvi Av`k© †mweKv|
R cÖ‡qvM
DÏxc‡Ki Kv‡kg gywÝ PwiÎwUi mv‡_ ÔjvjmvjyÕ Dcb¨v‡mi gwR` PwiÎwUi wgj Ges Awgj `ywU w`KB j¶ Kiv hv‡e|
cÖ_‡g wg‡ji w`K Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e c‡i `„wócvZ Kiv n‡e Awg‡ji RvqMvq| wgj GB †h, `yRbB ag©‡K cywu R K‡i Rxeb wbe©vn
Kivi c_ †e‡Q wb‡q‡Q| gwR` gneŸZbMi MÖv‡gi gvbyl‡K nv‡Zi gy‡Vvq e›`x K‡i‡Q a‡g©i †`vnvB w`‡q, Z_vKw_Z †gv`v‡”Qi
cx‡ii gvRvi jvjmvjy-Kvco w`‡q †X‡K w`‡q‡Q mgv‡Ri †PvL-Kvb-gyL| Kv‡kg gywÝI cvwbcov w`‡q Zvi mvsmvwiK e¨q wbe©vn
K‡i| `yRbB ag© e¨emvqx; MÖv‡gi mnR mij gvby‡li mijZvi my‡hvM wb‡q Zviv cÖZviYvi duv` †c‡Z e‡m‡Q|
Gevi `„wócvZ Kiv hvK Awg‡ji †¶Î¸‡jvq| gwR` GKUv ch©vq ch©š— Kv‡kg gywÝi g‡ZvB MY¨, hLb †m Aw¯—‡Z¡i m¼‡U
c‡o Mv‡iv cvnvo †_‡K gneŸZbMi MÖv‡g P‡j Av‡m| wKš‘ MÖv‡g †m hLb evovevwo ïi“ K‡i †`q, ZLb †m Avi DÏxc‡Ki Kv‡kg
gywÝ GK iKg ag© e¨emvqx _v‡K bv| Kv‡kg gyw݇K cvVK ggZv, Ki“Yvi †Pv‡L †`L‡Z cv‡i Avevi bvI †`L‡Z cv‡i
wKš‘ gwR`‡K †`‡L Avcv`g¯—K fÊ wn‡m‡eB| Kv‡kg gywÝi cvwbcov w`‡Z Lvivc jv‡M, †m Rv‡b †h GUv A‰bmjvwgK KvR,
Zey †eu‡P _vKvi ZvwM‡` Zv‡K KvRUv Ki‡ZB nq| wKš‘ gwR‡`i †m cÖ‡qvRb wQj bv| A_©‰bwZK cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z Kv‡kg gywÝ
nq‡Zv mgv‡jvwPZ n‡Z cv‡i wKš‘ gwR` Awemsevw`Zfv‡e bxP, BZi|
S D”PZi `¶Zvg~jK
ˆmq` IqvjxDj­vn& GKRb Aw¯—Z¡ev`x K_vwkíx| gvby‡li Aw¯—‡Z¡i m¼U Ges Zv DËxY© n‡q Ab¨‡K m¼‡U †djvi †h avivevwnK
ˆRe cÖe„wË gvby‡li g‡a¨ cÖengvb, gwR` PwiÎwUi ga¨ w`‡q wZwb Zv PgrKvifv‡e †`Lv‡bvi †Póv K‡i‡Qb| ZvB ÔjvjmvjyÕ
Dcb¨vmwU cvV Kivi mgq gwR` PwiÎwU m¤ú‡K© Avgvi aviYv GK RvqMvq w¯’i _v‡K wb eis Zv evievi e`j n‡q‡Q|
gwR` m¤ú‡K© Avgvi PviwU cÖwZwµqv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g cÖwZwµqvwU n‡”Q : Ki“Yv| gwR` hLb Mv‡iv cvnv‡o gvb‡eZi Rxebhvcb
Ki‡Zv, Rxe‡bi m‡½ jovB Ki‡Z Ki‡Z †m hLb chy©`¯—, K¬vš—, civwRZ ˆmwbKÑZLb Zvi R‡b¨ Avgvi ixwZg‡Zv Ki“Yv
n‡jv| GwU Dcb¨v‡mi GK`g cÖ_g ch©vq|
Dcb¨v‡mi gvSvgvwS ch©v‡q Zvi cÖwZ cÖej N„Yv Rv‡M hLb †m Zvi fÊvwg w`‡q †MvUv GjvKv KivqË K‡i †d‡j, Rwgjvi g‡Zv
GKwU wK‡kvix †g‡q‡K we‡q K‡i Zvi Ici AgvbywlK kvixwiK I gvbwmK wbh©vZb ïi“ K‡i| euvafv½v N„Yvq Avwg D‡Øj nB
gwR` bvgK GB ag© e¨emvqxi Ici|
Dcb¨v‡mi †k‡l gwR‡`i cÖwZ Avgvi cÖej weZ…òv Rv‡M, Zvi AmnvqZv Avwg Dc‡fvM Kwi| wK‡kvix ea~ Rwgjv‡K †Kv‡bv fv‡eB
ev‡M Avb‡Z bv †c‡i iYK¬vš—, civwRZ, weaŸ¯— gwR` Zvi cÖ_gv ¯¿x iwngv‡K hLb e‡j, Òwewe Kv‡i weqv Kijvg? Zzwg Kx
e`‡`vqv w`wQjv wb?Ó ZLb Avwg ixwZg‡Zv Dc‡fvM Kwi Ges Avgvi AvZ¥Z…wß P~ovš— ch©v‡q I‡V hLb Zvi AbyMZ cÖ_g ¯¿x
iwngvI Zvi Aeva¨ n‡q wbwj©ß K‡É e‡j, Òavb w`‡q Kx nBe, gvby‡li Rvb hw` bv _v‡K? Avc‡b I‡i wbqv Av‡mb wfZ‡i|Ó

