Answer Key Transparencies: Provides Transparencies With Answers For Each Lesson in The Student Edition

Answer Key
Transparencies
Provides transparencies with

answers for each lesson in
the Student Edition
ISBN 0-07-828001-X
90000
9 780078 280016
PQ245-6457F-PO1[001-019].qxd 7/24/02 12:18 PM Page 1 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-01:
Chapter 1 Solving Equations and Inequalities

Lesson 1-1 Expressions and Formulas
Pages 8–10
14 4
1. First, find the sum of c and 2. Sample answer:
5
d. Divide this sum by e.
Multiply the quotient by b.
Finally, add a.
3. b; The sum of the cost of 4. 72
adult and children tickets
should be subtracted from
50. Therefore, parentheses
need to be inserted around
this sum to insure that this
addition is done before
subtraction.
5. 6 6. 23
7. 1 8. 2
9. 119 10. 0
11. 23 12. 18
13. $432 14. $1875
15. $1162.50 16. 20
17. 3 18. 29
19. 25 20. 54
21. 34 22. 19
23. 5 24. 11
25. 31 26. 7
27. 14 28. 15
29. 3 30. 52
31. 162 32. 15.3
33. 2.56 34. 7
1
35. 25 36. about 1.8 lb
3
37. 31.25 drops per min 38. 3.4
39. 2 40. 45
©Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 1 Algebra 2 Chapter 1

41. 4.2 42. 5.3

43. 4 44. 75
45. 1.4 46. 4
47. 8 48. 36.01
y5 2
50. a b
1
49. 2
6 2
51. 16 52. 30

53. $8266.03 54. 400 ft
55. Sample answer: 56. Nurses use formulas to
44441 calculate a drug dosage
44442 given a supply dosage and a
14 4 42 4 3 doctor’s drug order. They
4 14 42 4 4
also use formulas to
calculate IV flow rates.
14 4 42 4 5 Answers should include the
14 42 4 4 6 following.
44 4 4 7 • A table of IV flow rates is
14 42 14 42 8 limited to those situations
listed, while a formula can
44449
144 42 4 10
be used to find any IV flow
rate.
• If a formula used in a
nursing setting is applied
incorrectly, a patient could
die.
57. C 58. D
59. 3 60. 4
61. 10 62. 13
63. 2 64. 5
2 6
65. 66.
3 7

Lesson 1-2 Properties of Real Numbers

Pages 14–18
1a. Sample answer: 2 2. A rational number is the ratio

1b. Sample answer: 5 of two integers. Since 13 is
1c. Sample answer: 11 13
not an integer, is not a
1d. Sample answer: 1.3 2
rational number.
1e. Sample answer: 12
1f. Sample answer: 1.3
3. 0; Zero does not have a 4. Z, Q, R
1
multiplicative inverse since
0
is undefined.
5. N, W, Z, Q, R 6. Q, R
7. Multiplicative Identity 8. Associative Property ()
1
9. Additive Identity 10. 8,
8
1 2
11. , 3 12. 1.5,
3 3
13. 2x 4y 14. 13p
15. 3c 18d 16. 17a 1
17. 1.5(10 15 12 8 18. $175.50
19 22 31) or 1.5(10)
1.5(15) 1.5(12) 1.5(8)
1.5(19) 1.5(22) 1.5(31)
19. W, Z, Q, R 20. Q, R
21. N, W, Z, Q, R 22. Q, R
23. I, R 24. Z, Q, R
25. N, W, Z, Q, R 26. I, R
27. Q, R; 2.4, 2.49, 2.49, 2.49, 2.9 28. Additive Inverse
29. Associative Property () 30. Additive Identity
31. Associative Property () 32. Commutative Property ()
33. Multiplicative Inverse 34. Distributive
35. Multiplicative Identity 36. 0
1
37. m; Additive Inverse 38. ; Multiplicative Inverse
m

39. 1 40. natural numbers

41. 12 units 42. The square root of 2 is
irrational and therefore
cannot be described by a
natural number.
1
43. 10; 44. 2.5; 0.4
10
5 8
45. 0.125; 8 46. ;
8 5
4 3 3 5
47. , 48. 4 ,
3 4 5 23
49. 3a 2b 50. 10x 2y
51. 40x 7y 52. 11m 10a
53. 12r 4t 54. 32c 46d
55. 3.4m 1.8n 56. 4.4p 2.9q
9 19
57. 8 9y 58. x y
10 6
59. true 60. false; 3
61. false; 6 62. true
63. 6.5(4.5 4.25 5.25 64. 3.6; $327.60
6.5 5) or 6.5(4.5)
6.5(4.25) (6.5)5.25
6.5(6.5) 6.5(5)

65. 3 a2 b 2 a1 b
1 1
66. 50(47 47); 50(47) 50(47)
4 8
3 a2 b 2 a1 b
1 1
4 8
Def. of a mixed number
3 122 3 a b 2 112 2 a b
1 1

4 8
Distributive
3 1
6 2 Multiply.
4 4
3 1
62 Comm. ()
4 4
3 1
8 Add.
4 4
8a b
3 1
Assoc. ()
4 4
8 1 or 9 Add.
67. 4700 ft2 68. $113(0.36 0.19);

$113(0.36) $113(0.19)
68 6 8
69. $62.15 70. Yes; 7;dividing
2 2 2
by a number is the same as
multiplying by its reciprocal.
71. Answers should include the 72. B
following.
• Instead of doubling each
coupon value and then
adding these values
together, the Distributive
Property could be applied
allowing you to add the
coupon values first and
then double the sum.

• If a store had a 25% off

sale on all merchandise,
the Distributive Property
could be used to calculate
these savings. For
example, the savings on a
$15 shirt, $40 pair of
jeans, and $25 pair of
slacks could be calculated
as 0.25(15) 0.25(40)
0.25(25) or as 0.25(15
40 25) using the
Distributive Property.
73. C 74. true
75. False; 0 1 1, which is 76. true
not a whole number.
2
77. False; 2 3 , which is not 78. 9
3
a whole number.
79. 6 80. 5
81. 2.75 82. 358 in2
7
83. 11 84.
10
85. 4.3 86. 36
Chapter 1
Practice Quiz 1
Page 18
1. 14 2. 9
3. 6 4. 1
5. 2 amperes 6. Q, R
7. N, W, Z, Q, R 8. Additive Inverse
6 7
9. , 10. 50x 64y
7 6

Lesson 1-3 Solving Equations

Pages 24–27
1. Sample answer: 2x 14 2. Sometimes true; only when

the expression you are
dividing by does not equal
zero.
3. Jamal; his method can be 4. 5 4n
confirmed by solving the
equation using an alternative
method.
1F 322
5
C
9
F 1322
5 5
C
9 9
1322
5 5
C F
9 9
cC 1322 d
9 5
F
5 9
9
C 32 F
5
5. 2n n3 6. Sample answer: 9 times a
number decreased by 3 is 6.
7. Sample answer: 5 plus 8. Reflexive Property of
3 times the square of a Equality
number is twice that number.
9. Addition Property of Equality 10. 21
11. 14 12. 4
13. 4.8 14. 1.5
9 2n
15. 16 16. y
4
I
17. p 18. D
rt
19. 5 3n 20. 10n 7
21. n 2 4 22. 6n3
23. 519 n2 24. 21n 82
26. 1n 72 3
n 2
25. a b
4

27. 2rh 2r 2 28. 2r 1h r 2

29. Sample answer: 5 less than 30. Sample answer: Twice a
a number is 12. number plus 3 is 1.
31. Sample answer: A number 32. Sample answer: Three times
squared is equal to 4 times the cube of a number is
the number. equal to the number plus 4.
33. Sample answer: A number 34. Sample answer: 7 minus half
divided by 4 is equal to twice a number is equal to 3
the sum of that number and 1. divided by the square of x.
35. Substitution Property () 36. Subtraction Property ()
37. Transitive Property () 38. Addition Property ()
39. Symmetric Property () 40. Multiplication Property ()
41. 7 42. 8
43. 3.2 44. 2.5
1 3
45. 46.
12 4
47. 8 48. 11
2
49. 7 50.
3
51. 1 52. 12
1
53. 54. 19
4
55 10
55. 56.
2 17
d b
57. r 58. a
t 2x
3V 2A
59. h 60. ab
r 2 h
x 1c 32 4x
61. b 2 62. y
a 1x
63. n number of games; 64. s length of a side; 8s
2(1.50) n(2.50) 16.75; 5 124, 15.5 in.
65. x cost of gasoline per mile; 66. n number of students that
972 114 105 7600x can attend each meeting;
1837; 8.5¢/mi 2n 3 83; 40 students

67. a Chun-Wei’s age; a 68. c cost per student;

(2a 8) (2a 8 3) 94; 50130 c2 1452
50
Chun-Wei: 15 yrs old, mother: 5
38 yrs old, father: 41 yrs old 1800; $3
69. n number of lamps broken; 70. h height of can A;

12(125) 45n 1365; 11.22 2h 122 23; 8 units
1
3 lamps 3
71. 15.1 mi/month 72. Central: 690 mi.; Union:

1085 mi
73. The Central Pacific had to 74. $295
lay their track through the
Rocky Mountains, while the
Union Pacific mainly built
track over flat prairie.
75. the product of 3 and the 76. To find the most effective
difference of a number and 5 level of intensity for your
added to the product of four workout, you need to use
times the number and the your age and 10-second
sum of the number and 1 pulse count. You must also
be able to solve the formula
given for A. Answers should
include the following.
• Substitute 0.80 for I and
27 for P in the formula
I 6 P 1220 A2 and
solve for A. To solve this
equation, divide the
product of 6 and 28 by 0.8.
Then subtract 220 and
divide by 1. The result is
17.5. This means that this
1
person is 17 years old.
2

• To find the intensity level for

different values of A and P
would require solving a new
equation but using the
same steps as described
above. Solving for A would
mean that for future
calculations of A you would
only need to simplify an
6P
expression, 220 , rather
I
than solve an equation.
77. B 78. D
79. 6x 8y 4z 80. 11a 8b
81. 6.6 82. 7.44
83. 105 cm2 84. 5
85. 3 86. 2.5
1
87. 88. 3x
4
89. 5 6y
Lesson 1-4 Solving Absolute Value Equations

Pages 30–32
1. 0 a 0 a when a is a 2a. 0 x 0 4
negative number and the 2b. 0 x 6 0 2
negative of a negative
number is positive.
3. Always; since the opposite of 4. Sample answer: 0 4 6 0 ; 2
0 is still 0, this equation has
only one case, ax b 0.
b
The solution is .
a
5. 8 6. 9
7. 17 8. 521, 136
9. 518, 126 10. 511, 296
11. 532, 366 12.

13. 586 14. 0 x 160 0 2

15. least: 158 F; greatest: 162 F 16. 162 F; This would ensure a
minimum internal
temperature of 160 F.
17. 15 18. 24
19. 0 20. 4
21. 3 22. 13
23. 4 24. 7.8
25. 9.4 26. 5
27. 55 28. 22
29. {8, 42} 30. 512, 306
31. 545, 216 32. 528, 206
33. 52, 166 e 2, f

16
34.
3
e f
3
35. 36.
2
e 2, f 38. 54, 16

9
37.
2
39. 40.
41. {5, 11} 42. {3, 15}
e , 3 f e 3, f
11 5
43. 44.
3 3
45. {8} 46. 546
47. 0 x 200 0 5; maximum: 48. 0 x 16 0 0.3; heaviest:
205 F; minimum: 195 F 16.3 oz, lightest: 15.7 oz
49. 0 x 13 0 5; maximum: 50. sometimes; true only if a
0
18 km, minimum: 8 km and b
0 or if a 0 and
b0
51. sometimes; true only if c
0 52. Answers should include the
following.
• This equation needs to
show that the difference of
the estimate E from the
originally stated magnitude
of 6.1 could be plus 0.3 or

minus 0.3, as shown in

the graph below. Instead
of writing two equations,
E 6.1 0.3 and
E 6.1 0.3, absolute
value symbols can be
used to account for both
possibilities,
0 E 6.1 0 0.3.
0.3 units 0.3 units
5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7
• Using an original
magnitude of 5.9, the
equation to represent the
estimated extremes would
be 0 E 5.9 0 0.3.
53. B 54. A
55. 0 x 1 0 2 x 4; 56. x 1 2 x 4;
0 x 1 0 2 1x 42 x 1 2 x 4;
x 1 2 x 4;
x 1 2 x 4
57. 51.56 58. 8
59. 21n 112 60. 5n 2
16
61. 62. 2
3
63. 14 64. Commutative Property ()
65. Distributive Property 66. Multiplicative Inverse
67. Additive Identity 68. false; 23
69. true 70. true
1x
1
71. false; 1.2 72. 321x 52
2
73. 364 ft2 74. 2
75. 8 76. 2
2
77. 78. 6
3
3
79.
4

Lesson 1-5 Solving Inequalities

Pages 37–39
1. Dividing by a number is the 2. Sample answer: 2n 6
same as multiplying by its
inverse.
3. Sample answer: 4. 5a 0 a 1.56 or 1, 1.52
x2 x1
⫺2 ⫺1 0 1 2 3
5. e x ` x f or a, d f 6. 5c 0 c
36 or 3 3, 2
5 5
3 3
0 1 2 3 ⫺2 0 2 4 6 8
7. 5y 0 y 66 or 16, 2 8. 5w 0 w 76 or 1, 72
⫺1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ⫺10 ⫺8 ⫺6 ⫺4 ⫺2 0
9. 5p 0 p 156 or 115, 2 10. 5n 0 n 246 or 1, 244
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 ⫺30 ⫺28 ⫺26 ⫺24 ⫺22 ⫺20
11. all real numbers or 1, 2 12. 12n 36; n 3
⫺6 ⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 4
13. 2n 3 5; n 4 14. at least 92

15. 5n 0 n
116 or 311, 2 16. 5b 0 b 186 or 1, 184
⫺14 ⫺12 ⫺10 ⫺8 ⫺6 ⫺4 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
17. 5x 0 x 76 or 1, 72 18. 5d 0 d 86 or 18, 2
⫺1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ⫺10 ⫺8 ⫺6 ⫺4 ⫺2 0
19. 5g 0 g 276 or 1, 274 20. 5p 0 p 36 or 1, 34
20 22 24 26 28 30 ⫺6 ⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 4
21. 5k 0 k
3.56 or 33.5, 2 22. 5y 0 y 56 or 1, 52
⫺7 ⫺6 ⫺5 ⫺4 ⫺3 ⫺2 ⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 4 6

23. 5m 0 m 46 or 14, 2 24. e b ` b

f or c b
2 2
3 3
⫺6 ⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 4
⫺1 0 1 2
25. 5t 0 t 06 or 1, 04 26. 5r 0 r 66 or 1, 64
⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 4 6 ⫺2 0 2 4 6 8
27. 5n 0 n
1.756 or 3 1.75, 2 28. ew ` w f or a , b
1 1
20 20
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

⫺7 ⫺1 ⫺ 3 ⫺ 1 1 3
20 4 20 20 20 20
29. 5x 0 x 2796 or 1, 2792 30. 5c 0 c 186 or 118, 2
⫺286 ⫺284 ⫺282 ⫺280 ⫺278 ⫺276 ⫺20 ⫺18 ⫺16 ⫺14 ⫺12 ⫺10
31. 5d 0 d
56 or 35, 2 32. 5z 0 z 2.66 or 12.6, 2
⫺8 ⫺6 ⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0
33. 5g 0 g 26 or 1, 22 34. e a ` a
f or c , b
5 5
7 7
⫺6 ⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 4
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 8 9 10 11
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
35. e y ` y f or a, b 36. 5p 0 p 06 or 10, 2

1 1
5 5
3 1 1 3 ⫺6 ⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 4 6
1
5 5 5 5
38. e n ` n f or a, d
3 3
37.
2 2
⫺6 ⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 4
⫺4 ⫺3 ⫺2 ⫺1 0 1
39. at least 25 h 40. no more than 14 rides

41. n 8 2; n 6 42. 4n
35; n 8.75
1
43. n 7
5; n
24 44. 3n 1 16; n 5
2
n
45. 21n 52 3n 11; n
1 46. n 9 ; n 18
2
17
47. 217m2
17; m
, at least 48. $24,000 0.015130,500n2
14
2 child-care staff members 40,000

85 91 89 94 s
49. n
34.97; She must sell at 50.
90
5
least 35 cars.
51. s
91; Ahmik must score at 52a. It holds only for or
; 2 2.
least 91 on her next test to 52b. 1 2 but 2 1
have an A test average. 52c. For all real numbers a, b,
and c, if a b and b c
then a c.
53. Answers should include the 54. D
following.
• 150 400
• Let n equal the number of
minutes used. Write an
expression representing the
cost of Plan 1 and for Plan
2 for n minutes. The cost
for Plan 1 would include a
$35 monthly access fee
plus 40¢ for each minute
over 150 minutes or
35 0.41n 1502. The
cost for Plan 2 for 400
minutes or less would be
$55. To find where Plan 2
would cost less than Plan
1 solve 55 35
0.41n 1502 for n. The
solution set is 5n 0 n 2006,
which means that for more
than 200 minutes of calls,
Plan 2 is cheaper.
55. D 56. x 3
57. x
2 58. x
1
59. 514, 206 e , f

5 11
60.
4 4
61. 62. b online browsers each
year; 6b 19.2 106.6;
about 14.6 million online
browsers each year
63. N, W, Z, Q, R 64. Q, R

65. I, R 66. 4.25(5.5 8); 4.25(5.5)

4.25(8)
67. 57, 76 68. 513, 236
e 4, f 70. 511, 256

4
69.
5
71. 511, 16 72. 518, 106
Chapter 1
Practice Quiz 2
Page 39
2s
1. 0.5 2. g
t2
4. e , 5 f
19
3. 14
3
5. e m ` m f or a , b
4 4
9 9
⫺2 0 2 4 2 8
1
9 9 9 3 9
Lesson 1-6 Solving Compound and

Absolute Value Inequalities
Pages 43–46
1. 5 c 15 2. Sample answer: x 3 and
x2
3. Sabrina; an absolute value 4. 0 n 0 8
inequality of the form 0 a 0 b
should be rewritten as an or ⫺12 ⫺8 ⫺4 0 4 8
compound inequality, a b
or a b.
5. 0 n 0 3 6. 0 n 0
4
⫺6 ⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 4
7. 0 n 0 2 8. 5y 0 y 4 or y 16
⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 4 6

9. 5d 0 2 d 36 10. 5a 0 a
5 or a 56
⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 4 6 ⫺8 ⫺4 0 4 8 12
11. 5g 0 13 g 56 12. 5k 0 3 k 76
⫺16 ⫺12 ⫺8 ⫺4 0 4 ⫺2 0 2 4 6 8
c
13. all real numbers 14. 55 60; 343.75 c
6.25
375; between $343.75 and
⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 4 6
$375
15. 0 n 0
5 16. 0 n 0 7
⫺8 ⫺4 0 4 8 12 ⫺8 ⫺4 0 4 8 12
17. 0 n 0 4 18. 0 n 0
6
⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 4 6 ⫺8 ⫺4 0 4 8 12
19. 0 n 0 8 20. 0 n 0 1.2
⫺8 ⫺4 0 4 8 12 ⫺1.4 ⫺1.2 0 1.2 1.4 1.6
21. 0 n 0 1 22. 0 n 0 5
23. 0 n 0
1.5 24. 0 n 0 6
25. 0 n 1 0 1 26. 0 n 1 0 3
27. 5p 0 p 2 or p
86 28. 5t 0 1 t 36
⫺8 ⫺4 0 4 8 12 ⫺2 0 2 4 6 8
29. 5x 0 2 x 46 30. 5c 0 c 2 or c
16
⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 4 6 ⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 4 6
31. 5f 0 7 f 56 32. all real numbers
⫺10 ⫺8 ⫺6 ⫺4 ⫺2 0 ⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 4 6
33. 5g 0 9 g 96 34. 5m 0 m
4 or m 46
⫺8 ⫺4 0 4 8 12 ⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 4 6
35. 36. 5y 0 7 y 76
⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 4 6 ⫺8 ⫺4 0 4 8 12

37. 5b 0 b 10 or b 26 38. 5r 0 3 r 46
⫺4 0 4 8 12 16 ⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 4 6
39. e w ` w 1 f
7
40.
3
⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 4 6
⫺2 ⫺1 0 1
41. all real numbers 42. 5n 0 n

06
⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 4 6 ⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 4 6
en ` n f 44. 5n 0 n 1.56
7
43.
2
⫺2 ⫺1 0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5
45. 6.8 x 7.4 46. 45 s 65

47. 45 s 55 48. 0 t 98.6 0
8; 5b 0 b 106.6
or b 90.66
49. 108 in. L D 130 in. 50. 84 in. L 106 in.
51. a b c, a c b, 52. a b c a b
bca
53a. 54. Compound inequalities can
⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 4 6 be used to describe the
53b. acceptable time frame for the
⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 4 6 fasting state before a glucose
53c. tolerance test is administered
⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 4 6 to a patient suspected of
53d. 3 0 x 2 0 8 can be
having diabetes. Answers
rewritten as 0 x 2 0 3 and
should include the following.
0 x 2 0 8. The solution of
• Use the word and when
0 x 2 0 3 is x 1 or
both inequalities must be
satisfied. Use the word or
x 5. The solution of
0 x 2 0
8 is 10 x 6.
when only one or the
other of the inequalities
Therefore, the union of these
two sets is 1x 1 or x 52
must be satisfied.
• 10 h 16

and 110 x 6). The union • 12 hours would be an

of the graph of x 1 or acceptable fasting state for
x 5 and the graph of this test since it is part of
10 x 6 is shown the solution set of 10 h
below. From this we can see 16, as indicated on the
that solution can be rewritten graph below.
as 110 x 52 or
11 x 62. 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
⫺12 ⫺8 ⫺4 0 4 8
55. x 5 or x 6 56. D
57. 58. 2 x 3
59. 15x 2
32 or 60. abs12x 62 10;
15x 2 32; 5x 0 x
0.2 or 5x x 2 or x 86
x 16
61. d
6 or 36, 2 62. x 4 or 1, 42
⫺8 ⫺6 ⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 ⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 4 6
63. n 1 or 1, 12 64. 0 x 587 0 5; highest: 592

keys, lowest: 582 keys
⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 4 6
65. {10, 16} 66. 511, 46

67. 68. Addition Property of Equality
69. Symmetric Property () 70. Transitive Property of Equality
71. 3a 7b 72. 2m 7n 18
73. 2 74. 92
75. 7

PQ245-6457F-P02[020-055].qxd 7/24/02 12:22 PM Page 20 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-02:
Chapter 2 Linear Relations and Functions

Lesson 2-1 Relations and Functions
Pages 60–62
1. Sample answer: {(4, 3), 2. Sample answer:

(2, 3), (1, 5), (2, 1)} y
O x
3. Molly; to find g(2a), replace 4. yes

x with 2a. Teisha found
2g(a), not g(2a).
5. yes 6. no
7. D {7}, R {1, 2, 5, 8}, no 8. D {3, 4, 6}, R {2.5}, yes
y (7, 8) y
(7, 5) (4, 2.5)

(3, 2.5) (6, 2.5)
(7, 2)
O x
O x
(7, 1)
9. D all reals, 10. D 5x 0 x 06,

R all reals, yes R all reals, no
y y
x y2
O x O x
y 2x 1
11. 10 12. 7

13. D {70, 72, 88}, 14. {(88, 97), (70, 114), (88, 95),
R {95, 97, 105, 114} (72, 105)}
15. Record High Temperatures 16. No; the domain value 88 is
115 paired with two range values.
110
105
July
100
95
0 70 80 90
January
17. yes 18. no

19. no 20. yes
21. yes 22. no
23. D {3, 1, 2}, 24. D {3, 4, 6}, R {5}; yes
R {0, 1, 5}; yes y
y
(3, 5) (4, 5)
(1, 5) (6, 5)
(2, 1)
(3, 0) O x
O x
25. D {2, 3}, R {5, 7, 8}; no 26. D {3, 4, 5, 6},

(2, 8) y R {3, 4, 5, 6}; yes
(3, 7) y
(2, 5) (5, 6)
(3, 4)
(6, 5)
(4, 3)
O x O x

27. D {3.6, 0, 1.4, 2}, 28. D {2.5, 1, 0},

R {3, 1.1, 2, 8}; yes R {1, 1}; no
y y
(3.6, 8) (2.5, 1) (1, 1)

(0, 1)
O x
(1.4, 2) (1, 1)
O x
(0, 1.1)
(2, 3)
29. D all reals, 30. D all reals,

R all reals; yes R all reals; yes
y y
y 3x
O x O x
y 5x

R all reals; yes R all reals; yes
y y
O x
O x y 7x 6
y 3x 4

33. D all reals, 34. D 5x 0 x 36,

R 5y 0 y 06, yes R all reals; no
y y
O x
2
yx
x 2y 2 3
O x
35. 36. D {47, 48, 52, 56},

American League Leaders R {145, 147, 148, 157, 165}
170
165
160
RBI
155
150
145
140
0 48 50 52 54 56
HR
37. No; the domain value 56 is 38. {(1997, 39), (1998, 43),
paired with two different (1999, 48), (2000, 55),
range values. (2001, 61), (2002, 52)}
39. Stock Price 40. D {1997, 1998, 1999,
70 2000, 2001, 2002},
60 R {39, 43, 48, 52, 55, 61}
50
Price ($)
40
30
20
10
0
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
Year
41. Yes; each domain value is 42. {(1987, 12), (1989, 13),
paired with only one range (1991, 11), (1993, 12),
value. (1995, 9), (1997, 6), (1999, 3)}

43. 30+ Years of Service 44. D {1987, 1989, 1991,

14
1993, 1995, 1997, 1999},
12 R {3, 6, 9, 11, 12, 13}
Representatives
10
8
6
4
2
0
’87 ’91 ’95 ’99
Year
45. Yes; no; each domain value 46. 14

is paired with only one range
value so the relation is a
function, but the range value
12 is paired with two domain
values so the function is not
one-to-one.
2
47. 6 48.
9
49. 3 50. 3a 5
51. 25n 2 5n 52. 4
53. 11 54. 39
55. f(x) 4x 3 56. Relations and functions can
be used to represent
biological data. Answers
• If the data are written as
ordered pairs, then those
ordered pairs are a
relation.
• The maximum lifetime of
an animal is not a function
of its average lifetime.
57. B 58. C
59. discrete 60. continuous
61. discrete 62. continuous
63. 5y 0 8 y 66 64. 5m 0 4 m 66
65. 5x 0 x 5.16 66. $2.85

67. $29.82 68. 43

69. 31a 10b 70. 1
71. 2 72. 6
73. 15
Lesson 2-2 Linear Equations

Pages 65–67
1. The function can be written as 2. 5, 2
1
f(x) x 1, so it is of the
2
form f(x) mx b, where
1
m and b 1.
2
3. Sample answer: x y 2 4. No, the variables have an
exponent other than 1.
5. yes 6. 3x y 5; 3, 1, 5
7. 2x 5y 3; 2, 5, 3 8. 2x 3y 3; 2, 3, 3
5
9. , 5 10. 2, 2
3
y
y
O x
O x
y 3x 5 xy20
3
11. 2, 3 12. 3,
2
y
y
3x 2y 6
x x
O
O
4x 8y 12

13. $177.62 14. 563.00 euros

15. yes 16. No; x appears in a
denominator.
17. No; y is inside a square root. 18. No; x has exponents other
than 1.
19. No; x appears in a 20. yes
denominator.
21. No; x has an exponent other 22. No; x is inside a square root.
than 1.
23. x 2 5y 0 24. h(x ) x 3 x 2 3x
25. 7200 m 26. Sound travels only 1715 m in
5 seconds in air, so it travels
faster underwater.
27. 3x y 4; 3, 1, 4 28. 12x y 0; 12, 1, 0
29. x 4y 5; 1, 4, 5 30. x 7y 2; 1, 7, 2
31. 2x y 5; 2, 1, 5 32. x 2y 3; 1, 2, 3
33. x y 12; 1, 1, 12 34. x y 6; 1, 1, 6
35. x 6; 1, 0, 6 36. y 40; 0, 1, 40
37. 25x 2y 9; 25, 2, 9 38. 5x 4y 2; 5, 4, 2
39. 3, 5 40. 6, 2
y y
5x 3y 15 2x 6y 12
x
O O x

10 5
41. , 42. 5, 2
3 2
y
y
3x 4y 10 0
O x
O x
2x 5y 10 0
1
43. 0, 0 44. , 2
2
y
y
yx
O
x
O x
y 4x 2
45. none, 2 46. none, 4

y y
y4
O x O x
y 2
47. 8, none 48. 1, none

y y
8
6
4 x8 x1
2
O x O
8 64 2 2 4 6 x
2
4
6
8

1
49. , 1 50. 6, 3
4
g (x )
f (x )
f (x ) 4x 1 g (x ) 0.5x 3
O x
O x
51. y
x y 5
52. Sample answer: x y 2
x
O
xy0
x y 5
The lines are parallel but

have different y-intercepts.
53. 90C 54. 4 km
55.
160
T (d ) 56. 1.75b 1.5c 525
120
80
40
4 32 O1 2 3 4 d
40
80
120 T (d ) 35d 20
160
57. c 58. Yes; the graph passes the

350 1.75b 1.5c 525 vertical line test.
300
250
200
150
100
50
0 100 200 400b

21
59. no 60. units2
2
61. A linear equation can be 62. B
used to relate the amounts
of time that a student spends
on each of two subjects if
the total amount of time is
fixed. Answers should include
the following.
• x and y must be
nonnegative because
Lolita cannot spend a
negative amount of time
studying a subject.
• The intercepts represent
Lolita spending all of her
time on one subject. The
x-intercept represents her
spending all of her time on
math, and the y-intercept
represents her spending
all of her time on chemistry.
63. B 64. D {1, 1, 2, 4},
R {4, 3, 5}; yes
y
(1, 5) (
1, 3) (4, 3)
O x
(2, 4)
65. D {0, 1, 2}, 66. 5x 0 1 x 26

R {1, 0, 2, 3}; no
y
(1, 3)
(0, 2)
(1, 0)
O x
(2, 1)

67. 5x 0 x 6 or x 26 68. $7.95

69. 3s 14 70. 4
1 1
71. 72.
3 4
3
73. 2 74.
2
4
75. 5 76.
15
77. 0.4 78. 0.8
Lesson 2-3 Slope

Pages 71–74
1. Sample answer: y 1 2. Sometimes; the slope of a

vertical line is undefined.
3. Luisa; Mark did not subtract 4. 0
in a consistent manner when
using the slope formula. If
y2 5 and y1 4, then x2
must be 1 and x1 must be
2, not vice versa.
1
5. 6. 1
2
7. y 8. y
O x O x

9. y 10. y
O x
O x
11. y 12. 5.5/hr
O x
13. 1.25/hr 14. 2:00 P.M.–4:00 P.M.

