PG Bmas Agric

NATIONAL UNIVERSITIES COMMISSION
BENCHMARK MINIMUM ACADEMIC STANDARDS
FOR POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES IN
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
IN
NIGERIAN UNIVERSITIES
NATIONAL UNIVERSITIES COMMISSION

P. M. B. 237
GARKI G.P.O
ABUJA
SEPTEMBER, 2011
PREFACE
A major function of the National Universities Commission is quality assurance. The Education
(National Minimum Standards and Establishment of Institution) (Act) No. 16 of 1985 as amended by
National Universities Commission (Amendment) (Act) No. 49 of 1988 empowers the Commission to
lay dawn minimum standards for all degrees, awards and use the same standards to accredit them.
The Commission, in collaboration with the universities, developed the first set of Minimum Academic
Standards for the undergraduate degree programmes under the thirteen disciplines taught in all
Nigerian Universities. The documents were approved by the Federal Government in 1989 and
became major reference instrument for the establishment and accreditation of all undergraduate
academic programmes.
After over a decade of use, the National Universities Commission commenced the process of review
of the Minimum Academic Standards in 2001. The review sought to accommodate new frontiers of
knowledge in all the academic disciplines, the impact of information and communication technologies
and inclusion of languages and entrepreneurial studies to ensure response to current realities, global
competitiveness and relevance. The documents also enunciated the Benchmarks for Learning
Outcomes and Competencies expected of the graduates, making the standards not only content-based
but also result-oriented.
With the success recorded in the development and use of Benchmark Minimum Academic Standards
(BMAS) for undergraduate programmes, the Commission proceeded to establish the standards for
postgraduate programmes. This started with a meeting of the Provosts and Deans of Postgraduate
Studies in all Nigerian Universities, in 2004. The process was followed by a Needs Assessment
Survey. The purpose was to determine the Expected Learning Outcomes, Entrepreneurial Skills and
Competencies in Research and Developed in the same year. The first workshop was held in 2005 to
produce BMAS for Master of Business Administration (MBA); as the pilot. The final product was
approved in 2006 and has since been used to accredit the MBA programmes in all universities.
The experiences encouraged the Commission to convene the next workshop to develop the BMAS
documents for all the other programmes. This was towards the end of 2006 and the drafts produced
were sent to all universities for their comments and inputs. The comments and inputs generated were
incorporated into the draft at another workshop held in 2008. The final workshop on the production of
error-free documents was convened in 2009 and 2010, when academic experts took yet another look
at the documents, and any programme that was omitted was included. Finally, in 2011 the drafts were
subjected to editorial scrutiny of experts so as to prepare them for printing.
Although the process had been long and arduous, the Commission is delighted to present the first set
of postgraduate BMAS for all identified postgraduate programmes taught in Nigerian Universities for
learning and accreditation of the programmes.
On behalf of the National Universities Commission, I wish to express sincere gratitude to all the
Nigerian Universities and their staff who participated in the development of these documents.
PROFESSOR JULIUS A. OKOJIE

EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
NUC, ABUJA 2011
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Table of Contents
PREFACE ii
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Programmes: 1
1.2 Philosophy 1
1.3 Aims and Objectives 1
1.4 Academic Standards 2
2.0 RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS FOR POSTGRADUATE TEACHING AND

SUPERVISION IN THE PROGRAMME 4
2.1 Staffing 4
2.1.1 Academic Staff 4
2.1.2 Non-Academic Staff 4
2.1.3 Staff Development 4
2.2 Physical Facilities 5

2.2.1 Lecture, Laboratory and Office Spaces 5
2.2.2 Laboratory and Farm Facilities 5
3.0 GENERAL REGULATIONS 7
3.1 Postgraduate Diploma Programmes (PGD) 7
3.2 Professional Masters Degree 8
3.3 Academic Masters Degree 9
3.4 Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Degree 9
4.0 POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES IN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND RURAL

SOCIOLOGY 11
4.1 POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA IN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND RURAL SOCIOLOGY 11
4.2 PROFESSIONAL MASTER OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND RURAL SOCIOLOGY 12
4.3 ACADEMIC MASTER OF SCIENCE (MSc.) IN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND RURAL SOCIOLOGY 14
4.4 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (PhD) IN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND RURAL SOCIOLOGY 15
4.5 SYNOPSIS OF POSTGRADUATE COURSES IN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND RURAL SOCIOLOGY 16
5.0 POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES IN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS 19
5.1 POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA IN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS 19
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5.2 PROFESSIONAL MASTER IN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS 20
5.3 ACADEMIC MASTERS OF SCIENCE (MSc) DEGREE IN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS 21
5.4 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D) DEGREE IN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS 23
5.5 COURSE SYNOPSIS FOR THE POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES 24
6.0 POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES IN ANIMAL SCIENCE AND PRODUCTION 26
6.1 POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA (PGD) IN ANIMAL PRODUCTION 26
6.2 MASTER OF ANIMAL PRODUCTION (MAP) 27
6.3 MASTER OF SCIENCE (M.Sc) IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 28
6.4 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D) IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 29
6.5 COURSE SYNOPSES 30
7.0 POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES IN FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE 37
7.1 POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA (PGD) 37
7.2 PROFESSIONAL MASTER DEGREE IN FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE (MFA) 38
7.3 MASTER OF SCIENCE (M.Sc.) DEGREE IN FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE 40
7.4 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D.) DEGREE 44
8.0 POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES IN AGRONOMY/CROP SCIENCE/CROP

PRODUCTION/PLANT SCIENCE 46
8.1 POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA (PGD) IN AGRONOMY/CROP SCIENCE/ CROP PRODUCTION/PLANT SCIENCE

46
8.2 PROFESSIONAL MASTERS IN AGRONOMY/CROP SCIENCE/PLANT SCIENCE 47
8.3 ACADEMIC MASTERS (M.SC) IN AGRONOMY/CROP SCIENCE/CROP PRODUCTION /PLANT SCIENCE

WITH SPECIALIZATION IN AGRONOMY, CROP PHYSIOLOGY, HORTICULTURE, PLANT BREEDING, WEED
SCIENCE, SEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 48
8.4 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D) IN AGRONOMY/CROP SCIENCE/CROP PRODUCTION/PLANT SCIENCE

50
8.5 COURSE SYNOPSIS FOR AGRONOMY/CROP SCIENCE/CROP PRODUCTION/PLANT SCIENCE

PROGRAMMES 51
9.0 POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES IN CROP PROTECTION 53
9.1 POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA (PGD) IN CROP PROTECTION 53
9.2 PROFESSIONAL MASTERS (MCP) IN CROP PROTECTION 54
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9.3 ACADEMIC MASTERS (MSc) PROGRAMME IN CROP PROTECTION 55
9.4 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (PhD) IN CROP PROTECTION 56
9.5 COURSE SYNOPSES 57
10.0 POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES IN FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 59
10.1 POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA IN FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 59
10.2 PROFESSIONAL MASTERS DEGREE IN FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 61
10.3 ACADEMIC MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 63
10.4 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D) DEGREE IN FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 66
11.0 POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES IN HOME ECONOMICS/SCIENCE 69
11.1 POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA IN HOME ECONOMICS/ SCIENCE 69
11.2 PROFESSIONAL MASTERS DEGREE IN HOME ECONOMICS/SCIENCE 71
11.3 ACADEMIC MASTERS (MSc) IN HOME ECONOMICS/SCIENCE 74
11.4 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (PhD) DEGREE IN HOME ECONOMICS/SCIENCE 77
12.0 POSTGRADUATE HUMAN NUTRITION AND DIETETICS 79
12.1 POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA IN HUMAN NUTRITION AND DIETETICS 79
12.2 PROFESSIONAL MASTERS DEGREE IN HUMAN NUTRITION AND DIETETICS 81
12.3 ACADEMIC MASTER OF SCIENCE (MSc) IN HUMAN NUTRITION AND DIETETICS 84
12.4 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (PhD) DEGREE IN HUMAN NUTRITION AND DIETETICS 87
13.0 POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES IN FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE

MANAGEMENT 90
13.1 POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA IN FORESTRY 90
13.2 PROFESSIONAL MASTERS IN FORESTRY (MASTER OF FORESTRY) 91
13.3 PROFESSIONAL MASTER DEGREE IN AGRO-FORESTRY (M AGRO-FORESTRY) 93
13.4 ACADEMIC MASTER DEGREE (M. Sc) IN FOREST RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 94
13.5 ACADEMIC MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRO-FORESTRY (M.Sc.) 96
13.6 ACADEMIC MASTER OF SCIENCE (M.Sc) IN WOOD SCIENCE 97
13.7 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D) DEGREE IN FORESTRY 98
14.0 POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES IN WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 103
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14.1 POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA IN WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 103
14.2 ACADEMIC MASTER (M.Sc) IN WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 105
14.3 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D) IN WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 107
15.0 POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES IN BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT 109
15.1 POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA IN BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT 109
15.2 ACADEMIC MASTER (M.Sc) BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT 111
16.0 POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES IN TOURISM MANAGEMENT 113
16.1 POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA IN TOURISM MANAGEMENT 113
16.2 ACADEMIC MASTER (M.Sc.) DEGREE IN TOURISM MANAGEMENT 114
17.0 POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES IN SOIL SCIENCES, LAND AND WATER

MANAGEMENT 117
17.1 POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA IN SOIL MANAGEMENT AND LAND USE PLANNING 117
17.2 PROFESSIONAL MASTER OF SOIL SCIENCE (MSS) DEGREE 118
17.3 ACADEMIC MASTER OF SCIENCE (MSc) DEGREE IN SOIL SCIENCE 120
17.4 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (PhD) DEGREE IN SOIL SCIENCE 124
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BENCHMARK/MINIMUM ACADEMIC STANDARDS FOR POSTGRADUATE
PROGRAMMES IN AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES OFFERED IN NIGERIAN
UNIVERSITIES
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The National Universities Commission (NUC), as a regulatory agency for University Education in
Nigeria, has as parts of its mandate, the definition and maintenance of academic standards. The
Commission has in the past organized the development of Minimum Academic Standards and
subsequently, accreditation for all approved undergraduate programmes offered in Nigerian
Universities. For postgraduate programmes, NUC has concluded the process of developing
benchmarks and minimum academic standards as a follow up to the success recorded in the
undergraduate programmes. These Benchmarks and Minimum Academic Standards (BMAS) for
postgraduate programmes in Agricultural Sciences are to facilitate accreditation of the
programmes in Nigerian Universities. The benchmarks describe the minimum requirements each
University is to attain. Individual Universities may modify them provided they do not go below
the minimum benchmarks.
1.1 Programmes:
i. Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology

ii. Agricultural Economics
iii. Animal Science & Production
iv. Fisheries and Aquaculture
v. Agronomy/Crop Science/ Crop Production/Plant Science
vi. Science and Technology
vii. Land and Water Management
viii. Soil Sciences, Land and Water Management
1.2 Philosophy
The philosophy of the postgraduate programmes in agriculture and related disciplines is to

develop highly skilled manpower for the agricultural and other sectors of the economy. The
programmes will equally produce competent scientists and researchers for Universities and
Research Centres as well as the Public and Private Sectors able to compete globally and to
act as change agents within the Nigerian economy.
1.3 Aims and Objectives
The Postgraduate Programmes in Agriculture are aimed at:
a) Producing persons with advanced knowledge and skills in agricultural sciences and
related disciplines;
b) Exposing professionals in related disciplines to knowledge, skills and practices of

modern agriculture;
c) Providing training in specific aspects of agricultural sciences;
d) Providing advanced professional training for graduate employees of industry, the

public service or in self-employment;
e) Equipping students with research skills through the conduct of supervised research,
seminar presentations, project and thesis preparation;
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f) Providing training for those whose future careers lie in teaching and research at the
tertiary level and in research and development in the public and private sectors.
1.4 Academic Standards
(a) Academic Regulations
(i) Academic Session

An academic session consists of two semesters. Each semester normally
comprises 15 weeks of teaching and two weeks of examinations.
(ii) Modular System

All Postgraduate Diploma Programmes shall be run on a modular system,
commonly referred to as Course Unit System. All courses should therefore be
sub-divided into self-sufficient and logically consistent packages that are
taught within a semester and examined at the end of that particular semester.
Credit units should be attached to each course.
(iii) Definition of Credit Unit

Credit units are weights attached to a course. One credit unit is equivalent to
one contact hour per week per semester of 15 weeks of lectures or tutorials,
or three contact hours of practicals per week.
(b) Programme Requirements
(i) Registration Procedure

Students shall normally complete registration for courses for the semester not
later than the stipulated period after the start of the semester.
(ii) Good Standing

To be in good standing, a student must in each semester have a Cumulative
Grade Point Average (CGPA) of not less than 3.00.
(iii) Withdrawal
Candidates with less than 3.00 CGPA at the end of the first semester shall
remain in the programme but shall be withdrawn if he/she fails to attain 3.00
CGPA at the end of the second semester.
(iv) Attendance
In order to be eligible for examination in a particular course, a student shall
have attended a minimum of 75% of the total periods of formal instructions
delivered for the course.
(v) Course Evaluation

In the Postgraduate Programmes, assessment of students' achievements shall
be based on:
a) Course Examination
b) Term Papers/Seminars
c) Practicals
d) Other assignments.
(vi) Continuous Assessment

Continuous assessment shall be done through practicals, seminars, essays,
tests, term papers, tutorial exercises, quizzes, other assignments, or a
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combination of these.
Scores from continuous assessment shall constitute at least 30% of the final
marks for courses which are primarily theoretical.
c) Examinations, Grading Procedure and Results
(i) Examinations
(a) In addition to continuous assessment, final examination shall

normally be given for each course at the end of the semester.
The total score obtainable for each course comprising
continuous assessment and final examination is 100%, to be
distributed as appropriate.
(b) Each course shall normally be completed and examined at

the end of the semester in which it is offered.
(ii) Pass Mark

The minimum pass mark in any course shall be 50%.
(iii) Grading System

Grading of courses shall be done by a combination of percentage
marks and letter grades translated into a graduated system of Grade
Point Equivalents (GPE). For the purpose of determining a student's
standing at the end of every semester, the Grade Point Average
(GPA) system shall be used. The GPA is computed by dividing the
total number of credit points (TCP) by the total number of units
(TNU) for all the courses taken in the semester. The credit point for a
course is computed by multiplying the number of units for the course
by the Grade Point Equivalent of the marks scored in the course.
Each course shall be graded out of a maximum of 100 marks and
assigned appropriate Grade Point Equivalent as in the following
table:
% Letter Grade Grade Points Average

Credit Units Scores Grades Points (GPA)
[1] [2] [3] (GP) [5]
[4]
Vary according to contact hours 70-100 A 5 Derived by multiplying I
assigned to each course per week per 60-69 B 4 and IV and dividing by
semester, and according to load carried 50-59 C 3 Total Credit Units
by students. < 50 F 0
(iv) Presentation of Results

Results from the Postgraduate School Board of Examiners shall be
presented to Senate for approval.
(v) Release of Results

Results shall be released/published not later than 2 weeks after
approval by the Senate.
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d) External Examiner System
The external examiner system shall be used at the end of the Postgraduate
programme to assess the courses and projects.
The project or dissertation/thesis shall be subject to oral examination where the student is
required to show evidence that he/she carried out the work and had pertinent knowledge of
the subject area.
2.0 RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS FOR POSTGRADUATE TEACHING AND

SUPERVISION IN THE PROGRAMME
2.1 Staffing
2.1.1 Academic Staff
i) Teacher/Student Ratio
The minimum teacher to student ratio (TSR) for the Postgraduate Programme
is 1 to 10 for effective teaching and learning.
ii) Minimum Number, Qualification and Rank of Postgraduate Lecturers

There should be a minimum of 4 full time Postgraduate Lecturers on ground
in a Department, all of whom should have PhD degree with at least three
years university teaching/research experience and a rank not lower than
Lecturer II. There should be at least one Professor to provide academic and
research leadership at the postgraduate level.
Academic Staff in any Department offering postgraduate programmes should

be according to the following staff mix, or better:
1. Professors and Readers - 30%

2. Senior Lecturers - 40%
3. Lecturer I and Lecturer II - 30%
2.1.2 Non-Academic Staff

The services of support staff, which are indispensable in the proper running
of the programme as well as for administration, are required. It is important
to recruit very competent senior technical and administrative staff to maintain
teaching and research equipment and efficient administration. Universities
should follow the approved NUC guidelines on the proportioning of
academic and non-academic Staff.
2.1.3 Staff Development

With the rapid increase in number of students seeking postgraduate training,
the phenomenal increase in number of newly established Universities and the
rate of expansion in the frontiers of knowledge, there is serious manpower
and skills gap in postgraduate education in Nigeria. Furthermore, resources
for establishment of research facilities in line with modern trends are limited.
Given this scenario, staff development assumes a very important and critical
dimension.
Each University should strengthen its policy framework for retaining,

training and mentoring its best graduating students for academic development
into future postgraduate lecturers. This policy should also seek to attract and
retain outstanding scholars as postgraduate lecturers.
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In order to remain current in their various fields of specialization, adequate
budgetary funding should be provided for Conference attendance at local and
international levels annually. Research linkages with foreign Universities and
International Research Centres should be encouraged. Staff and postgraduate
research should be adequately funded.
With increasing globalization, availability of internet access at the University,

College or Faculty and Departmental levels has become a necessity for
research networking, linkage activities, accessing virtual libraries and other
on-line teaching and learning resources and for cost-effective/timely
communications. This vital resource should be made readily available on a
constant basis to postgraduate staff and students.
The indicators of staff development as a criterion for academic standards for

postgraduate programmes include the total amount of money allocated yearly
to staff development as well as its proportion of total recurrent expenditure
allocated to the Department, College or Faculty. Other indicators are
frequency of staff participation in national and international seminars,
workshops and conferences, quality of internet access, amount of external
research grants and subscription to relevant on-line journals.
2.2 Physical Facilities
2.2.1 Lecture, Laboratory and Office Spaces

The NUC guidelines on user space areas should be strictly adhered to with regards to
he required academic space for lecture rooms, general laboratories, stores, offices,
etc.
For clarity, the NUC guidelines are as follows:
Offices and Other Facilities Area, m2 Facilities

Professors 18.5 Fully furnished
Other Academic Staff 13.5
Faculty/College Officer 18.5
Other Senior Staff 13.5
Research Space Allowance 16.5/Lecturer
Classroom Accommodation 0.7/Student
Other Departmental, Office and Storage Space 0.7/Student
Seminar Room 0.2/Student
Laboratories/Workshops/Studios/Clinics 7.5/Student
Postgraduate Students Common Room 3.5/Student
2.2.2 Laboratory and Farm Facilities

Any Faculty/College or Department running postgraduate programmes is expected to
have met all the laboratory and farm facilities requirements for the undergraduate
programme as specified by the NUC in the undergraduate BMAS. In addition, while
it is impossible to specify an all inclusive list of equipment and facilities for
postgraduate research and training, at least 60% of the underlisted should be available
in the University, College/Faculty and Department.
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a. University
(i) Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer
(ii) High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
(iii) Wired or Wireless Local Area Network with Internet Gateway
(iv) GIS Laboratory
(v) PCR Machine
(vi) Ultracentrifuge
(vii) Beta and Gamma Counters
(viii) Liquid Nitrogen Plant
(ix) GLC
(x) Freeze drier
(xi) Fiber Tech Equipment
b. Faculty/College
(i) UV-Vis Spectrophotometer
(ii) CO2 Incubator
(iii) Auto-Haemoanalyzer
(iv) Refrigerated Centrifuge
(v) Cold Room
(vi) Feed Analysis Equipment
(vii) Inverted Microscope
(viii) Cryostat / Microtome
(ix) Multi-media Projector
(x) Tissue culture Laboratory
c. Department
(i) Research Microscopes (Phase Contrast/Dark-field)
(ii) Stereo Microscopes
(iii) Electronic Balances
(iv) pH Meter
(v) Data-logger
(vi) Infrared Thermometers
(vii) Digital Temperature/Humidity Monitoring Equipment
(viii) Statistical Packages
(ix) Digital and Video Cameras
d. University Farm and Facilities

(i) Tractors
(ii) Forage harvesters
(iii) Hay Baler
(iv) Tillage Equipment
(v) Planter
(vi) Mounted Boom Sprayer
(vii) Paddocks
(viii) Animal house
(ix) Fish ponds
(x) Glass tanks
(xi) University forest
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3.0 GENERAL REGULATIONS
3.1 Postgraduate Diploma Programmes (PGD)
i. Philosophy
The philosophy of the postgraduate diploma programme is to provide postgraduate
training in agriculture for Higher National Diploma graduates of Agriculture. It is
also to provide training for professionals in related disciplines, and graduates in
agriculture who otherwise would not qualify for admission into Masters Degree
Programmes in agricultural sciences.
ii. Aims and Objectives

The Postgraduate Diploma Programme in Agriculture is aimed at:
a. Producing persons with advanced knowledge and skills in basic and applied
agricultural sciences
b. Exposing professionals in related disciplines to knowledge, skills and practices
of modern agriculture
c. Providing training in specific aspects of agricultural production.
iii. Admission Requirements
a) Basic Admission Requirements for PGD programmes:

The criteria for admission into the PGD programme will be as follows:
I) Matriculation requirement of individual Universities including Mathematics
and English Language.
II) A candidate with at least 3rd class degree in agriculture and related
disciplines or a pass degree with five years cognate experience.
III) Minimum of HND Upper Credit from a recognized institution in agriculture
or related disciplines may also be considered.
iv. Duration of Postgraduate Diploma Programmes

a. The full-time Postgraduate Diploma Programme shall run for a minimum
duration of two (2) semesters and maximum of four (4) semesters.
b. The part-time Postgraduate Diploma Programme shall run for a minimum
duration of four (4) semesters and maximum of six (6) semesters.
v. Requirements for Graduation

A candidate must have fulfilled the following conditions to be awarded the
Postgraduate Diploma:
The candidate must pass a minimum of 26 credits Units which include the
following:
Courses Units
Core Courses 10
Electives 8
Project 6
Seminar 2
Total 26
Domiciliation of the Programme
The Postgraduate Diploma programme shall be domiciled in the relevant Department or
Faculty/College depending on the University.
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Postgraduate Diploma Classification
The classification of the PGD shall be based on the Cumulative Grade Point Average
(CGPA) earned at the end of the programme.
Cumulative Grade Class of Diploma

4.50 - 5.00 Distinction
3.50 - 4.49 Credit
3.00-3.49 Merit
Below 3.00 Fail
3.2 Professional Masters Degree
i. Philosophy
The philosophy of the Professional Masters Degree Programme in agriculture and
related disciplines is to provide advanced professional training for upgrading knowledge
and skills of Bachelors (Honours) degree holders employed in Industry, the Public
Service or Self-Employment.

The Professional Masters Degree Programme in Agriculture is aimed at:
a. Providing advanced professional training for graduate employees of Industry, the
Public Service or in Self-employment.
b. Providing advanced training in specific aspects of agriculture.

Candidates seeking admission into the Professional Masters Degree Programme in
Agriculture and related sciences must have the following:
I) Matriculation requirement of individual University including Mathematics
II) At least 2nd Class Lower degree or third class/pass degree with PGD at
Credit level, or
III) minimum of HND Upper Credit in agriculture and related disciplines from a
recognized institution plus PGD at Credit level.
iv. Duration of Professional Masters Degree Programmes

a. The Full-time Professional Masters Degree Programme shall run for a minimum
b. The Part-time Professional Masters Degree Programme shall run for a minimum
Requirements for Graduation

A candidate must have fulfilled the following conditions to be awarded the Professional
Masters Degree in Agriculture and related disciplines:
The candidate must pass a minimum of 38 credit Units made up of the following:
Courses Units
Core Courses 12
Electives 12
Project 6
Seminar 2
Total 32
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3.3 Academic Masters Degree
i. Philosophy
The philosophy of the Academic Masters Degree Programme in agriculture and
related disciplines is to develop high level manpower to pursue careers in
academics and research.

The Academic Masters Degree Programme in Agriculture is aimed at:
a. Exposing students to advanced courses in relevant areas of agriculture, sciences

and other academic disciplines.
b. Equipping students with research skills through the conduct of supervised
research, seminar presentations and thesis preparation.

Candidates seeking admission for Academic Masters Degree in Agriculture must
have any of the following qualifications from recognized institutions:
a. Bachelor’s degree in Agriculture or related disciplines with a minimum of

Second Class Lower division
b. HND Upper Credit plus PGD at Distinction, in addition to satisfying University
matriculation requirements.
iv. Duration of Academic Masters Degree Programmes

a. The full-time Academic Masters Degree Programme shall run for a minimum
b. The part-time Academic Masters Degree Programme shall run for a minimum
duration of six (6) semesters and maximum of eight (8) semesters.