weaev, wbtmš—vb RqZzb †eM‡gi msmvi Avi PjwQj bv| GKw`b gvSiv‡Z wZwb wPrKvi K‡i Nyg †_‡K †R‡M DV‡jb Ges
Zvici †_‡KB Zvi me AvPiY A¯^vfvweK| `qvivgcyi MÖv‡gi gvbyl ejvewj Ki‡Q, ¯^‡cœ wZwb GK eyRyM© e¨w³i Kvwgqvwe nvwmj
K‡i‡Qb| mevB Zvi Kv‡Q cvwbcov Avb‡Z hvq| RqZzb †eM‡gi Avq †ivRMvi gvkvj­v g›` bq|
K. ÔmvjyÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? 1
L. nvmywbi gv wØZxq we‡q Ki‡Z AbvMÖnx †Kb? 2
M. gwR` Ges DÏxc‡Ki RqZzb †eM‡gi Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbv Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki Dwj­wLZ RqZzb †eMg PwiÎwU we‡k­lY Ki| 4

P Ávbg~jK
ÔmvjyÕ k‡ãi A_© jvj i‡Oi Kvco|

লেকচার শীট লালসালু

 Dcb¨vm লালসালু
Q Abyaveb
nvmywbi gvi wØZxq we‡q‡Z AbvMÖnx _vKvi KviY wewPÎ| Zvi `v¤úZ¨ Rxe‡bi e¨w³MZ AwfÁZvwU wbðqB LyeB wZ³ wQjÑ
`vwi`ª¨jvwÃZ, myweavewÂZ, Awkw¶Z mgv‡R †hgbwU n‡q _v‡K|
¯^vgxi ¯¿xwU‡K GKwU cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖvYx wn‡m‡eB N‡i Av‡m Ges Zv‡K w`‡q †lvj Avbv LvwU‡q †bq| Kv‡R K‡g© GKUz Gw`K
†mw`K NU‡jB AgvbywlK wbh©vZbÑgvbwmK †Zv e‡UB, A‡bK mgq kvixwiKfv‡eI| k¦ïievwoi gvbyl‡`i m¤ú‡K© nvmywbi
gv‡qi e³e¨ : ÒAiv gywbwl¨ bv|Ó iwngv hLb Zv‡K wRÁvmv K‡i, †m Avevi we‡q Ki‡e wKbv, †m ZLb e‡j, Òw`‡j Pvq bv
eyey|Ó Zvi e„× evev-gv mvivw`b †hfv‡e AK_¨ fvlvq SMovSvwU K‡i, Zv-I nvmywbi gvi g‡b we‡q m¤ú‡K© †bwZevPK
aviYv m„wó K‡i‡Q|
R cÖ‡qvM
ˆmq` IqvjxDj­vn&i ÔjvjmvjyÕ Dcb¨v‡mi gwR` Ges DÏxc‡Ki RqZzb †eMg PwiÎ `ywUi g‡a¨ Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbv Ki‡j
Avgiv wgj Ges Awgj `ywU w`KB †`L‡ev| cÖ_‡g Avgiv wg‡ji w`‡K `„wócvZ Ki‡Z PvB, c‡i Awgj Ask Av‡jvKcvZ
Ki‡ev| wg‡ji K_v hw` ej‡Z nq, Zvn‡j ej‡Z n‡e, `yRbB ag© e¨emvqx| gwR` Ges RqZzb †eMgÑ `yRbB Awkw¶Z
gvby‡li mijZvi my‡hvM wb‡q Zv‡`i Kg©KvÊ Pvwj‡q †M‡Q| gwR` Avq‡Ë G‡b‡Q gneŸZbMi MÖv‡gi gvbyl‡`i| GB KvRUv
†m K‡i‡Q my‡KŠk‡j, ax‡i ax‡i| Aciw`‡K RqZzb †eMg wbqš¿‡Y G‡b‡Q `qvivgcyi MÖv‡gi ag©cÖvY gvbyl‡`i| wg‡ji
g‡a¨ `yRbB ag©Rxex Ges Zv‡`i DÌvb n‡q‡Q bvUKxqfv‡e|
Awg‡ji K_v Avm‡j cÖ_‡gB †h w`KwU ¯úó n‡q D‡V, †mUv n‡jv gwR‡`i µgea©gvb †jvjycZvi cv‡k RqZzb †eM‡gi Amnvq
i~cwU| gwR` ¯úóZB wbcxoK, kV, cÖeÂK, cÖZviK, †Rv”Pi, evUcvi, j¤úU, D‡Ïk¨evR, µ‚i, KzwUj, wnsmªÑ Ges †mB
