Numerical Problems

1. A particle describes SHM in a line 4 cm long. Its velocity when passing

through the center of the line is 12 cm/s. Find the period of motion particle
describes SHM in a line 4 cm long.

4 𝑐𝑚
Amplitude = = 2cm
2
velocity v at the mean position y = 0 is v=vmax = A
2. A particle executing SHM has a period of 0.1 s and amplitude 4 cm. Find
its acceleration when it is 0.2 cm from its mean position and its maximum
velocity

2𝜋 2𝜋
T= 𝜔=
𝜔 0.1 𝑠

Acceleration a = 2y
3. A particle executing SHM along a straight line has velocity 16 cm/s and
12 cm/s when passing through points 3 cm and 4 cm from the mean position,
respectively. Find (i) the amplitude and (ii) period of oscillation

 v =  A2 − y2
4. The period of oscillation of an object in an ideal mass-spring system is 0.50
sec and the amplitude is 5.0 cm. What is the speed at the equilibrium point?
5. A damped vibrating system, starting from rest, reaches the first amplitude of 40
cm which reduces to 4 cm in that direction after 100 oscillations. If the period of
each oscillation is 2.5 s, find the damping constant.

The amplitude of vibration = 𝐴𝑒 −𝑏𝑡

From the mean position, the time taken to reach the first amplitude is t/4

𝑏𝑡
−
𝐴1 = 𝐴𝑒 4
𝑡
−𝑏 +𝑡
𝐴2 = 𝐴𝑒 4

𝑡 𝐴1
𝐴𝑛+1 = 𝐴𝑒
−𝑏
4
+𝑛𝑡 = 𝑒 𝑛𝑏𝑡
𝐴𝑛+1
40
= 𝑒100𝑏𝑡
4

𝑏=
6. A spring stretches 0.15 m when a 0.3 kg mass is hung from it. The spring is
then stretched an additional 0.1 m from this equilibrium point and released. Determine (i) spring constant k (ii) the
amplitude of the oscillation A (iii) the maximum velocity v0

The spring is stretched 0.1 m from equilibrium and released, the amplitude A = 0.1 m.
7. The potential energy of a mass of 1 kg executing SHM is given by Up = 2x2 +4x+4
joule. Find the equilibrium position, force constant and the frequency of
oscillations.

At the equilibrium position, F = 0

Force constant = 4 Nm−1

Example: The displacement of an object in SHM is given by
Example continued
An ultrasonic transducer used for medical diagnosis oscillates at 6.7 MHz = 6.7 ×106 Hz.
How long does each oscillation take, and what is the angular frequency?
A spring is mounted horizontally, with its left end fixed. A spring balance attached to the free
end and pulled toward the right indicates that the stretching force is proportional to the
displacement, and a force of 6.0 N causes a displacement of 0.030 m. We replace the spring
balance with a 0.50 kg glider, pull it 0.020 m to the right along a frictionless air track, and
release it from rest (Fig. 14.8b). (a) Find the force constant k of the spring. (b) Find the
angular frequency v, frequency f, and period T of the resulting oscillation.

The force exerted on the spring has x-component Fx = +6.0 N.

x = 0.030 m
The force exerted by the spring has x-component Fx = -6.0 N.
A damped vibrating system starting from rest has an initial amplitude of 20
cm which reduces to 2 cm after 100 complete Oscillations each of period
2.3 secs. Find the logarithmic decrement of the system
𝐴0 𝐴1 𝐴2
= = = ⋯ = 𝑒 𝑏𝑡
𝐴1 𝐴2 𝐴3
𝐴0 𝐴1 𝐴2
ln = ln = ln =bt
𝐴1 𝐴2 𝐴3
 A=
( 2 − d2 ) 2 + 4b 2d2
Forced harmonic oscillations have the same 2displacement amplitudes at the
( and d ) 2 =( 800/s.
) Calculate the resonant
2
natural frequencies 
2 2 2 2
As ω ω, ω
d 1 = 400/s -ω ω =ω
frequency at which the displacement is maximum
2 2
and 4b ωd 0 ωd → 0