A candidate must have fulfilled the following conditions to be awarded the Academic
Masters Degree in Agriculture and related disciplines:
Courses Units
Core Courses 12
Electives 12
Project 10
Seminar 2
Total 36
3.4 Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Degree
i. Philosophy
The philosophy of the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Degree Programme in
agriculture and related disciplines is to develop high level manpower to pursue
careers in academics and research. It is to provide the highest degree of
specialization in a particular field in the context of expanding knowledge globally
and solving real life problems.
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The Doctor of Philosophy Degree Programme in Agriculture is aimed at:
a. Equipping students with research skills through the conduct of supervised research,
seminar presentations and thesis preparation.
b. Provide training for those whose future careers lie in teaching and research at the

Candidates seeking admission for Doctor of Philosophy Degree must have the
following qualifications from recognized institutions:
Academic Masters Degree in Agriculture or related discipline with a minimum

CGPA of 3.50.
iv. Duration of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Programmes

a. The Full-time Doctor of Philosophy Degree Programme shall run for a minimum
b. The Part-time Doctor of Philosophy Degree Programme shall run for a minimum

Academic Masters Degree:
Courses Units
Core Courses 21
Electives 9
Project 16
Seminar 2
Total 48
* Of which not more than 24 could be transferred from Masters.
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4.0 POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES IN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND RURAL
SOCIOLOGY
The Postgraduate Programmes in Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology are the following:
Postgraduate Diploma (PGD) in Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology

Professional Master of Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology
Academic Master of Science (MSc) in Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology
Doctor of Philosophy Degree (PhD) in Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology
4.1 POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA IN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND

RURAL SOCIOLOGY
i). Philosophy
The philosophy of postgraduate diploma programme in Agricultural Extension and
Rural Sociology is to provide postgraduate training in Agricultural Extension and
Rural Sociology for Higher National Diploma graduates of Agriculture, other non-
agricultural degree professionals on related discipline wishing to convert to
agriculture and recent graduates of Agriculture who otherwise would not qualify for
admission into Masters Degree Programmes in Agricultural Extension and Rural
Sociology.
ii) Aims and Objectives

The Postgraduate Diploma in Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology is aimed at:
a) Producing persons with advanced knowledge and skills in Agricultural
Extension.
b) Exposing non-agriculture professionals in related disciplines to knowledge,
skills and practice of Agricultural Extension.
c) Provide training in specific aspects of extension methods.
iii) Admission Requirements

Candidates seeking admission for Postgraduate Diploma in Agricultural Extension
and Rural Sociology must have any of the following qualifications from recognized
institutions:
a) Higher National Diploma in Agriculture with minimum of lower credit

b) Minimum 3rd class or pass Degree at Bachelor’s level in Agriculture or related
area.
c) Minimum of Pass in Higher National Diploma plus five (5) years cognate
experience.
iv) Duration of Postgraduate Diploma

a) The Full-time Postgraduate Diploma Programme shall run for a minimum
b) The Part-time Postgraduate Diploma Programme shall run for a minimum
v) Requirements for Graduation

The Programme consists of course work, project work and seminars or special
topics. To be awarded the Postgraduate Diploma in Agricultural Extension and
Rural Sociology, a candidate must have fulfilled the following:
a) Passed a minimum of 26 Credit Units as follows:

Course Units
Core 10
11
Electives 8
Project 6
Special topics 2
Total 26
b) Carried out a research project relevant to the area of specialization and

submitted an acceptable project report.
vi) Postgraduate Diploma Courses in Agricultural Extension and Rural

Sociology
Core Courses Units

Comparative Extension Systems 3
Communication and Teaching Methods
in Extension 3
Statistics and Research Methods 3
Computer Applications in Agriculture 3
Rural Development, Theory and Practice 3
Electives
Technology Transfer in Agriculture 3
Introduction to Micro-economics 3
Introduction to Macro-economics 3
Principles of Farm Management 3
Farm Records and Accounting 3
4.2 PROFESSIONAL MASTER OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND RURAL

SOCIOLOGY
i) Philosophy
The philosophy of the professional Master of Agricultural Extension and Rural
Sociology Programme is to provide advanced professional training for upgrading
knowledge and skills of Bachelors (Honours) degree holders employed in industry,
the Public Service or those on Self-employment.

The Professional Master of Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology Degree
Programme is aimed at:
a) Providing advanced Professional training for graduate employees of

industry, the Public Service or in Self-employment.
c) Providing advanced training in specific aspects of Agricultural Extension
and Rural Sociology

Candidates seeking admission for the Professional Master of Agricultural
Extensions and Rural Sociology must have any of the following qualifications from
recognized institutions
a) Higher National Diploma in Agriculture with a Postgraduate Diploma in

Agricultural Extension
b) Bachelor’s Degree in Agriculture with at least 2nd class degree
12
iv) Duration of the Professional Master of Agricultural Extension and Rural
Sociology Degree Programme
a) The Full-time Professional Master of Agricultural Extension and Rural

Sociology
Degree Programme shall run for a minimum of four (4) semesters and
maximum of six (6) semesters
b) The Part-time Professional Master of Agricultural Extension and Rural
Sociology Degree programme shall run for a minimum of six (6) semesters
and maximum of eight (8) semesters.

The programme consists of course work, project work and seminars or special
topics. To be awarded the Professional Master of Agricultural Extension and Rural
Sociology Degree programme, a candidate must have fulfilled the following
conditions:

Course Units
Core 12
Electives 12
Project 6
Special topics or Seminar 2
Total 32

vi) Professional Master of Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology Courses
Core Courses Units

Agricultural Extension Methods 3
Theory of Rural Sociology 3
Teaching and Communication Methods and
Extension 2
Electives
Leadership and rural Development 3
Adult Education and Learning 3
Rural Development--Theory and Practice 3
Gender Issues in Agrarian and Environmental Change
Television and Radio Production 2
Introduction to Social Science 2
Seminar 2
Project 6
13
4.3 ACADEMIC MASTER OF SCIENCE (MSc.) IN AGRICULTURAL
EXTENSION AND RURAL SOCIOLOGY
i. Philosophy
The philosophy of the Master of Science Degree programme in Agricultural
Extension and Rural Sociology and related disciplines is to develop high level
manpower careers in academic and research.
The Master of Science Degree programme in Agricultural Extension and Rural
Sociology is aimed at:
a) Exposing students to advanced courses in relevant areas of Agricultural
Extension and Rural Sociology, Sciences and other academic disciplines.
b) Equipping students with research skills through the conduct of supervised
research, seminar presentations and project preparation.

Candidates seeking admission for the Master of Science Degree programme in
Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology must have any of the following
qualifications from recognized institutions:
a) Bachelors degree in Agriculture or related disciplines with a minimum of
second class lower division.
b) HND Upper Credit plus PGD at Distinction in addition to satisfying
University Matriculation requirements.
iv. Duration of Academic Masters Degree programme

a) The full-time Master of Science Degree programme in Agricultural
Extension shall run for a minimum duration of four (4) semesters and
maximum of six (6) semesters.
b) The Part-time Master of Science Degree programme in Agricultural
Extension shall run for a minimum duration of six (6) semesters and
maximum of eight (8) semesters.

topics. To be awarded the Master of Science Degree in Agric extension and rural
sociology, a candidate must have fulfilled the following conditions:
a) Passed a minimum of 36 credit units, as follows:
Course Title Units
Core 12
Electives 12
Project 10
Seminar 2
Total 36
b) Carried out a research relevant to the area of specialization and submitted an

acceptable project report.
vi. Academic Master of Science Degree Courses
Course Title Units
14
Core
Rural Community Organisation 3
in Extension 3
Research Methods 3
Computer Application 3
Electives
Selection and Evaluation of Extension Materials 3
Television and Radio Production 3
Comparative Extension Methods 3
Technology Change in Rural Society 3
Application of Sociology to Rural Problems 3
Agricultural Extension Planning and Evaluation 3
The areas of specialization and submitted accepted project report include:

a) Agricultural Extension
b) Agricultural Sociology
4.4 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (PhD) IN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND

RURAL SOCIOLOGY
i) Philosophy
The philosophy of the programme is to develop high level manpower to pursue
careers in Academics and Research in Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology.
It is to provide the highest degree of specialization in the field in the context of
expanding knowledge globally and solving real life problems.
Areas of Specialization
The areas of specialization are as follows:
a) Agricultural Extension
b) Rural Sociology

The doctor of philosophy programme in Agricultural Extension and Rural
Sociology is aimed at:
a) Equipping students with research seminar presentation and thesis

presentation;
b) Provide training for those whose future careers are in teaching and research
at the tertiary level and in research and development in public and private
sectors.
iii) Admission Requirement

Candidate seeking admission for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Agricultural
Extension and Rural Sociology must have any of the following qualifications from
recognized institutions:
Academic Masters Degree in Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology or related
disciplines with a minimum of CGPA of 3.5
15
iv) Duration of the Doctor of Philosophy Degree Programme
a) The full time programme shall run for a minimum duration of four (4)
semesters and maximum of six (6) semesters.
b) The part time programme shall run for a minimum duration of six (6)
semesters and a maximum of eight (8) semesters.

The programme consists of course work and seminars or special topic/seminar. To
be awarded Doctor of Philosophy degree in Agricultural Extension and Rural
Sociology a candidate must have fulfilled the following conditions.
Passed a minimum of 48 credit units as follows:

Courses Units
Thesis/Dissertation 16
Seminar 2
Total: 48*
*of which not more than 21 of these unit may be transferred from Masters
programme.
vi) Doctor of Philosophy Degree Courses
a) Research Methodology
b) Advanced Rural Sociology
c) Extension and Community Development
4.5 SYNOPSIS OF POSTGRADUATE COURSES IN AGRICULTURAL

EXTENSION AND RURAL SOCIOLOGY
1 Postgraduate Diploma in Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology
a) Comparative Extension Systems (2)

- Principle and Practice of Agricultural Extension Methods
- Type of Extension Methods in Agricultural Extension
- History, Organisation and Administration of Agricultural Extension in Nigeria.
b) Communication and Teaching Methods in Extension (2)

Effective learning in rural areas; Communication and diffusion process and models
c) Statistics and Research Methods (2)

Scientific Method and their application in social research statistic analysis:
descriptions and inferential analysis.
d) Computer Application in Agriculture (2)

- Introduction to computer programmes relevant to extension
- Use of computers for the preparation of extension materials.
e) Rural Development Theory and Practices (2)

- Sociological study of the role of rural and agricultural development in developing
countries
- Strategies and models of rural development.
16
2. Professional Masters Degree in Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology
a) Agricultural Extension Methods (3)

- Process and purposes of Communication;
- Models of communication and their element
- Communication and motivation
- Types of Agricultural Extension methods
b) Theory and Rural Sociology (3)

- General Theory of Sociology
- Analysis of rural social systems
- Social change and community organization

- Nature of scientific method
- Application of scientific methods in social research
- Presentation of research results
- Data analysis: descriptive and inferential analysis.
d) Computer Application in Agriculture (3)

- Introduction to computer programmes and manipulations
- Use of computer to prepare extension materials.
3 Academic Masters in Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology
a) Rural Community Organisation (3)

- Principles and concepts of community development.
- The apprehension of principles and concepts of community development in
the analysis of the process and structure of the community.
- Formulation and implementation of community development projects in
developing countries.
b) Communication and Teaching Method (3)

- Effective learning in rural areas;
- Communication and diffusion process and models in agricultural extension

- Scientific Methods and their application in social science
- Statistical analysis;
- Descriptive and inferential analys
d) Computer Applications in Agriculture (3)

- Introduction to computer programmes relevant to agriculture
- Application of computer to specific areas in agricultural extension.
4. Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D) in Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology
a) Research Methodology (3)

- Nature and scope of scientific methods.
- Use of scientific methods in social science;
- Research design
- Data collection and so on
- Data processing; descriptive analysis, hypothesis testing
17
b) Advance Rural Sociology (3)
- Sociological Theories, Analysis of social systems
- Group dynamics
- Leadership pattern
- Social change and community organization
c) Extension and Community Development (3)

- Comparison of principles, concepts and processes of extension
education, adult education.
- Community, rural and agricultural development
18
5.0 POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES IN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
5.1 POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA IN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
i) Philosophy
The philosophy of postgraduate diploma programme in Agricultural Economics is
to provide postgraduate training Agricultural Economics for Higher National
Diploma graduates of Agricultural Economics. It is also to provide agricultural
degree professionals wishing to convert to agriculture and recent graduates of
Agriculture who otherwise would not qualify for admission into Masters Degree
Programmes in Agricultural Economics.

The Postgraduate Diploma in Agricultural Economics is aimed at:
a) Producing persons with advanced knowledge and skills in Agricultural

Economics
b) Exposing non-agriculture professionals but in related fields to knowledge,
skills and practice of farm management
c) Provide training in specific aspects of farm management and technology
transfer.

Candidates seeking admission for Postgraduate Diploma in Agricultural Economics
must have any of the following qualifications from recognized institutions:
a) Matriculation requirement of individual university including English and
Mathematics requirements
b) Higher National Diploma in Agriculture with minimum of lower credit
c) Minimum of Pass Degree at Bachelor’s level in Agriculture or Science
d) Minimum of Pass in Higher National Diploma plus six (6) years cognate
experience.
iv) Duration of Postgraduate Diploma


The Programme consists of course work, project work and seminars or special
topics. To be awarded the Postgraduate Diploma in Agricultural Economics, a
candidate must have fulfilled the following:

Course Units
Core 10
Electives 8
Project 6
Special topics 2
Total 26

19
vi) Postgraduate Diploma Courses in Agricultural Economics
Core Courses
Principles of Micro-economics 2
Principles of Macro-economics 2
Technology Transfer in Agriculture 2
Electives
Rural Development, Theory and Practice 2
Principles of Farm Management 2
Farm Records and Accounting 2
in Extension 2
5.2 PROFESSIONAL MASTER IN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
i) Philosophy
The philosophy of the Master of Agricultural Economics Degree Programme is to
provide advanced professional training for upgrading knowledge and skills of
Bachelors (Honours) degree holders employed in industry, the Public Service or
those on Self-employment.

The Master of Agricultural Economics Degree Programme is aimed at:
a) Providing advanced professional training for graduate employees of
industry, the Public Service or in Self-employment.
b) Providing advanced training in specific aspects of Agricultural Economics

Candidates seeking admission for the Master of Agricultural Economics must have
any of the following qualifications from recognized institutions
a) Matriculation requirement of individual university including Mathematics

and English
b) Higher National Diploma in Agricultural Economics from a recognized
institution with a Postgraduate Diploma in Agricultural Economics at credit
level.
c) Bachelor’s Degree in Agriculture with at least 2nd class lower or a 3rd class
degree with PGD at credit level.
iv) Duration of the Professional Master of Agricultural Economics Degree

Programme
a) The Full-time Professional Master of Agricultural Economics Degree

Programme shall run for a minimum of two (2) semesters and maximum of
four (4) semesters
b) The Part-time Professional Master of Agricultural Economics Degree
programme shall run for a minimum of four (4) semesters and maximum of
six (6) semesters.
20
topics. To be awarded the Professional Master of Agricultural Economics Degree, a
candidate must have fulfilled the following conditions:

Course Units
Core 12
Electives 12
Project 6
Special topics 2
Total 32

vi) Professional Master in Agricultural Economics Courses
Core Courses Units

Applied Micro-Economics Theory 2
Applied Macro-Economics Theory 3
Electives
Project Evaluation 2
Agricultural Price Analysis 2
Environmental Economics 2
Agricultural Marketing Analysis 3
Agricultural Production Economics 3
Agricultural Finance 3
Agribusiness Management 3
Introduction to Econometrics 2
Seminar 2
Project 6
5.3 ACADEMIC MASTERS OF SCIENCE (MSc) DEGREE IN AGRICULTURAL

ECONOMICS
i) Philosophy
The philosophy of the Master of Science Degree Programme in Agricultural
Economics is to develop high level manpower to pursue careers in academics and
research.

The Master of Degree Programme in Agricultural Economics is aimed at:
a) Exposing the students to advanced courses in relevant areas of Agricultural

Economics, agriculture, science and other disciplines.
research, seminar presentation and thesis preparation.
21
Candidates seeking admission for the Master of Science must have any of the
following qualifications from recognized institutions
a) Bachelors degree in agriculture or related discipline with a minimum of

second class lower division.
University matriculation requirements.
iv) Duration of Academic Master Degree Programme

a) The Full-time Master of Science Degree Programme in Agricultural
Economics shall run for a minimum of duration four (4) semesters and
maximum of four (6) semesters
b) The Part-time Masters of Science Degree in Agricultural Economics shall

run for a minimum duration of four (4) semesters and maximum of six
semesters.

topics. To be awarded the Master of Science Degree in Agricultural Economics, a

Course Units
Core Courses 12
Electives 12
Seminar 2
Total 36
acceptable thesis/dissertation.
vi) Courses Required for M.Sc. Agric. Economics are as follows:

Core Courses Units
Micro-Economic Analysis 3
Macro-Economic Analysis 3
Introduction to Quantitative Research Techniques 3
Computer Applications in Agriculture for Social Sciences 3
Elective Courses
Production Economics 3
Farm Management 3
Agricultural Marketing Analysis 3
b) Area of Specialization
Production Economics and farm management 3
Agricultural Marketing and Cooperative 3
Resource and Environmental Economics 3
Agribusiness Management 3
22
5.4 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D) DEGREE IN AGRICULTURAL
ECONOMICS
i) Philosophy
The philosophy of the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D) degree programme in
Agricultural Economics is to develop high level manpower to pursue careers in
academics and research. It is to provide the highest degree of specialization in a
particular field in the context of expanding knowledge globally and solving real life
problems.
The Doctor of Philosophy Degree programme in Agricultural Economics is aimed
at:
a) Equipping students with research skills through the conduct of supervised
research, seminar presentation and thesis presentation;
b) Provide training for those whose future careers are in teaching and research
at the tertiary level and in research and development in the public and
private sector.

Candidates seeking admission for Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Agricultural
Economics must have any of the following qualifications from recognized
institutions:
Academic Masters Degree in Agricultural Economics or related disciplines with
minimum CGPA of 3.5.
iv) Duration of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Programmes

a) The Full-time Doctor of Philosophy Degree programme shall run for a
minimum duration of four (4) semesters and maximum of six (6) semesters.
b) The Part-time Doctor of Philosophy Degree Programmes shall run for a
minimum duration of (6) semesters and maximum of eight (8) semesters.

topics. To be awarded Doctor of Philosophy degree in Agricultural Economics, a
Course Title Units
Core Courses 30*
Seminar 2
Total 48
*Of which not more than 21 may be transferred from Masters programme.
vi) Doctor of Philosophy Degree Courses in Agricultural Economics

Courses Units
Research Methodology 3
Advanced Economics 3
Mathematical Economics 3
23
Areas of Specialisation include:
i) Production Economics and Farm Management
ii) Agricultural Marketing and Cooperative
iii) Agricultural Finance
iv) Resource and Environmental Economics
v) Agribusiness
5.5 COURSE SYNOPSIS FOR THE POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES
1. Postgraduate Diploma in Agricultural Economics
a) Principles of Micro Economics (2)

- The basic economics problems;
- Theory of production, consumption theory
- Price theory,
- Resource allocation, welfare economics
b) Principles of Macro-Economics (2)

- Economic systems;
- National Income determination;
- Saving function investment function, consumption function
- Money and banking, Economic growth, International trade.

- Scientific methods and their application in social research, Data collection
and presentation analysis of statistical data, Hypothesis testing
d) Agricultural Development and Policy (2)

- Theories of agricultural development, Technological change and
Agricultural Development
e) Computer Application in Agriculture (2)

- Introduction to various programmes in computer, the use of computer to solve
farm problems, Statistical analysis with the computer, Farm budget,Linear
Programming
2. Professional Masters in Agricultural Economics
a) Applied Micro-Economics Theory (3)

- Methodology and role models in economic theory, Consumer behaviour,
Theory of production, Price theory, Market models, Welfare economics
b) Applied Macro-Economics (3)

- Macro-economics, Models, National Income determination consumption, Saving,
Investment functions; Demand and supply for money; Monetary and fiscal policy,
Inflation, Employment trade cycles, Economic growth.
c) Computer Application in Agriculture (3)

- Introduction to various soft-wares and programmes in computer relevance to date
analysis in agriculture,
- Use of computer in empirical data analysis.
24
d) Statistics and Research Methods (3)
- Descriptive statistics, Hypothesis testing, Scientific methods;
- Data collection, Analysis and Presentation
3. Academic Masters in Agricultural Economics
a) Micro economic Analysis (3)

- Methodology and role of models in economic theory;
- Theory of consumer behviour – demand function,
- Theory of production – types of production functions price theory;
- Market models, Welfare economics including an extended discussion on
externalities.
b) Macro-economic Analysis (3)

- The classical macro-economic models, Keynsian macro-economics models,
- Consumption, Savings and Investment functions,
- Demand and supply for money, Monetary and fiscal policies as depict by
the IS-LM curves.
- Inflation, Employment, Trade cycle theories, economic growth
c) Introduction to Quantitative Research Techniques (3)

- Measurement and estimation and practical application of the techniques of model
building, statistical inferences, regression and camelatioin economics models
programming in agricultural economics operational research techniques
d) Advanced Computer Application in Agriculture (3)

- Practical application of computer package to solve agricultural economics
problem
4. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Courses in Agricultural Economics
a) Research Methodology
- Nature of scientific project, Procedures involved in scientific research,
- Data analysis; descriptive and inferential analysis,
- Presentation of research results and graphical,
- Written problem of data collection in Nigeria
b) Advanced Econometrics
- Basic statistical principles, Methods of estimation,
- Simple regression analysis, Multiple regression analysis;
- BLUE maximum threshold analysis, Violation of basic BLUE assumptions
and their correction, Time series analysis;
c) Mathematical Economics (3)

- Review of mathematical techniques in Agricultural economics, Calculus,
Integration, Linear algebra, Classical optimization, Games theory and
their application to economic analysis
25
6.0 POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES IN ANIMAL SCIENCE AND PRODUCTION
6.1 POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA (PGD) IN ANIMAL PRODUCTION
i) Philosophy
The philosophy of the postgraduate diploma programme in Animal
Production/Animal Science is to provide postgraduate training for Higher National
Diploma graduates of Agriculture. It is also to provide training for professionals in
related disciplines and graduates of agriculture who otherwise would not qualify for
admission into Masters Degree Programmes in Animal Production/Animal Science.

The Postgraduate Diploma Programme in Animal Production/Animal Science is
aimed at:
a) Producing persons with advanced knowledge and skills in basic and applied
animal science
b) Exposing non-agriculture professionals to knowledge, skills and practice of
modern animal production
c) Providing training in specific aspects of animal production/animal science.

a) Matriculation requirement of individual Universities including Mathematics
and English Language, and
b) Minimum of 3rd class degree in Animal Production/Animal Science or
related disciplines, or a Pass degree with minimum of 5 years cognate
experience, or
c) Minimum of HND Upper Credit in Animal Production/Animal Science or
minimum of Pass at HND with 10 years cognate experience post-
qualification.
iv) Duration of Postgraduate Diploma Programmes


To be awarded the Postgraduate Diploma a candidate must have pass a minimum of
26 credits Units made up of the following:
Course Units
Core 12
Electives 6
Project 6
Special topics 2
Total 26
Core Courses Units

Computer Applications in Animal Production I 2
Livestock Production Systems II 2
Applied Animal Physiology 2
Forage Sciences 2
Applied Animal Breeding 2
Applied Animal Nutrition 2
Total 12
26
6.2 MASTER OF ANIMAL PRODUCTION (MAP)
i. Philosophy
The philosophy of the Master of Animal Production Degree Programme is to provide
advanced professional training for upgrading knowledge and skills of Bachelors
(Honours) degree holders employed in Industry, the Public Service or Self-Employment.

The Master of Animal Production Degree Programme is a professional degree
programme aimed at:
a) Providing advanced professional training in Animal Production for graduate
employees of Industry, the Public Service or in Self-employment.
b. Providing advanced training in specific aspects of Animal Production.

Candidates seeking admission into the Master of Animal Production Degree Programme
shall meet the following requirements:
a) Matriculation requirements of individual Universities including Mathematics and
English Language, and either
b) Minimum of 2nd Class Lower degree, or 3rd class degree with PGD at Credit level in
Animal Science/Production or any related discipline, or
c) Minimum of HND Upper Credit from a recognized institution plus PGD at Credit
level.
iv. Duration of Master of Animal Production Degree Programme

a) The Full-time Master of Animal Production Degree Programme shall run for a
minimum duration of two (2) semesters and maximum of four (4) semesters.
b) The Part-time Master of Animal Production Degree Programme shall run for a

A candidate must pass a minimum of 32 Credit Units made up of the following to
be awarded the Master of Animal Production Degree:
Course Units
Core 12
Electives 12
Project 6
Special topics 2
Total 32
. Core Courses Units

Computer Applications in Animal Production II 3
Advances in Animal Science and Production 3
Marketing of Animal Products 3
Total 12
27
6.3 MASTER OF SCIENCE (M.Sc) IN ANIMAL SCIENCE
i) Philosophy
The philosophy of the Master of Science (MSc) in Animal Science Degree
Programme is to develop high level manpower to pursue careers in academics and
research.