m‡½ ag© e¨emvqx| wKš‘ RqZzb †KejB ag© e¨emvqxÑ Avi wKQy bq| gneŸZbMi MÖv‡g _vKv LvIqvi cvKv e‡›`ve¯— n‡q
hvIqvi c‡iI gwR` ¶vš— nqwb eis Zvi e¨emvq AviI e„w× Kxfv‡e Kiv hvq, †mUv wb‡q cÖwZwbqZ wPš—vfvebv K‡i‡Q,
cÖwZØw›Ø‡`i `gb K‡i‡Q|
▪ AvIqvjcy‡ii cxi, Av°vm Zvi wgÎc¶ wQj bv †m jovB K‡i‡Q `y`©vš—fv‡e hw`I †k‡l Rwgjv I iwngvi Kv‡QB Zvi
†kvPbxq civRq N‡U‡Q| DÏxc‡Ki RqZzb †eM‡gi †Kv‡bv cÖwZc¶ †`Lv‡bv nqwb Ges KvRwU wbZvš— Rxeb euvPv‡bvi
R‡b¨ K‡iwQ‡jb e‡j wZwb cvV‡Ki mnvbyf~wZ cvb ⎯ gwR` Zv †_‡K ewÂZ|
S D”PZi `¶Zvg~jK
gvbyl mgv‡Ri m„wó| Av_©-mvgvwRK-mvs¯‹…wZK AwfNv‡Z GK GKRb gvbyl M‡o I‡V GK fv‡e| DÏxc‡Ki RqZzb †eMgI
Av_©-mvgvwRK-mvs¯‹…wZK AwfNv‡Z M‡o I‡V GKwU Rxeš— PwiÎ| e¨vcviwU wKfv‡e N‡U, †mwU GKUz we‡k­lY Kiv hvK|
cÖ_gZ, RqZzb †eMg †h Ggb n‡jb, Zvi R‡b¨ `vqx Zvi A_©e¨e¯’v| j¶Yxq, DÏxc‡K ejv n‡q‡Q, wZwb weaev I wbtmš—
vb| hw` Zvi ¯^vgx wKsev mš—vb _vK‡Zv, Zvn‡j e„×Kv‡j Zv‡K GB cvwbcov e¨emvq wbðq bvg‡Z n‡Zv bv| wZwb Avw_©K
w`K †_‡K Amnvq| Zvi Avi †Kv‡bv Dcvq wQj bv| wZwb hw` fÛ n‡Zb, Zvn‡j ïi“ †_‡KB cvwbcov w`‡Zb, Zv wKš‘ wZwb
†`bwb| ZLbB w`‡q‡Qb, hLb †`qv‡j Zvi wcV †V‡K †M‡Q| myZivs, A_©‰bwZK cwi‡cÖw¶Z bv _vK‡j RqZzb †eMg cvwbcov
w`‡Zb bv|
wØZxqZ, RqZzb †eMg †h Ggb n‡jb, Zvi R‡b¨ `vqx Avgv‡`i mgvRe¨e¯’v| Avgv‡`i evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvgv‡j Abv_ e„ ×v
bvixi GKv †eu‡P _vKv Lye Kó hw` Zvi bv _v‡K ¯^vgx, bv _v‡K mš—vb, bv _v‡K †Kv‡bv m¤ú`| MÖv‡gi gvbyl gy‡L gy‡LB
ÔAvnvÕ, ÔDûÕ K‡i wKš‘ GKRb e„×v‡K wbRM„‡n VuvB †`q bv| G‡¶‡Î †mB weL¨vZ Dw³wU ¯§iY Ki‡Z cvwi⎯ÒRM‡Z †K
KvnviÓ? Avgv‡`i mgvRe¨e¯’v hw` DbœZ n‡Zv, hw` gvbweK n‡Zv, Zvn‡j Avgvi g‡b nq bv GB e„ ×v cvwbcov †`Iqv
ïi“ Ki‡Zb| mgvRB Zv‡K eva¨ K‡i‡Q|
Gev‡i Avgiv Av‡jvKcvZ Ki‡Z PvB, GKUv †`‡ki mvs¯‹…wZK e¨e¯’v Kxfv‡e †m †`‡ki gvbyl‡K wbg©vY K‡i| DÏxc‡Ki
PwiÎwUi bvg ÔRqZzb †eMgÕ| bvg ï‡b †evSv hv‡”Q wZwb cÖZ¨š— MÖv‡gi evwm›`v| wZwb _v‡Kb `qvivgcyi bvgK MÖv‡g⎯G
K_vI D‡j­L Av‡Q; †h MÖv‡gi gvby‡li wPš—vRMr g~Z© n‡q‡Q ÔeyRyM©Õ ÔKvwgqvweÕ; ÔnvwmjÕ BZ¨vw` kãivwRi Avkª‡q Ges †h
MÖv‡gi gvbyl cvwbcovq Av¯’v iv‡L| cvwbcov ms¯‹…wZ‡Z Av¯’v _vKvi Kvi‡YB RqZzb †eMg m„wó n‡Z †c‡i‡Qb bZzev
cvi‡Zb bv| Ab¨fv‡e ej‡Z †M‡j ej‡Z nq: UvKvi Afve bv n‡j wKsev mgvRe¨e¯’v gvbweK n‡j A_ev Kzms¯‹…wZ bv

