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Module 2 - Solutions of de
Module 2 - Solutions of de
MODULE 2
SOLUTIONS OF D.E.
Definition and Examples
Any function 𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙) which satisfies this equation over the interval (I) is called a solution of
the ODE. This means the 𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 Ø(𝒙) is called a solution if the following requirements are satisfied.
Example :
Lets validate if y(x) = c1 sin 2x + c2 cos 2x is a solution of y’’ + 4y = 0
How can we validate this? We just plug x into equation . and compute for the
𝑑𝑥
differentiation of y , thus or we can also label if as y’.
𝑑𝑡
For c1 sin 2x, we can both apply differentiation for a constant multiple and sin.
and
For c2 cos 2x theres also a constant multiple and a cos x. Differentiating them
will give us:
𝑑 𝑑
of c2 cos 2x =2c2 (𝑑𝑥 cos x ) applying
𝑑𝑥
But since what we are trying to validate is in the second differentiation y’’, we
have to find the differentiation of y’ (y prime).
𝑑
y’’ = 𝑑𝑥 (2𝑐1 cos 2𝑥 − 2 𝑐2 sin 2𝑥)
𝑑 𝑑
=(2)(2) c1 (𝑑𝑥cos x ) - (2)(2) c2 (𝑑𝑥 sin x) applying
We can do
No Solution Example:
Note that the left side of the DE must be non negative for every real function y(x) and
any x since it is the sum of terms raised to the second and fourth powers while the right
side of the equation is negative. Since no function will satisfy this equation it has no
solution.
𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚
+ 𝟐 𝒅𝒙 − 𝟑 𝒚 can also be represented by y’’ + 2y’ – 3y just in case you missed it.
𝒅𝒙
Also find the particular solution of the given differential equation satisfying the initial
value conditions y(0) = 2 and y’ (0) = -5.
Solution:
The function f(t) must satisfy the differential equation in order to be a solution. So let us
first write down the derivatives of y.
y(x) or y=c1ex+c2e−3tx+sin x this is the original equation. We can see that we can
apply the following differentiation
for sin x
Giving us
for cos x
Now let us use these values for y in the left-hand side of the differential equation and
compute the result.
𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚
+ 𝟐 𝒅𝒙 − 𝟑 𝒚 = y’’ + 2y’ – 3y = (c1ex+9c2e−3x–sinx) + 2(c1ex–
𝒅𝒙
3c2e−3x+cosx)−3(c1ex+c2e−3x+sin x) lets see if we simplify this, will we get
2cosx–4sinx
On solving the simultaneous linear equations (1) and (2), we can get the values of c 1 and
c2 as
-4c2 + 3 = -5
−5−3
𝐶2 = = 8/4 = 2
−4
C2 = 2 and c1 = 2- c2 = 2 – 2 = 0
Thus we have:
y(x)= 2e−3(x)+sin x
1.
2.
3.
4.