The Master of Science (MSc) in Animal Science Degree Programme is aimed at:
a. Exposing students to advanced courses in relevant areas of Animal Science
and other relevant academic disciplines.
b. Equipping students with research skills through the conduct of supervised

Candidates seeking admission for Master of Science in Animal Science Degree
Programme must have any of the following qualifications from recognized
institutions:
a. Bachelors degree in Animal Science or related discipline with a minimum
of Second Class Lower with CGPA of 3.00 or higher, or
b. HND Upper Credit plus PGD at Distinction, in addition to satisfying
iv. Duration of Master of Science in Animal Science Degree Programme

a. The Full-time Master of Science in Animal Science Degree Programme
shall run for a minimum duration of four (4) semesters and maximum of six
(6) semesters.
b. The Part-time Master of Science in Animal Science Degree Programme
shall run for a minimum duration of six (6) semesters and maximum of
eight (8) semesters.

A candidate must pass a minimum of 36 Credit Units made up of the following to
be awarded the Masters Degree in Animal Science and related fields:
Course Units
Core 12
Electives 12
Project 10
Special topics 2
Total 36
` Core Courses Units

Statistical Methods and Experimental Design 3
Computer Applications in Animal Science 3
Research Techniques in Animal Science 3
Total 12
vi) Areas of Specialization

The areas of specialization in the Master of Science in Animal Science Degree
Programme include the following:
Animal Breeding and Genetics
Animal Nutrition and Biochemistry
Animal Physiology
28
Livestock Production Systems
Forage Science
Electives for Specialized Areas

The student shall be required to take a minimum of 12 units of electives. The
electives include, but are not limited to, the following:
a) Animal Breeding and Genetics Units

Molecular and Biochemical Genetics 3
Quantitative Genetics 3
Immunogenetics 3
Introduction to Population Genetics 3
b) Animal Nutrition and Biochemistry

Advanced Biochemistry 3
Bioenergetics 3
Feeds, feed production and feed-mill management 3
Pasture and Range Management 3
c) Animal Physiology
Advanced Reproductive Physiology 3
Advanced Endocrinology 3
Environmental Physiology 3
Reproductive Management and Controlled Breeding 3
(d) Livestock Production Systems

Livestock farming Systems 3
Livestock Products and Processing 3
Animal Health and Disease Control 3
Principles of Livestock Extension 3
(e) Pasture and Range Management

Advanced Pasture and Range Management 3
Forage Resources and Utilization 3
Forage Conservation 3
Pasture Breeding and Genetics 3
Seminar 2
Total 36
6.4 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D) IN ANIMAL SCIENCE
i) Philosophy
The philosophy of the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Degree Programme in Animal
Science is to develop high level manpower to pursue careers in academics and
research. It is to provide the highest degree of specialization in Animal Science in
the context of expanding knowledge globally and solving real life problems.

The Doctor of Philosophy Degree Programme in Animal Science is aimed at:
29
b) Providing training for those whose future careers lie in teaching and research
at the tertiary level and in research and development in the public and private
sectors.

Candidates seeking admission into the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Animal
Science must have the following qualification from a recognized institution:
Academic Masters Degree in Animal Science or related discipline with a minimum
CGPA of 3.5.

a) The Full-time Doctor of Philosophy Degree Programme in Animal Science
shall run for a minimum duration of four (4) semesters and maximum of six
(6) semesters.
b) The Part-time Doctor of Philosophy Degree Programme in Animal Science
shall run for a minimum duration of six (6) semesters and maximum of eight
(8) semesters.

A candidate must have fulfilled the following conditions to be awarded the Doctor
of Philosophy Degree in Animal Science:
The candidate must pass a minimum of 48 Credit Units made up of the following:
COURSES UNITS
Courses transferred from MSc 21
Electives 9
Project 16
Special Topics/Seminar 2
Total 48
6.5 COURSE SYNOPSES
1. PGD in Animal Production
Ruminant Animal Production 3 Units

The large and small ruminant industries in Nigeria: problems and prospects. Production
systems for different ruminant animal species. Feeding and management, breeding,
housing, health care. Record keeping, judging, selection. Establishment and management of
large and small ruminant enterprises.
Non-Ruminant Animal Production 3 Units

The poultry and pig industries in Nigeria: Problems and prospects. Production systems for
poultry and pigs. Breeds of poultry and pigs and their performance. Breeding, feeding and
general management of animals of different ages. Record keeping, judging and selection.
Incubation and hatchery management for poultry. Buildings and equipment. Diseases and
disease control.
Micro-Livestock Production 2 Units

Definition and scope of micro-livestock production. Development of micro-livestock
industries in Nigeria. Description of breeds of rabbits and other micro-livestock. Feeding,
management, breeding, housing, health-care. Housing and equipment. Record keeping.
Commercial micro-livestock enterprises, processing and marketing.
30
Applied Animal Breeding 2 Units
Characters of concern to the animal breeder. Variation and co-variation. Statistical tools for
studying inheritance. Genetic parameters and their estimation. Selection principles and
methods. Breeding systems. Foundation stock establishment. Lethality.
Applied Animal Nutrition 2 Units

Feed nutrients. Water in relation to nutrition. Nutrient requirements and feeding standards.
Feed formulation. Measurement of nutrient utilization: growth trials, digestion trials,
balance trials, rumen digestion techniques. Microbiology of the rumen, physiology of
rumen action. Non-protein nitrogen utilization. Nutritional disorders.
Applied Animal Physiology 2 Units

Haematology and blood biochemistry. Oestrus detection and synchronization. Artificial
insemination. Pregnancy diagnosis. Introduction to Embryo Transfer. Principles of
Controlled Breeding.
Statistics and Research Techniques in Animal Production 2 Units

Summary statistics of data: mean, variance, standard deviation, coefficient of variation.
Presentation of data: tabulation, graphs. Attributes of population and samples. Sampling
techniques. Experimental designs. Analysis of data: analysis of variance, F and t tests;
correlation and regression. Techniques for studying physiology of reproduction and
nutritive value of feeds. Instrumentation in nutrition research.
Computer Applications in Animal Production I 2 Units

Introduction to the computer: Hardware, Software, Peripherals, Operating Systems.
Microsoft Office Suite, Statistical and Database Packages. Introduction to the Internet:
Wired LAN, Wireless LAN, Browsers, Virtual Libraries, Other On-line Resources and their
uses. Livestock Farm Management Software. World trade in Animal Products and Services.
2. Master of Animal Production (MAP)
Principles and Practice of Cattle Production and Management 3 Units

Establishment of beef and dairy enterprises. Production systems. Calf management Feeding
for milk production. Feedlot fattening for beef. Housing and equipment. Record keeping,
judging, selection, feeding and health management practices. The milk parlour: milking,
milk handling and processing.
Principles and Practice of Small ruminant Production and management 3 Units

Establishment of sheep and goat industries. Production systems. Management of lambs and
kids. Housing and equipment. Record keeping, judging, selection, breeding and health
management practices. Dairy goat production. Ram fattening.
Principles and Practice of Poultry Production and Management 3 Units

Establishment of poultry enterprises. Production Systems. Parent and grandparent
production. Management, feeding and health care of day-old chicks, growers, pullets,
cockerels, broilers, breeders and layers. Housing and equipment. Record keeping, judging,
selection and breeding. Incubation and hatchery management. Handling and marketing of
poultry products. Turkey, duck and guinea fowl production.
Principles and Practice of Swine Production and Management 3 Units

Establishment of Swine enterprise Production Systems. Management, feeding and health
care of different classes of pigs. Farrowing and litter management. Housing and equipment.
Record keeping, judging, selection and breeding. Pig handling, slaughter and processing.
31
Principles and Practice of Micro-livestock Production 3 Units
Establishment of rabbit and other micro-livestock enterprises. Production systems.
Management, feeding and health care of different types of micro-livestock. Housing and
equipment. Record keeping, judging, selection and breeding. Reproductive and
environmental physiology of micro-livestock production.
Practical Feed formulation, Production and Feedmill Management 2 Units

Feeding stuffs and feed supplements. Conventional, alternative and novel feed resources.
Methods of feed formulation for various classes of livestock. Use of computers for ration
formulation and least-cost diets. Quality assessment and standards. Re-cycling of waste.
Planning a feedmill. Machines and equipment in a feedmill. Handling and storage of raw
materials; processing, packaging, storage and delivery of finished products. Personnel
hygiene; health and operational hazards. Economics of feedmill operations.
Animal Health and Disease Control 3 Units

Principles of Animal Health Management. Causative agent of livestock diseases: Viruses,
bacteria, fungi, mycoplasma, protozoa, endo- and ecto-parasites. Important diseases of
different livestock species: causes, symptoms, prevention and control, treatment.
Nutritional deficiencies; metabolic diseases.
Principles of Animal Improvement through breeding 3 Units

Economic characters in different livestock species and their inheritance. Variations in
population. Genetic parameters and their estimation. Tools for genetic improvement:
selection, breeding systems. Breeding strategies for different livestock species.
Pasture and Range Management and Utilization 3 Units

Establishment and production of pasture plants. Pasture improvement techniques; proper
uses of tropical pastures; methods of enhancing quality and utilization; grazing management
and its effect on pasture and animal productivity, stocking rate, carrying capacity, grazing
season, etc. Range management, grazing systems, forage conservation, production of dry
season feeds. Fodder bank development. Methods used to evaluate the nutritive value of
pasture.
3. M.Sc Animal Science

Statistical Methods and Experimental Design 3 Units
Comparing means: t-test, Analysis of variance and F-test. Means separation. Analysis of
covariance. Correlation and Regression. Analysis of categorical data; chi-square.
Importance of designing experiments. Design elements: randomization, replication,
blocking, local control. Experimental designs: Completely Randomized, Randomized
Complete Block, Incomplete Block, Latin Square. Factiorial Experiments, split-plot, split-
split plot, lattice. Missing data, confounding effects.
Computer Applications in Animal Science 3 Units

Introduction to the computer: Hardware, Software, Peripherals, Operating Systems.
Microsoft Office Suite, Statistical and Database Packages. Introduction to the Internet:
Wired LAN, Wireless LAN, Browsers, Virtual Libraries, Other On-line Resources and their
uses. Livestock Farm Management Software. World trade in Animal Products and Services.
On-line communications, websites and website management. Interactive on-line tools. E-
marketing.
Livestock Systems 3 Units

Analyses of Livestock Production systems for the different non-ruminant and ruminant
animal species. Mixed Crop-Livestock Production Systems. Appropriate enterprise mix in
32
livestock production. Management at Farm, Regional and Policy Level. Traditional
Technologies in Animal Production. Crop-Livestock Technologies.
Pasture and Range Management 3 Units

Establishment of dairy and beef cattle, sheep and goat enterprises. Production systems for
the different ruminant animal species. Breeding, feeding, housing and health care. Record
keeping, judging and selection.
Advanced Animal Nutrition 3 Units

Nutrient requirements of pigs, poultry, rabbits, cattle, sheep and goats for various productive
processes. Utilization of industrial by-products, farm wastes and unconventional feedstuffs
in ration formulation.
Advanced Animal Breeding 3 Units

Application of quantitative genetics principles to animal improvement.
Genetic parameters – their estimation and uses. Selection, breeding value, breeding
methods; breeding strategies for different livestock species.
Livestock Products and Processing 3 Units

Preparation for slaughtering, evisceration and dressing; care of carcass and its cuts;
processing and care of hides, skin and wool. Processing and storage of meat and milk; milk
processing and microbiology; milk hygiene. Egg quality and grading; chemistry and
nutritive quality of meat and eggs. Marketing and distribution of animal products.
Molecular and Biochemical Genetics 3 Units

Cytology, basis of inheritance, genetic material and the gene. Biochemical basis of gene
action. Protein synthesis; mutation, genetic control of metabolism; genetic engineering.
Quantitative Genetics 3 Units

Frequencies of genes and genotypes; quantitative treatment of changes of gene frequencies.
Sampling from small populations; values and means, variances. Resemblance between
relatives; heritability, repeatability; selection response and its prediction. Inbreeding and
crossbreeding. Threshold and correlated characters.
Immunogenetics 3 Units
Monoclonal antibodies, antigens, immune systems. Genetic regulation of immune systems.
Genetics of disease resistance and screening of genetic diseases. Immuno-deficiencies.
Introduction to Population Genetics 2 Units

Genetic structure of populations. Attributes of a genetic population (means, variances, gene
frequencies). Changes of gene frequencies in large and small populations. Inbreeding,
random drift and assortative mating.
Advanced Biochemistry 3 Units

Biochemistry of genetic information transfer. Biochemistry of membrane transportation,
oxidative phosphorylation and metabolism control. Biochemistry of blood, muscles, liver
and kidney. Trends in biochemistry of animal feeds and nutrition.
Bioenergetics 3 Units
Importance of energy; energy systems. Estimation and prediction of energy values of feeds.
Partitioning of energy and utilization for body functions. Physiology and biochemical
aspects of energy functions. Physiology and biochemical aspects of energy metabolism.
33
Feeds, Feed Production and Feedmill Management 3 Units
Classification of feeds, feeding stuffs and feed supplements. Chemistry and nutritive value
of feeding stuffs. Concentrate feeds, cereals, legumes and oil seeds. Conventional,
alternative and novel feed resources. General aspects of livestock feed formulation.
Methods of formulation for various classes of livestock. Computers in ration formulation
and least-cost diets. Quality assessment and standardization of feeds. Economics of
feedmill operations.
Pasture and Range Management 3 Units

Adaptation and botany of indigenous and introduced pastures and forage plants.
Characteristics of grasses, legumes and shrubs. Establishment and production of pasture
plants. Utilization and maintenance of pastures. Range management, grazing systems,
forage conservation, production of dry season feeds. Development of fodder crops for
animal feeding. Methods of evaluating the nutritive value of pasture.
Advanced Reproductive Physiology 3 Units

Oogenesis, ova physiology and ovulation. Spermatogenesis, sperm physiology and sperm
output. Pre-determination of sex, embryo sexing. Ovarian and oestrus cycles, corpus luteum
formation and regulation of its function; corpus luteum in pregnancy, luteal regression.
Fertilization, sperm capacitation, implantation, gestation, maternal recognition of pregnancy.
Metabolic changes during pregnancy. Role of the foetal-pituitary-adrenal axis in parturition,
hormonal changes during parturition. Induction and artificial control of parturition,
postparturn physiology. Maternal behaviour and neonatal survival.
Advanced Endocrinology 3 Units

Hormone biosynthesis and secretion; mechanisms of hormone action. Hormonal control of
male and female reproduction. Neural regulation of reproductive hormones. Biological,
physiological and pharmacological effects of hormones. Hormonal-nutritional interaction.
Anti-steroid immunization, use of hormonal growth promoters in livestock production.
Physiologic effects of anti-somatostatin.
Environmental Physiology 3 Units

Climate and livestock production; acclimatization and adaptation; physiological basis of
adaptation. Heat stress and physiological response to it. Heat stress index. Modification of
the micro climate to enhance animal productivity. Management of exotic animals in tropical
environment.
Artificial Insemination 3 Units

Historical development. Role of AI in livestock improvement. Semen collection techniques
in farm animals. Semen evaluation. Principles of semen preservation. Insemination
techniques. Determination of conception and fertility with AI. Organization of AI practice
and management of AI centre. Frozen semen trade.
Animal Behaviour 3 Units

Animal behaviour and livestock production. Neuro-endocrine basis of animal behaviour.
Evolutionary aspects of animal behaviour. Adaptive aspects of animal behaviour. Sexual
behaviour. Aggression and dominance in farm animals. Behavioural considerations in
animal housing and herding. Modification of behaviour patterns in farm animals.
Temperament in dairy cattle. Maternal and neonatal behaviour.
Reproductive Management and Controlled Breeding 3 Units

Flushing, steaming up, neonatal management, oestrus detection, mating system, pregnancy
diagnosis, sire management, management of reproductive disorders. Management of
breeding records, use of computers in reproductive data management Synchronized
breeding; accelerated lambing and kidding.
34
Animal Traction 3 Units
Draft animal selection. Training draft animals. Yokes and harness, hitches. Field operations
and implements. Economics and technical assistance. Animal traction extension.
Advanced Pasture and Range Management 3 Units

Pasture productivity indices; herbage yield measurement, sampling techniques, relationship
between herbage yield and animal productivity. Quality indices and evaluation techniques;
measuring dry matter yields of shrubs and tress used as forage. Range ecology, range
conditions, range land productivity, range land resources; influence of man on range land
productivity.
Forage Conservation 3 Units
Forage conservation methods, problems and methods of enhancing feed quality in the dry
season – intensive feed garden, fodder bank and their uses. Strategic utilization of pasture,
forage conservation and agro-industrial byproducts.
Genetic Engineering of Domestic Animals 3 Units

Aspects of Recombinant DNA Technology. Identification of trait genes, cleavage of DNA,
cloning, selection of recombinant clones, insertion and regulation of inserted DNA or gene.
Production of transgenics. Problems associated with genetic engineering of domestic
animals.
Metabolism of Minerals and Vitamins 3 Units

Chemistry of vitamins and minerals. Function of vitamins and minerals in the metabolism
and physiology of farm animals and their deficiency symptoms. Inter-relationships between
vitamins and minerals.
Metabolism of Energy 3 Units

Metabolism of carbohydrates and fats as it relates to various monogastric species. Recent
trends in carbohydrate and lipid research. Special techniques for metabolic studies relating
to carbohydrates and lipids.
Metabolism of Proteins and Nucleic acids 3 Units

Metabolism of proteins and nucleic acids. Amino acids, amino acid precursors and function
of nucleic acids in protein synthesis. Recent trends in protein and nucleic acid research.
Special techniques for protein and nucleic acid determination and identification.
Instrumentation in Animal Nutrition 3 Units

Use of various instruments in the analysis of feeds, feeding stuffs and animal products.
Principles and techniques of chromatography, spectrophotometry, electrophoretic methods,
calorimeters, thiorimeters, fermentation vats, etc. Recent advances in instrumentation.
Physiology of growth 3 Units

Current concepts of growth in farm animals. Pre-and post-natal growth. Measurement of
growth and growth patterns. Endocrine control of growth. Problems of relative growth.
Ageing.
Digestive Physiology 3 Units

Classification of various digestive systems. Similarities and differences between pigs and
poultry, horses and ruminants. Gastro-intestinal systems of pigs, poultry, horse and cattle.
Physiology of digestion and metabolism of food nutrients in the animal. Role of enzymes
and tissue hormones. Metabolic concepts.
35
Physiology of Lactation 3 Units
Mammary gland growth and development. Hormonal and neural control of lactation. Milk
synthesis; involution of mammary gland. Milk yield and factors affecting milk composition.
Lactation curve. Udder abnormalities, mastitis: etiology, control and management.
Physiology of Egg Production 3 Units

Physiology of egg formation and lay. Energetics of egg production. Nutrients for egg
production. Hormonal influences on ovulation and formation of various components. Egg
production curve and factors affecting it. Efficiency of egg production.
36
7.0 POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES IN FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE
i) Philosophy
The philosophy of the postgraduate programmes in fisheries and aquaculture is to develop
highly skilled manpower for the fisheries and aquaculture sectors of the economy. The
programmes will equally produce competent scientists and researchers for Universities and
Research Centres as well as the Public and Private Sectors able to compete globally and to act
as change agents within the Nigerian economy.

The Postgraduate Programmes in fisheries and aquaculture are aimed at:
a) Producing persons with advanced knowledge and skills in fisheries and aquaculture
must have any of the following qualifications from recognized institutions.
b) Exposing professionals in related disciplines to knowledge, skills and practices of
modern fisheries and aquaculture
c) Providing training in specific aspects of fisheries and aquaculture
d) Providing advanced professional training for graduate employees of industry, the
public service or in self-employment
e) Equipping students with research skills through the conduct of supervised
research, seminar presentations, project and thesis preparation
f) Providing training for those whose future careers lie in teaching and research at
the tertiary level and in research and development in the public and private sectors.
7.1 POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA (PGD)
i. Philosophy
training in agriculture for Higher National Diploma graduates of Agriculture. It is
also to provide training for professionals in related disciplines, and graduates in
agriculture who otherwise would not qualify for admission into Masters Degree
Programmes in fisheries and aquaculture.

The Postgraduate Diploma Programme in Fisheries and Aquaculture is aimed at:
a) Producing persons with advanced knowledge and skills in fisheries and
aquaculture
b) Exposing professionals in related disciplines to knowledge, skills and practices
of fisheries and aquaculture
c) Providing training in specific aspects of fisheries and aquaculture.

a) Matriculation requirements of individual Universities including Mathematics
b) A candidate with at least 3rd class degree in Fisheries and Aquaculture and
related disciplines or a pass degree with five years cognate experience.
c) Minimum of HND Upper Credit from a recognized institution in fisheries and
aquaculture or related disciplines may also be considered.

a. The full-time Postgraduate Diploma Programme shall run for a minimum
b. The part-time Postgraduate Diploma Programme shall run for a minimum
37
The candidate must pass a minimum of 26 credit Units made up of the following
CORE COURSES UNITS

Fisheries Management and Development in Nigeria 2
Statistical Methods and Research Techniques 2
Fisheries Ecological Survey 2
Limnology and Hydrobiology 2
Tropical Aquaculture Systems 2
Total 10
Seminar 2
Project 6
ELECTIVE COURSES 8
Total 26
7.2 PROFESSIONAL MASTER DEGREE IN FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE

(MFA)
i) Philosophy
The philosophy of the Professional Masters Degree Programme in fisheries and
aquaculture is to provide advanced professional training for upgrading knowledge
Service or Self-Employment.

The Professional Masters Degree Programme in fisheries and aquaculture is aimed
at:
a. Providing advanced professional training for graduate employees of
Industry, the Public Service or in Self-employment.
b. Providing advanced training in specific aspects of fisheries and aquaculture.

Candidates seeking admission into the Professional Masters Degree Programme in
fisheries and aquaculture must have any of the following qualifications from
recognized institutions.
a) Matriculation requirements of individual University including Mathematics and
English Language.
b) At least 2nd Class Lower degree or third class/pass degree with PGD at Credit
level, or
c) Minimum of HND Upper Credit in fisheries and aquaculture plus PGD at Credit
level.
iv. Duration of Professional Masters Degree Programmes

a) The full-time Professional Masters Degree Programme shall run for a minimum
b) The part-time Professional Masters Degree Programme shall run for a minimum
38
Professional Masters Degree in fisheries and aquaculture:
CORE COURSES UNITS

Computer Applications in Fisheries and Aquaculture 3
Fish Breeding Technology 3
Finfish Nutrition and Feed Technology 3
Seminar 2
Project 6
ELECTIVE COURSES 12
Total 32
Course Synopsis
Statistical Methods and Research Techniques 2 Units
Experimental design and statistical analyses, sampling methods, information review, report
writing and presentation, general laboratory techniques. Planning of experiments. analysis of
variance: transformation of data; experimental designs such as completely randomized
design. Analysis of data from qualitative variables; application of correlation and regression
analyses in agricultural experiments.
Fisheries Resource Economics 2 Units

Humanistic understanding and goals of human welfare. The economic theory of fisheries
models and stock assessment methods of fisheries management. Cost benefit analysis,
marketing and trade in fisheries and aquaculture products.
Fish Pond Design and Construction 2 Units

Introduction and history of fish culture in ponds. The site and type of fish farm, water
supply etc. selection of fish. Fish pond construction survey, slope, drainage, water control
structures. Including one week field trip to any approved fish farm.
Fisheries Ecological Survey 2 Units

Field studies of plants, fisheries, soil and water. Types of selected aquatic project areas.
Methods of field studies in aquatic ecological survey. Evaluation of man’s impact on aquatic
ecosystem. Interrelationship within ecosystems, energy transfers, trophic levels and energy
flow. Influence of theoretical environment on aquatic bodies.
Limnology and Hydrobiology 2 Units

Aspects of community and habitat ecology, the trophic levels of various aquatic ecosystems.
Limnology of fresh and brackish waters and limiting functions of the physicochemical
potentials of water bodies. Water chemistry of importance in fisheries management.
Fisheries Extension 2 Units

Principles and practice of extension education, role of community participation in
conservation of fish including demonstration meetings, exhibitions, visual aids etc.
Fish Marketing and Co-operatives 2 Units

Traditional and modern marketing systems. Formation/organization of cooperatives, fish
economics – capital investment and depreciation of equipment, supply and demand, cost of
distribution.
39
Fisheries Management and Development in Nigeria 2 Units
Overview of current status of fisheries in Nigeria. Local technologies in capture and culture
fisheries. Preservation and processing methods of fisheries products. Methods of small-scale
and commercial fish farming, harvesting, gear and craft designs in relation to fish habits and
habitats, small crafts and gear maintenance, pond culture, fishes of Nigeria.
Fish Farming Techniques 2 units

Definition and types of aquaculture systems. Fish culture methods and integrated fish
culture. History and status of aquaculture in Nigeria. Site selection and selection of fish for
aquaculture. Principles and methods of stocking, feeding, liming and fertilization. Water
quality requirements. Types and application of organic and inorganic fertilizers. Harvesting
practices.
Pond Construction and Maintenance 2 units

Site selection and survey. Design and construction of earthen production, breeding, nursery
ponds. Fish pond accessories - spillway, monks, water inlet, monk boards and screen.
Construction of other fish culture enclosures (concrete tanks, cages, pens, raceways).
Construction of simple hatchery units, drainage facilities, flow-through system for fish
production. Maintenance of ponds, channels and drainage facilities.
Fish Population Dynamics 2 units

Definition and objectives of fish stock assessment. Estimation of growth parameters, the von
Berthalanffy growth equation. Variabilities and applicabilities of growth parameters.
Age/length composition data from a single survey and multiple surveys. Methods for
estimation of growth parameters from length at age data. The Gulland and Holt plot. Fishing
efforts and catch per unit efforts. Population estimation: age and growth, sex ratio, natality
(recruitment) and mortality. Computation of yields from given recruitments.
7.3 MASTER OF SCIENCE (M.Sc.) DEGREE IN FISHERIES AND

AQUACULTURE
i) Philosophy
The philosophy of the Academic Masters Degree Programme in fisheries and
aquaculture is to develop high level manpower to pursue careers in academics and
research.