লেকচার শীট লালসালু

 Dcb¨vm লালসালু
_vK‡j DÏxc‡Ki RqZzb †eMg PwiÎwU KLbB Ggb Pwi‡Î euvK wb‡Zb bv| myZivs gvbyl Av_©-mvgvwRK-mvs¯‹…wZK Pv‡ci
dmj|

cÖ_g †kªwYi miKvwi Kg©KZ©v dwRjvZzb †bmv eÇ NygKvZz‡i| bqUv cuvPUv Awdm K‡i evmvq wdi‡jB Zvi Nyg cvq| c‡b‡iv
eQi hver wZwb msmv‡ii Nvwb Uvb‡Qb| ¯^vgx Avwe`yi ingvb Gg.Gmwm cvm n‡jI N‡i e‡m _v‡Kb| PvKwi bvwK c‡ii
†Mvjvwg| Zvi KvR mvivw`b †Uwjwfk‡b wnw›` bvPMvb †`Lv| MZKvj Gkvi bvgvR bv c‡oB dwRjvZzb †bmv Nywg‡q c‡owQ‡jb
e‡j Avwe`yi ingvb Zv‡K A‡bK Mvjg›` K‡ib| f`ªgwnjv mvivivZ bdj bvgvR c‡o c‡ii w`b Awd‡m †M‡Qb|
K. gneŸZbMi MÖv‡g gwR`‡K mevi Av‡M †K †`‡LwQj? 1
L. Av‡gbv wewei cv †`‡L gwR‡`i Mjvi Kvi“Kvh© Av‡iv m~² nq †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki dwRjvZzb †bmvi mv‡_ ÔjvjmvjyÕ Dcb¨v‡mi iwngv PwiÎwUi Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbv Ki| 3
N. Jcb¨vwmK ˆmq` IqvjxDj­vn& Zuvi ÔjvjmvjyÕ Dcb¨v‡m iwngv PwiÎwU Kxfv‡e Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb Zv 4
we‡k­lY Ki|

P Ávbg~jK
gneŸZ bMi Mv‡g gwR`‡K mevi Av‡M †`‡LwQj Zv‡ni|
Q Abyaveb
Av‡gbv wewe hLb gvRvi cvK †`Iqvi R‡b¨ cvjwK †_‡K bv‡g, ZLb AmZK©ZvekZ Zvi cv‡qi wKQyUv Ask D‡b¥wPZ n‡q
hvq, hv gwR` †`‡L †d‡j|
cv‡qi eY©bv w`‡Z wM‡q †jLK e‡j‡Qb: Òmv`v gm„Y cv, †iv`-cvwb ev c‡_i Kv`vgvwU †hb KL‡bv ¯úk© K‡iwb|Ó ¯úóZB
Av‡gbv wewei dm©v cv Zv‡K D‡ËwRZ K‡i †Zv‡j, Zvi †fZi wbwl× fve RvwM‡q †`q| GB fve Ae`gb Kivi R‡b¨B †nvK
Avi Lv‡jK e¨vcvixi Kv‡Q jyKv‡bvi R‡b¨B †nvK A_ev Af¨š—ixY Aw¯’iZv Kv‡Uv‡bvi R‡b¨ †nvK, †m wgwn my‡i †`vqv-
`yi`“ co‡Z ïi“ K‡i, Mjvi Kvi“KvR AviI evwo‡q †`q| Z‡e GB Av‡e‡Mi Drm †h wjwe‡Wv, G‡Z †Kv‡bv m‡›`n †bB;
†Kbbv †jLK ¯úó K‡iB e‡j‡Qb, Òmy›`i cv †`‡L †øn-ggZv I‡V bv G‡m, Av‡m wel|Ó
R cÖ‡qvM
ˆmq` IqvjxDj­vn& ÔjvjmvjyÕ Dcb¨v‡mi gwR‡`i cÖ_g ¯¿x iwngv Ges DÏxc‡Ki dwRjvZzb †bmv PwiÎwUi †fZi wgj Ges
Awgj `ywUB i‡q‡Q|
cÖ_‡g Avgiv wg‡ji w`K¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z PvB, c‡i Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡e Awg‡ji †¶Î¸‡jvq| wgj GB †h, iwngv Ges
