PERFORMANCE TASK 1 IN

GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1
SUBMITTED BY: JAZELLE DIGNO | SUBMITTED TO: MRS. ALMA GRANCIOSO
GRD & SECTION: G12 STEM-B

1.) Maria wants to extract essential oil from the leaves of "Plumiera
Acumita Pior" or Kalachuchi for the production of perfume. What is the
best separation technique to be used in conducting her experiment.
•Known as The best and most commonly used
technique in Extracting essential oil from leaves or flowers
is distillation more specifically, "Steam Distillation". Below
is the Illustration of its process and its briefly explained
procedures of Steam Distillation for her experiment.
My Illustration of the "Steam Distillation"

the essential oil

rises with the
steam. Lastly, this is the separator
where the essential oil rises
and the hydrosol remains at
steam passes the bottom.
through the leaves ,
breaking the
essential oil sacs.

Essential Oil

This condensor will cool

the steam with Hydrosol
essential oil vapor
heat will make the returning them to their
water boil, liquid state.
Creating steam.

Step-by-step Procedures and Concept of "Steam Distillation"

STEAM DISTILLATION

This is the most popular method of extracting aromatic chemicals

or widely known as 'Essential Oil' from a plant. With the help of
steam from the heated or boiling water, steam travels through the
plant materials During this process. The essential oil is being
liberated from the microscopic protective sac by the hot steam and
moderate pressure.
The illustration above will help us to visualise every procedure of
extracting the essential oils through steam distillation using the
CLEVENGER APPARATUS from the leaves of Plumiera Acumita Pior
or Kalachuchi.
•The Steam Distillation uses a apparatus called CLEVENGER
APPARATUS. It has Three main parts, the first one are the Two FLASK,
one is containing the distilled water and the other one is for holding
the organic materials from plants. Next to it is the CONDENSER where
the hot steam and essential oil vapor is being cooled bringing them
back to their liquid state. And lastly, the SEPARATOR for separating
the hydrosol and the essential oil. This apparatus also need a HEAT
SOURCE for bringing the water to boil and start the distillation
process.

Procedure:
1.) When the distilled water and the biomass or the leaves of Plumiera
Acumita Pior or Kalachuchi is placed on a separate flask, it is time to
turn on the heat source beneath the flask that is filled with distilled
water and this will act as the boiler.

2.) The water on the boiler will gradually begin to boil creating steam
that will travel through the flask that contains the leaves of
Kalachuchi. The hot steam is forced through the leaves, and due to
the hot temperature of the steam, the protective sacs that contain
essential oils will pop and volatilizing the oils. The hot steam from the
boiling water will carry the vapour of the volatiles which is the
aromatic chemicals or essential oils that is extracted from the leaves of
kalachuchi.

3.) The hot steam will carry the vapour of these essential oils to the
condenser that uses ice-cold water. From the word condense, the
condenser will cool both the hot steam and vapours of essential oil
returning both of them to their liquid state.

4.) Since the steam and the vapour and essential oil return to their
liquid state, the steam becomes the hydrosol and the vapour become
the essential oil in the separator. Since essential oil is less dense than
hydrosol, essential oil stays at the top while the hydrosol sinks to the
bottom causing them to separate much easier.

5.) Lastly, after draining the hydrosol leaving the essential oil on the
separator, you can now pour the gathered essential oil into a small
bottle with a label and can now be used on the production of
perfume.
 2.) Which has the highest boiling point: 235K, 412°F, or 123°C? Show
your solution.

Solution: convert 235K and 412°F to Celsius and compare which has
the highest boiling point.
for 235K we will be using; C=K-273.15 to find it's Celcius conversion.
C=K-273.15
=235-273.15
C= -38.15°C

For 412°F we will be using; C=(°F-32)×5/9 to find it's Celcius

conversion.
C=(°F-32)×5/9
=(412-32)×5/9
=(380)5/9
=1900/9
C= 211.11°C
Since 235K= -38.15°C
412°F= 211.11°C
123°C
Upon comparing the there temperature, 412°F has the highest
Temparature among the three. So,

412°F has the highest Boiling point.

 2.) Which has the lowest melting point; 412K, 367°F, or 303°C? Show
your solution.

Solution: convert 412K and 367°F to Celsius and compare which has
the highest boiling point.
for 412K we will be using; C=K-273.15 to find its Celcius conversion.
C=K-273.15
=412-273.15
C= 138.85°C

For 367°F we will be using; C=(°F-32)×5/9 to find it's Celcius

conversion.
C=(°F-32)×5/9
=(367-32)×5/9
=(335)5/9
=1676/9
C= 186.11°C
Since 412K= 138.85°C
367°F= 186.11°C
303°C
Upon comparing the there temperature, 412K has the lowest
Temparature among the three. So,

412K has the lowest melting point.