The Academic Masters Degree Programme in fisheries and aquaculture is aimed at:
a) Exposing students to advanced courses in relevant areas of fisheries and
aquaculture

Candidates seeking admission for Academic Masters Degree in fisheries and
aquaculture must have any of the following qualifications from recognized
institutions:
a) Bachelor’s Degree in Agriculture or related disciplines with a minimum of
Second Class Lower division
b) HND Upper Credit plus PGD at Distinction, in addition to satisfying University
40
iv. Duration of Academic Masters Degree Programmes
a) The full-time Academic Masters Degree Programme shall run for a minimum
b) The part-time Academic Masters Degree Programme shall run for a minimum

A candidate must have passed a minimum of 36 credit Units made up of the
following to be awarded the Academic Masters Degree in fisheries and aquaculture:
CORE COURSES UNITS

Computer Applications in Fisheries and Aquaculture 3
Fish Parasites, Diseases and Control 3
Fish Hatchery Technology 3
Seminar 2
Dissertation 10
ELECTIVE COURSES 12
Total 36
vi) Course Synopsis
Limnology and Hydrobiology (3 units)

Properties of natural and man-made lakes. Thermal properties and stratifications. Physico-
chemical properties of fresh, brackish and marine waters, hydrology and water cycle.
Identification and study of the characteristics fauna and flora of importance in tropical
freshwater and coastal swamps. Ecology, utilization and management of aquatic fauna and
flora. Control of aquatic weeds.
Fish and Shellfish Nutrition (3 units)

Principles of fish nutrition. Feeding methods, factors affecting nutritive value of feeds.
Nutrient requirements of fish and shrimps. Natural and artificial feeds, supplementary feeds,
concentrates, purified, semi-purified and practical diets. Conventional and non-conventional
sources of feedstuffs. Processing of fish feeds. Toasting, autoclaving, extrusion and
pelleting. Use of plant and animal wastes in fish feeds and other products as substitutes in
fish diet. Importance of fish meal in fish feeds and development of alternatives to fishmeal
and fish oil. Factors affecting fish growth and importance of anti-nutritional factors.
Fish Taxonomy and Biology (3 units)

Principles of systematics. Phylo-genetic relationships. Taxonomy and detailed study of
major commercial fish species in Nigeria’s inland, estuarine and marine waters.
Identification of fish species using keys and monographs. Morphology of bony and
cartilaginous fishes. Respiration, Reproduction, excretion, osmoregulation, food and feeding
habits, circulatory and nervous systems.
Water Quality and Aquatic Toxicology (3 Units)

Physical properties of water bodies; water chemistry, nutrient cycles and aquatic
productivity; sampling methods and analyses. Effects of pesticides and industrial
contaminants on fish, crustaceans and mollusks within Nigeria coastal waters. Ecological
toxicology, responses of aquatic species to excess nutrients, diseases and chemical stressors
Pollution and its effects on aquatic life, ecological characteristics of polluted waters and
methods for maintaining and improving water quality (chemical, mechanical, biological).
41
Fish Feed Technology (3 units)
Nutrients sources, types of feedstuffs/ingredients and their chemical compositions. Feed
supplements and concentrates. Classification of foods, feedstuffs for aquafeeds. Chemistry
and nutritive values of foods, feedstuffs and fish supplements. Methods of aquafeed
formulation, preparation and properties. Pelleting, extrusion and physical and biological
evaluation improvement. Processing techniques involved in aquafeed formulation.
Components of a feedmill. Packaging and storage of faquafeeds.
Fish Physiology and Behaviour (3 units)

Fish growth and development. Determination of growth and age using spines, scales,
otoliths, opercula, bones, and carbon dating. Reproduction and factors affecting both growth
and reproduction in fish. Growth and reproduction in shell fish and their measurements.
Different shapes and designs of fish in relation to aquatic environment. Natural
environmental adaptation and physiological basis for navigation, migration, respiration,
reproduction, feeding, temperature, salinity and light.
Fish Biochemistry (3 units)

Fish, their composition and food value, water metabolism, chemistry and metabolism of
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, hormones, vitamins, minerals and antibiotics, energy transfer
systems, general enzyme systems, general cell molecular biology to include membrane,
processes, biochemistry of growth maintenance and reproduction, endocrine chemistry and
biochemistry.
Fisheries Management and Conservation (3 units)

Basic concept of fisheries development and management (unexploited, underexploited,
overexploited fisheries resources). Basic and practical objectives of fish management and
conservation in Nigeria. Fisheries administration and legislation: problems of enforcing
laws. Development and management of lakes, rivers, brackish and marine waters.
Traditional methods of fisheries management, administration and conservation in Africa e.g.
taboos, superstition, festivals and the roles of traditional heads/rulers. Government policy in
fisheries administration and management. Roles and activities of governments in fisheries
development and management in Nigeria.
Fisheries Economics (3 units)

Economic constraints in fisheries development; free access to fishery, sustainable yield
curve and total revenue curve. Bionomic equilibrium, factor rents, welfare economic theory
and its relevance for fisheries externalities in fisheries capital investment and depreciation of
equipment; consumer and consumption patterns; fishery resources and right of ownership.
Economic principles involved in managing factors of production – land, labour and capital.
Feasibility reports writing and assessment reports of fishery facilities.
Fishing Gear Technology (3 units)

Definition of fishing gear and craft. Concept of fishing gear technology and trends of
development. Classification of fishing activities and gears. Types of fishing gear and fishing
craft, properties of the material used in the construction of hooks, traps and nets. Fishing
gear construction materials, netting gear, non-netting gear, twine notation and numbering
system. Floats, sinkers and their characteristics and properties. Assessment of efficiency of
fishing gear. Design and construction of different types of fishing gear and their
maintenance.
Fish Parasites, Diseases and Control (3 units)

Identification, morphology, taxonomy and life history of fish parasites. Viral disease:
Lymphocystis; bacterial infections, ephitheliocystis, fungal infections: Saprolegnia and
42
Branchiomyces infection. Ectoparasitic protozoa, endoparasitic protozoa. Trematode worms,
cestode worms, nematode worms. Ecological effects of parasite population in water bodies.
Statistical Methods and Research Techniques in Fisheries (3 units)

Review of biometrical concepts in agriculture: planning of experiment: analysis of variance:
transformation of data; experimental designs such as completely randomized design. Least
square, missing values, multiple comparisons, nested designs, factorial experiments. Split-
spot and split-split-plot designs; analysis of data from qualitative variables; application of
correlation and regression analyses in agricultural experiments.
Fisheries Extension and Cooperatives (3 units)

Principles and methods of programme planning, extension need educational objectives,
learning experience, clientele participation plan of work etc. organizing associations and
cooperatives, concepts of evaluation applied to fisheries and wildlife extension,
dissemination of research findings to field workers. Types of cooperatives, importance,
formation, functions, rules and accessibility to loan for credit facilities.
Fisheries Policy and Administration (3 units)

Fisheries legislation in Nigeria. National laws regarding aquatic resources management.
National and state Policies on fisheries planning and use. Administrative structure of
fisheries management in Nigeria. Problems of fisheries conservation in Nigeria. Fisheries
institutions, conservation strategies, fisheries policy and laws of Nigeria. International laws.
Laws of the sea.
Fish Breeding and Larviculture (3 units)

Fish seed production in aquaculture, artificial propagation, selection and rearing of
broodfish, induced spawning of cultivated fish species in Nigeria. Hormone administration,
artificial fertilization, incubation and hatching of eggs. Techniques of larval rearing of fry
and fingerlings. Design, maintenance, construction management techniques of indoor and
outdoor hatcheries. Diseases management in fish hatcheries, transportation of fish seeds.
Sales and economics of fish seed production, record keeping in fish hatcheries.
Fish Genetics (3 units)

Types of reproduction and reproductive cycles in bony and cartilaginous fishes. Principles
of hybridization and polyploidy in fish. Gametogenesis. Monohybrid and dihybrid
inheritances. Cytological bases of inheritance. Probability and Goodness of fit. Linkage,
crossing-over and genetic mapping of chromosomes. Polygenic inheritance. Sex
determination, inheritance related to sex in ornamental fishes. Identification of genetic
material. Protein synthesis code.
Post Harvest Technology (3 units)

The structure of fish muscle, the principal components of fish muscle and factors affecting
their composition, major causes of fish spoilage, physical and chemical changes in fish
muscle during and after rigor mortis, techniques of fish preservation and processing,
chemical and physical methods of fish quality assessment, organoleptic measurement of fish
spoilage, international standards for fisheries products.
Population Regulation in Fisheries Management (3 units)

Population dynamics, factors affecting fish population, single and multiple fish species.
Population control methods in aquaculture; mechanical, biological and chemical control of
fish population. Management practices for regulating fish population. Density dependent
and density independent factors in fish population regulation, fishing, and capturing effects
on fish population movement, cropping, sport fishing and hunting as methods of fish
population regulation, causes of migration, emigration and immigration in fish. Territorial
behaviour and aggression in fishes.
43
Aquaculture Engineering (3 units)
Pond construction engineering, design and construction of fish cages, tanks, and other
impounding structures, classification and design of different types of water pumps, types of
aeration and filtration devices, their design and construction. Waste management techniques
in aquaculture production, biofiltration system, type of aerators, degassing etc. Water
recirculating systems and aquaponics
Marine Fisheries Resources (3 units)

Marine environment and its physical features, plankton resources, primary production, food
chain relationships. Factors influencing primary and secondary production. Principal marine
fisheries of Nigeria. Benthic and reef fishes, coastal pelagic fishes, oceanic pelagic fishes,
demersal fishes. Status and trends of major fish resources in the region. Sharks, turtles,
marine birds, marine mammals.
7.4 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D.) DEGREE
i Philosophy
The philosophy of the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Degree programme in Fisheries
and Aquaculture is to develop high level manpower to pursue careers in academics
and research. It is to provide the highest degree of specialization in a particular field
in the context of expanding knowledge globally and solving real life problems.

The Ph.D programme in Fisheries and Aquaculture is aimed at:
b) Provide training for those whose future careers lie in teaching and research at
the tertiary level and in research and development in the public and private
sectors.

Candidates seeking admission for Doctor of Philosophy Degree in fisheries and
aquaculture must have the following qualifications from recognized institutions:
Academic Masters Degree in fisheries and aquaculture with a minimum CGPA of

3.50.
iv. Duration of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Programmes

a) The full-time Degree Programme shall run for a minimum duration of four (4)
semesters and maximum of six (6) semesters.
b) The part-time Doctor of Philosophy Degree Programme shall run for a
minimum duration of six (6) semesters and maximum of eight (8) semesters.
44
following to be awarded the Doctor of Philosophy Degree:
CORE COURSES UNITS

Core courses transferred from M.Sc. Fisheries and Aquaculture 21
Seminar 2
Dissertation 16
ELECTIVE COURSES 9
Total 48
vi) The areas of specialization/options are:

a) Aquaculture
b) Marine Biology
c) Fisheries Biology
d) Fish Nutrition
e) Fish Processing and Utilization
f) Fisheries Economics
g) Fisheries Extension and Marketing
h) Fisheries Policy and Management
45
8.0 POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES IN AGRONOMY/CROP SCIENCE/CROP
PRODUCTION/PLANT SCIENCE
8.1 POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA (PGD) IN AGRONOMY/CROP SCIENCE/ CROP

i) Philosophy
The philosophy of the postgraduate diploma programme in Agronomy/Plant
Science/Crop Science/Crop Production is to provide postgraduate training in these
(fields) for Higher National Diploma graduate of Agriculture, professionals wishing
to convert to agriculture and recent graduates of Agriculture who otherwise would
not qualify for admission into the Masters Degree Programmes in these fields.

The Postgraduate Diploma Programme in Agronomy/Plant Science, Crop Science
and Crop Production is aimed at:
a) Producing persons with advanced knowledge and skills in this fields.
b) Exposing professionals in related fields to knowledge, skills and practice of
the above disciplines
c) Provide training in specific aspects of these disciplines.

Candidates Seeking admission for postgraduate Diploma in Agronomy/Plant
Science/Crop Science/Crop Production must have any of the following
(a) Higher National Diploma in Agriculture with minimum of lower credit.
(b) Minimum of pass Degree at Bachelor’s level in Agriculture plus a minimum
of five years cognate experience.
(c) Minimum of pass in Higher National Diploma plus ten (10) years cognate
experience.
(iv) Duration of Postgraduate Diploma Programmes

a) The full time Postgraduate Diploma Programme shall run for a minimum
duration of two (2) semesters and a maximum of four (4) semesters.
(v) Course Structure

Core Courses Units
Computer Application in Agriculture I 2
Statistical Methods and Experimental Design 2
Principles and Practices of Crop Production 2
Introduction to Cropping Systems 2
Mineral Nutrition of Plants 2
Electives 8
Project 6
Seminar 2
26
(vi) Requirement for Graduation
topics. To be awarded the Postgraduate Diploma in Agronomy/Plant Science/Crop
Science and Crop Production, a candidate must have:
46
a) Passed a minimum of 26 credit units in each of the fields as follows:
Courses Units
Core Courses 10
Electives 8
Seminar 2
Project 6
Total 26

8.2 PROFESSIONAL MASTERS IN AGRONOMY/CROP SCIENCE/PLANT

SCIENCE
(i) Philosophy
The philosophy of Professional Master of Agronomy/Plant Science/Crop Production
is to provide advanced professional training for upgrading knowledge and skills of
candidates employed in industry, the Public Service or those on self employment.
(ii) Aims and Objectives

The Professional Master of Agronomy/Plant Science/Crop Science/Crop Production
is aimed at:
industry, the public service or in self – employment
b) Providing advanced training in specific aspects of the mentioned areas.
(iii) Admission Requirements

Candidates seeking admission for any of the above Master degrees must have any of
the following qualifications from recognized institutions:
a) Higher National Diploma with a Postgraduate Diploma in Agriculture and
related disciplines.
b) Bachelor’s Degree in Agriculture
(iv) Duration of the Professional Master of any of the programmes

(Agronomy/Plant Science/Crop Science/Crop Production)
a) The full time Master of above fields shall run for a minimum of two (2)
semesters and maximum of four (4) semesters.
b) The Part-time master programme in any of the field shall run for a
minimum of four (4) semesters and maximum of six (6) semesters.
(v) Requirements for Graduation

The programmes consists of course work project work and seminars or special
topics.
To be awarded the Professional Master of Agriculture in any of the fields, a
candidate must have passed a minimum of 32 credit units as follows:
47
Course Units
Core Course 12
Electives 12
Project 6
Special topic or seminar 2
Total 32
vi) Course Structure

Core Courses Units
Computer Applications in Agriculture II 3
Statistical Methods, Design and Analysis of
Experiments 3
Advanced Crop Production 3
Soil fertility and Plant Nutrition 3
Electives 12
8.3 ACADEMIC MASTERS (M.SC) IN AGRONOMY/CROP SCIENCE/CROP

PRODUCTION /PLANT SCIENCE WITH SPECIALIZATION IN AGRONOMY,
CROP PHYSIOLOGY, HORTICULTURE, PLANT BREEDING, WEED
SCIENCE, SEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY.
i) Philosophy
The philosophy of Academic Masters Degree programmes in Agronomy/Plant
Science/Crop Science/ Crop Production is to develop high level manpower to
pursue careers in academics and research.

a) The Academic Masters Degree programme in these disciplines are aimed at
exposing students to advanced courses in the relevant areas or fields and
other academic disciplines.
Candidates seeking admission for the Academic Masters Degree in any pf these
fields must have any of the following qualifications from recognized institutions.
a) Bachelors degree in Agriculture or related discipline with a minimum of second
class lower division.
b) HND Upper Credit plus PGD at Distinction in addition to satisfying university
iv) Duration of Academic Masters Degree Programmes

a) The full time Academic Masters Degree programme shall run for a
b) The part-time Academic Masters Degree programmes shall run for a
minimum duration of six (6) semesters and maximum of eight (8)
semesters.
48
Candidates must have fulfilled the following conditions to be awarded the
Academic Masters Degree in Agriculture:.
a) The candidate must pass a minimum of 36 credit units made up of the

following:
Courses Units
Core Courses 12
Electives 12
Seminars 2
Total: 36
vi) Possible Electives in Areas of Specialization*

a) General Agronomy Option
Crop Physiology 3
Crop Growth Analysis 3
Weed Management 3
Crop Mineral Nutrition 3
Principles of Pest and Disease Control 3
b) Crop Physiology Option

Crop physiology 3
Crop Ecology 3
Research Techniques in crop physiology 3
Soil and Plant analysis 3
Crop Growth Analysis 3
c) Horticulture Option
Fruit and vegetable crop production 3
Plant propagation techniques 3
Crop physiology 3
Horticultural Methods 3
Post-Harvest physiology 3
d) Plant Breeding and Genetics Option

Advanced plant breeding 3
Advanced Cytogenetics 3
Biometrical Genetics 3
Plant Genetic Resource Conservation 3
Plant Biotechnology 3
e) Weed Science Option

Weed Biology and Ecology 3
Weed Management 3
Research Methods in Weed Science 3
Physiology and Biochemistry of Herbicide
action 3
General Biochemistry 3
f) Seed Science and Technology Option

Seed Biology 3
Seed Production and Certification 3
Seed Analysis, Testing and Certification 3
Seed Technology 3
Stored Products Entomology 3
49
Plant Breeding 3
*This list is not exhaustive
8.4 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D) IN AGRONOMY/CROP SCIENCE/CROP

The PhD programmes in Agronomy/Crop Science/Crop Production/Plant Science will be

offered with specialization in:
Agronomy
Crop Physiology
Horticulture
Plant Breeding
Weed Science
Seed Science and Technology
i. Philosophy
The philosophy of the Doctor of philosophy (PhD) Degree programmes in
Agronomy/Plant Science Crop production/Crop Science is to develop high level
manpower to pursue courses in academic and research. It is to provide the
highest degree of specialization in a particular field in the context of expanding
knowledge globally and solving real life problems.
ii. Aim and Objectives

The Doctor of philosophy Degree programmes in these fields is aimed at:
(a) Equipping students with research skills through the conduct of supervised
(b) Provide training for those whose future course lie in teaching and
research at the tertiary level and in research and development in the
public and private sector.
iii. Admission Requirement

Candidate seeking admission for Doctor of philosophy Degree in any of these
fields must have academic Master’s Degree in any of these fields of Agriculture
or related discipline with a minimum CGPA 3.5
from recognized institutions.
iv. Duration of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Programmes:

(a) The full-time Doctor of philosophy Degree programmes shall run for a
minimum duration of four (4) semesters and maximum of six (6)
semesters.
(b) The part-time Doctor of Philosophy Degree Programme shall run for a
semesters.
vi. Requirements for Graduation
50
following to be awarded the PhD Degree in Agriculture and related fields:
COURSE UNITS
Course transferred from M.Sc 21
Electives 9
Seminar 2
Total 48
8.5 COURSE SYNOPSIS FOR AGRONOMY/CROP SCIENCE/CROP

PRODUCTION/PLANT SCIENCE PROGRAMMES
a) Postgraduate Diploma in Agronomy/Crop Science/Crop Production/Plant

Science
Statistical Methods and Experimental Design 2 credit

Definition and scope of statistics, collection, tabulation and graphical presentation of
statistical data. Measurement of central tendency and dispersion, frequency distribution,
probability distribution, t-test, hypothesis testing, simple correlation and regression analysis,
Principles of experimentation, factors influencing plant size, plot shape, number of
replications, experimental layout, analysis of data and interpretation of results.
Introduction to Cropping Systems 2 credit

Discussion of the concept, principles and modalities of different cropping systems,
monocropping, mixed cropping, relay cropping, alley cropping, agro-forestry, crop rotation,
ratoon cropping, and other systems sustainability of crop production in relation to cropping
system.
Principles and Practices of Crop Production 2 credit

Climate, soil, economic and social conditions affecting crop production and growth. Crop
culture, propagation, soil and climate requirement, fertilizers, handling, distribution and
economic analysis of specific crops cropping patterns and land use system.
Mineral Nutrition of Plants 2 credit

Historical aspects of plant nutrition. The soil as a source of plant nutrients, Physical and
chemical processes involved in uptake and movement of ions in plants. Ion interactions, The
essential elements and their functions. Importance of mineral elements in plants for purposes
other than satisfying plant growth requirements.
b) Professional and/or Academic Masters/Ph.D Programmes
Advanced Crop Production 3 credit

Physiological origins of crop yield, Potential versus harvest yield and the role of
environmental factors. Management practices employed in Crop production, farming
systems – traditional and modern concepts, the eco-physiological consideration of multiple
cropping, contemporary models in cropping systems and research methods.
Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition 3 credit
51
Soil fertility in relation to physical and chemical characteristics of soils. Nutrient absorption
and distribution in plants, effects of fertilizer and lime, C.E.C, organic matter and pH on
nutrient availability and uptake, fertilizer use and technology.
Statistical Methods, Design and Analysis of Experiments 3 credit

Statistical notation, averages and standard deviations, normal distributions, t-distribution
and confidence limits, statistical hypothesis and tests of significance, discrete data,
principles of experimental design;
Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition 3 credit

Soil fertility in relation to physical and chemical characteristics of soils. Nutrient absorption
and distribution in plants. Effects of fertilizer and lime, C.E.C, organic matter and pH on
nutrient availability and uptake, fertilizer use and technology
Statistical Methods, Design and Analysis of Experiments 3 credit

Statistical rotation, averages and standard deviations, normal distributions, t-distribution and
confidence limits, statistical hypothesis and test of significance, discrete data, Principles of
experimental design; the completely randomized, randomized complete block, (lattice)
square, split-plot, nested and incomplete block (lattice) designs, Analysis of variance,
Covariance, Partial and multiple regression and correlations, Matrices and regression
Crop Physiology 3 credit

Environmental factors affecting crop growth and yield, Crop responses to light, temperature
humility and day length. Physiological processes in crop growth and development
52
9.0 POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES IN CROP PROTECTION
9.1 POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA (PGD) IN CROP PROTECTION
i) Philosophy
The philosophy of the postgraduate diploma programme in Crop Protection is to
provide postgraduate training for Higher National Diploma graduates of
Agriculture. It is also to provide training for professionals in related disciplines and
graduates of agriculture who otherwise would not qualify for admission into
Masters Degree Programmes in Crop Protection.

The Postgraduate Diploma Programme in Crop Protection is aimed at:
(a) Producing persons with advanced knowledge and skills in basic and applied
crop protection.
(b) Exposing non-agriculture professionals to knowledge, skills and practices of

modern crop protection
(c) Providing training in specific aspects of crop protection
iii) Admissions Requirements

Candidates seeking admission for Postgraduate Diploma in Crop Protection must
have any of the following qualifications form recognized institutions, in addition to
satisfying the University Matriculation requirements.
a) Minimum of 3rd Class degree in Agriculture/Crop Protection or related

disciplines, or a Pass degree with minimum of 5 years cognate experience.
b) Minimum of HND (Upper Credit) from a recognized institution in agriculture or

related discipline or a pass in HND with 10 years cognate experience.
iv) Duration of Postgraduate Diploma Programme

a) The Full-time Postgraduate Diploma Programme should normally run for a
minimum duration of two (2) semesters and maximum of four (4) semesters.
b) The Part-time Postgraduate Diploma Programme should normally run for a
v) Graduation Requirements
a) Pass a minimum of 26 credit units made up of the following:
Course Units
Core 10
Electives 8
Project 6
Special topics 2
Total 26

53
a) Core Course Units

Computer Application in Agriculture 1 2
Statistics and Experimental Design 2
Insect pest management 2
Disease management 2
Weed management 2
b) Elective 8
c) Project 6
d) Seminar 2
Total 26
9.2 PROFESSIONAL MASTERS (MCP) IN CROP PROTECTION
(i) Philosophy
The philosophy of the Professional Masters in Crop Protection Degree Programme
is to provide advanced professional training for upgrading knowledge and skills of
Bachelors (Honours) degree holders employed in Industry, the Public Service or in
Self-Employment.