dwRjvZzb †bmv `yRbB ¯^vgxi GKvš— AbyMZ, wbZvš— eva¨MZ| j¤^v PIov kix‡ii iwngv Zvi k³ mg_© †`n wb‡qI †hgb
c‡` c‡` †eu‡U, `ye©j, ¶xY¯^v¯’¨ gwR‡`i AvÁven `vmx; AvaywbK wk¶vq wkw¶Z dwRjvZzb †bmv wb‡R PvKwi K‡i ¯^vgx
msmv‡ii hveZxq e¨q wbe©vn Kivi c‡iI †ZgbB ¯^vgxi cÖwZ evovevwo iKg AbyMZ| GUvB Zv‡`i wgj| `yR‡bi ¯^vgx
A‡hvM¨, Zey Zviv `yRbB mgwc©Zv|
Awgj n‡jv, iwngv Awkw¶Zv, MÖvgxY mgv‡R †e‡o DVv bvix †h wKbv webv hyw³‡ZB ¯^vgxi †h †Kv‡bv K_v‡K wbwe©Pv‡i †g‡b
†bq wKš‘ dwRjvZzb †bmvi †¶‡Î G K_v Lv‡U bv| †m GKRb cÖ_g †kªwYi miKvwi Kg©KZ©v| Zvi ¯^vgx Gg.Gmwm wWwMÖavix
n‡qI N‡i e‡m mviv¶Y wUwf †`‡Lb-ZvI Avevi wnw›` bvP-Mvb| DÏxc‡K ejv n‡q‡Q; MZKvj Gkvi bvgvR bv c‡oB
dwRjvZzb †bmv Nywg‡q c‡owQ‡jb.........Ó A_©vr dwRjvZzb †bmv wbqwgZB c‡ob, †Kej IB w`b K¬vwš—ekZ co‡Z cv‡ib
wb- DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_g ev‡K¨B Zv‡K ÔNygKvZz‡iÕ we‡klY †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| A_P GB R‡b¨ Zvi wnw›` bvP-Mvb †`Lv ¯^vgx Zv‡K
A‡bK Mvjg›` K‡ib Ges f`ªgwnjv Zvi †Kv‡bv cÖwZev` bv K‡i mvivivZ bdj bvgvR c‡o c‡ii w`b Awd‡m hvb| GwU Kx
ai‡bi cwZfw³i bgybv? iwngv cwZf³ wKš‘ GZUv bq| Rwgjv‡K gvRv‡i †eu‡a †i‡L Avmvi e¨vcviwU †m cQ›` K‡iwb|
ZLb †_‡KB Zvi AvbyM‡Z¨ wPo a‡i‡Q| gwR`‡K †m ¯úó K‡Ú hLb e‡j, Òavb w`qv wK nB‡ev, gvby‡li Rvb hw` bv _v‡K?
Avc‡b I‡i wbqv Av‡mb wfZ‡i|Ó⎯ ZLb Avgiv eywS GB iwngv Avi Av‡Mi iwngv †bB; G bZzb iwngv| ÔjvjmvjyÕi iwngvi
cÖwZ cvV‡Ki mnvbyf~wZ Rv‡M, Avi DÏxc‡Ki dwRjvZzb †bmvi cÖwZ Rv‡M we`ª~c|
S D”PZi `¶Zvg~jK
ˆmq` IqvjxDj­vn&i ÔjvjmvjyÕ Dcb¨v‡mi Pwiθ‡jv †¯‹‡Pi g‡Zv K‡i AuvKv n‡q‡Q| cÖvq me PwiÎB †`k-Kvj-cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z
ms¯’vwcZ Ges ZzjbviwnZ m„wó|
iwngv ˆmq` IqvjxDj­vni wbwg©Z mKj Pwiθ‡jvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg| Avh© mgv‡R Ggb GKwU K_v cÖPwjZ wQj †h cvK Ki‡jB
†Kej bvix n‡q Rb¥ wb‡Z nq| mMwØL¨vZ A‡bK bvix †¶vf I `yt†Li mv‡_ bvix nIqvi AwfÁZv eY©bv K‡i‡Qb wk‡íi