5
15. 16. 13
2
3
17. 18. 4
5
19. 0 20. 1
21. 8 22. undefined
5
23. 4 24.
4
25. undefined 26. 0
27. 1 28. 9
29. about 0.6 30. about 1.3
31. y 32. y
O x
O x

33. y 34. y
O x
O x
35. y 36. y
O x O x
37. about 68 million per year 38. about 32 million per year
39. The number of cassette 40. 55 mph
tapes shipped has been
decreasing.
41. 45 mph 42. speed or velocity
43. y 44. y
O x O x
45. y 46. y
O x O x

47. y 48. y
O x O x
49. y 50. y
x
O
O x
51. Yes; slopes show that 52. 1

adjacent sides are
perpendicular.
53. The grade or steepness of a 54. D
road can be interpreted
mathematically as a slope.
Answers should include the
following.
• Think of the diagram at the
beginning of the lesson as
being in a coordinate
plane. Then the rise is a
change in y-coordinates
and the horizontal
distance is a change in
x-coordinates. Thus, the
grade is a slope expressed
as a percent.

• y
x
y 0.08x
55. D 56. The graphs have the same

y-intercept. As the slopes
increase, the lines get
steeper.
57. The graphs have the same 58. 10, 4
y-intercept. As the slopes 8
y
become more negative, the 2x 5y 20 6
lines get steeper. 4
2
O
108 64 2 2 4x
2
4
6
8
8
59. 2, 60. 0, 0
3
y
y
y 7x
O x
O
4x 3y 8 0
x
61. 7 62. 5
5
63. 64. 3a 4
2
65. 5x 0 1 x 36 66. 5z 0 z 7356

67. at least 8 68. 17a b

69. 9 70. y 9 x
71. y 4x 2 72. y 3x 7
5 1 3 4
73. y x 74. y x
2 2 5 5
2 11
75. y x
3 3
Chapter 2
Practice Quiz 1
Page 74
1. D {7, 3, 0, 2}, 2. 375

R {2, 1, 2, 4, 5}
3. 6x y 4 4. 10, 6
y
3x 5y 30
x
O
5. y
O x

Lesson 2-4 Writing Linear Equations

Pages 78–80
1. Sample answer: y 3x 2 2. 6, 0
3. Solve the equation for y to get 4. 2, 5
3 2
y x . The slope of this
5 5
3
line is The slope of a
.
5
parallel line is the same.
3
5. , 5 6. y 0.5x 1
2
3 5
7. y x 2 8. y x 16
4 2
3 16
9. y x 10. y x 2
5 5
5
11. y x 7 12. B
4
2 3
13. , 4 14. , 0
3 4
1 5 3
15. , 16. , 6
2 2 5
17. undefined, none 18. c, d

5 29
19. y 0.8x 20. y x
3 3
21. y 4 22. y 2
23. y 3x 6 24. y 0.25x 4
1 7 3 17
25. y x 26. y x
2 2 2 2
27. y 0.5x 2 28. y 4x

4 17
29. y x 30. no slope-intercept form for
5 5
x7
3
31. y 0 32. y x
2
3 1
33. y x 4 34. y x
4 4

2 10
35. y x 36. y 4x 3
3 3
1 23
37. y x 38. y x 4
15 5
39. y 3x 2 40. y 2x 6
41. d 180c 360 42. 180, 360
43. 540 44. y 75x 6000
9
45. 10 mi 46. y x 32
5
y
80
60
40 y 95 x 32
O x
30 10 10 20 30
20
40
47. 68F 48. 40

49. y 0.35x 1.25 50. $11.75
51. y 2x 4 52. A linear equation can
sometimes be used to relate
a company’s cost to the
number they produce of a
product. Answers should
• The y-intercept, 5400, is
the cost the company
must pay if they produce
0 units, so it is the fixed
cost. The slope, 1.37,
means that it costs $1.37
to produce each unit. The
variable cost is 1.37x.
• $6770
53. C 54. A
x 5
55. y 56. , 5
5 1 2
5
2
57. 2 58. 3

59. 0 60. 0.55 s

61. 62. 5x 0 x 66
63. 5r 0 r 66 64. 3
65. 6.5 66. 323.5
67. 5.85
Lesson 2-5 Modeling Real-World Data:

Using Scatter Plots
Pages 83–86
1. d 2. D {1, 1, 2, 4},
R {0, 2, 3}; Sample
answer using (1, 0) and
(2, 2): 4
3. Sample answer using 4a. Atmospheric Temperature
16
(4, 130.0) and (6, 140.0): 14
y 5x 110
Temperature (˚C)
12
10
8
6
4
2
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

Altitude (ft)
4b. Sample answer using

(2000, 11.0) and (3000, 9.1):
y 0.0019x 14.8
4c. Sample answer: 5.3C
5a. Cable Television 6a. Lives Saved by
80 Minimum Drinking Age
Households (millions)
70 25
Lives (thousands)
60 20
50 15
40 10
30 5
20 0
10 ’94 ’95 ’96 ’97 ’98 ’99 ’00
0 Year
’88 ’90 ’92 ’94 ’96 ’98 ’00
Year

5b. Sample answer using 6b. Sample answer using

(1992, 57) and (1998, 67): (1996, 16.5) and (1998, 18.2):
y 1.67x 3269.64 y 0.85x 1680.1
5c. Sample answer: about 6c. Sample answer: 28,400
87 million
7a. 2000–2001 8a. Bottled Water Consumption
Detroit Red Wings 14
60 12
50 10
Gallons
40 8
Assists
30 6
20 4
10 2
0 0
10 20 30 40 ’91 ’93 ’95 ’97 ’99
Goals Year
7b. Sample answer using (4, 5) 8b. Sample answer using (1993,
and (32, 37): 9.4) and (1996, 12.5):
y 1.14x 0.44 y 1.03x 2043.39
7c. Sample answer: about 13 8c. Sample answer: about 26.9 gal
9a. Broadway 10. Sample answer using
Play Revenue (1990, 563) and (1995, 739):
700 y 35.2x 69,485
Revenue ($ millions)
600
500
400
300
200
100
0 1 2 3 4
Seasons Since ’95–’96
9b. Sample answer using

(1, 499) and (3, 588):
y 44.5x 454.5, where x
is the number of seasons
since 1995–1996
9c. Sample answer: about
$1078 million or $1.1 billion
11. Sample answer: $1091 12. The value predicted by the
equation is somewhat lower
than the one given in the
graph.

13. Sample answer: Using the 14. No. Past performance is no

data for August and guarantee of the future
November, a prediction performance of a stock.
equation for Company 1 is Other factors that should be
y 0.86x 25.13, where considered include the
x is the number of months companies’ earnings data
since August. The negative and how much debt they
slope suggests that the value have.
of Company 1’s stock is
going down. Using the data
for October and November, a
prediction equation for
Company 2 is y 0.38x
31.3, where x is the number
of months since August. The
positive slope suggests that
the value of Company 2’s
stock is going up. Since the
value of Company 1’s stock
appears to be going down,
and the value of Company
2’s stock appears to be going
up, Della should buy
Company 2.
15. World Cities 16. Sample answer using
40 (213, 26) and (298, 23):
35
y 0.04x 34.52
Precipitation (in.)
30
25
20
15
10
5
0 200 400 600

Elevation (ft)
17. Sample answer: about 23 in. 18. Sample answer: The

predicted value differs from
the actual value by more
than 20%, possibly because
no line fits the data very well.

19. Sample answer using (1975, 20. Sample answer: The

62.5) and (1995, 81.7): 96.1% predicted percent is almost
certainly too high. Since the
percent cannot exceed
100%, it cannot continue to
increase indefinitely at a
linear rate.
21. See students’ work. 22. Data can be used to write a
linear equation that
approximates the number of
Calories burned per hour in
terms of the speed that a
person runs. Answers should
• Calories Burned
While Running
1000
800
Calories
600
400
200
0 5 6 7 8 9
Speed (mph)
• Sample answer using
(5, 508) and (8, 858):
y 116.67x 75.35
• about 975 calories;
Sample answer: The
predicted value differs
from the actual value by
only about 2%.
23. D 24. A
25. 1988, 1993, 1998; 247, 26. y 21.4x 42,296.2
360.5, 461
27. 354 28. about (1993, 356.17)
29. y 21.4x 42,294.03 30. about 613, about 720
3 6
31. y 4x 6 32. y x
7 7
33. 3 34. 7

29 37
35. 36.
3 3
37. 5x 0 x 7 or x 16 38. 3
39. 11 40. 0
2
41. 42. 1.5
3
Lesson 2-6 Special Functions

Pages 92–95
1. Sample answer: [[1.9]] 1 2. 1

3. Sample answer: f(x) 0 x 10 4. A
5. S 6. D all reals,
R all integers

R all integers R all nonnegative reals
g (x ) h (x )
g (x ) 冀2x 冁 h (x ) |x 4|
O
x
O x

9. D all reals, 10. D all reals, R 5y 0 y

26
R all nonnegative reals g (x )
O x
11. D all reals, R all reals 12. step function
13. 14. $6
0 Time (hr)
15. C 16. A
17. S 18. S
19. A 20. P
21. 5
y 22.
1.00
4 0.90
3 0.80
2 0.70
1 0.60
x
0.50
O 60 180 300
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Minutes
C C
23. $1.00 24. D all reals,

R all integers
f (x )
O x
f (x ) 冀x 3冁

R all integers R all even integers
g (x ) f (x )
g (x ) 冀x 2冁
O x O x
f (x ) 2冀x 冁

R {3a 0 a is an integer.} R all integers
h (x ) g (x )
12
9
6 h (x ) 3冀x 冁
O x
4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 O x
3
6 g (x ) 冀x 冁 3
9
12

R all integers R all nonnegative reals
f (x )
f (x ) 冀x 冁 1
O x

31. D all reals, 32. D all reals, R {y 0 y 3}

R all nonnegative reals g (x )
h (x )
h (x ) |x |
g (x ) |x | 3
O x
O x
33. D all reals, R {y 0 y 4} 34. D all reals,

g (x ) R all nonnegative reals
h (x )
g (x ) |x | 4
O x
O x
h (x ) |x 3|

R all nonnegative reals R all nonnegative reals
f (x ) f (x )
f (x ) |x 2|
O x O x
|
f (x ) x 1
4 |
37. D all reals, 38. D all reals, R {y 0 y 3}

R all nonnegative reals f (x )
f (x )
O x
O x
|
f (x ) x 1
2 |

39. D {x 0 x 2 or x 2}, 40. D all reals,

R {1, 1} R {y 0 y
0 or y 2}
h (x ) f (x )
O x
O x

g (x ) R all nonnegative whole
numbers
f (x )
O
x
O x
f (x ) 冀|x |冁
43. D all reals, 44. 2 if x 1

R all nonnegative whole f(x) • 2x if 1
x
1
numbers x if x 1
g (x )
O x
g (x ) |冀x 冁|
45. f (x) 0x 2 0 46. {x 0 x 0}

47. 48. 0 if 0
x
300
f (x) e
0.8 (x 300) if x 300

49. y 50. A step function can be used

|x | |y | 3 to model the cost of a letter
in terms of its weight.
O x following.
• Since the cost of a letter
must be one of the values
$0.34, $0.55, $0.76, $0.97,
and so on, a step function
is the best model for the
cost of mailing a letter. The
gas mileage of a car can
be any real number in an
interval of real numbers,
so it cannot be modeled by
a step function. In other
words, gas mileage is a
continuous function of time.
•
2.10
1.80
Cost ($)
1.50
1.20
0.90
0.60
0.30
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Weight (oz)
51. B 52. D
53. Life Expectancy 54. Sample answer using
78 (10, 69.7) and (47, 76.5):
76 y 0.18x 67.9
74
72
70
Years Since 1950
55. Sample answer: 78.7 yr 56. y 3x 10

57. y x 2 58. {x 0 x 3}
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
59. e y ` y f
5
60. yes
6
3 2 1 0 1 2 3
61. no 62. no
63. yes 64. no
65. yes
Chapter 2
Practice Quiz 2
Page 95
2 11
1. y x 2. Houston Comets
3 3
250
200
150
100
50
0 65 70 75 80
Height (in.)
3. Sample answer using 4. Sample answer: 168 Ib

(66, 138) and (74, 178):
y 5x 192
5. D all reals,
R nonnegative reals
f (x )
f (x ) |x 1|
O x

Lesson 2-7 Graphing Inequalities

Pages 98–99
1. y
3x 4 2. Substitute the coordinates of
a point not on the boundary
into the inequality. If the
inequality is satisfied, shade
the region containing the
point. If the inequality is not
satisfied, shade the region
that does not contain the
point.
3. Sample answer: y 0 x 0 4. y
y 2
O x
5. 6. y
O x
x y 0
7. y 8. y
x y |2x |
O O x
x 2y 5

9. y 10. 10c 13d

40
x
O
y 3|x | 1
11. d 12. No; (3, 2) is not in the

shaded region.
10c 13d 40
c
O
13. y 14. y
3 x 3y
x
O O x
x y 5
15. y 16.
y 6x 2
O x
17. y 18. y
y 4x 3
O x O x
y 2 3x

19. y 20. y
y 1
y 14
O x O x
21. y 22. y
4x 5y 10 0
O x O x
x 6y 3 0
23. y 24. y
y 1x 5
3
O x
y 1x 5
2
O x
25. y 26. y
y |4x |
y |x | O x O x

27. y 28. y
y |x 1| 2
x O
O x
y |x | 3
29. y 30. y
y |x |
x y 1
O
x x
O
x y 1
y |x |
31. x 2 32. y 3x 5
y y
x 2 O x
O x
y 3x 5
33. y 34. yes

350
250
0.4x 0.6y 90
150
50
O 50 150 250 350 x

35. 4a 3s 2000 36. 800

s
600
4a 3s 2000
400
200
a
O 200 400 600 800
37. yes 38. 1.2a 1.8b 9000

b
6000 1.2a 1.8b 9000
4000
2000
a
O 2000 4000 6000 8000
39. yes 40. y
|y | x
O x
41. Linear inequalities can be 42. A

used to track the
performance of players in
fantasy football leagues.
following.

• Let x be the number of

receiving yards and let y
be the number of
touchdowns. The number
of points Dana gets from
receiving yards is 5x and
the number of points he
gets from touchdowns is
100y. His total number of
points is 5x 100y. He
wants at least 1000 points,
so the inequality 5x
100y 1000 represents
the situation.
• y
12
10 5x 100y 1000
2
O
50 100 200 300 x
• the first one

43. B 44.
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
45. 46.
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1 [10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1

47. 48. D all reals,

R all integers
f (x )
O x
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
f (x ) 冀x 冁 4

g (x ) R all nonnegative reals
g (x ) |x | 1 h (x )
O
x
O x
h (x ) |x 3|
51. Sales vs. Experience 52. Sample answer using

10,000 (4, 6000) and (6, 8000):
8000 y 1000x 2000
Sales ($)
6000
4000
2000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Years
53. Sample answer: $10,000 54. 8

1
55. 3 56.
2

Chapter 3 Systems of Equations and Inequalities

Lesson 3-1 Solving Systems of Equations by Graphing
Pages 112–115
1. Two lines cannot intersect in 2. Sample answer:

exactly two points. x y 4, x y 2
3. A graph is used to estimate 4. y
the solution. To determine (2, 5)
that the point lies on both y x 3
lines, you must check that it
satisfies both equations. y 2x 9
x
O
5. y 6. y
3x 2y 10 4x 2y 22
O
(2, 2) x
2x 3y 10
x (4, 3)
O 6x 9y 3
7. consistent and independent 8. inconsistent

y y
2x 4y 8
yx4
x
y6x O
O x x 2y 2

9. consistent and dependent 10. y 0.08x 3.2,

y y 0.10x 2.6
O x
x 2y 8
1
2
xy4
11. The cost is $5.60 for both 12. You should use Specialty
stores to develop 30 prints. Photos if you are developing
less than 30 prints, and you
should use The Photo Lab if
you are developing more than
30 prints.
13. y 14. y
O x
y 3x 1
y 3x 8
O x
(1, 2)
y 2x 4
(0, 8)
yx8
15. y 16. y
x 2y 6 2x 3y 12 (3, 2)
(4, 1)
O x O x
2x y 9 2x y 4
17. y
x 2y 11
18. y (7, 6)
7x 1 8y
(5, 3)
3x 7y 6
O x O x
5x 11 4y

19. y 20. y
4x 2y 4 (1.5, 5)
(3.5, 0)
2x 3y 7
x O
O x
2x 3y 7 8x 3y 3
21. y 22. y
y 13 x 6
1 (4, 2)
4
x 2y 5
O x
(9, 3)
2x y 6
O x
2
3
x y 3
23. y 24. y
4
3
x 15 y 3
1
2
xy0
O x
O x
(4, 2)
(3, 5)
2
1
x 12 y 2 3
x 35 y 5
4
25. inconsistent 26. consistent and independent

y y
yx4
yx3
x
O x O
yx4 y 2x 6

27. consistent and independent 28. consistent and dependent

y y
xy4 3x y 3
O x
x
O
6x 2y 6
4x y 9
29. inconsistent 30. consistent and dependent

y y
yx5
4x 2y 6
O x
x
O
6x 3y 9
2y 2x 8
31. consistent and independent 32. inconsistent

y y
2y x
2y 5 x
O x
8y 2x 1 x
O
6y 7 3x
33. consistent and independent 34. consistent and dependent

y y
1.6y 0.4x 1
0.8x 1.5y 10
O x
1.2x 2.5y 4
0.4y 0.1x 0.25
O x

35. inconsistent 36. consistent and independent

y y
y 13 x 2 4
3
x y 2
O
x O x
3y x 2
2y 4x 3
37. (3, 1) 38. (1, 3), (2, 1), (2, 3)

y
y 2x 1
4x y 7
O x
2y x 4
39. y 52 0.23x, y 80 40. (120, 80)

120
y 80
80
Cost ($)
40 y 52 0.23x
0 40 80 120 160
Miles
41. Deluxe Plan 42. Supply, 200,000; demand,

300,000; prices will tend to
rise.
43. Supply, 300,000; demand, 44. 250,000; $10.00
200,000; prices will tend to
fall.

45. y 304x 15,982, 46. 2015

y 98.6x 18,976
Population (Thousands)
24,000 y 98.6x 18,976
20,000
16,000 y 304x 15,982
12,000
0 4 8 12 16 20
Years After 1999
a d c f
47. FL will probably be ranked 48a. ,
b e b e
third by 2020. The graphs a d
intersect in the year 2015, so 48b.
b e
NY will still have a higher a d c f
population in 2010, but FL 48c. ,
b e b e
will have a higher population
in 2020.
49. You can use a system of 50. A
equations to track sales and
make predictions about
future growth based on past
performance and trends in
the graphs. Answers should
• The coordinates (6, 54)
represent that 6 years
after 1999 both the in-
store sales and online
sales will be $54,000.
• The in-store sales and the
online sales will never be
equal and in-store sales
will continue to be higher
than online sales.
51. C 52. (3.40, 2.58)
53. (5.56, 12) 54. (4, 3.42)
55. no solution 56. (9, 3.75)

57. (2.64, 42.43) 58. y
y 5 3x
O x
59. y 60. y
2x y 4
O x
O x
2y 1 x
61. A 62. C
63. S 64. {13, 13}
65. {15, 9} 66.
68. e5, f
7
67. {2, 3}
2
69. {9} 70. 8 2n
71. x 2 6 72. 41a 52
z
73. 1 74. x 2
3
75. 9y 1 76. 3x 6y
77. 12x 18y 6 78. 15x 10y 10
79. x 4y
Lesson 3-2 Solving Systems

of Equations Algebraically
Pages 119–122
1. See students’ work; one 2. There are infinitely many
equation should have a solutions.
variable with a coefficient of 1.

3. Vincent; Juanita subtracted 4. (4, 8)

the two equations incorrectly;
y y 2y, not 0.
5. (1, 3) 6. (4, 1)
7. (5, 2) 8. (9, 7)
9. (6, 20) 10. no solution
11. a3 , 2 b
1 2
12. C
3 3
13. (9, 5) 14. (2, 7)
15. (3, 2) 16. (6, 8)
17. no solution 18. (1, 1)
19. (4, 3) 20. (1, 8)
21. (2, 0) 22. (3, 1)
23. (10, 1) 24. (7, 9)
25. (4, 3) 26. (6, 5)
27. (8, 3) 28. (7, 1)
29. no solution 30. (5, 8)
31. a , b 32. a , 2b
1 3 1
2 2 3
33. (6, 11) 34. infinitely many
35. (1.5, 0.5) 36. (2, 4)
37. 8, 6 38. 2, 12
39. x y 28, 40. 18 members rented skis
16x 19y 478 and 10 members rented
snowboards.
41. 4 2-bedroom, 2 3-bedroom 42. (5, 2), (4, 4),
(2, 8), (1, 10)
43. x y 30, 44. 18 printers, 12 monitors
700x 200y 15,000
45. 2x 4y 100, y 2x 46. 10 true/false, 20 multiple-
choice
47. Yes; they should finish the 48. a s 40, 11a 4s 335
test within 40 minutes.