The Master of Crop Protection Degree Programme is a Professional Degree
Programme aimed at:
(a) Providing advanced professional training in Crop Protection for graduate
employees of Industry, the Public Service or in Self-employment.
(b) Providing advanced training in specific aspects of Crop Protection

Candidates seeking admission for Postgraduate Diploma in Crop Protection must
have any of the following qualifications from recognized institutions in addition to
satisfying the University Matriculation requirements.
a) Minimum of 2nd Class Lower degree or 3rd class degree with PGD at
Credit level, in Agriculture/Crop Protection or any related discipline.
b) Minimum of HND (Upper Credit) from a recognized institution, in
Agriculture or related discipline plus PGD at Credit level.
(iv) Duration of Master of Crop Protection Programme

a) The Full-time Master of Crop Protection Degree Programme should normally run
for a minimum duration of two (2) semesters and maximum of four (4) semesters.
b) The Part-time Master of Crop Protection Programme should normally run for a
54
A candidate must have fulfilled the following conditions to be awarded the Master
of Crop Protection Degree:
a) Pass a minimum of 32 credits units made up of the following:
COURSES UNITS
Core Courses 12
Electives 12
Project 6
Special topics 2
Total 32

(vi) Courses Structure

Courses Units
Computer Application in Agriculture II 3
Statistical Methods, Design and Analysis of Experiments 3
Advanced pest management 3
Plant disease control principle 3
Electives 12
Project 6
Seminar 2
Total 32
9.3 ACADEMIC MASTERS (MSc) PROGRAMME IN CROP PROTECTION
(i) Philosophy
The philosophy of the Academic Masters (MSc) Degree Programme in Crop
Protection is to develop high level manpower to pursue careers in academics and
research..

The Academic Masters in Crop Protection Degree Programme is aimed at:
a) Exposing students to advanced courses in relevant areas of Crop Protection
and other relevant academic disciplines.

Candidates seeking admission for the Academic Masters Degree in Crop
Protection must have any of the following qualifications from recognized
institutions in addition to satisfying the University Matriculation
requirements:
a) Bachelor’s degree in Agriculture/Crop protection or related discipline with
a minimum of 2nd class lower, with CGPA of 3.00 or above; or
b) HND Upper credit plus PGD with Distinction,
(iv) Duration of Academic Masters in Crop Protection Programme
55
(a) The Full-time MSc. in Crop Protection Degree Programme should
normally run for a minimum duration of four (4) semesters and a
maximum of six (six) semesters.
b) The Part-time MSc. in Crop Protection Degree Programme should
normally run for a minimum duration of six (6) semesters and

MSc in Crop Protection Degree:
a) Pass a minimum of 36 Credits made up of the following
Course Units
Core 12
Electives 12
Project 10
Special topics 2
Total 36

The areas of specialization in the Master of Science in Crop Protection Degree

Programme include the following:
General Crop Protection
Entomology
Phytopathology
(vi) Courses Structure

Courses Units
Computer Applications in Agriculture II 3
Statistical Methods, Design and Analysis of Experiments 3
Techniques in agricultural reseasrch 3
Ecological principles and methods 3
Total 12
Electives 12
Projects 10
Seminar 2
TOTAL 36
9.4 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (PhD) IN CROP PROTECTION
(i) Philosophy
The philosophy of the Doctor of Philosophy Programme in Crop Protection is to
develop high level manpower to pursue careers in academics and research. It is to
provide the highest degree of specialization in Crop Protection in the context of
expanding knowledge globally and solving real life problems.

The Doctor of Philosophy Programme in Crop Protection is aimed at:
56
b) Providing training to those whose future careers lie in teaching and research at the

Candidates seeking admission into the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Crop
Protection must have the following qualification from a recognized institution in
addition to satisfying the University Matriculation requirements:
Academic Master’s Degree in Crop Protection or related discipline with a minimum
CGPA of 3.5
(iv) Duration of the Doctor of philosophy Degree Programme

a) The Full-time PhD Degree Programme should normally run for a minimum
duration of four (4) semesters and a maximum of six (six) semesters.
b) The Part-time PhD Degree Programme should normally run for a minimum

A candidate must have fulfilled the following conditions to be awarded the PhD in
Crop Protection Degree:
Pass a minimum of 48 Credits made up of the following:
Course Units
Credits transferred from MSc 21
Electives 9
Seminar 2
Total 48
9.5 COURSE SYNOPSES
Computer Application in Agriculture I 2 Units

Introduction to computers. History of computers. Functional components of computers.
Hardware, software, operating systems. Use computers data analysis and production of
repots.
Computer Application in Agriculture II 3 Units

Introduction to computer hardware, software and operating systems. Microsoft office, data
management and analysis packages. Internet connectivity, browsing, virtual libraries.
Computer-based modeling packages in agricultural science.
Insect Pest Management 2 Units

Importance of insects in the ecosystem. Insect control and reduction of crop loss by
chemical and non chemical methods. Definition and principle of integrated pest
management.
Disease Management 2 Units

Importance of disease in crop production. Factors influencing disease incidence and
severity. Disease control and reduction of crop loss by chemical and non chemical methods.
Weed Management 2Units

Importance of weeds in the ecosystem. Principles and practice of weed management in field,
horticultural and plantation crops
57
Advanced pest management 3 Units
Ecological principles and methods with reference to the study of insect population. The
effect of farming practices on pest incidence and crop loss. Insect control and reduction of
crop loss by chemical and non chemical methods in the field and in storage. Evaluation of
insect control programme.
Plant disease control principles 3 Units

Natural defence mechanisms. Factors influencing disease incidence and severity.
Biotechnology and genetic engineering in disease control. Evaluation of disease control
programme.
Techniques in Agricultural Research 3 Units

Specimen preparation. Stain technology. Theory and use of microscope and microtomes.
Photography and photomicrography. Greenhouse experimentation. Sampling and population
assessment for pathogens.
Ecological Principles and Methods 3 Units

Ecological principles and methods with particular reference to the study of insect
population. Physical and biotic factors affecting abundance and distribution of insects and
their interrelationships. Insect surveys and assessment of damage.
58
10.0 POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES IN FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
The following programmes in Food Science and Technology will be offered:
o Postgraduate Diploma (PGD) in Food Science and Technology

o Professional Master’s Degree in Food Science and Technology (MST)
o Academic Master’s Degree in Food Science and Technology (M.Sc.)
o Doctor of Philosophy Degree (Ph.D.) in Food Science and Technology
10.1 POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA IN FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
i) Philosophy
The philosophy of the postgraduate diploma programme in Food Sciences and
Technology is to provide postgraduate training in Food Science and Technology for
Higher National Diploma graduates of Agriculture, other non-agricultural degree
professionals wishing to convert to agriculture, and recent graduates of agriculture
who otherwise would not qualify for admission into Masters Degree Programmes in
Food Science and Technology.

The Postgraduate Diploma Programme in Food Science and Technology is aimed
at:
a) Producing persons with advanced knowledge and skills in food science and
technology
b) Exposing non-agricultural professionals to knowledge, skills and practice of
food science and technology
c) Providing training in specific aspects of food science and technology.

Candidates seeking admission for Postgraduate Diploma in Food Science and
Technology must have any of the following qualifications from recognized
institutions:
a) Higher National Diploma in Agriculture with a minimum of upper credit.
b) Minimum of Pass Degree at Bachelor’s level with five (5) years cognate
experience .
c) Minimum of Pass in Higher National Diploma plus ten (10) years cognate
experience.


topics. To be awarded the Postgraduate Diploma in Food Science and Technology, a
a) Passed a minimum of 26 Credit Units, as follows:
Course Units
Core 10
Electives 8
Project 6
Special topics 2
Total 26
59
vi) Postgraduate Diploma Courses in Food Science and Technology
Core Courses Units

Food Chemistry and Biochemistry 2
Food Processing and Preservation 2
Food Analysis and Instrumentation I 2
Computer Applications 2
Electives 8
Seminars 2
Project 6
Total 26
Elective Courses
Food Microbiology I & II 2x2
Food Engineering I & II 2x2
Food Packaging 1
Food Quality Control 1
Physical Properties of Food Materials 1
Work in Food Processing 1
vii) Core Course Synopses
Food Chemistry and Biochemistry 2 Units

The structural, chemical and physical characteristics of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and
vitamins. Food enzymes and their roles in food systems. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic
browning. Rancidity in fats and oils. Food pigments. Postmortem changes in animal
products. Toxicants in food stuffs and their mode of degradation in the body.
Food Processing and Preservation 2 Units

Principles of food preservation, cereal and legume processing, flour and bakery products.
Manufacture of oil and fat based products. Fish, meat and poultry processing. Manufacture
of dairy products. Production of sugar. Products from tubers and roots. Principles and
application of canning of foods.
Food Analysis and Instrumentation I 2 Units

Analysis of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, toxicants, minerals, vitamins and food additives.
The principle and application of gas liquid chromatography, high performance liquid
chromatography, column chromatography (including gel permeation and ion exchange
chromatography), electrophoresis, polarimetry, spectrophotometry (visible, ultraviolet,
infrared) and fluorimetry in food analysis.
Statistics and Research Methods 2 Units

Introduction to research and research designs. Components of a research project
Nutrition survey: steps, planning, sampling technique and sample size determination; data
collection techniques (quantitative and qualitative, constructing questionnaire and
interviewing. Techniques used in nutrition research involving laboratory animals and man:
balance studies, turnover, flux, stable isotope technology etc.; use of experimental diets;
ethical consideration; data processing: sorting data, performing quality-control checks,
computer computation; oral presentation: choosing the subject, organizing the talk, audio
visuals, dealing with questions.
60
Computer Applications 2 Units
Elements of programming and data base management; network analysis and its use in -diet
planning; computerization of menus, meal plans, food cost and recipes used in quantity
cooking; recording case history and diet prescription in counselling; recording
anthropometricand clinical data of patients; use of computers in arriving at the nutritional
values of prescribed diets; planning of standard hospital diets for different income groups
and computation of nutritional value; computerization of values of clinical laboratory tests
and reference standards.
10.2 PROFESSIONAL MASTERS DEGREE IN FOOD SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY.
i) Philosophy
The philosophy of the Professional Master of Food Science and Technology Degree
Programme is to provide advanced professional training for upgrading knowledge
Service or those on Self-Employment.

The Professional Master of Food Science and Technology Degree Programme is
aimed at:
a) Providing advanced professional training for graduate employees of Industry,
the Public Service or in Self-employment.
b) Providing advanced training in specific aspects of Food Science and
Technology.

Candidates seeking admission for the Professional Master of Food Science and
Technology Degree programme must have any of the following qualifications from
a) Higher National Diploma (Upper Credit) in Food Science and Technology or
Agriculture with a PGD (Credit Level).
b) Bachelor’s degree in Food Science and Technology or Agriculture with at
least 2nd class lower division.
c) A 3rd Class degree with a PGD passed at credit level.
d) Pass degree with five (5) years cognate experience.
iv) Duration of the Professional Master of Food Science and Technology Degree
Programme
a) The Full-time Professional Master of Food Science and Technology Degree
Programme shall run for a minimum duration of two (2) semesters and
maximum of four (4) semesters.
b) The Part-time Professional Master of Food Science and Technology Degree
Programme shall run for a minimum duration of four (4) semesters and

topics. To be awarded the Master of Food Science and Technology Degree, a
61
Course Units
Core 12
Electives 12
Project 6
Special topics 2
Total 32
b) Carried out a research project relevant to the area of specialization

and submitted an acceptable project report.
vi) Professional Master of Food Science and Technology Degree Courses

Core Courses Units
Food Chemistry 3
Food Processing and Preservation 3
Electives 12
Project 6
Seminar 2
Total 32
Elective Courses+
Food Microbiology 2
Food Engineering 2
Food Analysis and Instrumentation II 2
Fermentation and Brewery Technology 2
Freezing preservation of Foods 2
Chemical Preservation of Foods 2
Thermal Preservation of Foods 2
Advanced Bakery and Confectionery Technology 2
Food Biochemistry 2
Food Packaging 1
Food Quality Control 1
Food Product Development 1
Food Process Plant Design 1
Pilot Work in Food Processing 1
Microbiology of Food Products 1
+ Electives listed are not exhaustive
vii) Core Course Synopses for the Professional Master of Food Science and
Technology
Food Chemistry 3 Units

The structural, chemical and physical characteristics of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and
vitamins. Food enzymes and their roles in food systems. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic
browning. Rancidity in fats and oils. Food pigments. Postmortem changes in animal
products. Toxicants in food stuffs and their mode of degradation in the body.
Food Processing and Preservation 3 Units

Principles of food preservation, cereal and legume processing, flour and bakery products.
Manufacture of oil and fat based products. Fish, meat and poultry processing. Manufacture
of dairy products. Production of sugar. Products from tubers and roots. Principles and
application of canning of foods
62
Statistics and Research Methods. 3 Units
Introduction to research and research designs. Components of a research project Nutrition
survey: steps, planning, sampling technique and sample size determination; data collection
techniques (quantitative and qualitative, constructing questionnaire and interviewing.
Techniques used in nutrition research involving laboratory animals and man: balance
studies, turnover, flux, stable isotope technology etc.; use of experimental diets; ethical
consideration; data processing: sorting data, performing quality-control checks, computer
computation; oral presentation: choosing the subject, organizing the talk, audio visuals,
dealing with questions.

Elements of programming and data base management; network analysis and its use in - diet
anthropometric and clinical data of patients; use of computers in arriving at the nutritional
10.3 ACADEMIC MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN FOOD SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY
i) Philosophy
The philosophy of the Master of Science Degree Programme in Food Science and
Technology (M.Sc. Food Science & Tech) and related disciplines is to develop high
level manpower to pursue careers in academics and research.

The Master of Science Degree Programme in Food Science and Technology is
aimed at:
a) Exposing students to advanced courses in relevant areas of food science and
technology, agriculture, sciences and other academic disciplines.
Candidates seeking admission for the Master of Science Degree Programme in Food
Science and Technology must have any of the following qualifications from
a) Bachelors degree in Agriculture or related discipline with a minimum of
Second Class Lower
b) HND Upper Credit plus PGD at Distinction, in addition to satisfying

a) The Full-time Master of Science Degree Programme in Food Science and
Technology shall run for a minimum duration of four (4) semesters and
b) The Part-time Master of Science Degree Programme in Food Science and
Technology shall run for a minimum duration of six (6) semesters and
63
topics. To be awarded the Master of Science Degree in Food Science, a candidate
must have fulfilled the following conditions:

Course Units
Core 12
Electives 12
Project 10
Special topics 2
Total 36
b) Carried out a research and submitted an acceptable thesis/dissertation

in any of the areas of specialization listed as follows:
Food Microbiology and Biotechnology

Food Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biotechnology
Food Quality Control and Assurance
Brewing Science and Technology
Food Engineering
Food Processing and Storage Technology

Core courses Units
Food Analysis and Instrumentation II 3
Advanced Food Microbiology 3
Electives 12
Seminar 2
Total 36
Areas of Specialization for Electives+

a) Food Microbiology and Biotechnology
Courses Units
Advanced Food Chemistry I 2
Engineering Properties of Foods 2
Food Microbial Ecology 3
Applied and Food Microbiology 3
Food Biotechnology 3
Food and Bioprocess Systems 3
Total 16
b) Food Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biotechnology

Courses Units
Engineering Properties of Food 2
Advanced Food Chemistry II 3
Chemistry of Fermented Food Products 3
Chemometric, Biochemical and
Biotechnological Methods 3
Total 16
64
c) Food Quality Control and Assurance
Courses Units
Food Safety Assurance 3
Sensory Evaluation of Food 3
Flavour Analysis and Application 3
Total 16
d) Brewing Science and Technology

Courses Units
Food Carbohydrates 3
Advanced Food Fermentation I 3
Total 16
e) Food Engineering
Courses Units
Advanced Fluid Mechanics 3
Advanced Thermodynamics 3
Food Polymer Science: Principles and Applications 3
Advanced Food Process Plant Design I 3
Total 16
f) Food Processing and Storage Technology

Courses Units
Advanced Packaging and Storage Technology 3
Operations Control in Food Processing 3
Material Handling in Processing and Storage 3
Total 16
+ Electives listed are not exhaustive
Synopses of Core Courses
Food Analysis and Instrumentation II 3 Units

Principles and practice of food analysis, sample preparation. Chromatography including
high performance liquid chromatography, spectrophotometry, polarimetry, flame
photometry, etc. Electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, viscometry, membrane filtration.
Determination of food contamination and indicators of food spoilage. Modern techniques in
food analysis.
65
Advanced Food Microbiology 3 Units
The microflora of foods. Beneficial and harmful food microorganisms. Food as a substrate
for microbial propagation. Relationship of microorganisms to food spoilage including
biochemical breakdown of nutrients. Food poisoning: type of microorganisms, toxin
produced and mode of poisoning.
Statistics and Research Methods 3Units

Introduction to research and research designs. Components of a research project. Nutrition

Elements of programming and data base management; network analysis and its use in diet
10.4 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D) DEGREE IN FOOD SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY
i) Philosophy
The philosophy of the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D) Degree Programme in Food
Science and Technology and related disciplines is to develop high level manpower
to pursue careers in academics and research. It is to provide the highest degree of

The Doctor of Philosophy Degree Programme in Food Science and Technology is
aimed at:
sector.

Candidates seeking admission for Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Food Science and
Technology must have the following qualifications from recognized institutions:
Master of Science degree in Food Science and Technology or related discipline with
a minimum CGPA of 3.5.
66
a) The Full-time Doctor of Philosophy Degree Programme shall run for a
b) The Part-time Doctor of Philosophy Degree Programme shall run for a

topics. To be awarded the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Food Science and
Technology, a candidate must have fulfilled the following conditions:
Course Units
Credits transferred from MSc 21
Electives 9
Seminar 2
Total 48

acceptable thesis/dissertation in any of the areas of specialization.
Areas of Specialisation
Food Microbiology and Biotechnology
Food Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biotechnology
Food Quality Control and Assurance
Brewing Science and Technology
Food Engineering
Food Processing and Storage Technology
a) Food Microbiology and Biotechnology Specialization

Recent Advances in Food Science & Technology 3
Research Techniques in Food Science & Technology 3
Public Health Microbiology 3
Microbial Genomics 3
b) Food Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Specialization

Advanced Food Chemistry III 3
Food Enzymologist and Proteomics 3
c) Food Quality Assurance Specialization

Advanced Food Chemistry III 3
d) Brewing Science and Technology Specialization

Advanced Food Fermentation II 3
67
e) Food Engineering Specialization
Heat and Mass Transfer Processes 3
f) Food Processing and Storage Technology Specialization

Thermal Processing of Foods II 3
68
11.0 POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES IN HOME ECONOMICS/SCIENCE
The following programmes in Home Economics/Science will be offered:

Postgraduate Diploma (PGD) in Home Economics/Science
Professional Masters Degree (MHE/S) in Home Economics/Science
Academic Masters Degree (M.Sc.) in Home Economics/Science
Doctor of Philosophy Degree (Ph.D.) in Home Economics/Science
11.1 POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA IN HOME ECONOMICS/ SCIENCE
i) Philosophy
The philosophy of the postgraduate diploma program is to provide postgraduate
training in Home Economics/Science for candidates with degree in Agriculture, Arts
and Sciences or Higher National Diploma (HND) graduates wishing to convert to
Home Economics/Science. It is also designed for recent graduates of Home
Economics/Science who otherwise would not qualify for admission into Masters
Degree program in the Department.

The Postgraduate Diploma Programme in Home Economics/Science is aimed at:
a) Producing persons with advanced knowledge and skills in Home
Economics/Science
b) Exposing non-Home Economics/Science professionals to knowledge, skills
and practice in Home Economics/Science.
c) Provide training in specific aspects of Economics/Home Economics/ Home
Science

Candidates seeking admission to Postgraduate Diploma in Home
Economics/Science must have any of the following qualifications from recognized
institutions:
a) Higher National Diploma in relevant fields with a minimum of upper Credit.
b) Minimum of Pass Degree level in Agriculture or Arts or Sciences with five
(5) years cognate experience.
experience
d) Minimum of 3rd class degree in Agriculture or Arts or Sciences

duration of four (4) semesters and maximum of six (6) semesters
v) Requirement for Graduation

The program consists of course work, project work and seminar. To be awarded the
Postgraduate Diploma in Home Economics/Science, a candidate must have fulfilled
the following conditions:
69
Course Units
Core Courses 10
Electives 8
Project 6
Seminar 2
Total 26
b) Carry out a research project relevant to the area of specialization and submit
an acceptable project report
Core Courses
General and Applied Nutrition 2
Principles of Resource Management 2
Basic Foods: production, processing and Preparation 2
Statistics and Research methods in Home Science 2
Seminar 2
Project 6
Electives 8
Total 26
Elective Courses+
Fundamentals of Textile and Clothing 2
Principles of Human Growth and Development 2
Personnel and Institutional Management 2
Housing, Design and Management 2
Furniture and furnishings 2
Food Service Systems and Administration 2
Advanced food Preparation 2
Clothing Construction 2
Clothing Care and Repair 2
Family Development 2
Marriage and Family relations 2
Family Life Education and Planning 2
Principles and Administration of Childcare Programmes 2
Practice of Child Care 2
+ Elective list is not exhaustive
Course Synopsis for PGD programme in Home Economics/Science
General and Applied Nutrition 2 Units

Nutritive value of tropical foods and Nigerian diets; Adequacy of food supply; selection and
formulation of adequate diet; enrichment, supplementation, complementation and
fortification; Food habits and their determinants; control of appetite; nutritional needs of
children, pregnant and lactating women, adolescents and the elderly; nutrition, infection and
immune responses; physiology of growth, pregnancy and lactation.
Principles of Resource Management 2 Units

Theories and concepts of using individual, family and community resources; identification
of existing resources; values and goals in management; decision making process; farm home
and business management and their interfaces; model for use of existing resources; resource
productivity; identification of potential resources; organizing access to finance; maintenance
culture in environmental and resource development.
70
Basic Foods: production, processing and preparation 2 Units
Food sources, nutrient content, utility availability, production, storage and preservation etc.
of the following: Cereals, legumes, starchy roots and tubers. Fruits and vegetables; Oil
seeds and nuts; meat and products; Fish and other products, poultry, eggs and other such
snails, edible insects. Scientific principles of handling and cooking of foods, measuring
techniques, leavening agents, flour mixtures, modern and traditional equipment procedures
in relation to food expenditures.
Introduction to research and research designs. Components of a research project. Nutrition

11.2 PROFESSIONAL MASTERS DEGREE IN HOME ECONOMICS/SCIENCE
i) Philosophy
The philosophy of the Professional Master of Home Economics/Science Degree
The Professional Master of Home Economics/Economics Degree Programme is
aimed at:
a) Providing advanced professional training for graduate employees in
Industry, the Public Service or in Self-employment
b) Providing advanced training in specific aspects of Home Economics/Science

Candidates seeking admission for the Professional Master of
Home/Economics/Science Degree Programme must have any of the following
a) Higher National Diploma (Upper Credit) in Home Economics/Science with a

Postgraduate Diploma (Credit level) in Home Economics/Science.
b) Bachelor’s degree in Home Economics/Science with at least 2nd class lower
division.
c) 3rd class degree with PGD passed at credit level.
d) A pass degree with PGD at credit level
71
iv) Duration of the Professional Master of Home Economics/Science Degree
Programme
a) The Full-time Professional Master of Home Econmoics/Science Degree
b) The Part-time Professional Master of Home Economics/Science Degree

topics. To be awarded the Masters of Home Economics/Science Degree, a candidate
Course Units
Core Courses 12
Electives 12
Project 6
Seminar 2
Total 32
Areas of specialization in Home Economics/Science are:

Family and Child Studies
Textile, Clothing and Fashion Design
Family Resource Management (Home Management
Interior Decoration and Design
Food and Nutrition
Hospitality and Institutional Management

Core Courses
Problems and Issues in Home Economics/Science 3
Entrepreneurship development and management 3
Statistics and Research Methods in Home economics/ Science 3
Computer Applications in Home Economics /Science 3
Project 6
Seminar 2
Electives 12
Total 32
Electives: Students are permitted to take relevant elective courses from the various areas of
specialization to make up the required credit units
a) Family and Child Studies

Advanced Resource Management 3
Theories of Human Development and Personality 3
Principles of Childcare 2
Early Childhood Education and Organization 2
Creative Experiences for Children 2
Developing Educational and Play Materials 2
Childcare equipment and material management 2
Principles and Administration of Childcare programme 2
72
b) Textile, Clothing and Fashion Design
Textile and Clothing Trends and Developments 2
Advanced Pattern Design, Design and Alteration 2
Clothing Construction 2
Sewing Projects for the Home 2
Clothing care and repair 2
Handicraft: Design and preparation 2
Household Textiles and Furnishings 2
Computer Aided Apparel and Textile Design 2
c) Family Resource Management (Home Management)

Management of Family Systems 2
Family Financial Accounting and Management 2
Human Resource/Personnel Management 2
Household and Institutional Equipment and Management 2
Consumer Guidance and Counseling 2
House and its Interior 2
Food Production and Management 2
d) Interior Decoration and Design

Housing and Design 2
Interior Materials and Finishes 2
Floriculture/Flower Arrangements 2
Non-Residential Interior Design and Aesthetics 2
Residential Interior Design and Aesthetics 2
Furniture and Furnishings 2
Landscape design and management 2
Functional Design for Special Needs 2
Household Textile and Furnishings 2
e) Food and Nutrition

Macro nutrients in human nutrition 3
Micro nutrients in human nutrition 3
Practice of Nutrition 2
Nutritional Assessment 2
Advance Food Preparation and Management 2
Product development and Testing 2
Food, preservation, processing and utilization 2
Food Services and Administration 2
f) Hospitality and Institutional Management

Advanced food preparation 2
Quantity food production 2
Food quality and safety 2
Institutional Equipment and Management 2
Hospitality facilities design 2
Food service systems and management 2
73
11.3 ACADEMIC MASTERS (MSc) IN HOME ECONOMICS/SCIENCE
i) Philosophy
The philosophy of the Master of Science Degree Program in Home
Economics/Science (M.Sc Home Economics/Science) and related disciplines is to
develop high level manpower to pursue careers in academics and research.