লেকচার শীট লালসালু

 Dcb¨vm লালসালু
bvbv gva¨‡g| †m¸‡jv †h Lye GKUv evwo‡q ejv bq, Zvi cÖgvY iwngv PwiÎwU| K…lKvq, †ivMv, eq¯‹, Lv‡Uv, fMœ¯^v¯’¨ GB
†jvKwUi Kv‡Q iwngvi evev-gv wbwØ©avq Zv‡`i †g‡q‡K we‡q w`‡qwQj| A_P Zviv Rv‡bB bv †K GB gwR`, Kx Zvi cwiPq?
†Kv‡bv fv‡e †g‡q‡K we`vq Kiv †M‡Q⎯ ¯^vgx †hgbB †nvK, cvί’ Kiv †M‡Q⎯ GB n‡jv evev gv‡qi wPš—v| †hgb evev-
gv, †Zgb Zv‡`i mš—vb| iwngvI †ZgbB mgwc©Zv bvix| gwR` hv e‡j, ZvB mB| mvZ P‡o Zvi iv †bB| myZivs ejv hvq,
iwngv GKRb mbvZb MÖvgxY evOvwj bvix|
iwngvi g‡a¨ M„n¯’fve cÖej| N‡ii me KvRKg© wbcyY nv‡Z †m mvgvj †`q| D`qv¯— cwikªg K‡i †m| iv‡Zi †ejv †m
gwR‡`i ïK‡bv cv-I wU‡c †`q| ejv hvq, gwR`‡K my‡L-kvwš—‡Z ivLvi R‡b¨ m¤¢e mewKQyB †m K‡iwQj| Zvi †fZi
mš—v‡bi Rb¨ GKUv nvnvKvi wQj †hUv †m c~iY K‡i wb‡qwQj Rwgjv‡K w`‡q| Rwgjv‡K †m KLbI mZxb wn‡m‡e †`‡Lwb,
†`‡L‡Q Kb¨v wn‡m‡e|
Dcb¨v‡mi †k‡l Rwgjvi we‡`ªvnx i~c cvVK‡K PgwKZ, wew¯§Z, Awff~Z I gy» K‡i| me wKQyiB GKUv mxgv Av‡Q hv †cwi‡q
†M‡j euva †f‡O hvq| gwR` hLb Rwgjvi Ici mxgvnxb wbh©vZb ïi“ K‡i, ZLb iwngvi GB we‡`ªvnx i~c Avgiv †`wL|

kvgxgv myjZvbv GKRb M„wnYx| Zvi ¯^vgx Avjgvm Avjx K…wlKvR K‡i| GB `¤úwZi †Kv‡bv mš—vbvw` †bB| we‡qi ev‡iv
eQ‡ii c‡iI kvgxgv myjZvbvi M‡f© †Kv‡bv mš—vbvw` bv nIqvq Avjgvm Avjx ¯¿xi AbygwZ wb‡q wØZxq weevn K‡i| wØZxq
¯¿x Kzjmyg GKwU cyÎ mš—vb Rb¥ w`‡j msmv‡i Akvwš— †`Lv †`q|
K. ˆmq` IqvjxDj­vn&i wcZvi bvg Kx? 1
L. gwR‡`i wØZxq weev‡n AvMÖ‡ni KviY Kx? 2
M. ÔjvjmvjyÕ Dcb¨v‡mi iwngv Ges DÏxc‡Ki kvgxgv myjZvbv PwiÎ `ywUi g‡a¨ wgj I Awgj Kx? 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki g‡a¨ evOvwj mgv‡Ri Kx ai‡bi QvovcZv N‡U‡Q⎯ we‡k­lY Ki| 4