49. 25 min of step aerobics, 50. (4, 6)

15 min of stretching
51. You can use a system of 52. C
equations to find the monthly
fee and rate per minute
charged during the months
of January and February.
following.
• The coordinates of the
point of intersection are
(0.08, 3.5).
• Currently, Yolanda is
paying a monthly fee of
$3.50 and an additional
8¢ per minute. If she
graphs y 0.08x 3.5 (to
represent what she is
paying currently) and
y 0.10x 3 (to represent
the other long-distance
plan) and finds the
intersection, she can
identify which plan would
be better for a person with
her level of usage.
53. A 54. inconsistent
y
yx2
O x
yx1

55. consistent and dependent 56. consistent and independent

y y
4y 2x 4
3x y 1
O x O x
y 12 x 1 y 2x 4
57. y 58. y
O x
O x
xy3
5y 4x 20
59. y 60. 7x y 4; 7, 1, 4
3x 9y 15
O x
61. x y 0; 1, 1, 0 62. 3x 5y 2; 3, 5, 2

63. 2x y 3; 2, 1, 3 64. x 2y 6; 1, 2, 6
65. 3x 2y 21; 3, 2, 21 66. 0.6 ampere
67. yes 68. no
69. no 70. yes

Chapter 3
Practice Quiz 1
Page 122
1. y 2. y
(1, 7) y 3x 10
(3, 2)
2x 3y 12
x
O
y x 6 2x y 4
O x
3. (2, 7) 4. (4, 1)

5. Hartsfield, 78 million; O’Hare,
72.5 million
Lesson 3-3 Solving Systems of Inequalities by Graphing

Pages 125–127
1. Sample answer: 2. true

y x 3, y x 2
3a. 4 4. y
3b. 2
3c. 1
3d. 3 y2
O x
x4
5. y 6. y
xy2
y 2x 4
O x O x
x 1
x3
yx2

7. y 8. (3, 3), (2, 2), (5, 3)
y 2x 1
x1
x
O
x 2y 3
9. (4, 3), (1, 2), (2, 9), (7, 4) 10. 10 m
Muffins 8 b2
6 2.5b 3.5m 28
2 m3
b
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Bagels
11. Sample answer: 3 packages 12. y

of bagels, 4 packages of
muffins; 4 packages of
bagels, 4 packages of
muffins; 3 packages of y3
bagels, 5 packages of
O x
muffins
x2
13. y 14. y
O x y2x
x
O
y 4
x 1 yx4

15. y 16. y
y2
3x 2y 6
O y 2 x O x
4x y 2
yx3
17. y 18. y
4x 3y 7
y 12 x 1
O x
2y x 6 O x
y 2x 3
19. no solution 20. y
y1 x3
O x
y 1
x 3
21. y 22. no solution

x2
x 3y 6
O x
x 4
23. y 24. (0, 0), (0, 4), (8, 0)

2x y 4
2x 4y 7
O
x
x 3y 2

25. (3, 4), (5, 4), (1, 4) 26. (0, 4), (3, 0), (3, 5)
27. (6, 9), (2, 7), (10, 1) 28. (11, 3), (1, 3),
(6, 4), a6, 5 b
1
2
29. (4, 3), (2, 7), 30. 16 units2
(4, 1), a7 , 2 b
1 1
3 3
31. 64 units2 32. 16 y
14
Hours Raking Leaves 12

10 x y 15
8
6
4
2 10x 12y 120 x
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Hours Cutting Grass
33. s 111, s
130, 34. category 4; 13-18 ft
h 9, h
12
16
h
14
h 12
Storm Surge (ft)
12
s 130
10 h9
8
s 111
s
0 80 100 120 140 160
Wind Speed (mph)

35. y 36. Sample answer: 2 pumpkin,

14 2x 1.5y 24 8 soda; 4 pumpkin, 6 soda;
12 8 pumpkin, 4 soda
Swedish Soda
10
x 2.5y 26
8
6
4
2
x
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Pumpkin
37. 6 pumpkin, 8 soda 38. 42 units2

39. The range for normal blood 40. B
pressure satisfies four
inequalities that can be
graphed to find their
intersection. Answers should
• Graph the blood pressure
as an ordered pair; if the
point lies in the shaded
region, it is in the normal
range.
• High systolic pressure is
represented by the region
to the right of x 140 and
high diastolic pressure is
represented by the region
above y 90.
41. Sample answer: 42. (3, 8)
y
6, y 2, x
5, x 1
43. (6, 5) 44. (8, 5)
45. y 46. infinitely many
y
2x y 3
y 2x 1
(2, 3) O x
O x
y 12 x 4
6x 3y 9

1
47. y 48. y x 6
2
x 8y 12
(4, 2)
O x
2x y 6
49. 5 50. 12

51. 8 52. 27
53. 5 54. 8.25
Lesson 3-4 Linear Programming

Pages 132–135
1. sometimes 2. Sample answer:

y x, y x 5, y
0
3. y 4. y
(1, 4)
(5, 2) (3, 1) ( 53 , 1)
(1, 2)
O x
O x
vertices: (1, 2), (1, 4), (5, 2); vertices: (3, 1), Q , 1R;
5
max: f (5, 2) 4, 3
min: f (1, 4) 10 min: f (3, 1) 17;
no maximum

5. y 6. y
(7, 8.5)
(1, 3) (6, 3) (2, 6)
(0, 1) (10, 1)
O x
O (2, 0) x
vertices: (0, 1), (1, 3), (6, 3),
(10, 1); max: f (10, 1) 31,
min: f (0, 1) 1 (7, 5)
vertices: (2, 0), (2, 6), (7, 8.5),

(7, 5); max: f(7, 8.5) 81.5,
min: f(2, 0) 16
7. y 8. y
(2, 4)
(1, 2) (2, 3)
(4, 1)
O x
O x (3, 1)
(3, 2)
(2, 3)
(2, 3)
vertices: (3, 1), (1, 2),
vertices: (2, 4), (2, 3), (2, 3), (3,2); max: f(3, 2)
(2, 3), (4, 1); max: f(2, 3) 5, min: f(1, 2) 3
5; min: f (2, 4) 6
9. c 0, l 0, c 3l
56, 10. 28
ᐉ
4c 2l
104 24
Leather Tote Bags
20 (0, 18 23 )
16
(20, 12)
12
4
(0, 0) (26, 0)
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 c
Canvas Tote Bags
11. (0, 0), (26, 0), (20, 12), a0, 18 b

2
12. f(c, l) 20c 35l
3
13. 20 canvas tote bags and 14. $820
12 leather tote bags
15. y 16. y
(3, 5)
(6, 13)
O x
(0, 4)
(3, 4)
(0, 1) (6, 1) vertices: (0, 4), (3, 5),

(3, 4); max: f (3, 4) 7,
O x min: f (3, 5) 2
vertices: (0, 1), (6, 1), (6, 13);
max: f (6, 13) 19;
min: f (0, 1) 1
17. y 18. y
(5, 8)
(2, 3) (4, 4)
(2, 1) (4, 1)
(1, 4)
O x
(1, 2) (5, 2)
O x
vertices: (2, 1), (2, 3), (4, 4),
(4, 1); max: f (4, 4) 16;
vertices: (1, 4), (5, 8), min: f (2, 1) 5
(5, 2), (1, 2); max: f (5, 2)
11, min: f (1, 4) 5
19. y 20. y
(3, 5)
12 (6, 12)
8 (2, 8)
4
(3, 1) O x (2, 2)
4 O 4 8 x
4
(6, 6)
vertices: (3, 1), (3, 5); 8
min: f (3, 1) 9;
no maximum vertices: (2, 2), (2, 8), (6, 12),
(6, 6); max: f(6, 12) 30,
min: f(6, 6) 24

21. y 22. y
(0, 7)
(0, 2) (2, 1) (4, 3)

O x
(0, 0) (3, 0)
(0, 0)
O (2, 0) x
vertices: (0, 0), (0, 2), (2, 1), vertices: (0, 0), (0, 7), (4, 3),
(3, 0); max: f (0, 2) 6; (2, 0); max: f (4, 3) 14;
min: f (3, 0) 12 min: f (0, 7) 14
23. y 24. y
(8, 6)
(0, 4)
(3, 0)
O x
(4, 0)
(0, 3) x
O
vertices: (3, 0), (0, 3); vertices: (0, 4), (4, 0), (8, 6);
min: f (0, 3) 12; max: f (4, 0) 4; min:
no maximum f (0, 4) 8
25. y 26. y
(0, 2) (4, 3) (0, 2) (4, 3)
(2, 0)
O x O x
( 73 , 13 )
vertices: (0, 2), (4, 3), vertices: (0, 2), (4, 3), (2, 0);
max: f (4, 3) 13,
a , b; max: f (4, 3) 25,
7 1
3 3 min: f (2, 0) 2
min: f (0, 2) 6

27. y 28. y
(2, 5)
(2, 2)
(3, 0) (0, 1) (4, 1)

O x x
(0, 0) O (5, 0)
vertices: (2, 5), (3, 0); vertices: (0, 0), (0, 1), (2, 2),
min: f (3, 0) 3, no maximum (4, 1), (5, 0); max: f (5, 0)
15, min: f (0, 1) 5
29. y
(4, 4)
30a. Sample answer:
f (x, y) 2x y
(2, 3)
(5, 3) 30b. Sample answer:
f (x, y) 3y 2x
(2, 1) (4, 1) 30c. Sample answer:
O x f (x, y) x y
30d. Sample answer:
f (x, y) x 3y
vertices: (2, 1), (2, 3), (4, 1), 30e. Sample answer:
(4, 4), (5, 3); max: f(4, 1) 0, f (x, y) x 2y
min: f (4, 4) 12
31. g 0, c 0, 1.5g 2c
32. 50
g
85, g 0.5c
40
Graphing Calculators
40
30
(0, 42.5) (30, 20)
20
10 (0, 0) (40, 0) c
0 10 20 30 40 50
CAS Calculators
33. (0, 0), (0, 42.5), (30, 20), 34. f (g, c) 50g 65c
(40, 0)
35. 30 graphing calculators, 36. $2800
20 CAS calculators
37. See students’ work. 38. c 0, s 0, c s
4500,
4c 5s
20,000

39. (0, 0), (0, 4000), (2500, 2000), 40. 2500 acres of corn,
(4000, 0) 2000 acres soybeans;
S $125,000
4000
3000
(0, 4000) (2500, 2000)
2000
1000
(0, 0) (4500, 0)
0 2000 4000 c
41. 4000 acres corn, 0 acres 42. 3 chocolate chip, 9 peanut

soybeans; $130,500 butter
43. There are many variables in 44. A
scheduling tasks. Linear
programming can help make
sure that all the requirements
are met. Answers should
• Let x the number of
buoy replacements and let
y the number of buoy
repairs. Then, x 0, y 0,
x
8 and x 2.5y
24.
The captain would want to
maximize the number of
buoys that a crew could
repair and replace, so
f (x, y) x y.
• Graph the inequalities and
find the vertices of the
intersection of the graphs.
The coordinate (0, 24)
maximizes the function. So
the crew can service the
maximum number of
buoys if they replace 0
and repair 24 buoys.

45. C 46. y
2y x 4
O x
yx4
47. 48. (5, 8)

y
3x 2y 6
O x
y 3x 1
2
49. (2, 3) 50. (5, 1)

51. c average cost each year; 52. about $267 per year
15c 3479 7489
53. Additive Inverse 54. Associative Property ()
55. Multiplicative Inverse 56. Distributive Property
57. 9 58. 5
59. 16 60. 3
61. 8 62. 4
Chapter 3
Practice Quiz 2
Page 135
1. y
yx0
2. y
yx3
O x
y 3x 4
yx4
O x

3. y
4x y 16
4. y
(1, 6)
(0, 4)
x 3y 15
x (0, 0) (3, 0)
O
O x
vertices: (0, 0), (0, 4), (1, 6),

(3, 0); max: f (1, 6) 8,
min: f (0, 0) 0
5. y
(5, 6)
(1, 3)
(5, 1)
O x
(1, 3)
vertices: (1, 3), (1, 3),

(5, 6), (5, 1); max: f (5, 1)
17, min: f (1, 3) 13
Lesson 3-5
Solving Systems of Equations in Three Variables
Pages 142–144
1. You can use elimination or 2. No; the first two equations do

substitution to eliminate one represent the same plane,
of the variables. Then you however they do not intersect
can solve two equations in the third plane, so there is
two variables. no solution of this system.
3. Sample answer: x y 4. (6, 3, 4)
z 4, 2x y z 9,
x 2y z 5; 3 5
2 4, 2(3) 5 2 9,
3 2(5) 2 5

5. (1, 3, 7) 6. infinitely many

7. (5, 2, 1) 8. no solution
9. (4, 0, 8) 10. 6c 3s r 42,
1
c s r 13 , r 2s
2
1
11. 4 lb chicken, 3 lb sausage, 12. (3, 4, 7)
2
6 lb rice
13. (2, 1, 5) 14. (2, 3, 6)
15. (4, 0, 1) 16. no solution
17. (1, 5, 7) 18. (1, 2, 1)
20. a , , b
1 3 9
19. infinitely many 2 2 2
21. a , , b
1 1 1
22. (8, 3, 6)
3 2 4
23. (5, 9, 4) 24. 3, 12, 5
25. 8, 1, 3 26. 1-$100, 3-$50, and
6-$20 checks
27. enchilada, $2.50; taco, $1.95; 28. $7.80
burrito, $2.65
29. x y z 355, x 2y 30. 88 3-point goals, 115 2-point
3z 646, y z 27 goals, 152 1-point free throws
4 1
31. a , b , c 3; 32. You can write a system of
3 3
three equations in three
4 2 1
y x x 3 variables to find the number of
3 3
each type of medal. Answers
• You can substitute b 6
for g and b 8 for s in the
equation g s b 97.
This equation is now in
terms of b. Once you find
b, you can substitute again
to find g and s. The U.S.
Olympians won 39 gold
medals, 25 silver medals,
and 33 bronze medals.

• Another situation involving

three variables is winning
times of the first, second,
and third place finishers of
a race.
33. D 34. A
35. 120 units of notebook paper 36. y
and 80 units of newsprint
yx 2
O x
y 7 2x
37. y 38. y
3x y 3 3x y 1
O x
O x 2y x 4
4y 2x 4
39. Sample answer using (7, 15) 40. Sample answer: about 47¢
and (14, 22): y x 8
41. x 3y 42. 2z 8
43. 9s 4t 44. 18a 16b

PQ245-6457F-P04[081-109].qxd 7/31/02 9:41 AM Page 81 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-04:
Chapter 4 Matrices
Lesson 4-1 Introduction to Matrices
Pages 156–158
1. The matrices must have the 2. Sample answers:

same dimensions and each row matrix, [1 2 3], 1 3;
element of one matrix must 1
be equal to the corresponding column matrix, B R, 2 1;
2
element of the other matrix. 1 2
square matrix, B R, 2 2;
3 4
0 0
zero matrix, B R, 22
0 0
3. Corresponding elements are 4. 1 5
elements in the same row
and column positions.
5. 3 4 6. (5, 6)
7. (3, 3) 8. Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue
High 88 88 90 86 85
B R
Low 54 54 56 53 52
9. 2 5 10. 2 3
11. 3 1 12. 4 3
13. 3 3 14. 2 5
15. 3 2 16. (2.5, 1, 3)
17. a3, b
1
18. (5, 3)
3
19. (3, 5, 6) 20. (2, 5)
21. (4, 3) 22. (1.5, 3)
23. (14, 15) 24. (2, 7)
25. (5, 3, 2) 26. Evening Matinee Twilight
Adult 7.50 5.50 3.75
Child C 4.50 4.50 3.75 S
Senior 5.50 5.50 3.75

27. 3 3 28. Cost Service Atmosphere Location

Catalina Grill
** * * *
≥ *** ** ¥
Oyster Club
** *
Casa di Pasta
**** *** *** ***
Mason’s
Steakhouse
** **** **** ***
29. Sample answer: Mason’s 30. Weekday Weekend

Steakhouse; it was given the Single 60 79
highest rating possible for Double C 70 89 S
service and atmosphere,
location was given one of the Suite 75 95
highest ratings, and it is
moderately priced.
31. Single Double Suite 32. 1 3 6 10 15 21
Weekday 60 70 75 2 5 9 14 20 27
B R
Weekend 79 89 95 4 8 13 19 26 34
G 7 12 18 25 33 42W
11 17 24 32 41 51
16 23 31 40 50 61
22 30 39 49 60 72
33. row 6, column 9 34. Matrices are used to
organize information so it
can be read and compared
more easily. Answers should
• If you want the least
expensive vehicle, the
compact SUV has the best
price; the large SUV has
the most horsepower,
towing capacity and cargo
space, and the standard
SUV has the best fuel
economy.
• Sample answer: Matrices
are used to report stock
prices in the newspaper.
35. B 36. C
37. (7, 5, 4) 38. (7, 3, 9)

39. a3, 5, 11b

4 3
40. y
yx 2 y 2x 15
y3
x
O
vertices: (1, 3), (6, 3), a , b;

13 19
3 3
max: f a , b
13 19 83
,
3 3 3
min: f (1, 3)11
41. 42. 3
12
vertices: (3, 1), a , b,

15 5
2 2 vertices: (2, 1), (6, 3);
min: f(2, 1) 1,
a , b;
3 17
2 2 no maximum
.
max: f a , b 35,
15 5
2 2
min: f a , b 1
3 17
2 2
43. 44. step function
6
5
Cost ($)
4
3
2
1
0 1 2 3 4 5
Hours

45. $4.50 46. 2

47. 2 48. 0
49. 20 50. 3
51. 10 52. 6.2
53. 18 54. 17
55. 3 56. 75
3
57.
2
Lesson 4-2 Operations with Matrices

Pages 163–166
1. They must have the same 2. Sample answer: [3 1],

dimensions. [3 1]
4 4
3. C 4 4 S 4. impossible
4 4
1 10 18 3 15 6
5. B R 6. B R
7 5 21 9 6 24
22 8 10 6
7. B R 8. B R
3 24 1 7
21 29 3 30
9. B R 10. B R
12 22 26 11
16,763 549,499 1,006,372
14,620 477,960 883,123
11. Males E14,486 455,305U, 12. E 795,785U
9041 321,416 579,002
5234 83,411 216,646
16,439 456,873
14,545 405,163
Females E12,679 340,480U
7931 257,586
5450 133,235

10
13. No; many schools offer the 14. C 4 S
same sport for males and 5
females, so those schools
would be counted twice.
15 0 4
15. impossible 16. B R
0 13 5
4 8 2
17. C 6 10 16 S 18. [15 29 65 2]
14 12 4
13 1.8 9.08
19. C 3 S 20. C 3.18 31.04 S
23 10.41 56.56
4 15
1.5 3
21. B R 22. C 3 S
4.5 9 2
2
1
52 3 9 13 10
23. C S 24. C 4 7S
2 2 1
10 1 2 7 5
3 3 2
2 1 0 16
25. C 4 1 S 26. C 8 20 S
7 4 28 4
38 4 12 13
27. C 32 6 S 28. C 3 8 S
18 42 13 37
2
2 4 120 97 64 75
3
29. D 1 5T 30. Friday: C 80 59 36 60 S,
6 1 72 84 29 48
112 87 56 74
Saturday: C 84 65 39 70 S
88 98 43 60

232 184 120 149 8 10 8 1

31. C 164 124 75 130 S 32. C 4 6 3 10 S
160 182 72 108 16 14 14 12
245 15
228 41
33. E319U 34. E35U
227 27
117 51
35. 1996, floods; 1997, floods; 36. Residents:
1998, floods; 1999, Child Adult
tornadoes; 2000, lightning Before 6 3.00 4.50
B R
After 6 2.00 3.50
Nonresidents:
Child Adult
Before 6 4.50 6.75
B R
After 6 3.00 5.25
1.50 2.25
37. B R 38. Before 6:00:
1.00 1.75 Child Adult
Residents 3.00 4.50
B R
Nonresidents 4.50 6.75
After 6:00:
Child Adult
Residents 2.00 3.50
B R
Nonresidents 3.00 5.25
1.00 1.00
39. B R 40.
1.50 1.50
0.5 0.75 3 1 1.5 6
2B R B R
1 4 0.1 2 8 0.2
41. You can use matrices to track 42. D
dietary requirements and add
them to find the total each
day or each week. Answers
566 18 7
• Breakfast C 482 12 17 S ,
530 10 11

785 22 19
Lunch C 622 23 20 S,
710 26 12
1257 40 26
Dinner C 987 32 45 S
1380 29 38
• Add the three matrices:
2608 80 52
£ 2091 67 82 § .
2620 65 61
43. A 44. 2 2
45. 1 4 46. 2 4
47. 3 3 48. 3 2
49. 4 3 50. (3, 4, 0)
52. a , 6, b
1 1
51. (5, 3, 7)
4 6
53. (2, 5) 54. (3, 1)

55. (6, 1) 56. 0.30p 0.15s 6
57. 58. No, it would cost $6.30.
59. Multiplicative Inverse 60. Associative Prop. ()

61. Distributive Property 62. Commutative Prop. ()

Lesson 4-3 Multiplying Matrices

Pages 171–174
1. Sample answer: 2. Never; the inner dimensions

1 2 will never be equal.
7 8
C3 4S B R
9 10
5 6
3. The Right Distributive 4. 3 2
Property says that
1A B2C AC BC, but
AC BC CA CB since
the Commutative Property
does not hold for matrix
multiplication in most cases.
5. undefined 6. [19 15]
15 5 20
7. B R 8. not possible
24 8 32
24
9. B R 10. yes
41 A(BC)
2 1 4 1 3 2
B R ¢B RB R≤
3 5 8 0 1 2
2 1 13 6
B RB R
3 5 24 16
50 28
B R
81 62
(AB)C
2 1 4 1 3 2
¢B R B R≤ B R
3 5 8 0 1 2
16 2 3 2
B RB R
28 3 1 2
50 28
B R
81 62

350 280
11. [45 55 65], C 320 165 S 12. $74,525
180 120
13. 4 2 14. 2 2
15. undefined 16. 1 5
8 11
19. [6] 20. B R
22 12
39
21. not possible 22. B R
18
1 25 2
23. B R 24. not possible
29 1 30
24 16 0 64 40
25. C 32 5 S 26. C 9 11 11 S
48 11 3 39 23
27. yes 28. yes
AC BC c (AB)
1 2 5 1 1 2 5 2
B R B R 3¢B RB R≤
4 3 2 4 4 3 4 3
5 2 5 1 13 4
B R B R 3B R
4 3 2 4 8 17
1 9 21 13 39 12
B RB R B R
26 8 26 8 24 51
20 4 A(cB)
B R
52 16 1 2 5 2
B R ¢3 B R≤
(A B)C 4 3 4 3
¢B
1 2
R B
5 2
R≤ B
5 1
R 1 2 15 6
4 3 4 3 2 4 B RB R
4 3 12 9
4 0 5 1
B RB R 39 12
8 6 2 4 B R
24 51
20 4
B R
52 16

29. no 30. no
C (A B) ABC
5 1 1 2 5 2 1 2 5 2 5 1
B R ¢B RB R≤ B RB RB R
2 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 2 4
5 1 4 0 13 4 5 1
B RB R B RB R
2 4 8 6 8 17 2 4
12 6 73 3
B R B R
40 24 6 76
AC BC CBA
5 1 5 2 1 2
1 2 5 1 B RB RB R
B RB R 2 4 4 3 4 3
4 3 2 4
21 13 1 2
5 2 5 1 B RB R
B RB R 26 8 4 3
4 3 2 4
31 81
1 9 21 13 B R
B RB R 58 28
26 8 26 8
20 4
B R
52 16
290 165 210 22
31. C 175 240 190 S 32. C 25 S
110 75 0 18
14,285
33. C 13,270 S 34. $31,850
4295
72 49
a b 68 63 1.00
35. any two matrices B R and 36. D T, B R
c d 90 56 0.50
e f 86 62
B R where bg cf, a d,
g h
and e h
96.50
99.50
37. D T 38. Juniors
118
117
39. $431 40. $24,900
41. $26,360 42. $1460

43. a 1, b 0, c 0, d 1; 44. Sports statistics are often

the original matrix listed in columns and
matrices. In this case, you
can find the total number of
points scored by multiplying
the point matrix, which
doesn’t change, by the
record matrix, which changes
for each season. Answers
• P R [479]
• Basketball and wrestling
use different point values
in scoring.
45. B 46. A
12 6
47. B R 48. impossible
3 21
20 2
49. B R 50. (7, 4)
28 12
51. (5, 9) 52. (2, 5, 7)
3
53. $2.50; $1.50 54. ; 3
2
55. 8; 16 56. 2; 5

57. 58.
59. 60.
Chapter 4
Practice Quiz 1
Page 174
1. (6, 3) 2. (5, 1)

120 80 64 75
3. (1, 3, 5) 4. B R,
65 105 77 53
112 79 56 74
B R
69 95 82 50
232 159 120 149 3 5
5. B R 6. B R
134 200 159 103 3 13
4 3 10 20 25
7. B R 8. B R
1 3 0 20 35
15 8 10
9. not possible 10. B R
7 23 16

Lesson 4-4 Transformations with Matrices

Pages 178–181
3 3 3
1. 2. B R
Transformation Shape Size Isometry
2 2 2
p p p
reflection same same yes
rotation same same yes
translation same same yes
dilation changes same no
3 3 3
3. Sample answer: 4. B R
1 1 1
4 4 4
B R
1 1 1
5. A¿(4, 3), B¿(5, 6), 6.
C¿(3, 7)
0 5 5 0
7. B R 8. A¿(0, 12), B¿(15, 12),
4 4 0 0 C¿(15, 0), D¿(0, 0)
9. A¿(0, 4), B¿(5, 4), 10. A¿(0, 4), B¿(5, 4),
C¿(5, 0), D¿(0, 0) C¿(5, 0), D¿(0, 0)
4 4 4
11. B 12. B R
2 2 2
13. D¿(3, 6), E¿(2, 3), 14.
F¿(10, 4)
0 1.5 2.5
15. B R 16. A¿(0, 6), B¿(4.5, 4.5),
2 1.5 0 C¿(7.5, 0)

1 2 7
17. 18. B R
1 4 1
19. X¿(1, 1), Y¿(4, 2), 20.

Z¿(1, 7)
2 5 4 1
21. B R 22. D¿(4, 2), E¿(4, 5),
4 4 1 1 F¿(1, 4), G¿(1, 1)
23. y D E 24. E¿(6, 2), F¿(8, 9)
G F
O G' x
D'
F' E'
2 4 2 3
25. J(5, 3), K(7, 2), L(4, 1) 26. B R (1)
3 3 5 2
2 4 2 3
B R
3 3 5 2

27. 28. 180 rotation
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
29. B R 30. B R
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
4 4 4 4
31. B R 32. The figures in Exercise 29
4 4 4 4 and Exercise 30 have the
same coordinates, but the
figure in Exercise 31 has
different coordinates.
33. (1.5, 1.5), (4.5, 1.5), 34. (3.75, 2.625)
(6, 3.75), (3, 3.75)
3
35. B R 36. (6.5, 6.25)
4
37. (8, 7), (7, 8), and 38. The object is reflected over
(8, 7) the x-axis, then translated
6 units to the right.
39. Multiply the coordinates 40. No; since the translation
1 0 does not change the
by B R, then add the
0 1 y-coordinate, it does not
6 matter whether you do the
result to B R. translation or the reflection
0
over the x-axis first. However,
if the translation did change
the y-coordinate, then order
would be important.
41. (17, 2), (23, 2) 42. There is no single matrix to
achieve this. However, you
could reflect the object over
the y-axis and then translate
it 2(3) or 6 units to the right.

43. Transformations are used in 44. B

computer graphics to create
special effects. You can
simulate the movement of an
object, like in space, which
you wouldn’t be able to
recreate otherwise. Answers
• A figure with points (a, b),
(c, d), (e, f ), (g, h), and (i, j)
could be written in a 2 5
a c e g i
matrix B R and
b d f h j
multiplied on the left by the
2 2 rotation matrix.
• The object would get
smaller and appear to be
moving away from you.
45. A 46. 2 2
11 24 7 20 10 24
49. C 18 13 8S 50. C 31 46 9 S
33 8 21 10 3 7
51. 52.
D {all real numbers},

R {all real numbers}; yes
D 53, 4, 56, R 54, 5, 66;
yes

53. 54. 0 x 0
4
D 5x 0 x
06,
R 5all real numbers6; no
55. 0 x 0 2.8 56. 0 x 1 0 2
57. 0 x 1 0 1
2
58. 513 mi
3
59. 6 60. 5
10
61. 28 62.
3
9 5
63. 64.
4 3
Lesson 4-5 Determinants

Pages 185–188
2 1
1. Sample answer: B R 2. Khalid; the value of the
8 4 determinant is the difference of
the products of the diagonals.
3. It is not a square matrix. 4. Sample answer:
3 1 4 3
B R, B R
6 5 1 3
2 3 5
5. Cross out the column and 6. † 0 1 4 †
row that contains 6. The 9 7 2
minor is the remaining 2 2 1 4 0 1
2 ` ` 3` ` 5` `
0 4
matrix. 7 2 9 2 9 7
2(2 28)
3(0 36) 5(0 (9))
2(30) 3(36) 5(9)
60 108 45
213
2 3 5 2 3
† 0 1 4 † 0 1
9 7 2 9 7
4 108 0
45 56 0
2 3 5 2 3
† 0 1 4 † 0 1
9 7 2 9 7
4 108 0 (45)
(56) 0 213
7. 38 8. 0
9. 40 10. 28
11. 43 12. 0
13. 45 14. 26 units2
15. 20 16. 22
17. 22 18. 0
19. 29 20. 14
21. 63 22. 6
23. 32 24. 37
25. 32 26. 11.3
27. 58 28. 0
29. 62 30. 60
31. 172 32. 265
33. 22 34. 21
35. 5 36. 49
37. 141 38. 123
5
39. 6 40. , 1
3
41. 14.5 units2 42. 12

43. about 26 ft2 44. 2875 mi2

1 1 1
45. Sample answer: † 1 1 1 † 46. Multiply each member in the
1 1 1 top row by its minor and
position sign. In this case the
minor is a 3 3 matrix.
Evaluate the 3 3 matrix
using expansion by minors
again.
47. If you know the coordinates 48. C
of the vertices of a triangle,
you can use a determinant to
find the area. This is
convenient since you don’t
need to know any additional
information such as the
measure of the angles.
following.
• You could place a
coordinate grid over a map
of the Bermuda Triangle
with one vertex at the
origin. By using the scale
of the map, you could
determine coordinates to
represent the other two
vertices and use a
determinant to estimate
the area.
• The determinant method is
advantageous since you
don’t need to physically
measure the lengths of
each side or the measure
of the angles between the
vertices.
49. C 50. 63.25
51. 36.9 52. 25.21
53. 493 54. 0
2 1 2
55. 3252 56. B R
1 2 3

57. A¿(5, 2.5), B¿(2.5, 5), 58.

C¿(5, 7.5)
2 26
59. [4] 60. B R
9 12
61. undefined 62. undefined
7 69
63. [14 8] 64. B R
5 16
65. 138,435 ft 66. y x 2
4
67. y x 68. y 2x 1
3
1
69. y x 5 70. (0, 3)
2
71. (1, 9) 72. (2, 1)
73. (1, 1) 74. (2, 5)
75. (4, 7)
Lesson 4-6 Cramer’s Rule

Pages 192–194
1. The determinant of the 2. Sample answer: 2x y 5
coefficient matrix cannot be and 6x 3y 8
zero.
3. 3x 5y 6, 4x 2y 30 4. (5, 1)
5. (0.75, 0.5) 6. (6, 8)
8. a5, , b
2 1
7. no solution
3 2
9. a6, , 2b
1
10. s d 4000,
2
0.065s 0.08d 297.50

11. savings account, $1500; 12. (2, 1)

certificate of deposit, $2500
13. (12, 4) 14. (3, 5)
15. (6, 3) 16. (2.3, 1.4)
17. (0.75, 3) 18. (0.75, 0.625)
20. a , 1b
2
19. (8.5625, 19.0625)
3
21. (4, 8) 22. (3, 10)
23. a , b
2 5
3 6
24. (1.5, 2)
25. (3, 4) 26. (1, 3, 4)
28. a , b
11 39 14
27. (2, 1, 3) ,
19 19 19
29. a b
141 102 244
, , 30. (11, 17, 14)
29 29 29
31. a b
155 143 673
, ,
28 70 140
32. r s 8, 7r 5s 50
33. race car, 5 plays; snowboard, 34. 8s 13c 604.79,

3 plays 1
5 s 14c 542.30
2
35. silk, $34.99; cotton, $24.99 36. p r c 5, 2r p 0,
3.2p 2.4r 4c 16.8
37. peanuts, 2 lb; raisins, 1 lb; 38. If the determinant is zero,
pretzels, 2 lb there is no unique solution to
the system. There is either
no solution or there are
infinitely many solutions.
Sample answer: 2x y 4
and 4x 2y 8 has a det
0; there are infinitely many
solutions of this system.
2x y 4 and
4x 2y 10 has a det 0;
there are no solutions of this
system.