The Master of Science Degree Program in Home Economics/Science is aimed at:
a) Exposing students to advanced courses in relevant areas of Home
Economics/Science and other academic disciplines.
c) Preparing men and women who would operate as administrators, policy
makers for international, federal and state public agencies as well as
academic institutions and research organizations.

Candidates seeking admission for the Master of Science Degree Program in Home
Economics/Science must have any of the following qualifications from recognized
institutions:
a) Bachelor’s degree in Home Economics/Science or related discipline with a
minimum of Second Class Lower.
b) HND Upper Credit plus PGD at credit level pass in addition to satisfying
iv) Duration of Academic Masters Degree Programs

a. The Full-time Master of Science Degree Program in Home
Economics/Science shall run for a minimum duration of four (4) semesters
and maximum of six (6) semesters.
b. The Part-time Master of Science Degree Program in Home
Economics/Science shall run for a minimum duration of six (6) semesters
and maximum of eight (8) semesters.

The program consists of course work, dissertation/thesis and seminars. To be
awarded the Master of Science Degree in Home Economics/Science, a candidate
Course Units
Core Courses 12
Electives 12
Seminar 2
Total 36
b) Carried out a research relevant to the area of specialization and

submitted an acceptable thesis/dissertation.
Areas of Specialization in Home Economics/Science are:
Family and Child Studies
Textile, Clothing and Fashion Design
Family Resource Management (Home Management)
Interior Decoration and Design
Food and Nutrition
Hospitality and Institutional Management
74
Core Courses
Problems and Issues in Home Economics/Science 3
Entrepreneurship development and management 3
Statistics and Research Methods in Home economics/ Science 3
Computer Applications in Home Economics /Science 3
Seminar 2
Electives 12
Total 36
Specialized areas electives
a) Family and Child Studies

Theories of Human Development and Personality 3
Advances in Life Span Development 2
Gender Issues in Human Development and Family Studies 2
Marriage and Family Guidance and Counseling 2
Assessment and Techniques in Family Studies 2
Parent Education 2
Methods and Techniques of Assessment in Human Development 2
Early Childhood Education and Organization 2
Creative Experiences for Children 2
Developing Educational and Play Materials 2
Childcare equipment and material management 2
Assessment of Young Child Behavior and Guidance for Children 2
b) Textile, Clothing and Fashion Design

Textile and Clothing Trends and Developments 2
Pattern Cutting/ Clothing for Different Groups 2
Traditional, Contemporary and Specialized Tailoring/Construction 2
Sewing Projects for the Home 2
Fundamentals of color and dyeing 2
Household Textiles and Furnishings 2
Chemistry of textile finishes and dyeing 2
History of Textiles and costumes 2
Textile and Apparel Quality Analysis 2
Computer Aided Apparel and Textile Design 2
c) Family Resource Management (Home Management)

Ecology and Environment 3
Management of Family Systems 2
Family Financial Accounting and Management 2
Work Simplification and Analysis 2
Time and Energy Management 2
Household and Institutional Equipment and Management 2
Occupational Stress Management 2
House and its Interior 2
Food Production and Management 2
75
d) Interior Decoration and Floriculture
Housing and Design 2
Interior Materials and Finishes 2
Floriculture/Flower Arrangements 2
Fundamentals of Color and Dyeing 2
Non-Residential Interior Design and Aesthetics 2
Residential Interior Design and Aesthetics 2
Furniture and Furnishings 2
Landscape design and management 2
Functional Design for Special Needs 2
Household Textile and Furnishings 2
e) Food and Nutrition

Macro nutrients in human nutrition 3
Micro nutrients in human nutrition 3
Nutritional disorders 2
Advanced Community Nutrition 2
Nutrition, infection and immunity 2
Food Commodity Studies, Preparation and Management 2
Product development and Testing 2
Food Quality Analysis and Assessment 2
Preservation, processing and utilization of indigenous food resources 2
f) Hospitality and Institutional Management

Advanced food preparation 2
Quantity food production 2
Institutional Equipment and Management 2
Hospitality facilities design 2
Food service systems and management 2
Occupational Stress Management 2
Course Synopsis for M.Sc Degree in Home Economics/Science
Problems and Issues in Home Economics/Science 3Units

Current issues of interest and controversy in Home Economics: the status of Home
economics as a profession; gender issues in Home Economics; Family goals and values;
Childrearing practices; etc
Entrepreneurship Studies 3 Units

Entrepreneur- concept, development and need for entrepreneurial development;
entrepreneurship growth- economic, social, cultural; personality, psychological and
sociological factors affecting growth; traits for entrepreneurial development- functions and
roles of women entrepreneurs, problems and strategies for solving problems; entrepreneurial
project planning- steps, building plans, using CPM for action plan, resource allocation,
budgeting; project implementation- organizing, controlling, launching, monitoring,
evaluation; funding agencies- registration of project; filing returns and assessment;
76
institutions for entrepreneurial training; training models and participatory management of
human resources performance, appraisal, working climate, changing roles and constraints of
entrepreneurial development. Importance and scope of entrepreneurship; need for
developing enterprise; theories of enterprise; entrepreneurship-traits, functions and types;
process of entrepreneurship and project management; management principles and practices
as applicable to entrepreneurship; introduction to accounting and financial statements;
sources of finance; financial and developmental institutions assisting small entrepreneurial
ventures; location and layout of enterprise; marketing management practices for small scale
enter-
Statistics and Methods 3 Units

Classification , types and methods of data collection in Home Science; descriptive statistics
(frequency distribution, measures of central tendency and dispersion); cross-tabulations and
chi square analysis; mean separation; simple linear regression; correlation ; test of
hypothesis.

cooking; recording case history and diet prescription in counselling; recording-
11.4 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (PhD) DEGREE IN HOME

ECONOMICS/SCIENCE
i) Philosophy
The philosophy of the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Degree Programme Home
Economics/Science and related disciplines is to develop high level manpower to
pursue careers in academics and research. It is to provide the highest degree of

The Doctor of Philosophy Degree Programme Home Economics/Science is aimed
at:
b) Providing training for those whose future careers lie in teaching and
research at the tertiary level and in research and development in the public
and private sector.

Candidates seeking admission for Doctor of Philosophy Degree Home
Economics/Science must have any of the following qualifications from
Academic Masters degree in Home Economics/Science or related discipline
with a minimum GPA of 3.5.
77
semesters.
The programme consists of course work, project work and seminars. To be awarded
the PhD Home Economics/Science, a candidate must have fulfilled the following
conditions:
Courses Units
Transferred from M. Sc. 21
Electives 9
Seminar 2
Total 48
vi) Doctor of Philosophy Degree Courses

The areas of specialization for electives are as stated for Academic Masters
Degree programme.
78
12.0 POSTGRADUATE HUMAN NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
The following programmes in Human Nutrition and Dietetics will be offered:

o Postgraduate Diploma (PGD) in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
o Professional Masters Degree (MHN/S) in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
o Academic Masters Degree (M.Sc.) in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
o Doctor of Philosophy Degree (Ph.D.) in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
12.1 POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA IN HUMAN NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
i) Philosophy
training in Human Nutrition and Dietetics for Candidates with degree Agriculture,
Arts and Sciences or Higher National Diploma (HND) graduates wishing to convert
to Human Nutrition and Dietetics. It is also designed for recent graduates of Human
Nutrition and Dietetics who otherwise would not qualify for admission into Masters
Degree programmes in the Department.

The Postgraduate Diploma Programme in Human Nutrition and Dietetics is aimed
at:
a) Producing persons with advanced knowledge and skills in Human Nutrition
and Dietetics.
b) Exposing non-nutrition professionals to knowledge, skills and practice in
Human Nutrition and Dietetics.
c) Provide training in specific aspects of Human Nutrition and Dietetics.

Candidates seeking admission for Postgraduate Diploma in Human Nutrition and
Dietetics must have any of the following qualifications from recognized institutions:
a) Higher National Diploma in relevant fields with a minimum of upper Credit.
b) Minimum of Third Class Degree at Bachelor’s level in Agriculture or Arts
or Sciences.
experience.
d) Minimum of pass degree with five (5) years cognate experience


The programme consists of course work, project work and seminars to be awarded
the Postgraduate Diploma in Human Nutrition and Dietetics, a candidate must have
fulfilled the following conditions:

Course Units
Core Courses 10
Electives 8
Project 6
Seminar 2
Total 26
79
vi) Postgraduate Diploma Courses in Human Nutrition and Dietetics

Core Courses Units
Introduction to Principles and practice of Nutrition
and Dietetics 2
General and Applied Nutrition 2
Entrepreneurship Studies 2
Statistics and Research methods 2
Seminar 2
Project 6
Electives 8
Total 26
Elective Courses
Biochemistry and Physiology of Human Nutrition 2
Food Science 2
Community Nutrition 2
Food Biochemistry 2
Introduction to clinical Nutrition 2
Diet Therapy 1 2
Evaluation and Analysis of Foods and Diets 2
Core Course Synopses for the Postgraduate Diploma in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Introduction to the principles and practice of Nutrition and Dietetics 2 Units

Definition of Nutrition and Dietetics; Nutrition and Dietetics including the necessary
academic preparations and personal qualities required. Basic human needs and the role of
Nutrition and Dietetics in meeting these needs; Major concepts in nutrition – nutrients,
function, source, malnutrition; adequate diet nutrient needs/requirements; relationship
between nutrition and health. Relationship between Nutrition and Dietetics and Agriculture;
Nutrition & Dietetics in National Development.
General and Applied Nutrition 2 Units

Nutritive value of tropical foods and Nigerian diets; Adequacy of food supply; selection and
formulation of adequate diet. Enrichment, supplementation, complementation, fortification;
Food habits, control of appetite; Nutritional needs of children, pregnant and lactating
women, adolescents and the aged; Nutrition, infection and the immune responses;
Physiology of growth , pregnancy and lactation; Nutrient requirement estimates and
assessment.
Entrepreneurship Studies 2 Units

Entrepreneur- concept, development and need for entrepreneurial development;
entrepreneurship growth- economic, social, cultural; personality, psychological and
sociological factors affecting growth; traits for entrepreneurial development- functions and
roles of women entrepreneurs, problems and strategies for solving problems; entrepreneurial
project planning- steps, building plans, using CPM for action plan, resource allocation,
budgeting; project implementation- organizing, controlling, launching, monitoring,
evaluation; funding agencies- registration of project; filing returns and assessment;
institutions for entrepreneurial training; training models and participatory management of
human resources performance, appraisal, working climate, changing roles and constraints of
entrepreneurial development.
80
Importance and scope of entrepreneurship; need for developing enterprise; theories of
enterprise; entrepreneurship-traits, functions and types; process of entrepreneurship and
project management; management principles and practices as applicable to
entrepreneurship; introduction to accounting and financial statements; sources of finance;
financial and developmental institutions assisting small entrepreneurial ventures; location
and layout of enterprise; marketing management practices for small scale enterprise

and reference standards

survey: steps, planning, sampling technique and sample size determination. Data collection
techniques (quantitative and qualitative, constructing questionnaire and interviewing
studies, turnover, flux, stable isotope technology etc. Use of experimental diets, ethical
consideration; Data processing: sorting data, performing quality-control checks computer
computation. Oral Presentation: Choosing the subject, organizing the talk, audio visuals,
12.2 PROFESSIONAL MASTERS DEGREE IN HUMAN NUTRITION AND

DIETETICS
i) Philosophy
The philosophy of the Professional Master of Human Nutrition and Dietetics Degree

The Professional Master of Human Nutrition and Dietetics Degree Programme is
aimed at:
a) Providing advanced professional training for graduate employees in
Industry, the Public Service or in Self-employment.
b) Providing advanced training in specific aspects of Human Nutrition and
Dietetics

Candidates seeking admission for the Professional Master of Human Nutrition and
Dietetics Degree Programme must have any of the following qualifications from
a) Higher National Diploma (Upper Credit) in Human Nutrition and/or
Dietetics with a Postgraduate Diploma (Credit level) in Human Nutrition
and/or Dietetics.
b) Bachelor’s degree with at least 2nd class lower division in Human Nutrition
and Dietetics.
c) 3rd class degree with PGD passed at credit level
d) Pass degree with PGD passed at credit level
81
iv) Duration of the Professional Master of Human Nutrition and Dietetics Degree
Programme
a. The Full-time Professional Master of Human Nutrition and Dietetics Degree
b) The Part-time Professional Master of Human Nutrition and Dietetics Degree

topics. To be awarded the Professional Masters of Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Degree, a candidate must have fulfilled the following conditions:
a) Passed a minimum of 32Credit Units, as follows:

Courses Units
Core Courses 12
Electives 12
Project 6
Special Topics 2
Total 32

Areas of Specialization: Dietetics/Community and Public Health Nutrition

Core Courses
Nutritional Physiology 3
Biochemistry of Human Nutrition 3
Computer Applications in Human Nutrition and Dietetics 3
Project 6
Special Topics 2
Electives 12
Total 32
Electives for Areas of Specialization*

a) Dietetics
Food Science 2
Nutritional Epidemiology 2
Nutritional Disorders 2
Nutritional Assessment
Advanced Diet Therapy 3
Personnel and Institutional Management 2
Food Service Systems and Administration 2
Diet Counseling 2
Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics 3
82
b) Community and Public Health Nutrition
Food Science 2
Nutritional Disorders 2
Nutritional Assessment 2
Food Consumption and Dietary Assessment 2
Advance Community and Public Health Nutrition 2
International Nutrition, Planning and Policy 2
Maternal, Infant and Child Nutrition 2
Nutrition Education 2
Food Economics 2
*Elective list here is not exhaustive
Core Course Synopsis for Professional Master in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Nutritional Physiology 3 Units

The cell and its functions; Human Body Composition; Digestive problems and (e.g. Dry-
mouth ulcers) Composition, structure and function of gastrointestinal tract, liver, gall
bladder; The endocrine glands, body fluid and kidneys; Regulations of Fluid; Balance,
Blood structure and functions of nerve, muscles and bones; Allergy and immunity.
Physiology of growth, pregnancy, lactation, aging and adaptation to environmental changes;
(1) Principle of homeostasis. (2) Feedback mechanisms.
Biochemistry of Human Nutrition 3Units

Metabolism and biochemical interrelationship of various nutrients in human body and their
metabolic pathways, metabolism of nutrients in important nutritional disease, genetic factors
and disease, in born errors of metabolism (1)Glycolytic pathway (2) Tricarborhylic and (3)
Election transport.



83
12.3 ACADEMIC MASTER OF SCIENCE (MSc) IN HUMAN NUTRITION AND

DIETETICS
i) Philosophy
The philosophy of the Master of Science Degree Programme in Human Nutrition
and Dietetics and related disciplines is to develop high level manpower to pursue
careers in academics and research.

The Master of Science Degree Programme in Human Nutrition and Dietetics is
aimed at:
a) Exposing students to advanced courses in relevant areas of Human Nutrition
and Dietetics and other academic disciplines.

Candidates seeking admission for the Master of Science Degree Programme in
Human Nutrition and Dietetics must have any of the following qualifications from
a) Bachelor’s degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics or related discipline
with a minimum of Second Class Lower.
b) HND Upper Credit plus PGD at credit level in addition to satisfying

a) The Full-time Master of Science Degree Programme in Human Nutrition
and Dietetics shall run for a minimum duration of four (4) semesters and
b) The Part-time Master of Science Degree Programme in Human Nutrition
and Dietetics shall run for a minimum duration of six (6) semesters and

The programme consists of course work, dissertation/thesis and seminars. To be
awarded the Master of Science Degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics, a
Courses Units
Core Courses 12
Electives 12
Seminar 2
Total 36

84
vi) Courses Structure
Core courses Units

Carbohydrate and fat metabolism 3
Protein and energy metabolism 3
Computer Applications in Human Nutrition and Dietetics 3
Statistics and Research Method in Nutrition and Dietetics 3
Seminar 2
Electives 12
Total 36
The areas of specialization for electives in Human Nutrition and Dietetics are:
o Nutrition and Dietetics
o Community and Public Health Nutrition
o Human and Experimental Nutrition
a) Nutrition and Dietetics Specialization

Courses Units
Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition 2
Instrumentation and Techniques in Human Nutrition and Dietetics 2
Advances in Clinical Nutrition and Dietetic Practice 2
Nutrition Education Communication and counseling in Patient Care 2
Nutrient-Drug Interaction 2
Nutrient Interrelationships 2
Food Toxicology and Food Safety 2
Dietetic Entrepreneurship 2
b) Community and Public Health Nutrition Specialization
Courses
Units
Advanced Community and Public Health Nutrition 2
Nutritional Aspects of Growth, Development and Ageing 2
Nutrition Education and Communication 2
Management of Nutrition Services 2
Sports Nutrition 2
Food Choice and Eating Habits 2
c) Human and Experimental Nutrition Specialization
Courses Units
Energy Balance and Body Composition 2
Special Techniques in Human and Experimental Nutrition 2
Nutrient Interrelationship 2
Human Nutrient Requirement Estimates and Assessment 2
85
Core Course Synopsis for Academic Masters Degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Nutritional Physiology 3 Units

The cell and its functions; Human Body Composition; Digestive problems and (e.g. Dry-
mouth ulcers) Composition, structure and function of gastrointestinal tract, liver, gall
bladder; The endocrine glands, body fluid and kidneys; Regulations of Fluid; Balance,
Blood structure and functions of nerve, muscles and bones; Allergy and immunity.
Physiology of growth, pregnancy, lactation, aging and adaptation to environmental changes;
(1) Principle of homeostasis. (2) Feedback mechanisms.
Biochemistry of Human Nutrition 3 Units

Metabolism and biochemical interrelationship of various nutrients in human body and their
metabolic pathways, metabolism of nutrients in important nutritional disease, genetic factors
and disease, in born errors of metabolism (1) Glycolytic pathway (2) Tricarborhylic and (3)
Election transport.



86
12.4 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (PhD) DEGREE IN HUMAN NUTRITION AND
DIETETICS
i) Philosophy
The philosophy of the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Degree Programme in Human
Nutrition and Dietetics and related disciplines is to develop high level manpower to
pursue careers in academics and research. It is to provide the highest degree of

The Doctor of Philosophy Degree Programme in Human Nutrition and Dieteticsis
aimed at:
b) Providing training for those whose future careers lie in teaching and
research at the tertiary level and in research and development in the public
and private sector.

a) Candidates seeking admission for Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Human
Nutrition and Dietetics must have any of the following qualifications from
b) Masters degree in Nutrition and or Dietetics or related discipline with a
minimum GPA of 3.5.

semesters.
The programme consists of course work, project work and seminars. To be awarded
the Master of Science Degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics, a candidate must
have fulfilled the following conditions:
Courses Units
Transferred from M. Sc. 21
Electives 9
Seminar 2
Total 48
vi) Doctor of Philosophy Degree Courses in Human Nutrition

The areas of specialization for electives are:
Nutrition and Dietetics
Community and Public Health Nutrition
Human and Experimental Nutrition
a) Nutrition and Dietetics Specialization
87
Courses Units
Instrumentation and Techniques in Human Nutrition
and Dietetics 2
Advances in Clinical Nutrition and Dietetic Practice 2
Nutrition Education Communication and Counseling
in Patient Care 2
Nutrient-Drug Interaction 2
Nutrient Inter-relationships 2
Food Toxicology and Food Safety 2
Dietetic Entrepreneurship 2
b) Community and Public Health Nutrition Specialization

Courses Units
and Dietetics 2
Advanced Community and Public Health Nutrition 2
Nutritional Aspects of Growth, Development and Ageing 2
Nutrition Education and Communication 2
Management of Nutrition Services 2
Sports Nutrition 2
Food Choice and Eating Habits 2
c) Human and Experimental Nutrition Specialization

Courses Units
and Dietetics 2
Energy Balance and Body Composition 2
Special Techniques in Human and Experimental Nutrition 2
Nutrient Inter-relationship 2
Human Nutrient Requirement: Estimates and Assessment 2
Computer Applications in Human Nutrition and Dietetics

88
89
13.0 POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES IN FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE
MANAGEMENT
13.1 POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA IN FORESTRY
i) Philosophy
The philosophy of the Postgraduate Diploma programme in Forestry is to provide
postgraduate training in Forestry for Higher National Diploma graduates of Agriculture,
other non-agriculture degree professionals wishing to convert to agriculture, and recent
graduates of agriculture who otherwise would not qualify for admission into Masters Degree
Programmes in Forestry.

The Postgraduate Diploma Programme in Forestry is aimed at:
a) Producing persons with advanced knowledge and skills in Forestry.
Forestry.
c) Provide training in specific aspects of Forestry.

Candidates seeking admission for Postgraduate Diploma in Forestry must have any of
a) Higher National Diploma in Agriculture with a minimum of Upper Credit.

b) Minimum of Pass Degree at Bachelor’s level in Agriculture or Sciences.
experience.


The programme consists of course work, project work and seminars or special topics.
To be awarded the Postgraduate Diploma in Forestry a candidate must have fulfilled
the following conditions:
Course Units
Core Courses 10
Electives 8
Project 6
Seminar 2
Total 26


Core courses Units
Principle of Forest Mensuration 2
Principles of Silviculture 2
Natural Ecosystems 2
90
Computer Application in Renewable Resources 2
Principle of Forest Economics 2
Seminar 2
Project 6
Total 14
Elective Courses
Environmental Impact Assessment 2
Forest Soils 2
Forest Policy, Law and Administration 2
Forest Economics 2
Forest Biometry 2
13.2 PROFESSIONAL MASTERS IN FORESTRY (MASTER OF FORESTRY)
i) Philosophy
The philosophy of the Professional Master in Forestry and Wildlife Management
Degree Programme is to provide advanced professional training for upgrading
knowledge and skills of Bachelors (Honours) degree holders employed in industry,
the Public Service or those on Self-Employment.

The Professional Master in Forestry and Wildlife Management Degree Programme is
aimed at:
a) Providing advanced professional training for graduate employees of industry, the

Public Service or in self-employment.
b) Providing advanced training in specific aspects of Forestry and Wildlife

Management.

Candidates seeking admission into the Professional Master in Forestry and Wildlife
Management Degree Programme shall meet the following requirements:
a) Matriculation requirements of individual Universities including Mathematics and

English Language
b) Minimum of 2nd Class lower degree, or 3rd class/Pass degree with PGD at Credit level
in Forestry and Wildlife Management or any related discipline, or
c) Minimum of Pass in Higher National Diploma plus ten (10) years cognate experience.
iv) Duration of Professional Master Degree Programme
a) The Full-time Master of Forestry and Wildlife Management Degree programme shall
run for a minimum duration of two (2) semesters and maximum of four (4) semesters.
b) The Part-time Master of Forestry and Wildlife Management Degree Programme shall
run for a minimum duration of four (4) semesters and maximum of six (6) semesters.
91
A candidate must pass a minimum of 36 Credit Units made up of the following to be
awarded the Professional Master of Forestry Degree:
Course Units
Core Courses 12
Electives 12
Project 6
Seminar 2
SIWES 4
Total 36
b) Carried out a research project relevant to the area of specialization and submitted an
Course Structure
Core Courses Units

Statistics in Renewable Resources Management 3
Advanced Forest Menstruation 3
Advanced Forest Economics 3
Forest Policy, Law and Administration 3
Total 12
Elective Courses
Forest Nutrient Relations 3
Advanced Forest Products Marketing 3
Industrial Attachment (SIWES) 3
Advanced Forest Management 3
Forest Inventory and Analysis 3
SIWES 4
Project 6
Seminar 2
92
13.3 PROFESSIONAL MASTER DEGREE IN AGRO-FORESTRY (M AGRO-
FORESTRY)
i) Philosophy
The philosophy of the Professional Master in Agro-Forestry Degree Programme is
to provide advanced professional training for upgrading knowledge and skills of
Bachelors (Honours) degree holders employed in industry, the Public Service or
those on Self-Employment.

The Professional Master in Agro-Forestry Degree Programme is aimed at:
industry, the Public Service or in Self-Employment.
b) Providing advanced training in specific aspects of Agro-Forestry.