P Ávbg~jK
ˆmq` IqvjxDj­vn&i wcZvi bvg ˆmq` Avng`Dj­vn&|
Q Abyaveb
gwR‡`i wØZxq weev‡ni AvMÖ‡ni KviY wQj Aíeqmx †Kv‡bv bvixi m½ jvf|
gwR‡`i wØZxq we‡qi D‡Ïk¨ g~jZ Aíeqmx GKRb bvixi m½ jv‡fi †Mvcb evmbv †_‡K DrmvwiZ hw`I †m Zv gy‡L
¯^xKvi K‡iwb| †m gy‡L e‡j‡Q †h iwngv‡K GKRb m½x G‡b †`IqvB Zvi KvR| iwngv wbtmš—vb| A‡bK eQi AwZµvš—
n‡q hvIqvi c‡iI Zvi †Kv‡bv mš—vb nqwb| GwU Kvi †`v‡l⎯ iwngvi bv gwR‡`i †mwU wKš‘ Wv³vwi cix¶vq wbY©xZ
nqwb| Zey gwR` wb‡RB avh© K‡i cyi“lZvwš¿K mgv‡R †hgbwU Kiv n‡q _v‡K⎯ me †`vl iwngviB| ZvB †m ARynvZ
†`wL‡q iwngv‡K e‡j : Òwewe, Avgv‡Mv hw` †cvjvcvBb _vK‡Zv|Ó iwngv nvmywb‡K cvjKcyÎ wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kivi cÖ¯—ve w`‡j
gwR` ivRx nq bv| †m Avm‡j Lye Kg eqmx GKwU †g‡q‡K we‡q Ki‡Z Pvq| †jLK ¯úó fvlvq Rvwb‡q w`‡q‡Qb : ÒgwR‡`i
†bkvi cÖ‡qvRb|Ó
R cÖ‡qvM
ÔjvjmvjyÕ Dcb¨v‡mi iwngv Ges DÏxc‡Ki kvgxgv myjZvbv PwiÎ `ywUi g‡a¨ wgj Ges Awgj `ywU w`KB j¶‡hvM¨|
cÖ_‡g Avgiv wg‡ji w`K¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev, c‡i Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡e Awgj †hLv‡b Av‡Q †mme w`‡K| wgj GB †h,
iwngv Ges kvgxgv myjZvbv `yRbB cÖ_g ch©v‡q ¯^vgxi AbyMZ Ges `yRbB MÖvgxY, K…wlwfwËK mgv‡Ri cÖwZwbwa| (hvi Kvi‡YB
†nvK) iwngv Ges kvgxgv myjZvbv `yRbB wbtmš—vb Ges `yRbB ¯^vgx‡K wØZxq we‡q‡Z AbygwZ w`‡q‡Q⎯ nq‡Zv g‡b Kó
†P‡c †i‡LB, mvaviYZ Gme †¶‡Î hv n‡q _v‡K| GB `yRb bvix Zv‡`i ¯^vgx‡`i wØZxq weevn ch©š— GK iKg|