39. Cramer’s Rule is a formula 40. B

for the variables x and y
where (x, y) is a solution for
a system of equations.
following.
• Cramer’s Rule uses
determinants composed of
the coefficients and
constants in a system of
linear equations to solve
the system.
• Cramer’s Rule is
convenient when
coefficients are large or
involve fractions or
decimals. Finding the
value of the determinant is
sometimes easier than
trying to find a greatest
common factor if you are
solving by using
elimination or substituting
complicated numbers.
41. 111, 69 42. 16
43. 40 44. 53
1 1 1
45. B R 46. A¿(1, 5), B¿(2, 2),
3 3 3 C¿(1, 1)
47. 48. y
y 3x 5
O x
(2, 1)
y 2x 5
(2, 1)

49. y 50. y
xy 7 2x 4y 12
O x
(4, 3)
x 2y 10
x
1
O
2
x y 1
(4, 3) no solution
51. c 10h 35 52. [4 32]
72 9 21
53. B R 54. B R
66 23 43
Chapter 4
Practice Quiz 2
Page 194
1 4 1 2
1. B R 2. A¿(1, 2), B¿(4, 1),
2 1 4 1 C¿(1, 4), D¿(2, 1)
3. 4. 22
5. 58 6. 105
7. 26 8. (1, 2)
9. (4, 5) 10. (1, 2, 1)

Lesson 4-7 Identity and Inverse Matrices

Pages 198–201
1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
1. D T 2. Exchange the values for a
0 0 1 0 and d in the first diagonal in
0 0 0 1 the matrix. Multiply the
values for b and c by 1 in
the second diagonal in the
matrix. Find the determinant
of the original matrix. Multiply
the negative reciprocal of the
determinant by the matrix
with the above mentioned
changes.
3 3
3. Sample answer: B R 4. no
3 3
2 5
5. yes 6. B R
3 8
1 4 1
7. no inverse exists 8. B R
27 7 5
9. See students’ work. 10. yes
11. yes 12. no
13. no 14. yes
15. yes 16. true
17. true 18. true
1 1 0
19. false 20. B R
5 0 5
21. no inverse exists 1 1 2

22. B R
3 2 1
1 1 1
23. B R 24. no inverse exists
7 4 3
1 6 7 1 7 3
25. B R 26. B R
4 2 3 34 2 4

1 6 0
12 5 2
1 3
1 1 5 4 4
29. B R 30. 4 C S
32 6 2 1 1

6 2
3 5

4 8
31. 10 C S 32a. no
1 3
32b. Sample answer:
5 10
y
C
A
B
O A' x
B'' A'' B'
C'' C'
0 2 2 4
33a. yes 34. B R
33b. Sample answer: 0 2 6 4
0 4 4 8
35. B R 36. dilation by a scale factor of 2
0 4 12 8
1
0
1 1 2
37. dilation by a scale factor of 38. B D T; the graph of the
2 1
0
2
inverse transformation is the
original figure.

39. MEET_IN_THE_LIBRARY 40. AT_SIX_THIRTY

41. BRING_YOUR_BOOK 42. See students’ work.
43. a 1, d 1, b c 0 44. A matrix can be used to
code a message. The key to
the message is the inverse
of the matrix. Answers
• The inverse matrix undoes
the work of the matrix. So
if you multiply a numeric
message by a matrix it
changes the message.
When you multiply the
changed message by the
inverse matrix, the result is
the original numeric
message.
• You must consider the
dimensions of the coding
matrix so that you can
write the numeric
message in a matrix with
dimensions that can be
multiplied by the coding
matrix.
45. A 46. D
5 9
6 11
3 1 3 2

5 5 5 5
49. C S 50. C S
1 2 1 1
3 2
5 5 2 2
1 5 1 1
1 1
3 16 8 16
1 2 1 1
51. F 0V 52. F 0 V
3 3 4 4
7 8 1 5 3 1

3 3 3 32 16 32
53. (2, 4) 54. (0, 7)

55. (5, 4, 1) 56. 52

57. 14 58. 0
59. 1 60. 3
1
61. 5 62.
3
5 3
63. 64.
2 8
65. 7.82 tons/in2 66. 27

1 1
67. 5 68.
2 2
69. 3 70. 296

71. 300 72. 1
73. 2 74. 6
75. 4 76. 27
77. 34
Lesson 4-8 Using Matrices to Solve Systems of Equations

Pages 205–207
1. 2r 3s 4, r 4s 2 2. Sample answer: x 3y 8
and 2x 6y 16
1 1 x 3
3. Tommy; a 2 1 matrix 4. B RB RB R
cannot be multiplied by a 1 3 y 5
2 2 matrix.
3 5 2 a
2 3 g 8
5. B RB RB R 6. C 4 7 1S CbS
4 7 h 5
2 0 1 c
9
C 3S
12
7. (5, 2) 8. (1.5, 4)
9. (3, 5) 10. (1, 1.75)

3 1 x 0
11. h 1, c 12 12. B RB RB R
1 2 y 21
4 7 x 2 5 6 a 47
13. B RB RB R 14. B RB RB R
3 5 y 9 3 2 b 17
2 3 5 a
3 7 m 43
15. B RB RB R 16. C 7 0 3S CbS
6 5 n 10
3 6 1 c
1
C 7S
5
3 5 2 x 1 1 0 x
17. C 1 7 3 S C y S 18. C 2 5 6 S C y S
4 0 3 z 9 10 1 z
9 8
C 11 S C 27 S
1 54
3 5 6 r
19. C 11 12 16 S C s S 20. (5, 2)
5 8 3 t
21
C 15 S
7
21. (3, 4) 22. (2, 3)
24. a , 3b
1
23. (6, 1)
2
25. a , 4b
1
26. (2, 3)
3
27. (2, 2) 28. (7, 3)
30. a1, b
9
29. (0, 9)
2
31. a , b
3 1
32. 27 h of flight instruction and
2 3
23 h in the simulator
33. 2010 34. 80 mL of the 60% solution, and
120 mL of the 40% solution

35. The solution set is the empty 36. The food and territory that two
set or infinite solutions. species of birds require form
a system of equations. Any
independent system of
equations can be solved using
a matrix equation. Answers
• Let a represent the
number of nesting pairs of
Species A and let b
represent the number of
nesting pairs of Species B.
Then, 140a 120b
20,000 and 500a 400b
69,000.
a
• B R
b
1 400 120 20,000
B RB R;
4000 500 140 69,000
a 70 and b 85, so the
area can support 70 pairs
of Species A and 85 pairs
of Species B.
37. D 38. 17 small, 24 medium, 11 large
39. (6, 2, 5) 40. (1, 3, 2)
3
1
4
41. (0, 1, 3) 42. C S
1
1
2
4 5
7 9
45. (4, 2) 46. (4.27, 5.11)
47. (6, 8) 48. about 114.3 ft
49. {4, 10} 50. {5, 1}
51. {2, 7}

PQ245-6457F-P05[110-134] 7/24/02 1:30 PM Page 110 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-05:
Chapter 5 Polynomials
Lesson 5-1 Monomials
Pages 226–228
1. Sample answer: 2. Sometimes; in general,
(2x 2)3 8x 6 since x y x z x yz, so
(2x 2)3 2x 2 2x 2 2x 2 x y x z x yz when
2x x 2x x 2x x 8x 6 y z yz, such as when
y 2 and z 2.
3. Alejandra; when Kyle used the 4. x 10
Power of a Product Property
in his first step, he forgot
to put an exponent of 2 on a.
Also, in his second step,
1
(2)2 should be , not 4.
4
5. 16b 4 6. 1
ab 4
7. 6y 2 8.
9
1
9. 9p 2q 3 10. 12 6
w z
9 1
11. 2 2 12.
c d 4x 6
13. 4.21 105 14. 8.62 104
15. 3.762 103 16. 5 100
17. about 1.28 s 18. a 8
19. b 4 20. n16
21. z10 22. 16x 4
23. 8c 3 24. an
28x 4
25. y 3z 2 26.
y2
27. 21b5c 3 28. ab
29. 24r 7s 5 30. 24x 4y 4
1
31. 90a4b4 32.
4y 4

a 2c 2 cd 4
33. 34.
3b 4 5
m 4n 9 a4
35. 36.
3 16b 4
8y 3 1
37. 38. 2 2
x6 x y
1 a 4b 2
39. 3 6 40.
v w 2
2x 3y 2
41. 42. 6
5z 7
43. 7 44. 4.623 102
45. 4.32 104 46. 1.843 104
47. 6.81 103 48. 5.0202 108
49. 6.754 108 50. 1.245 1010
51. 6.02 105 52. 4.5 102
53. 6.2 1010 54. 4.225 109
55. 1.681 107 56. 6.08 109
57. 2 107 m 58. 1.67 1025
59. about 330,000 times 60. 10010 (102)10 or 1020, and
10100 1020, so 10100 10010.
61. Definition of an exponent 62. (ab)m

6447448
m factors
ab ab p ab
64748
m factors
64748
m factors
aapabbpb
a mb m

63. Economics often involves 64. D

large amounts of money.
following.
• The national debt in 2000
was five trillion, six hundred
seventy-four billion, two
hundred million or 5.6742
1012 dollars. The population
was two hundred eighty-one
million or 2.81 108.
• Divide the national debt by
the population.
5.6742 1012

2.81 108
$2.0193 104 or
about $20,193 per person.
65. B 66. (1, 2)
2 5
67. (3, 3) 68. c d
1 2
1 3
69. C 70. 6
2 2 S
1 2
71. 7 72. (2, 3, 1)
73. (2, 0, 4) 74. Median Age of Vehicles
y
Median Age (yr)
8
7
6
5
4
0
0 10 20 30 x
Years Since 1970
75. Sample answer using (0, 4.9) 76. Sample answer: 9.7 yr
and (28, 8.3): y 0.12x 4.9
77. 7 78. 3
79. 2x 2y 80. 3x 3z

81. 4x 8 82. 6x 10

83. 5x 10y 84. 3y 15
Lesson 5-2 Polynomials

Page 231–232
1. Sample answer: x 5 x 4 x 3 2. 4
3. x x x 4. yes, 1
2 2 2
x x x x
x x x
2
x x x
5. yes, 3 6. no
7. 10a 2b 8. 3x 2 7x 8
9. 6xy 18x 10. 10p 3q 2 6p 5q 3 8p3q 5
11. y 2 3y 70 12. x 2 9x 18
13. 4z 2 1 14. 4m 2 12mn 9n 2
15. 7.5x 2 12.5x ft 2 16. yes, 2
17. yes, 3 18. no
19. no 20. yes, 6
21. yes, 7 22. 4x 2 3x 7
23. 3y 3y 2 24. r 2 r 6
25. 10m 2 5m 15 26. 4x 2 3xy 6y 2
27. 7x 2 8xy 4y 2 28. 4b 2c 4bdz
29. 12a 3 4ab 30. 15a3b3 30a4b3 15a5b6
31. 6x 2y 4 8x 2y 2 4xy 5 32. 6x 3 9x 2y 12x 3y 2
33. 2a4 3a3b 4a4b4 34. 46.75 0.018x
35. 0.001x 2 5x 500 36. $5327.50
37. p 2 2p 24 38. a 2 9a 18
39. b 2 25 40. 36 z 2
41. 6x 2 34x 48 42. 8y 2 16y 42

43. a 6 b 2 44. 2m 4 7m 2 15
45. x 2 6xy 9y 2 46. 1 8c 16c 2
1 1
47. d 2 2 48. xy 3 y
d4 x
49. 27b 3 27b 2c 9bc 2 c 3 50. x 3 y 3
51. 9c 2 12cd 7d 2 52. 18x 2 27x 10
53. R 2 2RW W 2 54. 14; Sample answer:
(x 8 1)(x 6 1)
x 14 x 8 x 6 1
55. The expression for how much 56. D
an amount of money will grow
to is a polynomial in terms of
the interest rate. Answers
• If an amount A grows by r
percent for n years, the
amount will be A(1 r )n
after n years. When this
expression is expanded, a
polynomial results.
• 13,872(1 r )3, 13,872r 3
41,616r 2 41,616r
13,872
• Evaluate one of the
expressions when r 0.04.
For example,
13,872(1 r)3
13,872(1.04)3 or $15,604.11
to the nearest cent. The
value given in the table is
$15,604 rounded to the
nearest dollar.
57. B 58. 64d 6
xz 2
59. 20r 3t 4 60.
y2
b2
61. 62. (1, 4)
4a 2

63. y 64. y
x y 2
O x O x
y 13 x 2
65. y 66. x 2
2x y 1
O x
67. 2y 3 68. xy 2
69. 3a 2
Lesson 5-3 Dividing Polynomials

Pages 236–238
1. Sample answer: 2. The divisor contains an x 2
(x 2 x 5) (x 1) term.
3. Jorge; Shelly is subtracting in 4. 6y 3 2x
the columns instead of adding.
5. 5b 4 7a 6. x 12
7. 3a3 9a2 7a 6 8. z 4 2z 3 4z 2 5z 10
60
9. x 2 xy y 2 10. x 2 11x 34
x2
11. b3 b 1 12. 2y 5
13. 3b 5 14. B
6y 2
15. 3ab 6b 2 16. 5y 3xy 2
x
17. 2c 2 3d 4d 2 18. 4n 2 3mn 5m

2
19. 2y 2 4yz 8y 3z 4 20. a2b a
b
21. b 2 10b 22. x 15
6
23. n 2 2n 3 24. 2c 2 c 5
c2
39
25. x 3 5x 2 11x 22 26. 6w 4 12w 3 24w 2
x2
30w 60
27. x 2 28. x 2 3x 9
29. y 2 y 1 30. m 2 7
3
31. a3 6a 2 7a 7 32. 2m 3 m 2 3m
a1
5
1
m3
33. x 4 3x 3 2x 2 6x 34. 3c 4 c 3 2c 2 4c
56 13
19 9
x3 c2
4
35. g 5 36. 2b 2 b 1
b1
37. t 4 2t 3 4t 2 5t 10 38. y 4 2y 3 4y 2 8y 16
51
39. 3t 2 2t 3 40. h 2 4h 17
2h 3
2
41. 3d 2 2d 3 42. x 2 x 1
3d 2
6 2
43. x 3 x 44. 2x 3 x 2 1
2x 3 3x 1
3x 7
45. x 3 46. x 2 1
x2 2
47. x 2 48. x 3
49. x 2 x 3 50. 2y 2 3y 1

1000
51. $0.03x 4 52. Let x be the number.
x
Multiplying by 3 results in 3x.
The sum of the number, 8,
and the result of the
multiplication is x 8 3x
or 4x 8. Dividing by the
sum of the number and
4x 8
2 gives or 4. The end
x2
result is always 4.
170
53. 170 54. 85 people
t 1
2
55. x 3 x 2 6x 24 ft 56. x 2 s
57. x 2 3x 12 ft /s 58. Sample answer: r 3 9r 2
27r 28 and r 3
59. Division of polynomials can 60. A
be used to solve for unknown
quantities in geometric
formulas that apply to
manufacturing situations.
following.
• 8x in. by 4x s in.
• The area of a rectangle is
equal to the length times
the width. That is, A /w .
• Substitute 32x 2 x for A,
8x for /, and 4x s for w.
Solving for s involves
dividing 32x 2 x by 8x.
A /w
32x x 8x (4x s)
2
32x 2 x
4x s
8x
1
4x 4x s
8
1
s
8
1
The seam is inch.
8
61. D 62. x 2 4x 14

63. y 4z 4 y 3z 3 3y 2z 64. y 2 2y 15
65. a 2 2ab b 2 66. 5 102 s or 8 min 20 s
2 4
67. y x 2 68. y x
3 3
69. 9 70. 12
71. 4 72. 3
73. 6 74. 5
Chapter 5
Practice Quiz 1
Page 238
1. 6.53 108 2. 7.2 103
a3
3. 108x 8y 3 4.
b4c 3
x2
5. 6. 2x 5y
z6
7. 3t 2 2t 8 8. n3 n 2 5n 2
19
9. m 2 3 10. d 2 d 3
m4
Lesson 5-4 Factoring Polynomials

Pages 242–244
1. Sample answer: x 2 2x 1 2. Sample answer: If a 1 and

b 1, then a 2 b 2 2 but
1a b2 2 4.
3. sometimes 4. 6x(2x 1)
5. a(a 5 b) 6. (x 7)(3 y)
7. (y 2)(y 4) 8. (z 6)(z 2)
9. 3(b 4)(b 4) 10. (4w 13)(4w 13)
x4
11. (h 20)(h 2 20h 400) 12.
x7

2y
13. 14. x y cm
y4
15. 2x(y 3 5) 16. 6ab 2(a 3b)
17. 2cd 2(6d 4c 5c 4d ) 18. prime
19. (2z 3)(4y 3) 20. (3a 1)(x 5)
21. (x 1)(x 6) 22. (y 1)(y 4)
23. (2a 1)(a 1) 24. (2b 1)(b 7)
25. (2c 3)(3c 2) 26. (3m 2)(4m 3)
27. 3(n 8)(n 1) 28. 3(z 3)(z 5)
29. (x 6)2 30. (x 3)2
31. prime 32. 3(m n)(m n)
33. (y 2 z)(y 2 z) 34. 3(x 3y)(x 3y)
35. (z 5)(z 2 5z 25) 36. (t 2)(t 2 2t 4)
37. (p 2 1)(p 1)(p 1) 38. (x 2 9)(x 3)(x 3)
39. (7a 2b)(c d )(c d ) 40. (8x 3)(x y z)
41. (a b)(5ax 4by 3cz) 42. (a 3b)(3a 5)(a 1)
43. (3x 2)(x 1) 44. (2y 1)(y 4)
x1
45. 30 ft by 40 ft 46.
x4
x5 x5
47. 48.
x6 x2
x4
49. 50. x
x 2x 4
2
51. x 2 52. x 1 s
53. 16x 16 ft /s 54. x 8 cm

55. (8pn 1)2 56. Factoring can be used to find

possible dimensions of a
geometric figure, given the
area. Answers should include
the following.
• Since the area of the
rectangle is the product of
its length and its width, the
length and width are factors
of the area. One set of
possible dimensions is
4x 2 by x 3.
• The complete factorization
of the area is 2(2x 1)
(x 3), so the factor of
2 could be placed with
either 2x 1 or x 3
when assigning the
dimensions.
57. B 58. C
59. yes 60. no; (x 2)(x 2 2x 4)
61. no; (2x 1)(x 3) 62. yes
63. t 2 2t 1 64. y 3
1
65. x 2 2 66. x 3 x 2 2x 2
3x 2
67. 4x 2 3xy 3y 2 68. 14x 2 26x 4
36 7
69. [2] 70. c d
18 4
71. 15 in. by 28 in. 72. yes
73. no 74. Distributive Property
75. Associative Property () 76. rational
77. irrational 78. rational
79. rational 80. irrational
81. rational

Lesson 5-5 Roots of Real Numbers

Pages 247–249
1. Sample answer: 64 2. If all of the powers in the
result of an even root have
even exponents, the result is
nonnegative without taking
absolute value.
3. Sometimes; it is true when 4. 8.775
x 0.
5. 2.668 6. 2.632
7. 4 8. 2
9. 3 10. not a real number
11. x 12. 0 y 0
13. 6 0 a 0 b 2 14. 0 4x 3y 0
15. about 3.01 mi 16. 11.358
17. 12.124 18. 0.933
19. 2.066 20. 3.893
21. 7.830 22. 4.953
23. 3.890 24. 4.004
25. 4.647 26. 26.889
27. 59.161 28. 15
29. 13 30. not a real number
31. 18 32. 3
1
33. 2 34.
4
1
35. 36. 0.5
5
37. 0.4 38. z 2
39. 0 x 0 40. 7 0 m3 0
41. 8a 4 42. 3r
43. c 2 44. 25g 2
45. 4z 2 46. 5x 2 0 y 3 0

47. 6x 2z 2 48. 13x 4y 2

49. 3p 6 0 q 3 0 50. 2ab
51. 3c 3d 4 52. 0 4x y 0
53. p q 54. 0 x 2 0
55. 0 z 4 0 56. 0 2a 1 0
57. not a real number 58. 2
59. 5 60. about 127.28 ft
61. about 1.35 m 62. about 11,200 m
s
63. x 0 and y 0, or y 0 64. The speed and length of a
and x 0 wave are related by an
expression containing a
square root. Answers should
• about 1.90 knots, about
3.00 knots, and 4.24 knots
• As the value of / increases,
the value of s increases.
65. B 66. D
67. 7xy 2(y 2xy 3 4x 2) 68. (a 3)(b 5)
69. (2x 5)(x 5) 70. (c 6)(c 2 6c 36)
8
71. 4x 2 x 5 72. x 3 x 2 x
x2
73. c d
810 2320
74. (2, 2)
1418 2504
75. (1, 3) 76. (9, 4)
77. x 2 11x 24 78. y 2 3y 10
79. a 2 7a 18 80. a 2 3ab 2b 2
81. x 2 9y 2 82. 6w 2 7wz 5z 2

Lesson 5-6 Radical Expressions

Pages 254–256
1 n
1. Sometimes; n 1a only 2. Sample answer:
1a
when a 1. 22 23 22
3. The product of two 4. 1527
conjugates yields a
difference of two squares.
Each square produces a
rational number and the
difference of two rational
numbers is a rational
number.
5. 2x 0 y 0 2x
4 214y
6.
4y
3
7. 24235 8. 225
4
9. 2a 2b 2 23 10. 523 323
3
11. 22 22 12. 3 323 25 215
13. 2 25 14. about 49 mph
15. 923 16. 622
3 4
17. 322 18. 226
3
19. 5x 2 22 20. 2y22
21. 3 0 x 0 y 22y 22. 2ab 2 210a
3 3
23. 6y 2z 27 24. 4mn23mn 2
c 0d 02
1 4 1 5
25. c 26. wz 2 wz 2
3 2
3 4
26 2 54
27. 28.
2 3
a 2 2b 2r 4 2t
29. 30.
b2 t5
31. 36 27 32. 60230

26 210
33. 34.
2 5
35. 323 36. 522

37. 723 222 38. 425 23 26

39. 25 522 526 223 40. 6 326 227 242

41. 13 2222 42. 8 2215
28 7 23 5 26 3 22
43. 44.
13 22
1 23 12 7 22
45. 46.
2 23
2x 2 1
47. 48. 2x 1
x1
49. 6 1622 yd, 24 622 yd2 50. The square root of a

difference is not the
difference of the square
roots.
24.9h
51. 0 ft /s 52. d v
4.9
53. about 18.18 m 54. 80 ft /s or about 55 mph
55. x and y are nonnegative. 56. The formula for the time it
takes an object to fall a
certain distance can be
written in various forms
involving radicals. Answers
• By the Quotient Property
22d
of Radicals, t .
2g
2g
Multiply by to
2g
rationalize the denominator.
22dg
The result is h .
g
• about 1.12 s
57. B 58. D
59. 12z 4 60. 6ab 3
61. 0 y 2 0
x7
62.
x4
2 4
64. £ 9 15 §
x1
63.
x4
3 5

65. c d
1 4
66. 16, 15
5 4
67. consistent and independent 68. $4.20
69. 5 70. 2
7
71. 2, 4 72. , 1
3
73. 5x 0 x 66 74. 5x 0 x 76
1 1
75. 76.
4 2
5 13
77. 78.
6 12
13 19
79. 80.
24 30
3 5
81.
8
82.
12
Chapter 5
Practice Quiz 2
Page 256
1. x 2y (3x y 1) 2. prime
3. a(x 3)2 4. 8(r 2s 2)(r 2 2rs 2 4s 4)
5. 6 0 x 0 0 y 3 0 6. 4a 2b 3
7. 0 2n 3 0
x 2 2y
8.
y2
8 3 22
9. 1 17 10.
2

Lesson 5-7 Rational Exponents

Pages 260–262
1. Sample answer: 64 2. In radical form, the expression
would be 216, which is
not a real number because
the index is even and the
radicand is negative.
n
3. In exponential1 form 2bm is 3
4. 27
equal to (b m)n . By the Power
of a 1Power
m
Property,
m
(b ) b . But, b n is also
m n n
1
equal to (b n )mby the Power of
a Power Property. This last
n
expression is equal to ( 2b)m .
n n
Thus, 2bm (2b)m.
3 3 1
5. 2x 2 or (2x)2 6. 264
1 5 7
7. 63x 3y 3 8. 5
1
9. 10. 9
3
11
11. 2 12. a12
2
2 z3
13. x 3
14.
2z
2 1
3 2 m 3 n3
15. a b 2 3
16.
mn
1
z (x 2y)2
17. 18. 23x
x 2y
19. 23 20. $5.11

5 3
21. 26 22. 24
3
5 5
23. 2c 2 or (2c)2 24. x 2 2x 2
1 1
25. 232 26. 623
1 1 2 1
27. 2 z 2 28. 53 x 3 y 3
29. 2 30. 6
1 1
31. 32.
5 27

1 1
33. 34.
9 8
35. 81 36. 4096
2
37. 38. 27
3
4 1
39. 40.
3 2
41. y 4 42. x 3
1 1
43. b 5 44. a9
1 5
w5 x6
45. 46.
w x
1 1
47. t 4 48. r 2
5 15
a12 2c 16
49. 50.
6a c
3 1
y 2 2y 2 x 3x 2 2
51. 52.
y4 x1
53. 25 54. 23
6 6
55. 17 217 56. 5255
4 3
57. 25x 2y 2 58. b29a 2b
3
xy 1z ab 2 c 2
59. 60.
z c
3
61. 12 62. 26
1 2
63. 216 5 64. x x 3z 3
3 1 1
65. 22 32 66. 2 3 3
67. 880 vibrations per second 68. about 262 vibrations per
second

69. about 336 70. Rewrite the equation so that

the bases are the same on
each side.
1
9x 3x 2
1
(32 )x 3x 2
1
32x 3x 2
Since the bases are the
same and this is an equation,
the exponents must be equal.
1
Solve 2x x . The result
2
1
is x .
2
71. The equation that determines 72. C
the size of the region around a
planet where the planet’s gravity
is stronger than the Sun’s can
be written in terms of a
fractional exponent. Answers
• The radical form of the
Mp 2
equation is r D 5 a b or
B Ms
Mp2
r D5 . Multiply the
B Ms2
Ms3
fraction under the radical by .
Ms3
Mp2 Ms3
r D5
B Ms2 Ms3
Mp2 Ms3
D5
B Ms5
5
2 Mp2Ms3
D 5
2 Ms5
5
D2 Mp2Ms3

Ms
The simplified radical form is
5
D2 Mp2 Ms3
r .
Ms
• If Mp and Ms are constant,
then r increases as D
increases because r is a
linear function of D with
positive slope.
73. C 74. 2x 0 y 0 2x
75. 36 22 76. 222
77. 8 78. 4 0 x 5 0
1 2
79. x 80. 1440
2
81. x 2 82. 2x 3
83. x 22x 1 84. 4x 122x 9
Lesson 5-8 Radical Equations and Inequalities

Pages 265–267
1. Since x is not under the 2. The trinomial is a perfect

radical, the equation is a square in terms of 1x .
linear equation, not a radical x 61x 9 (1x 3)2,
equation. The solution is so the equation can be
x
23 1
.
written as (1x 3)2 0.
2 Take the square root of each
side to get 1x 3 0. Use
the Addition Property of
Equality to add 3 to each
side, then square each side
to get x 9.
3. Sample answer: 4. 2
2x 2x 3 3
5. 9 6. no solution
7. 15 8. 18
3
9. 31 10. x 39
2
11. 0 b 4 12. about 13.42 cm
13. 16 14. 49
15. no solution 16. no solution
17. 9 18. 5
27
19. 1 20.
2
21. 20 22. 5
23. no solution 24. 9

25. x 1 26. 2 x 1
27. x 11 28. y 4
29. no solution 30. 4
31. 3 32. no solution
33. 0 x 2 34. 0 a 3
79
35. b 5 36. c
16
37. 3 38. 16
4 2r 3
39. 1152 lb 40. t
B GM
41. 34 ft 42. 21.125 kg
43. Since 1x 2 0 and 44. If a company’s cost and
12x 3 0, the left side of number of units manufactured
the equation is nonnegative. are related by an equation
Therefore, the left side of the involving radicals or rational
equation cannot equal 1. exponents, then the
Thus, the equation has no production level associated
solution. with a given cost can be
found by solving a radical
equation. Answers should
3
• C 102n 2 1500
2
• 10,000 10n 3 1500
C 10,000
2
8500 10n 3 Subtract 1500
from each side.
2
850 n 3 Divide each
side by 10.
3
8502 n Raise each
side to the
3
power.
2
24,781.55 n Use a
calculator.
Round down so that the cost
does not exceed $10,000.
The company can make at
most 24,781 chips.