f f Fo m Fo Fo k
A= A= 2
= = f= and ω2 =
( 2 −  2 )2 + 4bω2 2 k m k
d d
m m

−1  2bd  −1
and 
According to the problem, = tan  2  = tan (0) = 0
  − d 
2

𝐹0 𝐹0
𝑚 𝑚
=
2 2 2 2 2 2
𝜔 −𝜔𝑑1 +4𝑏2 𝜔𝑑1
2 𝜔 −𝜔𝑑2 +4𝑏2 𝜔𝑑2
2

2 2
2 𝜔2 − 𝜔𝑑1 − 𝜔𝑑2 = 4𝑏 2
resonant frequency is

𝜔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝜔 2 − 2𝑏 2

2 𝜔 2 − 𝜔2 − 𝜔2
2 𝑑1 𝑑2
𝜔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝜔 −
2
2 2
𝜔𝑑1 + 𝜔𝑑2
𝜔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 =
2
When a tuning fork is oscillating and its end is placed on a table
the oscillations set in the table are
A circuit has an inductance of 1/π henry and resistance 100 Ω. An
A.C. supply of 50 cycles is applied to it. Calculate the reactance
and the impedance offered by the circuit

(X L ) = ωd L
ωd=2πn=2π× 50=100πrad/sec
L=1/π henry
XL=100π×1/ π =100 ohm
The impedance is
Z = 𝑅2 + 𝑋𝐿2 = 1002 + 1002

=141.4 ohm
 The amplitude of the current is
Eo Eo
Io = =

2 Z
1 
R 2 +  ωd L- 
 ω C
d 

2
 1 
Impedance of the circuit Z = R +  ωd L-  − − − − − − − − − (4).
2

 ωd C 

 1 
 ωd L-  the net reactance of the circuit
 ω C
d 

(X L ) = ωd L inductive reactance

1
(X C ) = capacitive reactance  1 
ωd C.  L −
 d C X −X 
 = tan −1  d 
= tan −1  L C 
 R   R 
 
 
A coil having an inductance of 0.14 henry and a resistance of 12 ohm is
connected across a 110 volt. Compute the impedance of the coil, current
and phase angle between the current and supply voltage. Given XL=22 ohm,
ωd =157.1428 rad/sec , the capacitance is negligible.
XL=22 ohm
ωd =157.1428 rad/sec.
R=12 ohm The phase angle is
E=110 volts −1 𝑋𝐿 −1 22
ϕ =tan = tan = 61.30
𝑅 12
The impedance is
Z = 𝑅2 + 𝑋𝐿2 = 122 + 222 =25.1 ohm
The current is
𝐸 110
i= = = 4.38 𝑎𝑚𝑝
𝑍 25.1
A coil having an inductance of 0.14 henry and a resistance of 12 ohm is
connected across a 110 volt. Compute the impedance of the coil, current.
Given C= 0.1 mf XL=22 ohm, ωd =157.1428 rad/sec.

L=0.14 henry
XL=22 ohm
ωd =157.1428 rad/sec.
R=12 ohm
E=110 volts
C= 0.1 mf
1 2
Z = 𝑅2 + 𝜔𝑑 𝐿 − = 𝑅2 + 𝑋𝐿 − 𝑋𝐶 2
𝜔𝑑 𝐶
 1 1
𝑋𝐶 = = =6.363×103
𝜔𝑑 𝐶 157.1428 ×0.1×10−6

Z= 𝑅2 + 𝑋𝐿 − 𝑋𝐶 2 = 122 + 22 − 6363 2 = 6341.011

 1 
 L −
 d C X −X 
 = tan −1  d 
= tan −1  L C 
 R   R 
 
 
Mean input power shown in the figure for a
mass hanging from a spring with damping. Q
value is sufficiently large, find Q if driving force
is removed.

𝜔0 𝜔0
Q = = = 10
𝜔2 −𝜔1 1.05𝜔0 −0.95𝜔0

ω1=0.95ω0 ω0 ω2 =1.05ω0
An oscillating system has frequency ωm. If driving is present then
the width of the resonance curve is ωm /5. Find the Q value

𝜔0 𝜔𝑚 𝝎𝒎
Q = = 𝜔𝑚 =5 𝟓
𝜔2 −𝜔1
5

Width of the ω1 ω0 ω2

resonance curve