Zv‡`i g‡a¨ Awgj ïi“ n‡jv Zv‡`i ¯^vgxiv hLb we‡q K‡i, Zvici †_‡K| iwngvi †¶‡Î hw` j¶ Kwi, Zvn‡j ¯úó n‡e
†h, Rwgjvi Ici gwR` hLb †_‡KB AZ¨vPvi Kiv ïi“ K‡i‡Q, ZLb †_‡KB iwngv ax‡i ax‡i ¯^vgxi Aeva¨ n‡Z ïi“ K‡i‡Q
Ges Zvi Aeva¨Zv Dcb¨v‡mi †k‡l P~ovš— ch©v‡q DbœxZ n‡q‡Q hLb †m gwR`‡K e‡j, Òavb w`qv Kx nB‡ev, gvby‡li Rvb
hw` bv _v‡K? Avc‡b I‡i wbqv Av‡mb wfZ‡i|Ó Aciw`‡K kvgxgv myjZvbv ¯^vgx‡K wØZxq weev‡ni AbygwZ w`‡jI mZx‡bi
M‡f© mš—vb Rb¥ †bIqvi c‡i †m e`‡j †M‡Q| ZLb †m Avi ¯^vgxi AbyMZ _v‡Kwb| wbZvš— AbyMZ ¯¿x n‡q D‡V‡Q wbZ¨
KjncivqY| Z‡e iwngvi mv‡_ kvgxgv myjZvbvi g~j cv_©K¨ GKwUB, †mwU n‡”Q: iwngv Zvi mZxb‡K KLbB Cl©v K‡iwb⎯
kvgxgv myjZvbv Zvi mZxb‡K Cl©v K‡i‡Q †m cyÎmš—vb cÖme K‡i‡Q|

লেকচার শীট লালসালু

 Dcb¨vm লালসালু
S D”PZi `¶Zvg~jK
we›`vi g‡a¨ _vK‡Z cv‡i wmÜvi e¨Äbv, †Mv®ú‡` Ziw½Z nq mgy`ª MR©b⎯ GwU †Kej K_vi K_v bq, ev¯—‡eI Gi ARmª
cÖgvY i‡q‡Q| Zvi GKwU `„óvš— wn‡m‡e eZ©gvb DÏxc‡Ki K_vB ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| G DÏxc‡Ki gvÎ 5wU ev‡K¨ wea„Z
n‡q‡Q Avengvb evOvwj mgv‡Ri GKwU i~c‡iLv|
cÖKw… ZMZ Kvi‡Y ¯^vgx ev ¯¿xi †h †Kv‡bv GKR‡bi ΓwUi Rb¨ mš—vb Rb¥ bvI n‡Z cv‡i| GwU GKwU wbZ¨‰bwgwËK,
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লেকচার শীট লালসালু

 Dcb¨vm লালসালু
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লেকচার শীট লালসালু

 Dcb¨vm লালসালু
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লেকচার শীট লালসালু

 Dcb¨vm লালসালু
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