45. D 46. C
3 1
47. 5 7
48. (x 7)2
50. 6 0 x 3 0 y 22y
2
49. (x 2 1)3
3
2 100
51. 52. 28 10 23
10
53. x y 7, 30x 20y 160; 54. 4 x
(2, 5)
y
30x 20y 160
(2, 5)
x y 7
O x
55. 1 y 56. 2 4x
57. 11 58. 4 6z 2z 2
59. 3 10x 8x 2
Lesson 5-9 Complex Numbers

Pages 273–275
1a. true 2. all of them
1b. true
3. Sample answer: 1 3i and 4. 6i
1 3i
5. 5i 0 xy 0 22 6. 12
7. 18023 8. i
9. 6 3i 10. 42 2i
7 11
11. i 12. 3i
17 17
13. 2i22 14. i25
15. 3, 3 16. 5, 4
17. 10 3j amps 18. 12i

19. 9i 20. 8x 2i
21. 10a 2 0 b 0 i 22. 1322
23. 12 24. 48i
25. 75i 26. i
27. 1 28. 1
29. i 30. 9 2i
31. 6 32. 2
33. 4 5i 34. 25
35. 6 7i 36. 8 4i
2 6
37. 8 4i 38. i
5 5
10 6 39 14
39. i 40. i
17 17 17 17
2 1
41. i 42. 163 16i
5 5
11 5 23
43. 20 15i 44. i
14 14
1 2 22
45. i 46. (j 4)x 2 (3 i )x 2 4i
3 3
47. (5 2i )x 2 (1 i )x 7 i 48. i
49. 4i 50. i 26
51. 2i 23 52. i 23
53. 2i 210 54. 3i 25
25
55. i 56. 4, 5
2
7
57. 4, 3 58. , 3
2
5
59. , 4 60. 3, 1
3
67 19
61. , 62. 5 2j ohms
11 11
63. 13 18j volts 64. 4 2j amps

65. Case 1: i 0 66. Some polynomial equations

Multiply each side by i to get have complex solutions.
i 2 0 i or 1 0. This is a Answers should include the
contradiction. following.
Case 2: i 0 • a and c must have the
Since you are assuming i is same sign.
negative in this case, you • i
must change the inequality
symbol when you multiply
each side by i. The result is
again i 2 0 i or 1 0,
a contradiction. Since both
possible cases result in
contradictions, the order
relation “” cannot be
applied to the complex
numbers.
67. C 68. C
69. 1, i, 1, i, 1, i, 1, i, 1 70. Examine the remainder when
the exponent is divided by 4.
If the remainder is 0, the
result is 1. If the remainder is
1, the result is i. If the
remainder is 2, the result is
1. And if the remainder is
3, the result is i.
71. 12 72. 11
7
73. 4 74. x 15
1
1 a4
75. y 3 76.
a
1 2
77. c d 78. c d
2 1 0
3 2 1 0 1

2 1 2
79. c d 80. y
3 2 1
B'
O x
C'
A'
81. sofa: $1200, love seat: $600, 82. y

coffee table: $250
y 2x 2
O x
yx1
1
83. y 84.
10
xy1
O x
x 2y 4
85. 0

Chapter 6 Quadratic Functions and Inequalities

Lesson 6-1 Graphing Quadratic Functions
Pages 290–293
1. Sample answer: f (x ) 2a. (2, 1); x 2

3x 2 5x 6; 3x 2, 5x, 6 2b. (3, 2); x 3
3a. up; min. 4a. 0; x 0; 0
3b. down; max. 4b. x f(x)
p
3c. down; max.
3d. up; min. 1 4
0 0
1 4
4c. f (x)
O (0, 0)
x
f (x) 4x 2
5a. 0; x 1; 1 6a. 1; x 2; 2

5b. x f(x) 6b. x f(x)
p p
3 3 0 1
2 0 1 2
1 1 2 3
0 0 3 2
1 3 4 1
5c. f(x) 6c. f(x)
(2, 3) f (x) x 2 4x 1
O x
O x
f (x) x 2 2x
(1, 1)

7a. 3; x 4; 4 8a. 1; x 1; 1

7b. x f(x) 8b. x f(x)
p p
6 9 1 7
5 12 0 1
4 13 1 1
3 12 2 1
2 9 3 7
7c. f(x) 8c. f(x)
10 8 4 O x
4
f (x) 2x 2 4x 1
8
2 O (1, 1) x
f (x) x 8x 3 12
(4, 13)
5 5
9a. 0; x ; 10. max.; 7
3 3
9b. x f(x)
3 3
2 8
5 25

3 3
1 7
0 0
9c. f(x)
4
4 2 O 2 x
4
8
f (x) 3x 2 10x
( 5 , 25
3 3 )
12
25
11. min.; 12. min.; 0
4

13. $8.75 14a. 0; x 0; 0

14b. x f(x)
p
2 8
1 2
0 0
1 2
2 8
14c. f (x)
f (x ) 2x 2
(0, 0)
O x
15a. 0; x 0; 0 16a. 4; x 0; 0
15b. x f(x) 16b. x f(x)
p p
2 20 2 8
1 5 1 5
0 0 0 4
1 5 1 5
2 20 2 8
15c. f(x) 16c. f(x)
O
x 12
2 (0, 0)
f (x ) 5x
8
(0, 4) f (x ) x 2 4
4 2 O 2 4x
17a. 9; x 0; 0 18a. 4; x 0; 0

17b. x f(x) 18b. x f(x)
p p
2 5 2 4
1 8 1 2
0 9 0 4
1 8 1 2
2 5 2 4

17c. f(x) 18c. f(x)

4
4 2 O 2 4x
O x
4
(0, 9) f (x ) x 2 9 f (x ) 2x 2 4 (0, 4)
19a. 191; x 0; 0 20a. 4; x 2; 2

19b. x f(x) 20b. x f(x)
p p
2 13 0 4
1 4 1 1
0 1 2 0
1 4 3 1
2 13 4 4
19c. f (x) 20c. f(x)
f (x ) 3x 2 1 (0, 1) f (x ) x 2 4x 4
O x O (2, 0) x
21a. 9; x 4.5; 4.5 22a. 5; x 2; 2

21b. x f(x) 22b. x f(x)
p p
3 9 0 5
4 11 1 8
4.5 11.25 2 9
5 11 3 8
6 9 4 5
21c. f(x) 22c. f(x)
O x
2
O 4 8 12 x
4
8 f (x ) x 2 9x 9
f (x ) x 2 4x 5
12 (4 12 , 1114 ) (2, 9)

23a. 36; x 6; 6 24a. 1; x 1; 1

23b. x f(x) 24b. x f(x)
p p
8 4 3 8
7 1 2 1
6 0 1 4
5 1 0 1
4 4 1 8
23c. f(x) 24c. f(x)
6
f (x ) 3x 2 6x 1
4
2
f (x ) x 12x 36 O x
2
16 12 8 4 O x
(6, 0) (1, 4)
2 2
25a. 3; x 2, 2 26a. 0; x ,
3 3
25b. x f(x) 26b. x f(x)
p
0 3 2 4
1 3 1 1
2 5 2 4

3 3
3 3
0 0
4 3
1 7
25c. f(x) (2, 5) 26c. f(x)

( 23 , 43 )
f (x ) 2x 2 8x 3 O x
O x f (x ) 3x 2 4x
5 5
27a. 0; x ; 28a. 1; x 0; 0
4 4

27b. x f(x) 28b. x f(x)
p
3 3 2 1
2 2 1
1
5 25 2
0 1
4 8
p
1 3 1
1
2
0 0
2 1
27c. f(x) 28c. f(x)
f (x ) 0.5x 2 1
f (x ) 2x 2 5x
O
x
O
x
(0, 1)
( 54 , 258)
9
29a. 0; x 6; 6 30a. ; x 3, 3
2
29b. x f(x) 30b. x f(x)
p p
8 8 5 2
7 8.75 4 0.5
6 9 3 0
5 8.75 2 0.5
4 8 1 2
29c. (6, 9)
8
f(x) 30c. f(x)
8 4 O x
(3, 0)
4
O x
f (x ) 0.25x 2 3x f (x ) 1 x 2 3x 9
2 2

8 1 1
31a. ; x ; 32. min.; 0
9 3 3
31b. x f(x)
7
1
9
8
0
9
1
1
3
5
1
9
7
2 1
9
31c. f(x)
2 2 8
f (x ) x 3 x 9
O
x
1
( 3 )
, 1
33. max.; 9 34. min.; 14

35. min.; 11 36. max.; 5
9
37. max.; 12 38. min.;
2
7
39. max.; 40. max.; 5
8
41. min.; 11 42. max.; 5
1
43. min.; 10 44. x 40; (40, 40)
3
45. 40 m 46. 300 ft, 2.5 s
47. The y-intercept is the initial 48. 120 2x
height of the object.
49. 60 ft by 30 ft 50. 1800 ft2
51. $11.50 52. $2645

53. 5 in. by 4 in. 54. c; The x-coordinate of the

0
vertex of y ax 2 c is
2a
or 0, so the y-coordinate of
the vertex, the minimum of
the function, is a(0)2 c or
c ; 12.5
55. If a quadratic function can be 56. C
used to model ticket price
versus profit, then by finding
the x-coordinate of the vertex
of the parabola you can
determine the price per ticket
that should be charged to
achieve maximum profit.
following.
• If the price of a ticket is too
low, then you won’t make
enough money to cover
your costs, but if the ticket
price is too high fewer
people will buy them.
• You can locate the vertex
of the parabola on the
graph of the function. It
occurs when x 40.
Algebraically, this is found
b
by calculating x
2a
which, for this case, is
4000
x or 40. Thus the
2(50)
ticket price should be set
at $40 each to achieve
maximum profit.
57. C 58. 2.08
59. 3.20 60. 0.88
61. 3.38 62. 0.43
63. 1.56 64. 1
65. 1 3i 66. 9 5i

67. 23 68. 13

69. 4 70. [10 4 5]
28 20 44
71. [5 13 8] 72. c d
8 16 36
6 0 24
73. C 14
2
8
S 74. y
3
y 3x
(1, 3) yx4
O x
(1, 3); consistent and

independent
75. 5 76. 8
77. 2 78. 1
Lesson 6-2 Solving Quadratic Equations by Graphing

Pages 297–299
1a. The solution is the value that 2. Sample answer: f (x) 3x 2

satisfies an equation. 2x 1; 3x 2 2x 1 0
1b. A root is a solution of an
equation.
1c. A zero is the x value of a
function that makes the
function equal to 0.
1d. An x-intercept is the point at
which a graph crosses the
x-axis. The solutions, or roots,
of a quadratic equation are
the zeros of the related
quadratic function. You can
find the zeros of a quadratic
function by finding the
x-intercepts of its graph.

3. The x-intercepts of the 4. 4, 1

related function are the
solutions to the equation. You
can estimate the solutions by
stating the consecutive
integers between which the
x-intercepts are located.
5. 2, 1 6. 4
7. 7, 0 8. 4, 6
9. 7, 4 10. 5
11. between 2 and 1, 3 12. between 1 and 0; between
1 and 2
13. 2, 7 14. 0, 6
1
15. 3 16. 2, 1
2
1
17. 0 18. , 3
2
19. no real solutions 20. 0, 3
21. 0, 4 22. between 5 and 4;
between 0 and 1
23. between 1 and 0; between 24. 4, 5
2 and 3
25. 3, 6 26. 7
1
27. 6 28. 1 , 3
2
1 1 1
29. , 2 ˛ 30. 4, 1
2 2 2
1
31. 2 , 3 ˛ 32. between 4 and 3;
2
between 0 and 1
33. between 0 and 1; between 3 34. between 1 and 0, between
and 4 2 and 3
35. between 3 and 2; 36. no real solutions
between 2 and 3
37. no real solutions 38. 8, 9

39. Let x be the first number. 40. Let x be the first number.
Then, 7 x is the other Then, 9 x is the other
number. number.
x(7 x) 14 x(9 x) 24
x 7x 14 0
2
x 9x 24 0
2
y y
2
y x 7x 14
O x
O x 2
y x 9x 24
Since the graph of the Since the graph of the

related function does not related function does not
intersect the x-axis, this intersect the x-axis, this
equation has no real equation has no real
solutions. Therefore, no such solutions. Therefore, no such
numbers exist. numbers exist.
41. 2, 14 42. 4 s
43. 3 s 44. about 12 s
45. about 35 mph 46. about 8 s

47. 4 and 2; The value of the 48. Answers should include the
function changes from following.
negative to positive, therefore • h (t ) 2
180 h (t ) 16t 185
the value of the function is
160
zero between these two
140
numbers.
120
100
80
60
40
20
0 1 2 3 4 5 t
• Locate the positive
x-intercept at about 3.4.
This represents the time
when the height of the ride
is 0. Thus, if the ride were
allowed to fall to the
ground, it would take about
3.4 seconds.
49. A 50. B
51. 1 52. 3
53. 3, 5 54. 9, 1
55. 1.33 56. no real solutions
57. 4, x 3; 3 58. 1; x 1; 1
f(x) f (x)
(1, 3)
f (x) 4x 2 8x 1
O x
O x
f (x) x 2 6x 4
(3, 5)

1 3
59. 4; x 6; 6 60. i
5 5
f(x)
8
f (x) 1 x 2 3x 4
4
4
O
12 8 4 x
4
(6, 5)
10 2 1 5
61. i 62. i
13 13 13 13
63. 24 64. 8
65. 60 66. $500
67. x(x 5) 68. (x 10)(x 10)
69. (x 7)(x 4) 70. (x 9)2
71. (3x 2)(x 2) 72. 2(3x 2)(x 3)
Lesson 6-3 Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring

Pages 303–305
1. Sample answer: If the 2. Sample answer: roots

product of two factors is 6 and 5;
zero, then at least one of the x 2 x 30 0
factors must be zero.
3. Kristin; the Zero Product 4. {0, 11}
Property applies only when
one side of the equation is 0.
5. {8, 2} 6. {7, 7}
8. e , 4 f
3
7. {3}
4
9. {3, 4} 10. x 2 3x 28 0
11. 6x 2 11x 4 0 12. 15x 2 14x 3 0
13. D 14. {8, 3}
15. {4, 7} 16. {5, 5}
17. {9, 9} 18. {6, 3}

20. e 0, f
5
19. {3, 7}
3
21. e 0, f
3
22. {6}
4
e2, f
1
23. {8} 24.
4
e 4f 26. e , f
1 1 3
25. ,
4 2 2
27. e , f 28. e , f
2 3 8 2
3 2 3 3
29. e , f
3 9
30. {2, 4}
4 4
31. {3, 1} 32. 0, 6, 5
33. 0, 3, 3 34. x 2 9x 20 0
35. x 2 5x 14 0 36. x 2 x 20 0
37. x 2 14x 48 0 38. 2x 2 7x 3 0
39. 3x 2 16x 5 0 40. 12x 2 x 6 0
1
41. 10x 2 23x 12 0 42. s
4
43. 14, 16 44. 12 cm by 16 cm
45. B D 2 8D 16 46. 4; The logs must have a
diameter greater than 4 in.
for the rule to produce
positive board feet values.
47. y (x p)(x q) 48. 1
y x 2 px qx pq
y x 2 (p q)x pq
a 1, b (p q),
c pq
axis of symmetry:
b
x
2a
(p q)
x
2(1)
pq
x
2

The axis of symmetry is the

average of the x-intercepts.
Therefore the axis of
symmetry is located halfway
between the x-intercepts.
49. 6 50. Answers should include the
following.
• Subtract 24 from each side
of x 2 5x 24 so that
the equation becomes
x 2 5x 24 0. Factor
the left side as (x 3)
(x 8). Set each factor
equal to zero. Solving each
equation for x. The
solutions to the equation
are 3 and 8. Since length
cannot be negative, the
width of the rectangle is
3 inches, and the length is
3 5 or 8 inches.
• To use the Zero Product
Property, one side of the
equation must equal zero.
51. D 52. B
1
53. 5, 1 54.
2
55. between 1 and 0; between 56. min.; 19
3 and 4
57. 322 223 58. 523
59. 33 20 22 60. (4, 4)
62. a , 2b
1
61. (3, 5)
3
63. 222 64. 225

65. 323 66. 5i 22
˛
67. 2i 23 ˛ 68. 4i23

Chapter 6
Practice Quiz 1
Page 305
37 1
1. 4; x 2; 2 2. max.; or 9
4 4
f(x)
4
f (x) 3x 2 12x 4
O 4 8 12 x
4
8
(2, 8)
4. e 5, f
1 1
3. 1 , 4
2 2
5. 3x 2 11x 4 0
Lesson 6-4 Completing the Square

Pages 310–312
1. Completing the square 2. Never; the value of c that
allows you to rewrite one makes ax 2 bx c a
side of a quadratic equation perfect square trinomial is
in the form of a perfect b
the square of and the
square. Once in this form, 2
the equation is solved by square of a number can
using the Square Root never be negative.
Property.
3. Tia; before completing the 4. {10, 4}
square, you must first check
to see that the coefficient of
the quadratic term is 1. If it is
not, you must first divide the
equation by that coefficient.
4 22
5. e f 6. 36; (x 6)2
3
3 2
, ax b
9
7. 8. {6, 3}
4 2
9. 54 256 10. 51 i 256

3 233
11. e f 12. Jupiter
4
13. Earth: 4.5 s, Jupiter: 2.9 s 14. {3, 7}
15. {2, 12} 16. 54 27, 4 276
17. 53 2226
7 25
18. e f
2
5 211
19. e f 20. e , f
5 1
3 4 4
21. {1.6, 0.2} 22. 25 ft
23. about 8.56 s 24. 64; (x 8)2
15 2
; ax b
225
25. 81; (x 9)2 26.
4 2
7 2
; ax b
49
27.
4 2
28. 0.09; (x 0.3)2
4 2
; ax b
16
29. 1.44; (x 1.2)2 30.
9 3
5 2
31.
25
, ax b 32. {3, 5}
16 4
33. {12, 10} 34. 51 276
35. 52 236 36. 52 i 6
38. e , 1 f
5
37. {3 2i}
2
5 213
39. e , 1 f 40. e f
1
2 6
2 210 7 i 247
41. e f 42. e f
3 4
5 i 123
43. e f 44. {2, 0.6}
6
46. e 23 f
1
45. {0.7, 4}
3
47. e 22 f
3 1 1
48. 5 in. by 5 in.
4 2 2
x 1 1 25
49. , 50.
1 x1 2

51. Sample answers: The golden 52a. n 0

rectangle is found in much of 52b. n 0
ancient Greek architecture, 52c. n 0
such as the Parthenon, as
well as in modern
architecture, such as in the
windows of the United
Nations building. Many songs
have their climax at a point
occurring 61.8% of the way
through the piece, with 0.618
being about the reciprocal of
the golden ratio. The
reciprocal of the golden ratio
is also used in the design of
some violins.
53. 18 ft by 32 ft or 64 ft by 9 ft 54. To find the distance traveled
by the accelerating race car
in the given situation, you
must solve the equation
t 2 22t 121 246 or
t 2 22t 125 0.
following.
• Since the expression
t 2 22t 125 is prime,
the solutions of t 2 22t
121 246 cannot be
obtained by factoring.
• Rewrite t 2 22t 121 as
(t 11)2. Solve (t 11)2
246 by applying the
Square Root Property.
Then, subtract 11 from
each side. Using a
calculator, the two
solutions are about 4.7 and
26.7. Since time cannot
be negative, the driver
takes about 4.7 seconds to
reach the finish line.
55. D 56. D

57. x 2 3x 2 0 58. x 2 6x 27 0
59. 3x 2 19x 6 0 60. 12x 2 13x 3 0
61. between 4 and 3; 62. 6, 8
between 0 and 1
1 3
63. 4, 1 64. 57
2
66. a , b
43 6
65. (2, 5)
21 7
67. 0 x (257)0 2 68. greatest: 255C; least:

259C
69. 37 70. 16
71. 121 72. 0
Lesson 6-5 The Quadratic Formula and the Discriminant

Pages 317–319
1a. Sample answer: 2. The square root of a
y negative number is a
complex number.
O x
1b. Sample answer:

y
O x

1c. Sample answer:

y
O x
3. b 2 4ac must equal 0. 4a. 484

4b. 2 rational
1 5
4c. ,
4 2
5a. 8 6a. 0
5b. 2 irrational 6b. one rational
2 22 1
5c. 6c.
2 2
7a. 3 8. 0, 8
7b. two complex
3 i 23
7c.
2
9. 3, 2 10. 1 23
5 i 22
11. 12. at about 0.7 s and again at
2
about 4.6 s
13. No; the discriminant of 14a. 21
16t 2 85t 120 is 455, 14b. 2 irrational
indicating that the equation 3 221
14c.
has no real solutions. 2
15a. 240 16a. 16
15b. 2 irrational 16b. 2 complex
15c. 8 2215 16c. 1 2i
17a. 23 18a. 121

17b. 2 complex 18b. 2 rational
1 i 223 1 2
17c. 18c. ,
2 4 3
19a. 49 20a. 20
19b. 2 rational 20b. 2 irrational

1
19c. 2, 20c. 2 25
3
21a. 24 22a. 0
21b. 2 irrational 22b. one rational
1
21c. 1 26 22c.
3
23a. 0 24a. 31
23b. one rational 24b. 2 complex
5 9 i 231
23c. 24c.
2 8
28
25a. 135 26a.
9
25b. 2 complex 26b. 2 irrational
1 i 215 2 4 27
25c. 26c.
4 9
27a. 1.48 28. 2, 32

27b. 2 irrational
1 2 20.37
27c.
0.8
221
29. i 30. 2 i 23
7
3 215
31.
2
32. 22
9
33.
2
34. 3 i 27
5 246
35.
3
36. 4 27
3
37. 0, 38. 3 222
10
39. 2, 6 40. 0.00288

41. This means that the cables 42. domain: 0 t 25, range:
do not touch the floor of the 73.7 A(t ) 1201.2
bridge, since the graph does
not intersect the x-axis and
the roots are imaginary.
43. 1998 44. about 40.2 mph

45a. k 6 46. The person’s age can be

45b. k 6 or k 6 substituted for A in the
45c. 6 k 6 appropriate formula,
depending upon their gender,
and their average blood
pressure calculated. See
student’s work.
• If a woman’s blood pressure
is given to be 118, then
solve the equation 118
0.01A2 0.05A 107 to
find the value of A. Use the
Quadratic Formula,
substituting 0.01 for a, 0.05
for b, and 11 for c. This
gives solutions of about
35.8 or 30.8. Since age
cannot be negative, the only
valid solution for A is 30.8.
47. D 48. C
49. 14, 4 50. 4 27
1 2 22
51. 52. 2, 0
2
2
53. 2, 7 54. , 5
3
55. a 4b10 56. 10p6 0 q 0

57. 4b 2c 2 58. 7.98
106
59. y 60. y
xy9 8 x1
yx4 6 yx
4
2
6 4 O 2 4 6 8 x O x
4 xy 3 y 1
6
61. no 62. yes; (x 7)2

63. yes; (2x 3)2 64. yes; (5x 2)2
65. no 66. yes; (6x 5)2

Lesson 6-6 Analyzing Graphs of Quadratic Functions

Pages 325–328
1a. y 2(x 1)2 5 2. Substitute the x-coordinate of
1b. y 2(x 1)2 the vertex for h and the
1c. y 2(x 3)2 3 y -coordinate of the vertex for k
1d. y 2(x 2)2 3 in the equation y a(x h)2
1e. Sample answer: k. Then substitute the
y 4(x 1)2 3 x-coordinate of the other point
1f. Sample answer: for x and the y-coordinate for
y (x 1)2 3 y into this equation and solve
1g. y 2(x 1)2 3 for a. Replace a with this
value in the equation you
wrote with h and k.
3. Sample answer: 4. Jenny; when completing the
y 2(x 2)2 1 square is used to write a
quadratic function in vertex
form, the quantity added is
then subtracted from the
same side of the equation to
maintain equality.
5. (3, 1); x 3; up 6. y (x 4)2 19,
(4, 19); x 4; up
7. y 3(x 3)2 38; 8. y
(3, 38); x 3; down
y 3(x 3)2
O x
9. y 10. y
y 2x 2 16x 31
O x
1
y 3 (x 1)2 3
O x
11. y 4(x 2)2 12. y (x 3)2 6

1
13. y (x 2)2 3 14. h(d ) 2d 2 4d 6
2
15. (3, 0); x 3 down 16. (1, 2); x 1; up
17. (0,6); x 0 up 18. (0, 3); x 0; down
19. y (x 2)2 12; 20. y (x 3)2 8;
(2, 12); x 2; down (3, 8); x 3; up
21. y 3(x 2)2 12; 22. y 4(x 3)2 36;
(2, 12); x 2; down (3, 36); x 3; up
23. y 4(x 1)2 7; (1, 7); 24. y 2(x 5)2 15;
x 1; up (5, 15); x 5; down
1 2 3 2
25. y 3 ax b ; 26. y 4 ax b 20;
7
2 4 2
a , b; x ; up a , 20b; x , up
1 7 1 3 3
2 4 2 2 2
27. y 28. y
O x
y (x 5)2 3
O x
y 4(x 3)2 1
29. y 30. y
O x
1
y 4 (x 2)2 4
1
O x y 2 (x 3)2 5
31. y 32. y
O x
y x 2 8x 18
O x
y x 2 6x 2

33. y
y 4x 2 16x 11
34. y
y 5x 2 40x 80
O x
O x
35. y 36. y
y 1 x 2 5x 27
2 2
O x
O x
y 1 x 2 4x 15
3
37. Sample answer: the graph of 38. Sample answer: the graphs
y 0.4(x 3)2 1 is have the same shape, but the
narrower than the graph of graph of y 2(x 4)2 1 is
y 0.2(x 3)2 1. 1 unit to the left and 5 units
below the graph of y
2(x 5)2 4
39. y 9(x 6)2 1 40. y 3(x 4)2 3
2
41. y (x 3)2 42. y 3(x 5)2 4
3
1 5
43. y x 2 5 44. y (x 3)2 2
3 2
4
45. y 2x 2 46. y (x 3)2 4
3
47. 34,000 feet; 32.5 s after the 48. about 1.6 s
aircraft begins its parabolic
flight
49. d (t ) 16t 2 8t 50 50. about 2.0 s
51. Angle A; the graph of the 52. Angle B; the vertex of the
equation for angle A is equation for angle B is
higher than the other two farther to the right than the
since 3.27 is greater than other two since 3.57 is
2.39 or 1.53. greater than 3.09 or 3.22.