Candidates seeking admission into the Professional Master in Agro-Forestry Degree
Programme shall meet the following requirements:
a) Matriculation requirements of individual Universities including
Mathematics and English Language
b) Minimum of 2nd Class Lower degree, or 3rd Class/Pass degree with
PGD at Credit level in Forestry or any related discipline, or
c) Minimum of Pass in Higher National Diploma plus ten (10) years
cognate experience.
iv) Duration of Professional Master Degree Programme

a) The Full-time Master of Agro-Forestry Degree Programme shall
run for a minimum duration of Two (2) semesters and maximum of
four(4) semesters.
b) The Part-time Master of Agro-Forestry Degree Programme shall
run for a minimum duration of four (4) semesters and maximum of
six (6) semesters.

A candidate must pass a minimum of 36 credit units made up of the following to be
awarded the Professional Master of Agro-Forestry Degree:
Course Units
Core Courses 12
Electives 12
Project 6
Seminar 2
SIWES 4
Total 36

vi) COURSE STRUCTURE

Core Course: Units
Agro-forestry: Concept; Systems; Technology and Practices 3
Agro-forestry trees (Agro-foresters) 3
Economics of Agro-forestry System 3
Total 12
93
Elective Courses:
Quantitative Techniques in Agro-Forestry 2

Agro-forestry Research Methodology/Diagnosis and Design
Methodology 2
Crop Production in Agronomy 2
Forest Production in Agro-Forestry 2
Live Stock Production in Agro-Forestry 2
Aquaculture production in Agro-Forestry 2
Agro-Forestry and Economic development 2
Agro-Forestry Extension and Rural Sociology 2
Marketing of Agro-Forestry Products 2
Biodiversity issues in Agro-Forestry 2
Evaluation of Agro-Forestry Projects 2
Agro-Forestry in Threatened Environment 2
SIWES 4
Project 6
Seminar 2
13.4 ACADEMIC MASTER DEGREE (M. Sc) IN FOREST RESOURCES

MANAGEMENT
i) Philosophy
The philosophy of the Master of Science Degree programme in Forestry Resources
Management (M.Sc Forest Resources) and related disciplines is to develop high level
manpower to pursue careers in academics and research.

The Master of Science Degree Programme in Forest Resources Management is aimed
at:
a) Exposing students to advanced courses in relevant areas of Forest Resources
Management, Agriculture, Sciences and other academic disciplines.

Candidates seeking admission for the Master of Science Degree Programme in Forest
Resources Management must have any of the following qualifications from
a) Bachelor’s degree in Forestry Resources Management or related discipline
with a minimum of Second class Lower.

a) The Full-time Master of Science Degree Programme shall run for a minimum
b) The Part-time Master of Science Degree Programme shall run for a minimum
94
To be awarded the Master of Science Degree in Forest Resources Management, a
a) Passed a minimum of 36 credit Units, as follows:
Course Units
Core Courses 12
Electives 12
Project 10
Seminar 2
Total 36
b) Carrie out a research relevant to the area of specialization and submitted an

acceptable thesis/dissertation:
Core Courses Units

Advanced Forest Mensuration 3
Advanced Forest Resource Economics 3
Advanced Topics in Silviculture 3
Total 12
Seminar 2
Project 10
Elective Courses Units

Forest Nutrient Relations 3
Advanced Forest Management 3
Resource Inventory Analysis 3
Organizing Research in Renewable Resources (with Seminar
Presentation
Ecological Principles for Economic Development 3
Postgraduate Seminar (Special Topics) 2
Computer Application in Renewable Resource Management 2
Areas of Specialization for the Academic Master (FRM) is in the following areas:
Silviculture
Forest Economics
Forest Biometrics
Wood Science
The Core Courses are same for the four options while the peculiarities of each option
are satisfied through the selection of appropriate electives courses.
95
13.5 ACADEMIC MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRO-FORESTRY (M.Sc.)
i) Philosophy
The Philosophy of the Master of Science Degree Programme in Agro-Forestry
(MSc. Agro- Forestry) and related disciplines is to develop high level manpower to
pursue careers in academics and research.

The Master of Science Degree Programme in Agro-Forestry is aimed at:
a) Exposing students to advanced courses in relevant areas of Agro-Forestry,
agriculture, sciences and other academic disciplines.

Candidates seeking admission for the Master of Science Degree Programme in Agro
Forestry must have any of the following qualifications from recognized institutions:
a) Bachelor’s degree in Agro-Forestry or related discipline with a minimum of
Second class Lower.
b) HND Upper credit plus PGD at Distinction, in addition to satisfying
iv) Duration of Academic Master Degree Programmes

a) The full-time Master of Science Degree Programme shall run for a minimum duration
of four (4) semesters and maximum of six (6) semesters.

topics. To be awarded the Master of Science Degree in Agro-Forestry, a candidate
Course Units
Core Courses 12
Electives 12
Project 10
Seminar 2
Total 36


Core Course Units
Agro-Forestry: Concepts, Technology and Practices 3
Advanced Agro-Forestry Ecology 3
Economics of Agro-forestry system 3
Statistics in Renewable Resource Management 3
Total 12
Seminar 2
Project 10
96
Land Use Analysis and Capability classification 2
Agro-Forestry Research Methodologies 2
Soil and Soil-Plant Relations in Agro-Forestry 2
Forest Production in Agro-Forestry 2
Organizing Research in Renewable Resources 2
Computer Application in Renewable Resources Management 2
13.6 ACADEMIC MASTER OF SCIENCE (M.Sc) IN WOOD SCIENCE
i) Philosophy
The philosophy of the Master of Science Degree Programme in Wood
Science (M.Sc. Wood Science) and related disciplines is to develop high

The Master of Science Degree Programme in Wood Science is aimed at:
a) Exposing students to advanced courses in relevant areas of Wood Science,
b) Equipping students with research skills though the conduct of supervised

Candidates seeking admission for the Master of Science Degree Programme in Wood
Science must have any of the following qualifications from recognized institutions:
a) Bachelor’s degree in Wood Science or related discipline with a
minimum of Second class Lower.

a) The Full-time Master of Science Degree Programme shall run for a
b) The Part-time Master of Science Degree Programme shall run for a

The programme consists of course work, project work and seminars or
special topics. To be awarded the Master of Science Degree in Wood
Science, a candidate must have fulfilled the following conditions:
Course Units
Core Courses 12
Electives 12
Project 10
Seminar 2
Total 36
97

Core Course Units
Wood Quality 3
Wood Properties 3
Advanced Mechanical Wood Processing 3
Total 12

Advanced Forest Operations and Machinery 2
Wood Deterioration and Preservation 2
Advanced Lumber Production 2
Organizing Research in Renewable Resources (with Seminar Presentation) 2
Ecological Principles for Economic Development 2
Computer Application in Renewable ResourcesManagement 2
Total 36
13.7 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D) DEGREE IN FORESTRY
i) Philosophy
The philosophy of the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D) Degree Programme in Forestry
and related disciplines is to develop high level manpower to pursue careers in
problems.

The Doctor of Philosophy Degree Programme in Forestry is aimed at:

the tertiary level and in research and development in the public and private sector.

Candidates seeking admission for Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Forestry must have
Masters degree in Forestry or related discipline with a minimum CGPA of 3.5.
iv) Duration of Doctor of Philosophy Programme

98
b) The Part-time Doctor of Philosophy Degree programme shall run for a

To be awarded the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Forestry, a candidate must have
Course Units
From Masters 21
Electives 9
Seminar 2
Total 48

Course Synopses
Principles of Forest Mensuration 3 Units

Measurements: Linear; time; weight/mass; area; volume. Forest inventory design and field
measurement planning; forest resources sampling and enumeration techniques. Growth and
yield curves; estimation of stand structure; density, site quality and yield. Construction of
volume and yield tables.
Principles of Silviculture 2 Units

Regeneration methods and silvicultural systems; tropical forest production practices; cultural
techniques in tropical forestry; tree growth and development; nursery and seed technology.
Natural Ecosystems 2 Units

Types of ecosystems and their distribution/occurrence, ecosystem processes; vegetation
survey and analysis; ecosystem perturbation and restoration.
Forest Economics 2 Units

Forest goods and services; valuation in forest conservation, application of economic
principles to forest resources, planning and decision making; cost-benefit/budget and financial
analyses.
Landscape Practice 2 Units

Principles of landscaping and design; types/selection of landscape plants; procurement;
planting and maintenance of landscape plants. Landscape maintenance and renewal.
Agro-Forestry Systems for Environmental Management 2 Units

Agro-forestry components and their functions; nutrient cycling under agro-forestry; service-
functions of agro-forestry systems e.g. erosion/flood control, soil fertility enhancement and
site conservation; biological control of pests and diseases; multiple product yield.
Forest Biometry 2 Units

Experimental designs and sampling techniques; methods of data collection and analysis;
result interpretation.
99
Computer Application in Renewable Resources 2 Units
Introduction to computers; hardware and software. Data entry and editing. Introduction to
various analytical packages (SAS, SPSS, SYSTAT, etc) Data analysis using various computer
application programmes.
Environmental Impact Assessment 2 Units

Definition, principles and practices, rapid appraisal methods. Laws for resource conservation
and protection. Socio-economic impact monitoring. Administrative procedures in
planning/decision making. Case studies.
Forest Soils 2 Units

Features of forest soils and importance. Forest soil chemistry; biology and physics. Influence
of soil on forest composition and development. Nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems.
Managing forest soils. Soil fertility assessment and improvement.
Statistics in Renewable Resources Management 3 Units

Data description, coding and transformation. Errors in observation, common distribution,
parametric tests, design of experiments. Regression analysis, sample survey, growth
functions.
Organizing Research in Renewable Resources 2 Units

Systematic approach to research in renewable resources. Programme problem analysis and
project planning. Scientific methods and models. Review of research plans.
Forest Nutrient Relations 3 Units

Mineral nutrient cycling. Gains and loses of mineral nutrients in forest ecosystems and the
mineral nutrition of trees. Maintenance of fertility of forest soils.
Forest Policy, Law and Administration 2 Units

Review of international forestry and environmental processes/conventions and their
application to sustainable forestry. Comparative analysis of forest policies from different
countries. Policy formulation and problems of forestry administration.
Advanced Forest Products Marketing 3 Units

Forest product identification and analysis of product market. Forest product market planning
and information system. Forest product marketing and poverty reduction.
Forest Inventory Analysis 3 Units

Inventory data screening and collation. Techniques of data processing including manual,
graphical and computer based systems and packages.
Land Use Analysis and Capability Classification 2 Units

Policy factors and issues in national and global land use classification systems. Land use
objectives, analysis and classification for agro-forestry development. Design and diagnosis as
applicable to Nigeria and other humid agro-ecosystems. Land use evaluation for agro-
forestry development. Data sourcing, collation and analytical methods for biophysical land
use assessment and characterization.
Advanced Agro-Forestry Ecology 3 Units

Natural ecosystems: distribution, structure/dynamics of land and aquatic ecosystems. Forest
and grass/land types and species composition. Ecological field survey of fauna, flora, soil and
water. Types of selected terrestrial and aquatic sites and areas.
100
Economics of Agro-Forestry Systems 3 Units
Relationship between human population; productive resources; technology and the
environment. The role of agriculture and agro-forestry in economic development. Status of
national/regional economic developments and problems. Basic economic principles for
short/long term institutional analysis with application. Data collection methods and analysis.
Case studies.
Agro-Forestry Research Methodologies 2 Units

Introduction to design and diagnosis (D and D). What is D & D and why? Characteristics of
good agro-forestry designs. Productivity, sustainability and adoptability of agro-forestry
systems. Key features of D&D. Basic stages/procedures for site identification and diagnosis
for appropriate intervention. Principles of field experimentation.
Soil and Soil/Plant Relations in Agro-Forestry 2 Units

Morphological; physical; chemical and biological properties of humid; sub-humid, semi-arid
and arid tropical soils. Tropical soil management under different land-use systems. Effects
of trees and agronomic crops, grown under different combinations, on soils conservation and
maintenance of soil fertility.
Forest Production In Agro-Forestry 2 Units

Concept and scope of forestry. Significance of forest resources in rural development. Forest
resource administration and control. Concepts and practice of silviculture. Silviculture of
man-made forests. Forest and woodland management. Measurement of forest trees;
inventory of forest stands and crops.
Wood Quality 3 Units

Advanced wood anatomy and ultrastructure; wood quality variations and influence of growth
conditions on wood properties. Factors affecting wood quality and techniques of wood
quality evaluation. Wood quality and end-use requirements.
Wood Properties 3 Units

Mechanical/non-mechanical properties of wood/wood composites, and their use in structural
applications. Relationship of physical and mechanical wood properties to basic processing
techniques. Wood response to fluid, heat, electricity, radiation and vibrational simulation.
Ecological Principles for Economic Development 3 Units

Principles of effective ecological inputs in development programmes/projects. Study and
evaluation of ecosystems and populations under development pressures. Case studies.
Advanced Mechanical Wood Processing 3 Units

Theory and practice of mechanical wood processing; wood cutting/factors influencing wood
cutting operations. Analysis of wood cutting tool behaviour/performance and application in
major wood processing industries. Processing and utilization of small diameter wood, time
management, energy utilization and efficiency. Intergraded operations in wood processing.
Advanced Forest Operations and Machinery 3 Units

Power sources for forest operations, construction principles, testing and rating. Design and
use of forest machinery. Power requirements; selection and engineering aspects of machinery
systems and design. Wood harvesting and transportation systems. Labour requirements in the
preparation of harvesting plans. Ergonomics and economics of forest operations.
Wood Deterioration and Preservation 2 Units

Natural deterioration of wood by fungi/pests; types of decay organisms/conditions.
Mechanisms and consequences of decay. Alternatives for wood protection against
101
deterioration. Chemicals used for wood preservation. Assessment of techniques employed
for application of wood preservatives.
Advanced Lumber Production 2 Units

Industrial methods and equipment used in lumber conversion. Modern sawmilling and
marketing practices. Sawmill analysis. Saw-doctoring and lumber grading.
Advanced Topics in Silviculture 3 Units

Review of tropical silvicultural practices. Appraisal of recent advances in tropical
silviculture. Case studies.
Experimental Designs 2 Units

Importance of designing experiments. Design elements: Randomization, replication, blocking
and local control. Common experimental designs:- Completely Randomized; Randomized
Complete Block; Incomplete Block; Latin Square; Factorial; Split-plot; Split-Split plot;
Lattice. Missing data and confounding effects.
Multivariate Analysis in Renewable Resources 2 Units

Common multivariate statistical distributions; component/factor analysis;
canonical/Discriminant analysis.
Advanced Forest Ecology 3 Units

Quantitative/qualitative vegetation survey/analysis and their advantages/ disadvantages.
Methods of estimating primary productivity of forests with particular reference to the
biological and physical bases. Biomass and rate of production in forest ecosystems.
Nutrient cycling and ecological evaluation.
Advanced Topics in Forest Economics 2 Units

Economic concepts and principles. Appraisal of current topical issues in national/global
forest economics and management. Case studies.
Agro-Forestry: Concepts, Systems, Technology and Practice 3 Units

Definition of agro-forestry components. System sustainability, multidisciplinary.
Identification of agro-forestry systems and criteria for system classification.
Identification/classification of agro-forestry trees in soil conversion.
Advanced Forest Mensuration 3 Units

Units of measurement. Forest inventories/volume and weight as measures of inventory.
Assessment of timber yield/quality. Measurement of forest growth/yield and accretion.
Applied Regression Techniques 2 Units

Matrix algebra of relevance to regression analysis. Multiple linear/correlations, regressions
and application to forestry computer programming exercise.
Advanced Forest Resource Economics 3 Units

Economic approach to forest production. Organization/valuation of forest resources.
Investment allocation and forest financing. Analysis of case studies of forest investments.
Advanced Forest Management 3 Units

Overview of forest management practice in the tropics: business methods and technical forest
principles. Forest management plans and problems of plantation forestry. Team building in
forest management and survival/conversion strategies under harsh environments.
102
14.0 POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES IN WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
14.1 POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA IN WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
i) Philosophy
The Philosophy of the Postgraduate Diploma programme in Wildlife Management is
to provide postgraduate training in Wildlife Management of Higher National
Diploma graduates of Agriculture, other non-agriculture degree professionals
wishing to convert to agriculture, and recent graduates of agriculture who otherwise
would not qualify for admission into Masters Degree Programmes in Wildlife
Management.

The Postgraduate Diploma Programme in Wildlife Management is aimed at:
a) Producing persons with advanced knowledge and skills in Wildlife

Management.
Wildlife Management

Candidates seeking admission for Postgraduate Diploma in Wildlife Management
must have any of the following qualifications from recognized institutions:
a) Higher National Diploma in Agriculture with a minimum of Upper Credit

b) Minimum of Pass Degree at Bachelor’s level in Agriculture or Sciences
experience.
iv) Duration of Postgraduate Programmes


The programme consist of course work, project work and seminars or special topics.
To be awarded the Postgraduate Diploma in Wildlife Management a candidate must
have fulfilled the following conditions:

Course Units
Core Courses 10
Electives 8
SIWES 4
Project 6
Seminar 2
Total 30

103
Core Courses Units

Computer Application to Wildlife Management 2
Ecosystem Approach to Wildlife Management 2
Wildlife Economics, Marketing and Trade 2
Wildlife Ecological Survey 2
Parks, Zoo and Natural History Management 2
Total 10
Electives 8
Parks, Zoo and Natural History Management 2
Special Topics in Wildlife Management 2
Fire Ecology and Wildlife Management 2
Wildlife Extension 2
Concept of Ethnobotany and ethnozoology in Wildlife Management 2
Wildlife conservation laws and policies 2
SIWES 4
Project 6
Seminar 2
Synopses for the Postgraduate Diploma Courses in Wildlife Management
Tourism and Wildlife Management 3 Units

Concept of Ecotourism and diversities. Tourism resources and potentials. Identification of
the resources areas. Forest reseres and Game reserves. Guideline on ecotourism and its
development E.I.A. and relationship with Wildlife. Integrated approach to tourism.
Statistics in Wildlife Management 3 Units

Data design, coding of transformation errors in observations, parametric and non-parametric
tests, design experiments regression analysis, sample survey, growth functions. Sample
surveys and design of questionnaires.
Ecosystem Approach to Wildlife Management 2 Units

The viche concept, population communities, energy flow Nutrient cycles in the ecosystem.
Natural regulation of animal numbers; adaptations, man’s role in biological West Africa and
their ecology as related to grazing.
Parks, Zoo and Natural History Management 3 Units

Practical aspects of handling and care of animals in captivity. Zoo and museum design and
layout. Collecting, presenting and Exhibiting animal species.
Fire ecology and wildlife Management 2 Units

Fire as natural phenomenon. Significance of fire in the evaluation of vegetation. Fire as a
tool in range Management. Cases and control of fire.
Wildlife Extension 3 Units

Principles and practice of Extension education, role of community participation in
conservations of Wildlife in Africa.
104
Ethnobotany and Ethnozoogy 2 Units
Human dependence on Wildlife. Screening plants and animals for new medicines. Medicinal
plants and animals.
14.2 ACADEMIC MASTER (M.Sc) IN WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
i) Philosophy
The philosophy of the Master of Science Degree Programme in Wildlife

Management (M.Sc Wildlife Management) and related disciplines is to develop high
The Master of Science Degree Programme in Wildlife Management is aimed at:
a) Exposing students to advanced courses in relevant areas of Wildlife

Management, agriculture, sciences and other academic disciplines.
b) Equipping students with research, seminar presentations and thesis

preparation.
Candidates seeking admission for the Master of Science Degree Programme in Wildlife
Management must have any of the following qualifications from recognized institutions:
a) Bachelor’s degree in Wildlife Management or related discipline with a

minimum of Second Class Lower
b) HND upper Credit plus PGD at Distinction in addition to satisfying

a) The Full-time Master of Science Degree Programme shall run for a

b) The Part-time Master of Science Degree Programme shall run for a

semesters.
topics. To be awarded the Master of Science Degree in Wildlife Management, a
105
a) Passed a minimum of 3B Credit units, as follows:
Course Units
Core Courses 12
Electives 12
Project 10
Seminar 2
TOTAL 36

Core Courses Units

Ecosystem Approach to Range Management 3
Park Design and Management 3
Advanced Game Ranching and Domestication Techniques 3
Total 12
Electives Course 12
Special Topics in Wildlife Management 2
Computer Applications to Wildlife Management 2
Ornithology and Herpathology 2
Zoo and Museum Management 2
Physiological Adaptation of Wild Animals 2
Fire Ecology 2
Animal Ethology 2
Project 10
Seminar 2
Synopses for Master of Science in Wildlife Management
Park Design Management and Administration 2 Units

Park Survey, construction of roads and tourist facilities, supervision patrol. Range and grazing
ecology.
Ornithology 2 Units
Principles of Classification, organization, structure, distribution, migration, population

identification of birds by size, form and song (call) species status, environmental effects.
Zoo and Museum Management 2 Units
Health and Welfare requirements of Wildlife species in captivity. Zoo design and layout in
Museum. Principle of collecting, preserving an existing specimens in museum for educational
purposes.
Physiological Adaptations of Wild animals 2 Units
Discussion of the physiology of growth, reproduction and location. Changes in body

metabolites.
106
Ecosystem Approach to Range Management 2 Units
The inch concept, population of communities energy flow, nutrient cycles in the ecosystem.
Natural regulation of animal numbers. Adaptation, and man’s role in biological communities,
principle of plan and animal relationship in tropical Ecosystem.
Fire Ecology 2 Units
Behaviour and use of fire in the management of Wildlife, principles underlying the role of
weather, fuel characteristics and physical features of the environment related to development
and implementation of fire plans. Causes and control of fire.
Animal Ethonology 2 Units
Reflexologists and Behaviour. Elements of behaviour. General systems of adaptive behaviour

observation and description of behaviour, Social organization, learning theory.
14.3 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D) IN WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
i) Philosophy
The philosophy of the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D) Degree Programme in Wildlife

Management and related disciplines is to develop high level manpower to pursue
careers in academics and research. It is to provide the highest degree of
The Doctor of Philosophy Degree Programme in Wildlife Management is aimed at:
(a) Equipping students with research skills through the conduct of supervised
(b) Provide training for those whose future careers lie in teaching and research at
sector.
Candidates seeking admission for Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Wildlife

Management must have the following qualifications from recognized institutions:
Masters degree in Wildlife Management or related discipline with a minimum
CGPA of 3.5.
iv Duration of Doctor of Philosophy Programme
a) The Full-time Doctor of Philosophy Degree programme shall run for a

b) The Part-time Doctor of Philosophy Degree programme shall run for a

107
topics. To be awarded the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Wildlife Management,
a candidate must have fulfilled the following conditions:
Course Units
Core Courses 21 Units from M.Sc.
Electives 9
Project 16
Seminar 2
Total 48

Course Units
Core Courses 21 Units from M.Sc.
Electives 9
Project 16
Seminar 2
Total 48
Areas of Specialization include
Wildlife Ecology
Wildlife Domestication/Game Reserving
Wildlife Economics
Wildlife Nutrition
Wildlife Policy Laws and Administration
Zoo and Museum Management
Ornithology
Range/Park and Game Reserve Management
Herpathology
Wildlife pest and Disease Management
Game Processing and Preservation
Wildlife Extension and Education
Ethnology
Ethnozoology
108
15.0 POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES IN BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT
15.1 POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA IN BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT
i) Philosophy
The philosophy of the Postgraduate Diploma programme in Biodiversity

Management is to provide postgraduate training in Biodervisity Management for
Higher National Diploma graduates of Agriculture, other non-agriculture degree
professionals wishing to convert to agriculture and recent graduates who otherwise
would not qualify for admission into Masters Degree Programmes in Biodervisity
Management.
The Postgraduate Diploma Programme in Biodervisity is aimed at:
(a) Producing persons with advanced knowledge and skills in Biodervisity

Management.
(b) Exposing non-agriculture professionals to knowledge, skills and practice of
Biodervisity Management.
(c) Provide training in specific aspects of Biodervisity Management.
Candidates seeking admission for Postgraduate Diploma in Biodervisity

Management must have any of the following qualifications from recognized
institutions:
a) HND in Agriculture with a minimum of Upper Credit.

experience.
iv) Duration of Postgraduate Diploma Programme

topics. To be awarded the Postgraduate Diploma in Biodervisity Management a
109
Course Units
Core Courses 10.
Electives 8
SIWES 4
Project 6
Seminar 2
Total 30
Core Courses Units

Computer Application to Biodiversity 2
Ecosystem Approach to Biodiversity Management 2
Terrestrial and Biodiversity Management 2
Biodiversity Economics Marketing and Trade 2
Fire ecology Biodiversity Conservation 2
Total 10
Electives 8
Special Topics in Wildlife Management
Biodiversity Conservation Laws and Policies
Biodiversity Extension
Concept of Ethmobotany and Ethnozoology in Biodiversity Management
Ecotricology in Biodiversity Management
Tourism and Biodiversity Management
SIWES 4.
Project 6
Seminar 2
110
15.2 ACADEMIC MASTER (M.Sc) BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT
i) Philosophy
The philosophy of the Master of Science Degree Programme in Biodiversity
Management (M.Sc Biodiversity Management) and related disciplines is to
develop high level manpower to pursue careers in academics and research.

