Problem 1 

A salesman sold twice as much pears in

the afternoon than in the morning. If he
sold 360 kilograms of pears that day, how many
kilograms did he sell in the morning and how many in
the afternoon?
Solution:
Let x be the number of kilograms he sold in the
morning.Then in the afternoon he sold 2xkilograms.
So, the total is x+2x=3x. This must be equal to 360.
3x=360
x=3603
x=120
Therefore, the salesman sold 120 kg in the morning
and 2⋅120=240 kg in the afternoon.
Problem 2 Mary, Peter, and Lucy were picking
chestnuts. Mary picked twice as much chestnuts than
Peter. Boris picked 2 kg more than Peter. Together
the three of them picked 26 kg of chestnuts. How
many kilograms did each of them pick?
Solution:
Let x be the amount Peter picked. Then Mary and
Lucy picked 2x and x+2, respectively. So 
x+2x+x+2=26
4x=24
x=6
Therefore, Peter, Mary, and Lucy picked 6, 12,
and 8 kg, respectively.
Problem 3 
Sophia finished 23 of a book. She calculated that she
finished 90 more pages than she has yet to read. How
long is her book?
Solution:
Let x be the total number of pages in the book, then
she finished 23⋅x pages.
Then she has x−23⋅x=13⋅x pages left. 
23⋅x−13⋅x=90
13⋅x=90
x=270
So the book is 270 pages long.