53. y ax 2 bx c 54. All quadratic equations are a

transformation of the parent
y a ax 2 xb c
b
a graph y x 2. By identifying
b 2 these transformations when
y a cx 2 x a b d
b
a 2a a quadratic function is written
b 2 in vertex form, you can
c aa b redraw the graph of y x 2.
2a
b 2 Answers should include the
y a ax b
b2
c
2a 4a following.
The axis of symmetry is • In the equation
b y a(x h)2 k, h
x h or .
2a translated the graph of
y x 2 h units to the right
when h is positive and h
units to the left when h is
negative. The graph of
y x 2 is translated k units
up when k is positive and
k units down when k is
negative. When a is
positive, the graph opens
upward and when a is
negative, the graph opens
downward. If the absolute
value of a is less than 1,
the graph will be narrower
than the graph of y x 2,
and if the absolute value of
a is greater than 1, the
graph will be wider than
the graph of y x 2.
• Sample answer:
y 2(x 2)2 3 is the
graph of y x 2 translated
2 units left and 3 units
down. The graph opens
upward, but is narrower
than the graph of y x 2.
55. D 56. B

57. 12; 2 irrational 58. 225; 2 rational

59. 23; 2 complex 60. 55 2226
61. 53 3i 6
2 213
62. e f
2
3
63. 2t 2 2t 64. t 2 2t 1
t1
4
65. n 3 3n 2 15n 21 66. y 3 1
y3
67a. Sample answer using (1994, 68. yes

76,302) and (1997, 99,448):
y 7715x 15,307,408
67b. 161,167
69. no 70. yes
71. no
Chapter 6
Practice Quiz 2
Page 328
1. 57 2236
1 3i
2. e f
2
3. 11; 2 complex 4. 100; 2 rational

9 5 25 2 2i 22
5. e f 6. e f
2 3
7. y 1x 22 2 5
2
8. y (x 4)2 2; (4, 2),
3
x 4; up
9. y 1x 62 2; 16, 02, x 6; 10. y 2(x 3)2 5; (3, 5),
down x 3; up

Lesson 6-7 Graphing and Solving Quadratic Inequalities

Pages 332–335
1. y 1x 32 2 1 2. Sample answer: one number

less than 3, one number
between 3 and 5, and one
number greater than 5
3a. x 1, 5 4. y
3b. x 1 or x 5
3c. 1 x 5
O x
y x 2 10x 25
5. y 6. y 2x 2 4x 3
y
12
8
4
O
4 2 2 4x
4
8
12 O x
20 y x 2 16
7. y 8. x 1 or x 5
y x 2 5x 6
12
2 O 2 4 6x
9. 5x 0 1 x 76 10. 5x 0 x 3 or x 46
11. 12. 5x 0 23 x 236

13. about 6.1 s 14. y

15
5
8 4 O 4 8x
5
15
y x 2 3x 18
25
15. y y x 2 7x 8 16. y
12
4 O 4 8 x O x
y x 2 4x 4
17. y 18. y
5
8 4 O 4 8x
O
10
x
20
30
y x 2 4x
y x 2 36
19. y 20. y
y x 2 3x 10 14
10
O x
6
2
6 4 2 O 2x
y x 2 6x 5

21. y x 2 7x 10 y
22. y
y x 2 10x 23
20
12
O x
4
12 8 4 O 4x
4
23. y
y x 2 13x 36
24. y
6 4
2
2 O 2 4 x
O 2 6 10 x
4
4 y 2x 2 3x 5
8
8
25. y 26. 5
O x
y 2x 2 x 3
27. 2 x 6 28. x 3 or x 3
29. x 7 or x 3 30. 5x 0 x 3 or x 66
31. 5x 0 7 x 46 32. 5x 0 1 x 56
33. 5x 0 x 6 or x 46 34. 5x 0 4 x 36
35. 5x 0 x 7 or x 16 36. e x ` x f
1
3
37. all reals 38.
39. 5x 0 x 76 40. all reals
41. 42. 5x 0 4 x 1 or x 36
43. 0 to 10 ft or 24 to 34 ft 44a. 0.98, 4.81; The owner will
break even if he charges
$0.98 or $4.81 per square
foot.

44b. 0.98 r 4.81; The owner

will make a profit if the rent is
between $0.98 and $4.81.
44c. 1.34 r 4.45; If rent is set
between $1.34 and $4.45
per sq ft, the profit will be
greater than $10,000
44d. r 1.34 or r 4.45; If rent is
set between $0 and $1.34 or
above $4.45 per sq ft, the profit
will be less than $10,000.
45. The width should be greater 46. P(n) n[15 1.5(60 n)]
than 12 cm and the length 525 or 1.5n 2 105n 525
should be greater than 18 cm
47. 6 48. $1312.50; 35 passengers
49. y 50. Answers should include the
y x 2 4
following.
• 16t 2 42t 3.75 10
• One method of solving this
O x inequality is to graph the
related quadratic function
y x2 4 h(t ) 16t 2 42t
3.75 10. The interval(s)
at which the graph is above
the x-axis represents the
times when the trampolinist
is above 10 feet. A second
method of solving this
inequality would be to find
the roots of the related
quadratic equation 16t 2
42t 3.75 10 0 and
then test points in the three
intervals determined by
these roots to see if they
satisfy the inequality. The
interval(s) at which the
inequality is satisfied
represent the times when
the trampolinist is above
10 feet.

51. C 52. A
53. 5x 0 all reals, x 26 54. 5x 0 7 x 76
55. 5x 0 x 9 or x 36 56. 5x 0 x 3.5 or x 2.56
57. 5x 0 1.2 x 0.46 58. no real solutions
59. y (x 1)2 8; (1, 8), 60. y 21x 42 2; 14, 02, x 4;
x 1; up down
1
61. y (x 6)2; (6, 0), 62. 4, 8
2
x 6; up
5 i 23 3 2 26
63. 64.
2 3
65. 4a 2b 2 2a 2b 4ab 2 66. 6x 3 4x 2y 13xy 2

12a 7b
1
67. xy 3 y 68. 15a 2 14a 3
x
21 48
69. B R 70. 354 64
13 22
71. 0x 0.008 0 0.002;
0.078 x 0.082

Chapter 7 Polynomial Functions

Lesson 7-1 Polynomial Functions
Pages 350–352
1. 4 4x 0; x x 1 2. Sample answer: Even-
degree polynomial functions
with positive leading
coefficients have graphs in
which f (x ) S as x S
and as x S. Odd-degree
polynomial functions with
positive leading coefficients
have graphs in which
f (x ) S as x S and
f (x ) S as x S .
3. Sample answer given. 4. Sometimes; a polynomial
f (x) function with 4 real roots
may be a sixth-degree
polynomial function with
2 imaginary roots. A
O x polynomial function that has
4 real roots is at least a
fourth-degree polynomial.
5. 6; 5 6. 5; 3
7. 21; 3 8. 4; 12
9. 2a 9 6a 312 10. 100a 2 20
11. 6a 3 5a 2 8a 45 12a. f (x ) S as x S ,
f (x ) S as x S
12b. odd
12c. 3
13a. f(x ) S as x S , 14a. f (x ) S as x S ,
f(x ) S as x S f (x ) S as x S
13b. even 14b. odd
13c. 0 14c. 1
15. 109 lumens 16. 1; 1
17. 3; 1 18. No, the polynomial contains
two variables, a and b.
19. 4; 6 20. 3; 5

21. No, this is not a polynomial 22. 2; 4

1
because the term cannot
c
be written in the form x n,
where n is a nonnegative
integer.
23. 12; 18 24. 125; 37
25. 1008; 36 26. 166; 50
27. 86; 56 28. 100; 4
29. 7; 4 30. 27a3 3a 1
31. 12a 2 8a 20 32. 3a4 2a 2 5
33. 12a6 4a3 5 34. x 3 3x 2 4x 3
35. 3x 4 16x 2 26 36. 6x 2 44x 90
37. x 6 x 3 2x 2 4x 2 38. 9x 4 12x 2 8x 50
39a. f (x ) S as x S , 40a. f (x) S as x S ,
f (x ) S as x S f (x) S as x S
39b. odd 40b. even
39c. 3 40c. 4
41a. f (x) S as x S , 42a. f (x ) S as x S ,
f (x) S as x S f (x ) S as x S
41b. even 42b. odd
41c. 0 42c. 5
43a. f (x) S as x S , 44a. f (x ) S as x S ,
f (x) S as x S f (x ) S as x S
43b. odd 44b. even
43c. 1 44c. 2
45. 5.832 units 46. even
47. f (x ) S as x S ; 48. Sample answer: Decrease;
f(x ) S as x S the graph appears to be
turning at x 30 indicating a
relative maximum at that
point. So attendance will
decrease after 2000.
1
49. 50. 1, 0, 4
2

1 3
51. f(x) x 3 x 2 2x 52. f (x )
2 2 8
f (x) 12 x 3 3 2
4 2 x 2x
4 2 O 2 x
4
8
53. 4 54. 16 regions
55. 8 points 56. Many relationships in nature

can be modeled by
polynomial functions; for
example, the pattern in a
honeycomb or the rings in a
tree trunk. Answers should
• You can use the equation
to find the number of
hexagons in a honeycomb
with 10 rings and the
number of hexagons in a
honeycomb with 9 rings.
The difference is the
number of hexagons in
the tenth ring.
• Other examples of patterns
found in nature include
pinecones, pineapples, and
flower petals.
57. C 58. C
59. 5x 0 2 x 66 60. 5x 0 x 9 or x 76

61. e x ` 1 x f
4
62. y
5
y 2(x 2)2 3
O x
63. y 64. y
12 8 O x O x
2 y 1 x2 x 3
2 2
y 1 (x 5)2 1
3 4
65. 54 3226 66. e , f

7 5
6 6
67. 23,450(1 p); 68. y
23,450(1 p)3
y x2 4
O x
69. y 70. y
8
O x 8 4 O 4 8x
4
1
y 2 x 2 2x 6
y x 2 6x 5

Lesson 7-2 Graphing Polynomial Functions

Pages 356–358
1. There must be at least one 2. 4

real zero between two points
on a graph when one of the
points lies below the x-axis
and the other point lies
above the x-axis.
3. f (x) 4.
x f(x )
p
f (x )
3 20 8
O 2 0
x 4
1 6
0 4 4 2 O 2 4x
f (x ) x 3 x 2 4x 4
1 0 4
2 0 f(x) x 3 x 2 4x 4
3 10
5. 6. between 1 and 0
x f(x ) f (x) f (x)
8
p
3 20
4
2 9
1 2 4 2 O 2 4x O x
0 5 4
1 0 f (x ) x 3 x 2 1
8
2 5
3 26 f (x ) x 4 7x 2 x 5
7. between 2 and 1, between 8. f (x)

8
1 and 0, between 0 and 1,
and between 1 and 2 4
f (x)
4 2 O 2 4x
4
O x 8
f (x ) x 3 2x 2 3x 5
f (x ) x 4 4x 2 2 Sample answer: rel. max. at

x 2, rel. min.: at x 0.5

9. f (x) 10.
C (t )
8
12000
4
10000
Cable TV Systems
4 2 O 2 4x
8000
4
6000
f (x ) x 4 8x 2 10
4000 C(t) 43.2t 2 1343t 790
Sample answer: rel. max. at
x 0, rel. min. at x 2 2000
and at x 2
O t
4 8 12 16
Years Since 1985
11. rel. max. between x 15 12. The number of cable TV

and x 16, and no rel. min.; systems rose steadily from
f(x ) S as x S , 1985 to 2000. Then the
f(x ) S as x S . number began to decline.
13a. 14a.
x f (x ) x f (x ) f (x )
p p
5 25 f (x ) 2 10 8
4 0 4 1 3 4
3 9 O 0 6
2 2 4x
2 8 1 5 4 2 O 2 4x
4
1 3 2 6 4
0 0 8 3 15
1 5 4 38 f (x) x 3 2x 2 6
2 24 f (x) x 3 4x 2 14b. between 2 and 1

13b. at x 4 and x 0 14c. Sample answer: rel. max. at
13c. Sample answer: rel. max. at x 0, rel. max. at x 1
x 0, rel. min. at x 3

15a. 16a.
x f (x ) f (x ) x f (x ) f (x )
p p
2 18 5 9
4
1 2 4 7
0 2 O x 3 9 8 4 O 4 8x
1 0 2 3
4
2 2 1 5
3 2 0 9 8
4 18 f (x) x 3 3x 2 2 1 3 f (x ) x 3 5x 2 9
15b. at x 1, between 1 and 0, 2 19

and between 2 and 3 16b. between 5 and 4,
15c. Sample answer: rel. max. at between 2 and 1, and
x 0, rel. min. at x 2 between 1 and 2
16c. Sample answer: rel. max. at
17a. 18a.
x f (x ) f (x ) x f (x ) f (x )
p p
1 75 2 29 O x
4
0 16 1 8
1 3 0 1
4 2 O 2 4x
2 0 1 2
4
3 7 2 5
4 0 8 3 4
5 39 f (x) 3x 3 20x 2 36x 16 4 7 f (x ) x 3 4x 2 2x 1
5 34
17b. between 0 and 1, at x 2,
and at x 4 18b. between 3 and 4
17c. Sample answer: rel. max. at 18c. Sample answer: rel. max. at
x 3, rel. min. at x 1 x 0.5, rel. min. at x 2.5

19a. 20a.
x f (x ) x f (x )
p p
f (x )
3 73 3 0 16
f (x )
4
2 8 2 15
8
1 7 1 0
4 2 O 2 x
0 8 0 9 4 2 x
4 O 2
1 7 1 0 8
2 8 f (x) x 4 8 8 2 15
3 0 16
3 73
19b. between 2 and 1 and 4 105 f (x ) x 4 10x 2 9
between 1 and 2 20b. at x 3, x 1, x 1,
19c. Sample answer: no rel. max., and x 3
rel. min. at x 0 20c. Sample answer: rel. max. at
and x 2
21a. 22a.
x f (x ) x f (x )
p p
f (x ) f (x )
4 169 8 3 39 24
3 31 4
2 5
16
2 7 1 3
1 5 0 3 8
4 2 O 2 4x
0 1 4 1 5
4 2 O 2 4x
1 1 2 21
8 8
2 1 3 15
3 43 f (x ) x 4 5x 2 2x 1 4 67 f (x) x 4 x 3 8x 2 3
21b. between 3 and 2, between 22b. between 3 and 2, between
1 and 0, between 0 and 1, 1 and 0, between 0 and 1,
and between 1 and 2 and between 3 and 4
21c. Sample answer: rel. max. at 22c. Sample answer: rel. max. at
x 2 and at x 1.5, rel. x 1.5 and at x 2.5, rel.
min. at x 0 min. at x 0.

23a. 24a.
x f (x ) f (x ) x f (x ) f (x )
4
p p
1 65 4 2 45
0 6 1 4 2 O 2 4 6x
2 O 2 4 x
1 1 0 5 4
4
2 2 1 6
8
3 3 8 2 7
f (x) 2x 4 4x 3 2x 2 3x 5
4 10 3 40
5 11 f (x) x 4 9x 3 25x 2 24x 6
24b. between 2 and 1, and
23b. between 0 and 1, between 1 between 2 and 3
and 2, between 2 and 3, and 24c. Sample answer: rel. max. at
between 4 and 5 x 0.5; rel. min. at x
23c. Sample answer: rel. max. at 0.5 and at x 1.5
x 2, rel. min. at x 0.5
and at x 4
25a. 26a.
x f (x ) f (x ) x f (x )
p p
f (x )
4 77 24 2 88 40
3 30 16 1 5
20
2 7 0 6
8
1 2 1 5 4 2 O 2 4x
0 3 2 20 20
4 2 O 2 4x
1 2 3 3
40
2 55 f (x) x 5 4x 4 x 3 9x 2 3 4 10
25b. between 4 and 3, between 5 269 f (x) x 5 6x 4 4x 3 17x 2 5x 6
2 and 1, between 1 and 26b. between 2 and 1, between

0, between 0 and 1, and 1 and 0, between 0 and 1,
between 1 and 2 between 2 and 3, and
25c. Sample answer: rel. max. at between 4 and 5
x 3 and at x 0, rel. 26c. Sample answer: rel. max. at
min. at x 1 and at x 1 x 1 and at x 2, rel.
min. at x 0 and at x 3.5

27. highest: 1982; lowest: 2000 28. Rel. max. between 1980 and
1985 and between 1990 and
1995, rel. min. between 1975
and 1980 and between 1985
and 1990; as the number of
years increases, the percent
of the labor force that is
unemployed decreases.
29. 5 30. Sample answer: increase,
based on the past
fluctuations of the graph
31. x 0 2 4 6 8 10 32. The growth rate for both
B(x) 25 34 40 45 50 54 boys and girls increases
G(x) 26 33 39 44 49 53 steadily until age 18 and
then begins to level off, with
x 12 14 16 18 20 boys averaging a height of
B(x) 59 64 68 71 71 71 in. and girls a height of
G(x) 56 59 61 61 60 60 in.
y B (x )
70
65
60
Average Height (in.)
55 G (x )
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 x
Age (yrs)
33. 0 and between 5 and 6 34. 5 s

35. 3 s 36. y
O x

37. y 38. y
O x O x
39. y 40. The turning points of a

polynomial function that
models a set of data can
indicate fluctuations that may
O x
repeat. Answers should
• To determine when the
percentage of foreign-born
citizens was at its highest,
look for the rel. max. of the
graph, which is at t 5.
The lowest percentage is
found at t 75, the rel.
min. of the graph.
• Polynomial equations best
model data that contain
turning points, rather than
a constant increase or
decrease like linear
equations.
41. D 42. B
43. 1.90; 1.23 44. 3.41; 0.59
45. 0; 1.22, 1.22 46. 0.52; 0.39, 1.62
47. 24a3 4a 2 2 48. 10c 2 25c 20
49. 8a4 10a 2 4 50. 3x 3 10x 2 11x 6
51. 2x 4 11x 2 16 52. 4x 4 9x 3 28x 2 33x 20

53. y 54. y
y x 2 4x 6
O x
O x
y x 2 6x 3
55. y 56. (7, 4)
O x
2
y x 2x
57. (3, 2) 58. (4, 2)

59. (1, 3) 60. 1 ft
61. (x 5)(x 6) 62. (2b 1)(b 4)
63. (3a 1)(2a 5) 64. (2m 3)(2m 3)
65. (t 3)(t 2 3t 9) 66. (r 2 1)(r 1)(r 1)
Lesson 7-3 Solving Equations Using

Quadratic Techniques
Pages 362–364
1. Sample answer: 2. The solutions of a polynomial

16x 4 12x 2 0; equation are the points at
4[4(x 2)2 3x 2] 0 which the graph intersects
the x-axis.
3. Factor out an x and write the 4. not possible
equation in quadratic form so
you have x[(x 2)2 2(x 2)
1] 0. Factor the trinomial
and solve for x using the
Zero Product Property. The
solutions are 1, 0, and 1.
5. 84(n 2 )2 62(n 2) 6. 0, 5, 4

7. 4, 1, 4, 1 8. 6, 3 3i13, 3 3i13
9. 64 10. 8 feet
11. 2(x 2)2 6(x 2) 10 12. not possible
13. 11(n 3 )2 44(n 3) 14. b[7(b 2)2 4(b 2 ) 2)]
1 1
15. not possible 16. 6 (x 5 )2 4 (x 5 ) 16 0
17. 0, 4, 3 18. 0, 1, 5
19. 13, 13, i 13, i 13 20. 0, 4, 4, 4i, 4i
21. 2, 2, 212, 212 22. 12, 12, 3, 3
9 9i 13 9 9i 13
23. 9, , 24. 8, 4 4i13, 4 4i13
2 2
25. 81, 625 26. 343, 64
27. 225, 16 28. 400
29. 1, 1, 4 30. 8, i 23, i 23
31. w 4 cm, / 8 cm, 32. x 4 7x 2 9 27
h 2 cm
33. 3
3 in. 34. 6
6 in.
35. h 2 4, 3h 2, h 3 36. The height increased by 3,
the width increased by 2, and
the length increased by 4.
37. Write the equation in 38. Answers should include the
quadratic form, u 2 9x following.
8 0, where u |a 3|. • Solve the cubic equation
Then factor and use the Zero 4x 3 (164x 2)
Product Property to solve 1600x 3600 in order to
for a; 11, 4, 2, and 5. determine the dimensions
of the cut square if the
desired volume is 3600 in3.
Solutions are 10 in. and
31 2601
in.
2
• There can be more than
one square cut to produce
the same volume because
the height of the box is not
specified and 3600 has a
variety of different factors.
1
39. D 40.
18
41. 42.
x f (x ) f (x ) x f (x ) f (x )
p
p
2 21 1 15
1 1 0 3
0 5 1 1 O x
1 3 2 3
O x
2 1 3 3
3 1 4 25
4 9 f (x) x 3 4x 2 x 5 f (x) x 4 6x 3 10x 2 x 3
5 35
43. 17; 27 44. 262; 2

1715 2 3 3
45. ; 135 46. B R
3 1 3 1
47. A¿(1, 2), B¿(3, 3), 48. y
C¿(1, 3) C'
O C x
A'
B B'
64
49. x 2 5x 4 50. 4x 2 16x 27
x2
21
51. x 3 3x 2 2 52. x 3 2x 2 10x 15
x1

Chapter 7
Practice Quiz 1
Page 364
1. 2a3 6a 2 5a 1 2. f(x ) S as x S ,

f(x ) S as x S ; odd; 3
1 1
3. Sample answer: maximum at 4. (6x 3)2 3(6x 3) 5 or
x 2, minimum at x 0.5 3 3
36(2x)2 18(2x) 5
f (x )
8
4 2 O 2 4x
4
8
f (x) x 3 2x 2 4x 6
5. 3, 3, i13, i13
Lesson 7-4 The Remainder and Factor Theorems

Pages 368–370
f(x ) x 2 2x 3
3. dividend: x 3 6x 32; 4. 7, 91
divisor: x 2; quotient:
x 2 2x 10; remainder: 12
5. 353, 1186 6. x 1, x 3
7. x 1, x 2 8. 2x 1, x 4
9. x 2, x 2 2x 4 10. $2.894 billion
11. $2.894 billion 12. Sample answer: Direct
substitution, because it can
be done quickly with a
calculator.
13. 9, 54 14. 37, 19
15. 14, 42 16. 55, 272

17. 19, 243 18. 267, 680

19. 450, 1559 20. 422, 3110
21. x 1, x 2 22. x 4, x 2
23. x 4, x 1 24. x 3, x 1
1 4
25. x 3, x or 2x 1 26. x 1, x or 3x 4
2 3
27. x 7, x 4 28. x 1, x 6
29. x 1, x 2 2x 3 30. 2x 3, 2x 3, 4x 2 9
31. x 2, x 2, x 2 1 32. 8 1 4 29 24
8 32 24;
1 4 3 0
(x 3)(x 1)
33. 3 34. 8
35. 1, 4 36. 3
37. 5 1 14 69 140 100 38. Yes; 2 ft lengths. The
5 45 120 100 binomial x 2 is a factor of
1 9 24 20 0 the polynomial since
f (2) 0.
39. 7.5 ft/s, 8 ft/s, 7.5 ft/s 40. 0; The elevator is stopped.
41. By the Remainder Theorem, 42. $31.36
the remainder when f(x ) is
divided by x 1 is equivalent
to f(1), or a b c
d e. Since a b c
d e 0, the remainder
when f (x ) is divided by x 1
is 0. Therefore, x 1 is a
factor of f(x ).
43. $16.70 44. B(x) 2000x 5 340(x 4
x 3 x 2 x 1)

45. No, he will still owe $4.40. 46. Using the Remainder
Theorem you can evaluate a
polynomial for a value a by
dividing the polynomial by
x a using synthetic
division. Answers should
• It is easier to use the
Remainder Theorem when
you have polynomials of
degree 2 and lower or
when you have access to
a calculator.
• The estimated number of
international travelers to the
U.S. in 2006 is 65.9 million.
47. D 48. x 2, x 2, x 1, x 2 1
49. (x 2)2 8(x 2) 4 50. 9(d 3)2 5(d 3) 2
51. not possible 52. Sample answer: rel. max, at
x 0.5, rel. min. at x 3.5
f (x )
16
f (x) x 3 6x 2 4x 3
8
2 O 2 4 x
8
16
2 2mrFc
53. Sample answer: maximum at 54. T
Fc
x 1, rel. max. at x 1.5,
rel. min. at x 1
f (x )
8
4 2 O 2 4x
4
f (x) x 4 2x 3 3x 2 7x 4

55. (4, 2) 56. (3, 1)

57. A 58. C
7 117
59. S 60.
2
9 157 3 i 17
61. 62.
6 4
Lesson 7-5 Roots and Zeros

Pages 375–377
1. Sample answer: p(x ) x 3 2. An odd-degree function
6x 2 x 1; p(x ) has either approaches positive infinity in
2 or 0 positive real zeros, 1 one direction and negative
negative real zero, and 2 or infinity in the other direction,
0 imaginary zeros. so the graph must cross the
x-axis at least once, giving it
at least one real root.
3. 6 4. 2i, 2i; 2 imaginary
5. 7, 0, and 3; 3 real 6. 2 or 0; 1; 2 or 0
7. 2 or 0; 1; 2 or 4 8. 4, 1 2i, 1 2i
9. 2, 1 i, 1 i 10. 2i, 2i, 3
11. 2 3i, 2 3i, 1 12. f (x ) x 3 2x 2 16x 32
8 5 i 271
13. ; 1 real 14. ; 2 imaginary
3 4
15. 0, 3i, 3i; 1 real, 2 imaginary 16. 3i, 3i, 3i, and 3i; 4
imaginary
17. 2, 2, 2i, and 2i; 2 real, 18. 2, 2, 0, 2, and 2, 5 real
2 imaginary
19. 2 or 0; 1; 2 or 0 20. 2 or 0; 1; 2 or 0
21. 3 or 1; 0; 2 or 0 22. 1; 3 or 1; 2 or 0
23. 4, 2, or 0; 1; 4, 2, or 0 24. 5, 3, or 1; 5, 3, or 1; 0, 2, 4,
6, or 8
25. 2, 2 3i, 2 3i 26. 4, 1 i, 1 i

i i
27. 2i, 2i, , 28. 5i, 5i, 7
2 2
3 1
29. , 1 4i, 1 4i 30. , 4 5i, 4 5i
2 2
31. 4 i, 4 i, 3 32. 3 i, 3 i, 4, 1
33. 3 2i, 3 2i, 1, 1 34. 5 i, 5 i, 1, 6
35. f(x ) x 3 2x 2 19x 20 36. f(x ) x 4 10x 3 20x 2
40x 96
37. f(x ) x 4 7x 2 144 38. f(x ) x 5 x 4 13x 3
13x 2 36x 36
39. f(x ) x 3 11x 2 23x 45 40. f(x) x 3 10x 2 32x 48
41a. f (x ) 42. (3 x)(4 x)(5 x) 24
O x
41b. f (x )
O x
41c. f (x )
O x

43. 1 ft 44. V(r ) r 3 17r 2

45. radius 4 m, height 21 m 46. 1; 2 or 0; 2 or 0
47. 24.1, 4.0, 0, and 3.1 48. Nonnegative roots represent
times when there is no
concentration of dye
registering on the monitor.
[30, 10] scl: 5 by [20, 20] scl: 5
49. Sample answer: f(x) x 3 50. One root is a double root.