The Master of Science Degree Programme in Biodiversity Management is aimed at:
a) Exposing students to advanced courses in relevant areas of Biodiversity
research, seminar presentation and thesis preparation.

Biodiversity Management must have any of the following qualifications from
a) Bachelor’s degree in Wildlife and Fishery Management or related discipline

with a minimum of Second Class Lower.
b) HND Upper Credit plus PGD at Distinction, in addition to satisfying University
topics. To be awarded the Master of Science Degree in Agro-Forestry, a candidate
Course Units
Core Courses 12.
Electives 12
Project 10
Seminar 2
Total 36

111
Core Courses Units
Ecosystem Approach to Biodiversity Management 3
Fire Ecology and Biodiversity Conservation 3
Biodiversity Economics, Marketing and Trade 3
Total 12
Elective Courses
Computer Application in Biodiversity Management 3
Special Topics in Biodiversity Management 2
Tourism and Biodiversity Management 2
Ecotricology in Biodiversity Management 2
Wildlife and Fisheries Ecological Survey 2
Concept of Ethnobotany and Ethnozoology in Biodiversity 2
Terrestrial and Aquatic Management 2
Management Impact Assessment 2
Biodiversity Conservation Laws and Policies 2
Project 10
Seminar 2
Total 36
Seminar 2
Project 10
112
16.0 POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES IN TOURISM MANAGEMENT
16.1 POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA IN TOURISM MANAGEMENT
i) Philosophy
The philosophy of the Postgraduate Diploma programme in Tourism Management

is to provide postgraduate training in Tourism Management for Higher National
Diploma graduates of Agriculture, other non-agriculture degree professionals
wishing to convert to agriculture, and recent graduates of agriculture who
otherwise would not qualify for admission into Masters Degree Programmes in
Tourism Management.
The Postgraduate Diploma Programme in Tourism Management is aimed at:
(a) Producing persons with advanced knowledge and skills in Tourism

Management
(b) Exposing non-agriculture professionals to knowledge, skills and
practice of Tourism Management.
(c) Provide training in specific aspects of Tourism Management.
Candidates seeking admission for Postgraduate Diploma in Tourism Management

must have any of the following qualification from recognized institutions:
(a) Higher National Diploma in Agriculture with minimum of Upper Credit

(b) Minimum of Pass Degree at Bachelor’s level in Agriculture or Sciences
(c) Minimum of Pass in HND plus ten (10) years cognate experience.

topics. To be awarded the Postgraduate Diploma in Tourism Management a
113
Course Units
Core Courses 10.
Electives 8
SIWES 4
Project 6
Seminar 2
Total 30
Core Courses Units

Computer Application in Tourism Managemeng 2
Ecosystem Approach to Tourism Management 2
Wildlife and Forestry based Tourism 2
Tourism Economics Marketing and Trade 2
Zoo and Museum Management 2
Total 10
Electives 8
Special Topics in Tourism Management 2
Ecotourism in National Parks and Game Reserves 2
Park Design Management and Administration 2
Conservation and Tourism 2
Travel, Services, Transportation and Travel Agencies 2
Hotel Management and Catering Services 2
Tourism Policy Development and Administration 2
Information Resource Management and in Tourism 2
Cultural Tourism Management 2
International tourism 2
SIWES 4
Project 6
Seminar 2
16.2 ACADEMIC MASTER (M.Sc.) DEGREE IN TOURISM MANAGEMENT
i) Philosophy
The philosophy of the Master of Science Degree Programme in Tourism

Management (M.Sc Tourism Management) and related disciplines is to develop high
114
The Masters of Science degree programme in Tourism Management is aimed at:
(a) Exposing students to advanced courses in relevant areas of Tourism

(b) Equipping students with research skills through the conduct of
supervised research, seminar presentations and thesis preparation.

Tourism Management must have any of the following qualifications from
(a) Bachelor’s degree in Wildlife Management or related discipline with a

minimum of Second Class Lower
(b) HND Upper Credit plus PGD at Distinction, in addition to satisfying University
duration of six (6) semester and maximum of eight (8) semesters.
topics. To be awarded the Master of Science Degree in Tourism Management, a
Course Units
Core Courses 12.
Electives 12
Project 10
Seminar 2
Total 36

Core Courses Units

Ecotourism and Park Management 3
Cultural Tourism 3
Total 12
115
Electives Courses 12
Special Topics in Biodiversity Management 2
Ecosystem Approach to Tourism Management 2
Tourism Ecosystem and Trade 2
Information Resource Management and in Tourism 2
International Tourism 2
Tourism Extension and Education 2
Fisheries Recreation Planning Interpretation and Sport Fishing 2
Zoo and Museum Management and Administration 2
Park Design Management and Administration 2
Tourism Policy Development and Administration 2
Conservation and Tourism 2
Travel Agencies/Services and transportation
Hotel Management and Catering 4
Project 10
Seminar 2
116
17.0 POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES IN SOIL SCIENCES, LAND AND WATER
MANAGEMENT
17.1 POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA IN SOIL MANAGEMENT AND LAND USE

PLANNING
i) Philosophy
The philosophy of the postgraduate diploma programme in Soil Management and
Land Use Planning is to provide postgraduate training in Soil Science for Higher
National Diploma graduates of Agriculture, other non-agriculture degree
professionals wishing to convert to agriculture, and recent graduates of agriculture
who otherwise would not qualify for admission into Masters Degree Programmes in
Soil Science.

The Postgraduate Diploma Programme in Soil Management and Land Use Planning
is aimed at:
a) Producing persons with advanced knowledge and skills in soil science.

b) Exposing non-agriculture professionals to knowledge, skills and practice of soil
management and land use planning.
c) Provide training in specific aspects of soil management and land use planning.

Candidates seeking admission for Postgraduate Diploma in Soil Management and
Land Use Planning must have any of the following qualifications from recognized
institutions:
a) Higher National Diploma in Agriculture with a minimum of Lower Credit.

experience.


To be awarded the Postgraduate Diploma in Soil Management and Land Use
Planning, a candidate must have fulfilled the following conditions:
Course Units
Core Courses 10
Electives 8
Project 6
Seminar 2
Total 26
117
Courses Units
Computer Applications in Soil Science 3
Soil Testing and Fertilizer Recommendations 2
Soil Management and Conservation 2
Fertilizer and Fertilizer Management 2
Soil Survey and Land Use Planning 2
Soil Fertility Management 2
Soil-Water-Plant Relationships 2
Special Topics or Seminar 2
Project 6
vii) Course Synopses for the Postgraduate Diploma in Soil Management

and Land Use Planning
Soil testing and fertilizer recommendations 2 Units

Principles and methods of soil testing. Soil and plant tissue sampling techniques.
Interpretation of soil test results. Fertilizer recommendations.
Soil management and conservation 2 Units

Causes of soil degradation. Soil erosion and methods of control under different cropping
systems. Soil structure improvement and maintenance.
Fertilizer and fertilizer management 2 Units

Types of fertilizers. Economics of fertilizer use. Methods of fertilizer application. Fate of
applied fertilizer. Fertilizer manufacture. Fertilizer formulation.
Soil survey and land use planning 2 Units

Principles and methods of soil survey. Elements of air photography and photogrammetry.
Use of soil inventories in planning land use. Management of land use systems.
Soil fertility management 2 Units

Concepts and assessment of soil fertility. Nutrient requirements of crops. Symptoms of
nutrient deficiency and toxicity. Fertilizer assessment procedures and programmes.
Maintenance of soil fertility under different cropping/farming systems.
Soil-Water-Plant relationships 2 Units

Hydrological cycle. Movement of water in soil. Soil water availability to plants.
Evapotranspiration. Crop water use efficiency. Physiological processes as affected by soil
water.
17.2 PROFESSIONAL MASTER OF SOIL SCIENCE (MSS) DEGREE
i) Philosophy
The philosophy of the professional Master of Soil Science Degree Programme is to
provide advanced professional training for upgrading knowledge and skills of Bachelors
(Honours) degree holders employed in Industry, the Public Service or those on self-
employment.
118
The Professional Master of Soil Science Degree Programme is aimed at:
a) Providing advanced professional training for graduate employees in Industry,

the Public Service or in Self-employment.
b) Providing advanced training in specific aspects of Soil Science.

Candidates seeking admission for the Professional Master of Soil Science Degree
Programme must have any of the following qualifications from recognized
institutions:
a) Higher National Diploma in Agriculture with a Postgraduate Diploma in Soil

Management and Land Use Planning or equivalent.
b) Bachelor’s degree in Agriculture with minimum of 2nd Class Lower Division.
c) 3rd Class degree with PGD passed at credit level
d) Pass degree with PGD passed at credit level
iv) Duration of the Master of Soil Science Degree Programme

a) The Full-time Master of Soil Science Degree Programme shall run for a
minimum duration of two (2) semesters and maximum of four (4)
semesters.
b) The Part-time Master of Soil Science Degree Programme shall run for a

To be awarded the Master of Soil Science Degree, a candidate must have fulfilled the
following conditions:

Course Units
Core Courses 24
Electives 6
Project 6
Seminar 2
Total 38

Core courses Units
Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition 3
Soil Physics 3
Soil Chemistry 3
Soil Microbiology 3
Landscape and Soil Ecology 3
Seminar 2
Project 6
119
Electives
Advanced Pedology 2
Soil-Water-Plant relationships 2
Fertilizer and Fertilizer Technology 2
Soil and Plant Analysis 2
Soil Mineralogy and Micro Morphology 3
17.3 ACADEMIC MASTER OF SCIENCE (MSc) DEGREE IN SOIL SCIENCE
i) Philosophy
The philosophy of the Master of Science Degree Programme in Soil Science (MSc
Soil Science) and related disciplines is to develop high level manpower to pursue
careers in academics and research.

The Master of Science Degree Programme in Soil Science is aimed at:
a) Exposing students to advanced courses in relevant areas of soil science,

Candidates seeking admission for the Master of Science Degree Programme in Soil
Science must have any of the following qualifications from recognized institutions:
a) Bachelor’s degree in Agriculture or related discipline with a minimum of
Second Class Lower.


To be awarded the Master of Science Degree in Soil Science, a candidate must have
Course Units
Core Courses 18
Electives 6
Project 10
Seminar 2
Total 36

120
vi. Course Structure
The areas of specialization in Soil Science are:
Soil Microbiology
Soil Survey and Land Use Planning
Soil Physics and Conservation
Soil Chemistry and Mineralogy
Soil Fertility/Fertilizer Technology
Pedology
Environmental Soil Science.
vii) Course Structure

Core courses Units
Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition 3
Soil Physics 2
Soil Chemistry 2
Advanced Pedology 2
Seminar 2
Electives
Pedology/ Soil Survey and Land Use Planning/Soil
Mineralogy Specialization
Remote Sensing 2
Advanced Analytical Techniques 2
Soil Survey and Land Use Planning 2
Soil Mineralogy and Micro Morphology 3
Soil Chemistry/Soil Fertility Specialization

Fertilizer and Fertilizer Technology 2
Soil Physical Chemistry 2
Soil Hydrology 2
Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry Specialization

Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry 2
Soil physics/Soil management and conservation specialization

Soil Hydrology 2
Environmental soil science specialization

Soil Environmental Chemistry 2
121
vii. Course Synopses for the Master of Science Degree in Soil Science
Soil Chemistry 2 Units

Basic chemical principles. Soil chemistry and bioavailability of chemical nutrients. The solid
phase (crystal chemistry of silicates, structural classification of silicates). Rate processes in
relation to nutrient availability. Interactions of chemicals with the reactive surfaces. Soil as
an adsorption system. Soil pH and acidity index and salt affected soils. Chemistry of
fertilizers, heavy metals, and other toxic elements in soils. Behaviour of pollutants in the soil.
Soil Physics 2 Units

Effect of soil physical properties on plant growth and other uses of soil. Analysis and
quantification of the physical properties and physical behaviour of unsaturated soils, i.e.
transport and accumulation of water, heat, gases and solutes. Factors affecting infiltration,
saturated flow and unsaturated flow.
Advanced Pedology 2 Units

Principles of Pedology with special emphasis on soil genesis; micro-climate and soil climate
in soil genesis; relationship between geomorphology and Pedology; in-depth study and
analysis of major world classification systems (Soil taxonomy, Canadian soil classification
system, French classification system, FAO/UNSCO soil legend); study of classification of
soils in Nigeria and Africa; fabric and mineral analysis of soils; soil development evaluation.
Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry 3 Units

Principles of soil biochemistry in relation to soil components as potential energy sources and
electron acceptors and protoplasmic constituents. Microbial ecology. Production of soil
materials through organic matter decomposition. Red-ox reactions in field soils. Nutrient
transformations in anaerobic soil conditions. Biological processes in the rooting zone. Minor
toxic elements, pesticides and microbial degradation. Microbiology of water pollution.
Soil and Plant Analysis 2 Units

Principles and procedures of chemical analysis of soil. Analysis of plants and fertilizers for
available and total constituents. General principles of soil testing; sampling techniques for
plant and soil analysis; sample pre-treatments. Interpretation of analytical data. Procedures
for fertilizer recommendation. Quality control and laboratory management.
Soil Physical Chemistry 2 Units

General colloid science. The surface chemistry of soil colloids. Laws of thermodynamics.
Principles of chemical kinetics in relation to soil system (Reaction order, rate constants,
temperature effect, kinetics of microbial catalyzed reactions).
Fertilizer and Fertilizer Technology 2 Units

Review of past and current fertilizer use in Nigeria. Fertilizer types, manufactures, use and
application. Organic fertilizers. Fertilizer efficiency. Fertilizer characteristics, storage and
marketing. Special fertilizer formulation. Fertilizer use in relation to surface and ground
water pollution, feed and food quality.
Advanced Analytical Techniques 2 Units

Methods for the isolation and recognition of soil components. Fundamental principles of
analytical techniques (spectrophotometry, electro-analytical techniques, x-ray diffraction,
thermal methods, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, x-ray, fluorescence,
spectrophotography, chromatography, etc.). The application of radio-isotopic methods and
gas chromatography to the study of the movement of ions and pesticides in soils. Advanced
spectrometry instrumentation. Quality control and laboratory management. Analytical
techniques in soil physics. Soil microbiological and biochemical assays.
122
Soil Management and Conservation 2 Units
Soil water movement, soil aeration, drainage and plant growth. Drainage systems and
selection. Cropping systems in relation to soil moisture. Soil moisture determination. Water
erosion, wind erosion, sediments and control. Evapotranspiration losses and control.
Soil Mineralogy and Micro-Morphology 3 Units

Structure of the earth; mineralogical and chemical composition of the earth’s crust and
relationship to soil; general concept of mineral weathering and genesis in soil; classification
of soil minerals; structure of silicate clay minerals; organic soil minerals and their structure;
weathering in soil environments; recent techniques in soil mineral studies; principles of
micro-morphology.
Management of Problem Soils 3 Units

Definition and scope. Management of acid soils. Management of acid sandy soils.
Management of acid clay soils. Management of saline and alkaline soils. Management of acid
sulphate disturbed soils. Management of soils damaged by construction activities, industrial
wastes and oil spillage.
Pedology Processes 3 Units

Processes that form soil material; weathering sequences, ratios and indices; production of soil
material through organic matter decomposition. Processes of soil horizon and profile
development; processes in soils with impeded drainage; processes in freely draining profiles;
dynamic processes in the rooting zone of plants; processes influenced by soil management
practices.
Soil-Water-Plant Relationships 2 Units
Water balance, dependence of man on water in the context of world agriculture.
Measurements for water resource assessment. Hydrological structure of vascular plants.
Movement of water in soils. Movement of water towards and into the root system. Movement
of water out of the plant-soil system.
Soil Survey and Land Use Planning 2 Units

Principles and methods of soil survey. Soil survey techniques including parametric mapping.
Use of soil resource inventories in planning land use. Remote sensing, soil survey
interpretation. Qualitative and quantitative land evaluation and land use system analysis;
geographical information system (GIS).
Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition 3 Units

Essentiality of plant nutrition. Basic concepts in soil-plant relationships. Soil fertility and
productivity. Soil organic matter, fertilizers and lime use. Soil fertility evaluation. Cropping
system and soil fertility management.
Soil Hydrology 2 Units

The hydrological cycle. Relationships between the hydrological cycle and agriculture,
forestry and nature. Water and solute transport in the unsaturated and saturated zones. Water
balance of the soil profile including rhizosphere. The interaction between groundwater,
precipitation and Evapotranspiration. Water and solute transport in saline and alkaline soils.
Desalination of soil and water quality. Influence of soil and vegetation on the hydrologic
cycle.
Advanced Remote Sensing 2 Units

Review of basic principles; qualitative and quantitative techniques applied to analysis of
remotely sensed data; quantitative approaches of remote sensing data analysis to land
classification; applications of remote sensing in resource studies with illustrative case studies
from literature; equipment for data analysis; current trends in remote sensing and application
in soil and agricultural surveys
123
Landscape and Soil Ecology 2 Units
System thinking and application to landscape and soil ecology; factors, forces and processes
of stability in natural ecosystems; cause-effect-affected relationships in man-made (social)
ecosystems (e.g. agro-ecosystems); soil ecosystem; the troublesome elements (CHONSP),
their circulation in soil and nature, and ecological impact; waste generation and disposal; land
(soil) pollution; environmental impact assessment.
Soil Environmental Chemistry 2 Units

Examination and description of specific chemical properties and processes in soil and in
relation to environment; consequences of the processes in relation to environmental quality
and pollution; application of basic chemical concepts to the terrestrial system in the
examination of the behaviour of solutes and associated solid phases in soils and related
resources.
17.4 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (PhD) DEGREE IN SOIL SCIENCE
i) Philosophy
The philosophy of the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Degree Programme in Soil
Science and related disciplines is to develop high level manpower to pursue careers in
problems.
The Doctor of Philosophy Degree Programme in Soil Science is aimed at:

sector.

Candidates seeking admission for Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Soil Science must
have the following qualifications from recognized institutions:
Masters degree in Soil Science or related discipline with a minimum CGPA of 3.5.


topics. To be awarded the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Soil Science, a candidate
Course Units
Core Courses 30*
Seminar 2
Total 48
124
* Of which not more than 21 may be transferred from Masters.

vi) The areas of specialization are:

Soil Microbiology
Soil Survey and Land Use Planning
Soil Physics and Conservation
Soil Chemistry and Mineralogy
Soil Fertility/Fertilizer Technology
Pedology
Environmental Soil Science.
vii) Course Structure

Core courses Units
Seminar 2
Electives
Pedology/Soil Survey and Land Use Planning/Soil

Mineralogy Specialization
Advances in Pedology 3
Advanced Soil Mineralogy 3
Soil Chemistry/Soil Fertility Specialization

Advanced Soil Fertility 3
Advanced Crop Mineral Nutrition 3
Advances in Fertilizer Technology 3
Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry Specialization

Environmental Microbiology 3
Pesticides in Soil 3
Soil Physics/Soil Management and Conservation Specialization

Advances in Soil Physics 3
Crop-Weather Relationships 3
Environmental Soil Science Specialization

Advances in Soil Environmental Chemistry 3
125
vii) Course Synopses for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in Soil Science
Advanced Soil Fertility 3 Units

Soil sampling and soil testing; Kriging approach; rectangular and triangular models; strip
sampling techniques. Growth expression; Mitsohevitidis laws; physiological relationship;
growth law; Spiliman’s equation; Boule unit. Correlation; correlation process, quasi-
mechanistic models. Field experiments; use of relative yields; continuity of calibration; role
of response surface; Hildreth model approach; soil testing interpretations; sufficiency; build-
up maintenance, and basic cation saturation ratios approaches.
Crop-Weather Relations 3 Units

Climate and crop production; energy and water balance. Phonological stages of some
tropical crops. Weather influence on phonological stages and crop yields; Models for
predicting these relationships for selected crops. Application of growth degree days and heat
units in crop production.
Remote Sensing Techniques 3 Units

Development of geographical remote sensing from air photography to sophisticated sensor
systems. Techniques of remote sensing; use of panchromatic infra-red black and white,
infra-red false and true colour films, image enhancement, multi-spectral photography and
scanning; use of side-looking radar and satellite imagery.
Advances in Fertilizer Technology and Use 3 Units

Review of fertilizer use locally and globally. Physical and chemical properties of various
fertilizers and types. Principles of manufacture of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and
fertilizer handling and storage. Residual effects of various fertilizer types. Use of fertilizers
on varying soil types. The economics of fertilizer use. Comparative analysis of fertilizer and
non-fertilizer types of farming.
Advanced Soil Mineralogy 3 Units

The mineralogy of sand, silt and clay fractions of soil separates. The principles and use of
X-ray, differential thermal analysis, electron microscopy and Nicol prism in the study of
minerals in soils. Extraction of soil clays and preparation of clay samples for X-ray
diffraction and fluorescence analysis, quantitative estimation of clay minerals.
Pesticides in Soils 3 Units

Major groups of pesticides; processes affecting pesticides in soils, including sorption,
degradation and elimination; transport of pesticides in soil and uptake by plants; pesticide
persistence; effects on soil organisms and crop damage; techniques involving analysis of
pesticide residue in soils
126

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NATIONAL UNIVERSITIES COMMISSION

BENCHMARK MINIMUM ACADEMIC STANDARDS

FOR POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES IN

NATIONAL UNIVERSITIES COMMISSION

PROFESSOR JULIUS A. OKOJIE

1.3 Aims and Objectives 1

1.4 Academic Standards 2

2.0 RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS FOR POSTGRADUATE TEACHING AND

2.2 Physical Facilities 5

3.0 GENERAL REGULATIONS 7

3.1 Postgraduate Diploma Programmes (PGD) 7

3.2 Professional Masters Degree 8

3.3 Academic Masters Degree 9

3.4 Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Degree 9

4.0 POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES IN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND RURAL

4.1 POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA IN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND RURAL SOCIOLOGY 11

4.2 PROFESSIONAL MASTER OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND RURAL SOCIOLOGY 12

4.4 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (PhD) IN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND RURAL SOCIOLOGY 15

4.5 SYNOPSIS OF POSTGRADUATE COURSES IN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND RURAL SOCIOLOGY 16

5.0 POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES IN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS 19

5.1 POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA IN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS 19

5.3 ACADEMIC MASTERS OF SCIENCE (MSc) DEGREE IN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS 21

5.4 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D) DEGREE IN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS 23

5.5 COURSE SYNOPSIS FOR THE POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES 24

6.0 POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES IN ANIMAL SCIENCE AND PRODUCTION 26

6.1 POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA (PGD) IN ANIMAL PRODUCTION 26

6.2 MASTER OF ANIMAL PRODUCTION (MAP) 27

6.3 MASTER OF SCIENCE (M.Sc) IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 28

6.4 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D) IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 29

6.5 COURSE SYNOPSES 30

7.0 POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES IN FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE 37

7.1 POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA (PGD) 37

7.2 PROFESSIONAL MASTER DEGREE IN FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE (MFA) 38

7.3 MASTER OF SCIENCE (M.Sc.) DEGREE IN FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE 40

7.4 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D.) DEGREE 44

8.0 POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES IN AGRONOMY/CROP SCIENCE/CROP

8.1 POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA (PGD) IN AGRONOMY/CROP SCIENCE/ CROP PRODUCTION/PLANT SCIENCE

8.2 PROFESSIONAL MASTERS IN AGRONOMY/CROP SCIENCE/PLANT SCIENCE 47

8.3 ACADEMIC MASTERS (M.SC) IN AGRONOMY/CROP SCIENCE/CROP PRODUCTION /PLANT SCIENCE

8.4 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D) IN AGRONOMY/CROP SCIENCE/CROP PRODUCTION/PLANT SCIENCE

8.5 COURSE SYNOPSIS FOR AGRONOMY/CROP SCIENCE/CROP PRODUCTION/PLANT SCIENCE

9.0 POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES IN CROP PROTECTION 53

9.1 POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA (PGD) IN CROP PROTECTION 53

9.2 PROFESSIONAL MASTERS (MCP) IN CROP PROTECTION 54

9.4 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (PhD) IN CROP PROTECTION 56

9.5 COURSE SYNOPSES 57

10.0 POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES IN FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 59

10.1 POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA IN FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 59

10.2 PROFESSIONAL MASTERS DEGREE IN FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 61

10.3 ACADEMIC MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 63

10.4 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D) DEGREE IN FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 66

11.0 POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES IN HOME ECONOMICS/SCIENCE 69

11.1 POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA IN HOME ECONOMICS/ SCIENCE 69

11.2 PROFESSIONAL MASTERS DEGREE IN HOME ECONOMICS/SCIENCE 71

11.3 ACADEMIC MASTERS (MSc) IN HOME ECONOMICS/SCIENCE 74

11.4 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (PhD) DEGREE IN HOME ECONOMICS/SCIENCE 77

12.0 POSTGRADUATE HUMAN NUTRITION AND DIETETICS 79