6x 2 5x 12 and g(x) Sample graph:
2x 3 12x 2 10x 24 f (x )
each have zeros at x 4,
x 2, and x 3.
O x

51. If the equation models the 52. A

level of a medication in a
patient’s bloodstream, a
doctor can use the roots of
the equation to determine
how often the patient should
take the medication to
maintain the necessary
concentration in the body.
following.
• A graph of this equation
reveals that only the first
positive real root of the
equation, 5, has meaning
for this situation, since the
next positive real root
occurs after the
medication level in the
bloodstream has dropped
below 0 mg. Thus
according to this model,
after 5 hours there is no
significant amount of
medicine left in the
bloodstream.
• The patient should not go
more than 5 hours before
taking their next dose of
medication.
53. C 54. 127, 41
55. 254, 915 56. 36 in.
57. min.; 13 58. max.; 32
59. min.; 7 60. 5ab 2(3a c 2)
61. (6p 5)(2p 9) 62. 4y (y 3)2
3 2 11 5
63. C 3 4 S 64. C 7 0S
2 9 4 5

29 8
65. £ 8 9§
2
66. y x 1
3
16 16
1 5 1 1 2 1
67. , 1, , 5 68. , , , , 1, 2
2 2 14 7 7 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
69. , , 1, 3 70. , , , , 1, 2, 4
9 3 16 8 4 2
Lesson 7-6 Rational Zero Theorem

Pages 380–382
1. Sample answer: You limit the 2. Sample answer: 2x 2 x 3

number of possible solutions.
3. Luis; Lauren found numbers 4. 1, 2, 5, 10
q p
in the form , not as
p q
Luis did according to the
Rational Zero Theorem.
1 1 1 2
5. 1, 2, , , , 6. 4, 2, 7
2 3 6 3
7. 2, 4, 7 8. 2, 2, 3, 3
7 2 3 217
9. 2, 2, 10. ,
2 3 4
11. 10 cm
11 cm
13 cm 12. 1, 2
1 5
13. 1, 2, 3, 6 14. 1, 3, 5, 15, ,
3 3
1
15. 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18 16. 1, , 3
3
1 1
17. 1, , , 3, 9, 27 18. 6, 5, 10
3 9
19. 1, 1, 2 20. 1, 1
1
21. 0, 9 22. , 1, 1
2
23. 0, 2, 2 24. 0, 3
25. 2, 4 26. 7, 1, 3

1 1 1 1
27. , , 2 28. , , 2
2 3 2 5
1 1 1 3 4 3 i
29. , , , 30. 2, ,
2 3 2 4 3 2
4 5 i 13 2 2 3 213
31. , 0, 32. 3, , ,
5 2 3 3 2
1 4
33. 1, 2, 5, i, i 34. V r 3 r 2
˛ ˛
3 3
35. 2, 2 i 13; 2 36. r 2 in., h 6 in.
37. V 2h3 8h 2 64h 38. / 36 in., w 48 in.,
h 32 in.
1 1
39. V / 3 3/ 2 40. 6300 /3 3/2
3 3
41. / 30 in., w 30 in., 42. k 3; 3, 6, 5
h 21 in.
43. The Rational Zero Theorem 44. D
helps factor large numbers
by eliminating some possible
zeros because it is not
practical to test all of them
using synthetic substitution.
following.
• The polynomial equation
that represents the volume
of the compartment is
V w 3 3w 2 40w.
• Reasonable measures of
the width of the
compartment are, in
inches, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9,
12, 14, 18, 21, 22, 28, 33,
36, 42, 44, 63, 66, 77, and
84. The solution shows
that w 14 in., / 22
in., and d 9 in.
45. Sample answer: 46. 6, 3, 5
x 5 x 4 27x 3 41x 2
106x 120

47. 4, 2 i, 2 i 48. 5, 3i, 3i

49. 7, 5 2i, 5 2i 50. 4x 3, 5x 1
51. x 4, 3x 2 2 52. 725
53. 3xy 22x 54. 0 4x 5 0
55. 6 cm, 8 cm, 10 cm 56. x 3 4x 2 6
57. 4x 2 8x 3 58. x 3 5x 2 x 10
33
59. x 5 7x 4 8x 3 106x 2 60. x 9
x7
85x 25
5
61. x 2 x 4
x1
Chapter 7
Practice Quiz 2
Page 382
1. 930, 145 2. 0, 180

4
3. x 4 4x 3 7x 2 4.
5
22x 24 0
3
5.
2
Lesson 7-7 Operations on Functions

Pages 386–389
1. Sometimes; sample answer: 2. Sample answer: g(x )
If f(x ) x 2, g(x ) x 8, {(2, 1), (1, 2), (4, 3)},
then f g x 6 and f (x ) {(1, 7),(2, 9), (3, 3)}
g f x 6.
3. Danette; [g f ](x ) g [f (x )] 4. 4x 9; 2x 1;
means to evaluate the 3x 2 19x 20; 3x 4,
f function first and then the x5
g function. Marquan x 5
evaluated the functions in
the wrong order.

5. x 2 x 1; x 2 x 7; 6. {(5, 7), (4, 9)}; {(4, 12)}

x 3 4x 2 3x 12;
x2 3
, x4
x4
7. {(2, 7)}; {(1, 0), (2, 10)} 8. 6x 8; 6x 4

9. x 2 11; x 2 10x 31 10. 30
11. 11 12. 1
3
13. p(x ) x; c (x ) x 5 14. $32.49; price of CD when
4
25% discount is taken and
then the coupon is
subtracted
15. $33.74; price of CD when 16. Discount first, then coupon;
coupon is subtracted and sample answer: 25% of
then 25% discount is taken 49.99 is greater than 25% of
44.99.
x9
17. 2x ; 18; x 2 81;
x9
, x9 18. 6x 6; 2x 12;
8x 2 6x 27;
2x 3 9
, x
4x 9 4
19. 2x 2 x 8; 2x 2 x 8; 20. x 2 8x 15; x 2 4x 3;

2x 2 2x 3 18x 2 54x 54;
2x 3 16x 2; , x8 x3
8x
, x 3
2
x3 x2 1 x 3 x 2 7x 15
21. , x 1 22. , x 2;
x1 x2
x 3 x 2 2x 1 x 3 x 2 9x 9
x1
, , x 2;
x2
x 1; x 2 x ; x 1 x 2 6x 9, x 2;
x3 x2 x 1 x 2 4x 4, x 2, 3
, x0
x
23. {(1, 3), (3, 1), (2, 1)}; 24. {(2, 4), (4, 4)}; {(1, 5), (3, 3),
{(1, 0), (0, 1)} (5, 3)}
25. {(0, 0), (8, 3), (3, 3)}; 26. {(4, 5), (2, 5), (6, 12), (8, 12)};
{(3, 6), (4, 4), (6, 6), (7, 8)} does not exist
27. {(5, 1), (8, 9)}; {(2, 4)} 28. {(2, 3), (2, 2)}; {(5, 6), (8, 6),
(9, 5)}

29. 8x 4; 8x 1 30. 15x 5; 15x 1

31. x 2 2; x 2 4x 4 32. 3x 2 4; 3x 2 24x 48
33. 2x 3 2x 2 2x 2; 34. 2x 2 5x 9; 2x 2 x 5
8x 3 4x 2 2x 1
35. 12 36. 50
37. 39 38. 68
39. 25 40. 48
1
41. 2 42. 1
2
43. 79 44. 104
45. 226 46. 36
47. P(x ) 50x 1939 48. 939,000
49. p(x ) 0.70x; s(x ) 1.0575x 50. s[p(x )]; The 30% would be
taken off first, and then the
sales tax would be calculated
on this price.
5
51. $110.30 52. [K C](F ) (F 32) 273
9
53. 373 K; 273 K 54. 309.67 K
55. $700, $661.20, $621.78, 56. 244
$581.73, $541.04
57. Answers should include the 58. A
following.
• Using the revenue and
cost functions, a new
function that represents
the profit is p(x ) r(c(x )).
• The benefit of combining
two functions into one
function is that there are
fewer steps to compute
and it is less confusing to
the general population of
people reading the
formulas.
59. C 60. 1, 2, 4, 8

1 1 3 1 1
61. 1, , , 2, 3, , 62. 1, ,
2 4 2 3 9
3
, 6
4
63. x 3 4x 2 17x 60 64. x 3 3x 2 34x 48

65. 6x 3 13x 2 9x 2 66. x 3 6x 2 4x 24
67. x 3 9x 2 31x 39 68. x 4 x 3 14x 2 26x 20
1 5 6
69. 10 2j 70. B R
2 7 8
3 2
71. c d 72. does not exist
1 1
1 1 2
73. B R 74. does not exist
2 3 4
1 5 2 6 3y
75. B R 76. x
16 3 2 2
1 4x 2 2
77. y 78. x
5x 3 7y
I 9
79. t 80. F C 32
pr 5
Fr 2
81. m
GM
Lesson 7-8 Inverse Functions and Relations

Pages 393–394
1. no 2. Switch x and y in the
equation and solve for y.
3. Sample answer: 4. n is an odd whole number.
f (x) 2x, f 1(x) 0.5x;
f [f 1(x )] f 1[f (x )] x
5. {(4, 2), (1, 3), (8, 2)} 6. {(3, 1), (1, 1), (3, 1), (1, 1)}

1 1
7. f 1(x ) x 8. g 1(x ) x
3 3
f (x )
4 g (x )
f (x) x g (x ) 3x 1
2 f 1(x ) x 2
4 2 O 2 4x
4 2 O 2 4x
2
2
4 g1(x) 13 x 13
9. y 2x 10 10. yes
y y 1x 5
12 2
O 4 8 12 x
1
4 y 2x 10
11. no 12. 32.2 ft/s2

13. 15.24 m/s2 14. {(6, 2), (5, 4), (1, 3)}
15. {(8, 3), (2, 4), (3, 5)} 16. {(4, 7), (5, 3), (4, 1), (5, 7)}
17. {(2, 1), (2, 3), 18. {(11, 6), (7, 2), (3, 0),
(4, 1), (6, 0)} (3, 5)}
19. {(8, 2), (5, 6), (2, 8), (6, 5)} 20. x 3
y
4
x 3
2
4 2 O 2 4x
2
4 y 3

1
21. g1(x ) x 22. f 1(x ) x 5
2
f (x )
g (x ) 4
4
f 1(x) x 5
g (x ) 12 x
1
2
2
x
x
4 2 O 2 4
4 2 O 2 4
2
2
f (x) x 5
4
g (x ) 2x
1
23. g1(x ) x 4 24. f 1(x ) x 1
3
g (x )
4 f (x )
4
2
2 f (x) 3x 3
g (x ) x 4
4 2 O 2 4x
4 2 O 2 4x
g1(x) x2
4
2
4 f 1(x) 13 x 1
4
1 1
25. y x 26. y 3x
2 2
y
y 4
4
y 1 3x
1x 1
1
y 2
2 2
4 2 O 2 4x
4 2 O 2 4x
2
2
y 13 x
y 2x 1 4
4

8
27. f 1(x ) x 28. f 1(x ) 3x 12
5
f (x )
f (x ) 8
4
7 f (x) 1 x 4
3
6
2
5
4 2 O 2 4x 3
2
2 f (x) 58 x
1
4 O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x
f 1(x ) 3x 12
f 1(x) 85 x
5 35 3
29. f 1(x ) x 30. g1(x ) 3x
4 4 2
f (x)1 54 x 35 g (x )
4 4
f (x )
40 30 20 10 O x g (x) 2x 6 32
10
4 2 O 2 4x
20 2
30 4
f (x) 45 x 7
40 g1(x) 3x 32
8 4
31. f 1(x ) x 32. yes
7 7
f (x )
4
f 1(x) 87 x 2 47
4 2 O 2 4x
2
f (x) 7x 8 4
4
33. no 34. no
35. yes 36. yes
4(x 7) 6
37. yes 38. y
2
1 11
39. y x 40. 12
2 2

9
41. I(m) 320 0.04m; $4500 42. C 1(x ) x 32;
5
C [C1(x )] C 1[C (x )] x
43. It can be used to convert 44. Sample answer:

Celsius to Fahrenheit.
f(x ) x and f 1(x ) x or
f(x ) x and f 1(x ) x
45. Inverses are used to convert 46. A
between two units of
measurement. Answers
• Even if it is not necessary,
it is helpful to know the
imperial units when given
the metric units because
most measurements in the
U.S. are given in imperial
units so it is easier to
understand the quantities
using our system.
• To convert the speed of
light from meters per
second to miles per hour,
3.0
108 meters
f (x)
1 second
3600 seconds 1mile

1 hour 1600 meters
675,000,000 mi/hr
47. B 48. g [h(x)] 4x 20;
h[g(x)] 4x 5
49. g[h(x )] 6x 10; 50. g [h(x)] x 2 3x 24;
h[g(x )] 6x h[g(x)] x 2 5x 24
1 4 5
51. 7, 2, 3 52. , ,
4 3 2
53. 64 54. 32
55. 3 56. 4
57. 117 58. 196

59. 7 60.
25
61.
4
Lesson 7-9 Square Root Functions and Inequalities

Pages 397–399
1. In order for it to be a square 2. Both have the shape of the
root function, only the graph of y 2x, but
nonnegative range can be
y 2x 4 is shifted down
considered.
4 units, and y 2x 4 is
shifted to the right 4 units.
3. Sample answer: 4. y
8
y 22x 4 7
6
5
4
3
2
y x 2
1
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x
D: x 0, R: y 2
5. 8
y 6. y
7 4
6 y 3 x
5 2
4
x
3
2 y 4x O 4 8 12
1 2
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x
D: x 0; R: y 0 D: x 0; R: y 3
7. 8
y 8. 8
y
7 7
6 6
5 5
4 4 y x 4 1
3 y x 1 3 3
2 2
1 1
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x
D: x 1; R: y 3
9. y 10. y
8 4
3
6 2 y 3 5x 1
y 2x 4 1
4
1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7x
2 2
3
4
2 O 2 4 6x
11. y 12. v 22gh

4 y x 2 1
3
2
1
2 O 1 2 3 4 5 6x
2
3
4
13. Yes; sample answer: The 14. 8

y
advertised pump will reach a 7
maximum height of 87.9 ft. 6
5
4
3
2 y 3x
1
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x
D: x 0, R: y 0
15. y 16. y
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
y 4x
5 5
6 6
7 y 5x 7
8 8
D: x 0, R: y 0 D: x 0, R: y 0

17. 8
y 18. 8
y
7
6 6
5
4 y x 2
4
3 y 1 x
2
2 2
1
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x 2 O 2 4 6x
D: x 0, R: y 0 D: x 2, R: y 0
19. 8
y 20. y
7 O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x
1
6 2
5 3
4 4
3 y x 7 5
2 y 2x 1
6
1 7
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x 8
D: x 7, R: y 0 D: x 0.5, R: y 0
21. 8
y 22. 4
y
7
6 2
5
O x
4
6 4 2 2
3
2 y 5x 3 2
1
y x 6 3 4
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x
D: x 0.6, R: y 0 D: x 6, R: y 3
23. 8
y 24. 8
y
7
6 6
5
y 5 x 4
4 4 y 3x 6 4
3
2 2
1
O
4 2 2 4x O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x
D: x 4, R: y 5 D: x 2, R: y 4

25. y 26. y
8
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x
2
y 23 4x 3 6 4
6
4 8
10
2 12 y 6x
14
16
3 2 1 O x
D: x 0.75, R: y 3
27. 8
y 28. y
8
6 6
y 2x 8
4 4
y x 5
2 2
O O
4 2 2 x 4 2 2 4x
29. y 30. y
8 8
7 7
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3 y x 3 4
2 y 5x 8 2
1 1
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x
31. y 32. 125 ft

8
7
6
5
4
3 y 6x 2 1
2
1
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x
33. 317.29 mi 34. 119 lb

35. See students’ work. 36. If a is negative, the graph is
reflected over the x-axis. The
larger the value of a, the less
steep the graph. If h is
positive, the origin is

translated to the right, and if

h is negative, the origin is
translated to the left. When k
is positive, the origin is
translated up, and when k is
negative, the origin is
translated down.
37. Square root functions are 38. C
used in bridge design
because the engineers must
determine what diameter of
steel cable needs to be used
to support a bridge based on
its weight. Answers should
• Sample answer: When the
weight to be supported is
less than 8 tons.
• 13,608 tons
39. D 40. yes
41. no 42. yes
43. 2x 2; 8; x 2 2x 15; 44. 11x 22; 9x18;
x5 10x 2 40x 40; 10; x 2
,x3
x3
8x 3 12x 2 18x 26
45. , 46. 4; If x is your number, you
2x 3
3 can write the expression
x ; 3x x 8
2 , which equals 4
x2
8x 12x 2 18x 28
3
, after dividing the numerator
2x 3
3 3 and denominator by the GCF,
x ; 2x 3, x ; x 2.
2 2
8x 3 12x 3 18x 27,
3
x
2
47. 2x 2 4x 16 48. 6p 2 2p 20
49. a3 1

Chapter 8 Conic Sections
Lesson 8-1 Midpoint and Distance Formulas
Pages 414–416
1. Since the sum of the 2. all of the points on the

x-coordinates of the given perpendicular bisector of the
points is negative, the segment
x-coordinate of the midpoint
is negative. Since the sum of
the y-coordinates of the
given points is positive, the
y-coordinate of the midpoint
is positive. Therefore, the
midpoint is in Quadrant II.
4. a2, b
13
3. Sample answer: (0, 0) and
2
(5, 2)
5. (2.5, 2.25) 6. 10 units
7. 1122 units 8. 12.61 units
9. D 10. (12, 5)
11. (4, 2) 12. (2, 6)
13. a , b
17 27
14. (0.075, 3.2)
2 2
16. a , b
5 5
15. (3.1, 2.7)
12 24
17. a , b 18. a , b, a , 2b, a5, b

1 5 1 13 5 1
24 8 2 2 2 2
19. (7, 11) 20. around 8th St. and 10th Ave.
21. Sample answer: Draw 22. near Lebanon, Kansas
several line segments across
the U.S. One should go from
the NE corner to the SW
corner; another should go
from the SW corner to the
NW corner; another should
go across the middle (east to
west); and so on. Find the
midpoints of these segments.
Locate a point to represent
all of these midpoints.
23. See students’ work. 24. 13 units
25. 25 units 26. 12 units
27. 3117 units 28. 0.75 unit
29. 170.25 units 30. 165 units
31. 1 unit 32. 1271 units
1813
33. units 34. 6110 units, 90 units2
12
35. 712 158 units, 10 units2 36. 165 2 12 1122
1277 units
37. 1130 units 38. about 85 mi
39. about 0.9 h 40. 14 in.
41. The slope of the line through 42. The formulas can be used to
y y decide from which location
(x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is 2 1
x2 x1 an emergency squad should
and the point-slope form of be dispatched. Answers
the equation of the line is should include the following.
y2 y1
y y1 (x x1). • Most maps have a
x2 x1
superimposed grid. Think
x x2 y1 y2
Substitute ¢ 1 , ≤ of the grid as a coordinate
2 2
system and assign
into this equation. The left
y1 y2 y2 y1 approximate coordinates
side is y1 or . to the two cities. Then use
2 2
y y1 the Distance Formula to
The right side is 2
x2 x1 find the distance between
x1 x2 y2 y1 x2 x1 the points with those
¢ x1≤ ¢ ≤
2 x2 x1 2 coordinates.
y y1 • Suppose the bottom left of
or 2 . Therefore, the
2 the grid is the origin. Then
point with coordinates the coordinates of Lincoln
x1 x2 y1 y2 are about (0.7, 0.3); the
¢ , ≤ lies on the
2 2 coordinates of Omaha are
line through (x1, y1) and about (4.6, 3.3); and the
(x2, y2). The distance from coordinates of Fremont
x1 x2 y1 y2 are about (1.5, 4.6). The
¢ , ≤ to (x1, y1) is
2 2 distance from Omaha to
x1 x2 2 y1 y2 2 Fremont is about
¢x1 ≤ ¢y1 ≤
B 2 2 102(1.5 4.6)2 (4.6 3.3)2
x1 x2 2 y1 y2 2 or 34 miles. The distance
or ¢ ≤ ¢ ≤ . The
B 2 2 from Lincoln to Fremont is

x1 x2 y1 y2 about
distance from ¢ , ≤
2 2 102(1.5 0.7)2 (4.6 0.3)2
to (x2, y2) is or 44 miles. Since Omaha
x1 x22
y1 y2 2
is closer than Lincoln, the
¢x1 b ¢y2 ≤
B 2 2 helicopter should be
x2 x1 2 y2 y1 2 dispatched from Omaha.
¢ ≤ ¢ ≤ or
B 2 2
x1 x2 2 y1 y2 2
¢ ≤ ¢ ≤.
B 2 2
Therefore, the point with
x1 x2 y1 y2
coordinates ¢ , ≤
2 2
is equidistant from (x1, y1)
and (x2, y2).
43. C 44. B
45. on the line with equation y x 46. 1; AA ¿ is perpendicular to
the line with equation y x,
which has slope 1.
47. D 5x 0 x 26, R 5y 0 y 06 48. D 5x 0 x 06,
y R 5y 0 16
y
y 兹x 2 y 兹x 1
O x
O x
49. D 5x 0 x 06, R 5y 0 y 16 50. no

y
y 2兹x 1
O x
51. 1 13i 52. 6 2i

53. 4 3i 54. y (x 3)2

55. y (x 2)2 3 56. y 2(x 5)2
57. y 3(x 1)2 2 58. y (x 2)2 10
59. y 3(x 3)2 17
Lesson 8-2 Parabolas

Pages 423–425
1. (3, 7), a3, 6 b, x 3,
15
16 2. Sample answer: x y 2
1
y 7
16
3. When she added 9 to 4. y 2(x 3)2 12
complete the square, she forgot
to also subtract 9. The
standard form is y (x 3)2
9 4 or y (x 3)2 5.
5. (3, 4), a3, 3 b, x 3, 6. (7, 3), a7, 3 b, x 7,

3 1
4 8
1 7 1
y 4 , upward, 1 unit y 2 , upward, unit
4 8 2
y y
16
14
12
10
O x 8
6
4
y 2(x 7)2 3 2
y (x 3) 2 4 1412108 6 4 2 2x

7. a , b, a , b, x , 8. a , b, a , b, y ,
4 2 4 3 4 3 9 9 9 9
3 3 3 4 3 2 2 8 2 2
7 1 15 3
y , downward, unit x , right, units
12 3 8 2
y y
y 3x 2 8x 6
O x
x 2 y 2 6y 12
3
O x
1 1
9. y (x 3)2 6 10. x (y 1)2 5
8 8
y y
O x
y 1 (x 3) 2 6
8 x 1 (y 1) 2 5
8
O x
1 2
11. x y 6 12. y (x 3)2 2
24
1
13. x (y 7)2 29 14. y (x 12)2 80
2
15. x 3 ay b 11
5 2
16. (0, 0), a0, b, x 0, y ,
1 3 3
6 12 2 2
downward, 6 units
y
6y x 2
O x

17. (0, 0), a , 0b, y 0, x , 18. (6, 3), a6, 3 b, x 6,
1 1 3
2 2 4
right, 2 units 1
y 2 , upward, 3 units
y 4
y
y 2 2x
O x
3(y 3) (x 6)2
O x
19. (1, 4), a1, 3 b, x 1, y 4 ,

1 1
20. (2, 3), (3, 3), y 3,
2 2
downward, 2 units x 1, right, 4 units
y
y
O x
4(x 2) (y 3)2
O
2(y 4) (x 1)2
x
22. (6, 16), a6, 15 b, x 6,

3
21. (4, 8), (3, 8), y 8, x 5,
4
left, 4 units 1
y y 16 , upward, 1 unit
16 4
14 y
12 2 O2 4 6 8 10 12 14 x
10 2
8 4
6 6
4 8
2 (y 8)2 4(x 4) 10
O 12
4 321 1 2 3 4x 14
16
y x 2 12x 20

23. (24, 7), a23 , 7b, y 7, 24. a , b, a , b, y ,
3 115 5 144 5 5
4 4 2 5 2 2
1 287 1
x 24 , right, 1 unit x , right, unit
4 10 5
y y
24 2 x 5y 2 25y 60
1
x y 2 14y 25 16
O 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 x
8 2
3
4
24 16 8 O 8x
5
8 6
25. (4, 2), a4, 2 b, 26. a , b, a , 7b, x ,

1 5 55 5 5
x 4,
12 4 8 4 4
11 1 27 1
y 1 , upward, unit y , downward, unit
12 3 4 2
y y
2 O 2 4 x
4 x 2x 2 5x 10
8
12
y 3x 2 24x 50
16
O x
27. a , b, a , b, y , 28. (3, 5), a3, 5 b, x 3, y 4 ,

17 3 67 3 3 1 1
4 4 16 4 4 2 2
69 1 upward, 2 units
x , left, unit
16 4 y
y
x 4y 2 6y 2
O y 1 x 2 3x 19
2 2
x
O
x

29. (123, 18), a122 , 18b,
1
30. y
4
3
y 18, x 123 , left, 3 units x 3y 2 4y 1
4
y O
20 x
120 60 O 60 120x

20
40
x 1 y 2 12y 15
3
60
1
31. 1 32. 1 and
3
34. a , b
2 1 2
33. y
3 3 3
1 2
35. 0.75 cm 36. y x 1
16
y
y 1 x2 1
16
O x
1 1
37. x (y 6)2 8 38. x (y 2)2 6
24 8
y y
14
12
10
O x
8
6 x 1 (y 6)2 8
24 x 1 (y 2)2 6
4 8
2
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x
2

1 1
39. y (x 1)2 7 40. y (x 7)2 4
16 6
y y
8 8
y 1 (x 7)2 4
6 6
4 y 1 (x 1)2 7 4
2 16
O
4 321 O1 2 3 4 5 6 x 12 8 4 x
2
4 4
6 XBox.
8 8
1 2
41. x (y 3)2 4 42. y x 2 2
4 9
y
x 1 (y 3)2 4
4
O x
1
43. about y 0.00046x 2 325 44. y (x 50)2 25
100
1
45. y x2 6550 46. x (y 3)2 4
26,200
47. A parabolic reflector can be 48. B
used to make a car headlight
more effective. Answers
• Reflected rays are focused
at that point.
• The light from an
unreflected bulb would
shine in all directions. With
a parabolic reflector, most
of the light can be directed
forward toward the road.
49. A 50. 13 units
51. 10 units 52. 234 units

53. y 54. 2.016 105
O y 兹x 1 x
55. 4 56. 5
57. 9 58. 12
59. 223 60. 322
61. 423 62. 622
Lesson 8-3 Circles

Pages 428–431
1. Sample answer: (x 6)2 2. (x 3)2 (y 1)2 64; left

(y 2)2 16 3 units, up 1 unit
3. Lucy; 36 is the square of the 4. (x 3)2 (y 1)2 9
radius, so the radius is 6
units.
5. (x 1)2 (y 5)2 4 6. x 2 (y 2)2 25
7. (x 3)2 (y 7)2 9 8. (4, 1), 3 units
y
O x
(x 4)2 (y 1)2 9

4
9. (0, 14), 234 units 10. (4, 0), unit
5
y y
24 x 2 (y 14)2 34
16 (x 4)2 y 2 16
25
8
O x
16 8 O 8 16x
8
11. a , b
2 1 212
unit 12. (4, 3), 5 units
3 2 3
y
y
(x 4)2 (y 3)2 25
O x
2 2
(x 23 ) (y 12 ) 8
9 O
x
13. (2, 0), 223 units 14. x 2 y 2 42,2002

y
O x
(x 2)2 y 2 12
15. 16. (x 1)2 (y 1)2 16

y
Earth
Satellite
35,800
km
x
6400
km
42,200
km

17. (x 2)2 (y 1)2 4 18. x 2 (y 3)2 49
1
19. (x 8)2 (y 7)2 20. (x 1)2 (y 4)2 20
4
1 2
21. (x 1)2 ay b
1945
22. (x 8)2 (y 9)2 1130
2 4
23. (x 213)2 (y 42)2 24. (x 8)2 (y 7)2 64
1777
25. (x 4)2 (y 2)2 4 26. (x 1)2 (y 4)2 16
27. (x 5)2 (y 4)2 25 28. x 2 y 2 18
29. (x 2.5)2 (y 2.8)2 1600 30. (0, 2), 2 units
y
x 2 (y 2)2 4
O x
31. (0, 0), 12 units 32. (3, 1), 5 units

y y
16 x 2 y 2 144
16 8 O 8 16x
(x 3)2 (y 1)2 25
8 O x
16

33. (3, 7), 9 units 34. (3, 0), 4 units
y y
(x 3)2 (y 7)2 81 4
2
12108642 O2 4 6 8 x (x 3)2 y 2 16
2
4 O x
6
8
10
12
14
16
35. (3, 7), 522 units 36. (25, 4), 5 units

y (x 3)2 (y 7)2 50 y
2
O
64 2 2 4 6 8 10 x
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 O
x
37. (2, 23), 229 units 38. (7, 3), 222 units
y y
O x
O x

39. (0, 3), 5 units 40. (1, 0), 211 units
y y
O x
O x
2129
42. a , 4b,
9
41. (9, 9), 2109 units units
2 2
y
18 y
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
2O 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 x
2 O x
3 217
43. a , 4b,
3
units 44. (6, 8), 4 units
2 2
y
y 16
4
14
2
O 12
6 42 2 4 6 8 10 x 10
2 8
4 6
6 4
8 2
10 O
12 2 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 x
2

45. (1, 2), 214 units 46. (2, 1), 22 units
y y
O x
O x
47. a0, b, 219 units

9
48. about 109 mi
2
y
O x
49. (x 1)2 (y 2)2 5 50. A circle can be used to

represent the limit at which
planes can be detected by
radar. Answers should
• x 2 y 2 2500
• The region whose
boundary is modeled by
x 2 y 2 4900 is larger,
so there would be more
planes to track.
51. A 52. D
53. y 216 (x 3)2 54. y 216 (x 3)2,
y 216 (x 3)2

55. 56. x 3 216 y 2;
The equations with the
symbol and symbol
represent the right and left
halves of the circle,
respectively.
[10, 10] scl:1 by [10, 10] scl:1
57. (1, 0), a , 0b, y 0, x 1 , 58. (3, 2), a3, 2 b, x 3,

11 1 1
12 12 4
1 3
left, unit y 1 , downward, 1 unit
3 4
y y
O x
x 3y 2 1 y 2 (x 3)2
x
O
59. (2, 4), a2, 3 b, x 2,

3
60. (4, 4)
4
1
y 4 , upward, 1 unit
4
y
2
y x 4x
O x
62. a , 6b
3
61. (1, 2)
2
1
63. 4, 2, 1 64. , 2, 3
2
65. 28 in. by 15 in. 66. 12
67. 6 68. 4
69. 25 70. 225
71. 222

Chapter 8
Practice Quiz 1
Page 431
1. 13 units 2. 2226 units
3. (0, 0), a1 , 0b, y 0, 4. (4, 4), a4, 4 b, x 4,

1 1
2 4
1 3
x 1 , right, 6 units y 3 , upward, 1 unit
2 4
y y
y 2 6x
O x
y x 2 8x 20
O x
5. (0, 4), 7 units

y
12
10
8
6
4
2
8642O 2 4 6 8x
2
4
x 2 (y 4)2 49

Lesson 8-4 Ellipses
Pages 437–440
1. x 1, y 2 2. Let the equation of a circle

be (x h)2 (y k)2 r 2.
Divide each side by r 2 to get
(x h)2 (y k)2
1. This
r2 r2
is the equation of an ellipse
with a and b both equal to r. In
other words, a circle is an
ellipse whose major and minor
axes are both diameters.
x2 y2
36 20
(x 2)2 (y 5)2
1
4 1
(y 4)2 (x 2)2 y2 x2
5. 1 6. 1
36 4 100 36
7. (0, 0): (0, 3); 612; 6 8. (1, 2); (5, 2), (3, 2);
y 415; 4
y
O x
O x
y2 x2
1 ( y 2)2
18 9 (x 1)2
1
20 4
9. (0, 0); (2, 0); 412; 4 10. (4, 2); (4 216, 2); 10; 2
y y
O x
O x
2 2
4x 8y 32

x2 y2 y2 x2
11. about 12. 1
1.32 1015 1.27 1015 64 39
1
x2 y2 (x 5)2 (y 4)2
13. 1 14. 1
16 7 64 9
y2 (x 2)2 (x 2)2 (y 5)2

15. 1 16. 1
16 4 81 16
(y 4)2 (x 2)2 (y 2)2 (x 42 2

17. 1 18. 1
64 4 100 9
(x 5)2 (y 4)2 (x 1)2 (y 2)2

19. 1 20. 1
64 81 81 56
4
x2 y2 x2 y2
21. 1 22. 1
169 25 324 196
x2 y2 x2 y2
23. about 24. 1
2.02 1016 2.00 1016 193,600 279,312.25
1
y2 x2 (x 1)2 (y 1)2
25. 1 26. 1
20 4 30 5
27. (0, 0); (0, 15); 2110; 215 28. (0, 0); (4, 0); 10; 6
y y
O x O x
y2 x2
1 x2 y2
10 5 1
25 9

29. (8, 2); (8 3 17, 2); 24; 18 30. (5, 11); (5, 11 123);
y 24; 22
16 y
4
8
1284 O4 8 12 16 20 x
O 4
24 16 8 8x 8
12
8 16
(x 8) 2 (y 2)2 20
1
144 81 16 24
28 (y 11)2 (x 5)2
1
144 121
31. (0, 0); (16, 0); 6; 213 32. (0, 0); (0, 16); 6; 213
y y
O x O x
3x 2 9y 2 27
27x 2 9y 2 81
33. (0, 0); (0, 17); 8; 6 34. (0, 0); (315, 0); 18; 12
y y
8
6
4
2
O
O x 8642 2 4 6 8x
2
4
6
8 36x 2 81y 2 2916
2 2
16x 9y 144
35. (3, 1); (3, 5), (3, 3); 36. (2, 7); (2 412, 7);
416; 412 4110 ; 412
y y
12
4
O
O x 8 4 4 x
4

37. (2, 2); (2, 4), (2, 0); 217; 213 38. (1, 3); (2, 3), (4, 3); 10; 8
y y
O x
O x
x2 y2
39. 1 40. Knowledge of the orbit of
12 9
Earth can be used in
predicting the seasons and in
space exploration. Answers
• Knowledge of the path of
another planet would be
needed if we wanted to
send a spacecraft to that
planet.
• 1.55 million miles
41. C 42. B
x2 y2 44. (x 3)2 (y 2)2 25
43. about
1.351019 1.26 1019
1
45. (x 4)2 (y 1)2 101 46. (x 1)2 y 2 45
1
47. (x 4)2 (y 1)2 16 48. y (x 3)2 1
2
y
1 2
O y 2 (x 3) 1 x

49. Married Americans 50. Sample answer using
120 (0, 104.6) and (10, 112.6):
118 y 0.8x 104.6
People (millions)
116
114
112
110
108
106
104
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
51. Sample answer: 128,600,000 52. y
O x
y 2x
53. y 54. y
y 12 x
O x O x
y 2x
55. y 56. y
y 12 x
O x O x
y 2 2(x 1)

57. y
O x
y 2 2(x 1)
Lesson 8-5 Hyperbolas

Pages 445–448
1. sometimes 2. As k increases, the branches

of the hyperbola become
wider.
x2 y2 y2 x2
3. Sample answer: 1 4. 1
4 9 4 21
x2 y2
5. 1 6. (0, 3 22); (0, 238);
1 15
3110
y x
10
y
8
6
4
y2 x2
2 18
20 1
8642 O2 4 6 8 x
2
4
6
8

7. (1, 6 2 25); 8. (6, 0); (237, 0);
(1, 6 3 25); y x
1
6
2 25
y 6 (x 1) y
5 16
y 2 2
O x 8 x 36y 36
16 8 O 8 16x
8
2 2
(y 6) (x 1)
1 16
20 25
3
9. (4 2 25, 2); 10. (0, 15); (0, 25); y x
4
(4 3 25, 2); y
20
25 15
y2 (x 4) 10 y2 x2
2
y 5 225
400 1
16
2015105 O5 10 15 20x
12 5
8 10
4 15
20
1284 O4 8 12 16 20 x
4
8
12
16
x2 y2 (y 3)2 (x 2)2
11. 1 12. 1
4 12 1 4
ay 2b
2
11
x2 (x 3)2 (y 5)2
13. 1 14. 1
25 6 4 9
4
x2 y2 y2 x2
15. 1 16. 1
25 36 16 49
(x 2)2 (y 3)2 (y 5)2 (x 4)2
17. 1 18. 1
49 4 16 81
x2 y2 y2 x2
19. 1 20. 1
16 9 36 4

21. (9, 0); ( 2130, 0); 22. (0, 6); (0, 2210); y 3x
7 y
y x 8
9 6
2 2
y x y 1 4 y2 x2
81 49 2 4 1
16 36
12
4 3 21 O1 2 3 4 x
8 2
4 4
6
161284 O4 8 12 16x
4 8
8
12
16
4 5
23. (0, 4); (0, 241); y x 24. (3, 0); ( 234, 0); y x
5 3
y y
8
6
4 x2 y2
9
25 1
2
8 6 42 O2 4 6 8 x O x
2
4
6
8
y2 x2
16
25 1
25. ( 22, 0); (23, 0); 26. (2, 0); (222, 0); y x
22 y
y x
2 x 2 y 2 4
y
x 2 2y 2 2 x
O
O x

27. (0, 6); (0, 3 25); y 2x 28. (0, 22); (0, 222);
y 23
16 y x
3
8 y
y 2 36 4x 2
16 8 O 8 16x
4
6y 2 2x 2 12
12 O x
29. (2, 0), (2, 8); (2, 1), 30. (2, 2), (2, 8); (2, 3 241);
4 5
(2, 9); y 4 (x 2) y 3 (x 2)
3 4
y y
12 10
8
8
(y 36)2 (x 2)2
(y 4 )2 (x 2)2 25 4 16 1
16 49 1 2
O
O 6 42 2 4 6 8 10 x
8 4 4 x 2
4
4 6
31. (3, 3), (1, 3); 32. (12, 3), (0, 3);
(1 213, 3); (6 3 25, 3);
3 1
y3 (x 1) y 3 (x 6)
2 2
y y
6
O x 4
2
O
1412108 6 42 2x
2
4
6
(x 6)2 (y 3)8
2
36 9 10 1
(x 1)2 (y 3)2
4 9 1

33. (1, 3 2 26); 34. (4, 0), (6, 0); (1 229, 0);
(1, 3 4 22); 2
y (x 1)
5
y 3 23(x 1) y
y 8
6 6
4 4
2 2
8 6 42 O2 4 6 8 x 8 6 42 O2 4 6 8 x
2 2
4 4
6 4x 2 6
25y 2 8x 96 0
8 8
10
y 2 3x 2 6y 6x 18 0
x2 y2
35. 1 36. y
1.1025 7.8975
Station O Station x
(x 2)2 (y 3)2
37. 120 cm, 100 cm 38. 1
4 4

39. about 47.32 ft 40. Hyperbolas and parabolas
have different graphs and
different reflective properties.
following.
• Hyperbolas have two
branches, two foci, and
two vertices. Parabolas
have only one branch, one
focus, and one vertex.
Hyperbolas have
asymptotes, but parabolas
do not.
• Hyperbolas reflect rays
directed at one focus
toward the other focus.
Parabolas reflect parallel
incoming rays toward the
only focus.
41. C 42. B
43. y 44. ( 22, 22), (22, 22)
xy 2
O x
45. y 46. The graph of xy 2 can

xy 2
be obtained by reflecting the
graph of xy 2 over the
x x-axis or over the y-axis. The
O graph of xy 2 can also
be obtained by rotating the
graph of xy 2 by 90 .
(x 5)2 (y 2)2 (y 1)2 (x 3)2

47. 1 48. 1
16 1 16 9

(x 1)2 (y 4)2
49. 1 50. (5, 1), 2 units
25 9
y
O x
3
51. 4, 2 52. 7,
2
7 0
53. C S 54. [13 8 1]
5 20
55. about 5,330,000 subscribers 56. 5, 4
per year
57. 2x 17y 58. 2, 3, 5
59. 1, 2, 9 60. 3, 1, 2
61. 5, 0, 2 62. 1, 0, 0
63. 0, 1, 0
Chapter 8
Practice Quiz 2
Page 448
(y 1)2 (x 3)2
1. 1 2. (4, 2); (4 2 22, 2); 6; 2
81 32
y
O x
(x 4)2 (y 2)2
1
9 1

x2 y2
3. (1, 1); (1, 1 211); 8; 4. 1
9 16
225
y
O x
(x 2)2 (y 2)2
5. 1
16 5
Lesson 8-6 Conic Sections

Pages 450–452
1. Sample answer: 2. 2x 2 4x 7y 1 0
2x 2 2y 2 1 0
3 2
4. y ax b , parabola
5
3. The standard form of the
2 4
equation is (x 2)2
y
(y 1)2 0. This is an
equation of a circle centered
at (2, 1) with radius 0. In
other words, (2, 1) is the O x
only point that satisfies the
equation.
1 2
6. ax b y 2 , circle
y2 x2 9
5. 1, hyperbola
16 8 2 4
y y
8
6
4
2
O
8642 2 4 6 8x O x
2
4
6
8

(x 1)2 (y 3)2
7. 1, 8. parabola
4 1
ellipse
y
O x
9. ellipse 10. hyperbola

11. y 12. x 2 y 2 27, circle
10
y
8 8
6
4 4
2
O2 4 6 8 10 12 14 x 8 4 O 4 8x
2
4 4
6
8
y2 x2 1
13. 1, ellipse 14. y x 2, parabola
4 2 8
y y
O x O x

x2 y2 (x 1)2 (y 4)2
15. 1, hyperbola 16. 1,
4 1 36 4
y hyperbola
y
12
8
O x
4
O
8 4 4 8 12x
4
1
17. y (x 2)2 4, parabola 18. x (y 4)2 4, parabola
9
y
y
O x
O x
19. (x 2)2 (y 3)2 9, 20. x 2 (y 3)2 36, circle

circle y
y
4
O
8 4 4 8x
4
8
O x

(x 4)2 y2 (x 1)2 y2
21. 1, hyperbola 22. 9 1, ellipse
32 32 9 2
y
8 y
6
4
2
121086 42 O 2 4 x
2 O x
4
6
8
(y 1)2 x2
23. x 2 (y 4)2 5, circle 24. 1, hyperbola
25 9
y y
8
6
4
2
O
8642 2 4 6 8x
2
4
6
O x 8
x2 (y 1)2 (x 1)2 (y 1)2

25. 1, ellipse 26. 1, ellipse
4 3 16 4
y y
O x
O x

(x 2)2 (y 1)2
27. y (x 4)2 7, parabola 28. 1,
5 6
y
hyperbola
12 8 4 O 4x
y
4
8
O x
12
16
(x 3)2 (y 1)2
29. 1, ellipse 30. parabolas and hyperbolas
25 9
y
O x
31. hyperbola 32. y
O x
33. circle 34. hyperbola

35. parabola 36. ellipse
37. ellipse 38. circle
39. parabola 40. hyperbola
41. b 42. a
43. c 44. 2 intersecting lines

45. The plane should be vertical 46. If you point a flashlight at a
and contain the axis of the flat surface, you can make
double cone. different conic sections by
varying the angle at which
you point the flashlight.
following.
• Point the flashlight directly
at a ceiling or wall. The
light from the flashlight is
in the shape of a cone
and the ceiling or wall acts
as a plane perpendicular
to the axis of the cone.
• Hold the flashlight close to
a wall and point it directly
vertically toward the ceiling.
A branch of a hyperbola will
appear on the wall. In this
case, the wall acts as a
plane parallel to the axis of
the cone.
47. D 48. C
(y 4)2 (x 5)2
49. 0
e
1, e 1 50. 1
36 16
(x 3)2 (y 6)2
51. 1 52. (3, 4); (3 25, 4); 6; 4
9 4
y
O x
53. x12 54. m12n

x7
55. 56. 196 beats per min
y4
57. (2, 6) 58. (3, 2)
59. (0, 2)

Lesson 8-7 Solving Quadratic Systems
Pages 458–460
1a. (3, 4), (3, 4) 2. The vertex of the parabola is

y on the ellipse. The parabola
opens toward the interior of
the ellipse and is narrow
4x 3y 0 enough to intersect the
O ellipse in two other points.
x Thus, there are exactly three
points of intersection.
x 2 y 2 25
1b. (1, 4)
y
y 2x 2 2
y 5 x2
O x
3. Sample answer: 4. (4, 5)

x 2 y 2 40, y x 2 x
5. (4, 3), (3, 4) 6. no solution
7. (1, 5), (1, 5) 8. 14
y
12
10
8
6
4
2
O
108642 2 4 6 8 10 x
2
4
6

9. y 10. (40, 30)
O x
12. a , b,
3 9
11. (2, 4), (1, 1) (1, 2)
2 2
13. (1 217, 1 217), 14. no solution
(1 217, 1 217)
15. ( 25, 25), (25, 25) 16. no solution
123
18. (0, 3), a , b
11
17. (5, 0), (4, 6) 2 4
19. (8, 0) 20. (0, 5)
21. no solution 22. (4, 3), (4, 3)
23. (5, 5), (5, 1), (3, 3) 24. (6, 3), (6, 1), (4, 4), (4, 0)
25. a , b, (1, 3)
5 7
26. (3, 4), (3, 4)
3 3
27. 0.5 s 28. Sample answer:
x2 y2
1,
36 16
x2 (y 2)2
1,
16 4
x2 y2
1
2 16
40 24 25 45 12 25
29. a , b 30. (39.2, 4.4)
5 5

31. No; the comet and Pluto may 32. y
not be at either point of
intersection at the same
time.
O x
33. y 34. y
O x
O x
35. y 36. 8
y
6
4
2
O
8642 2 4 6 8x
2
4
O x
6
8
37. y 38. k
3, 2
k
2, or k 3
O x
39. none 40. k 2 or k 3

41. none 42. 3
k
2 or 2
k
3

43. Systems of equations can be 44. A
used to represent the
locations and/or paths of
objects on the screen.
following.
• y 3x, x 2 y 2 2500
• The y-intercept of the
graph of the equation
y 3x is 0, so the path of
the spaceship contains the
origin.
• (5 210, 15 210) or
about (15.81, 47.43)
45. B 46. Sample answer: y x 2,
x (y 2)2
47. Sample answer: 48. Sample answer:
x2 y2
x 2 y 2 36, x 2 y 2 100, 1
(x 2)2 y2 16 4
1
16 4
x2 y2
49. Sample answer: x 2 y 2 81, 50. Sample answer: 1,
64 16
x2 y2
1 x2 y2
4 100
1
64 16
51. impossible 52. (x 2)2 (y 1)2 11,

circle
y
O x

(y 3)2 x2 23
53. 1, ellipse 54. (0, 2); (0, 4); y x
9 4 3
y y
6y 2 2x 2 24
O x
O x
55. 7, 0 56. 0, 3

57. 7, 3 58. 7, 5
4 3 1
59. 60. ,
3 4 2
61a. 40 62a. 48
61b. two real, irrational 62b. two imaginary
210 2i 23
61c. 62c. 1
5 3
63. 2 9i 64. 29 28i
8 1
65. i 66. about 1830 times
5 5
67. 6 68. 2
69. 51 70. (5, 3, 7)
5 4
71. y 3x 2 72. y x
3 3

Chapter 9 Rational Expressions and Equations

Lesson 9-1 Multiplying and Dividing Rational Expressions
Pages 476–478
4 4(x 2)
1. Sample answer: , 2. To multiply rational numbers
6 6(x 2)
or rational expressions, you
multiply the numerators and
multiply the denominators. To
divide rational numbers or
rational expressions, you
multiply by the reciprocal of
the divisor. In either case, you
can reduce your answer by
dividing the numerator and
the denominator of the results
by any common factors.
9m
3. Never; solving the equation 4.
4n4
using cross products leads to
15 10, which is never true.
1 3y 2
5. 6.
ab y4
3c 5
7. 8.
20b 12x
6 p5
9. 10.
5 p1
2y(y 2)
11. cd 2x 12.
3(y 2)
5c
13. D 14.
2b
n2
15. 16. 3x 4y
7m
s 5
17. 18.
3 t1
1 y2
19. 20.
2 3y 1
a1 3x 2
21. 22.
2a 1 2y
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 243 Algebra 2 Chapter 9

4bc
23. 24. f
27a
xz
25. 2p 2 26.
8y
b3
27. 28. 3
x 2y 2
4 2
29. 30.
3 3
5(x 3)
31. 1 32.
2(x 1)
w3 3(r 4)
33. 34.
w4 r3
2(a 5) 3n
35.
(a 2)(a 2)
36.
m
mn
37. 2p 38.
m2 n2
2x y
39. 40. y 1
2x y
4
41.
3
42. d 2, 1 or 2
6827
43. a b or b 44.
13,129
6827 m
45.
13,129 a
46. 2x 1 units
1
47. (2x 2 x 15)m 2 48.
a2
49. A rational expression can be 50. C
used to express the fraction
of a nut mixture that is
peanuts. Answers should
• The rational expression
8x
is in simplest form
13 x
because the numerator
and the denominator have
no common factors.

8x
• Sample answer:
13 x y
could be used to represent
the fraction that is peanuts
if x pounds of peanuts and
y pounds of cashews were
added to the original
mixture.
51. A 52. (1, 4), (5, 2)
1
53. (217, 222) 54. x (y 3)2 1; parabola
3
y
O x
x 13 (y 3)2 1
(x 7)2 (y 2)2
55. 1; 56. even; 2
9 1
hyperbola
y
8
4
O x
4 8 12
4 (x 7)
2 2
(y 2)
1
9 1
8
AA C A BLACK
57. odd; 3 58. even; 0
1 1
59. 1, 4 60. ,
6 3
61. 0, 5 62. 4.99 102 s or about 8 min
19 s
3 19
63. 64. ,
2 16
1 11
65. 1 66. 1
9 24

4 11
67. 1 68.
15 16
11 1
69. 70.
18 6
Lesson 9-2 Adding and Subtracting Rational Epressions

Pages 481–484
1. Catalina; you need a 2. Sample answer: d 2 d, d 1

common denominator, not a
common numerator, to
subtract two rational
expressions.
3a. Always; since a, b, and c are 4. 12x 2y 2
factors of abc, abc is always
a common denominator of
1 1 1
.
a b c
3b. Sometimes; if a, b, and c
have no common factors,
then abc is the LCD of
1 1 1
.
a b c
3c. Sometimes; if a and b have
no common factors and c is
a factor of ab, then ab is the
1 1 1
LCD of .
a b c
3d. Sometimes; if a and c are
factors of b, then b is the
1 1 1
LCD of .
a b c
1 1 1
3e. Always; since
a b c
bc ac ab
, the sum is
abc abc abc
bc ac ab
always .
abc
5. 80ab3c 6. x(x 2)(x 2)
2 x3 42a 2 5b 2
7. 8.
x 2y 90ab 2

37 5d 16
9. 10.
42m (d 2) 2
3a 10 8
11. 12.
(a 5)(a 4) 5
13x 2 4x 9
13. units 14. 70s 2t 2
2x (x 1)(x 1)
15. 180x 2yz 16. 420a3b3c 3
17. 36p 3q 4 18. 4(w 3)
19. x 2(x y)(x y) 20. (2t 3)(t 1)(t 1)
6 8b
21. (n 4)(n 3)(n 2) 22.
ab
31 5 7r
23. 24.
12v r
2x 15y 9x 2 2y 3
25. 26.
3y 12x 2y
25b 7a3 3
27. 28.
5a 2b 2 20q
110w 423 13
29. 30.
90w y8
a3 5m 4
31. 32.
a4 3(m 2)(m 2)
y (y 9) 7x 38
33. 34.
(y 3)(y 3) 2(x 7)(x 4)
8d 20 4h 15
35. 36.
(d 4)(d 4)(d 2) (h 4)(h 5)2
x2 6
37. 38. 0
(x 2)2(x 3)
2y 2 y 4 1
39. 40.
(y 1)(y 2) b1
2s 1
41. 1 42.
2s 1
a7 3x 4
43. 44.
a2 2x (x 2)
24
45. 12 ohms 46. h
x

24 48(x 2)
47. h 48. h
x4 x(x 4)
2md
49. or 50. Sample answer:
(d L)2(d L) 2
1 1
2md ,
x1 x2
(d L2 ) 2
2
51. Subtraction of rational 52. B

expressions can be used to
determine the distance
between the lens and the
film if the focal length of the
lens and the distance
object are known. Answers
• To subtract rational
expressions, first find a
common denominator.
Then, write each fraction
as an equivalent fraction
with the common
denominator. Subtract the
numerators and place the
difference over the
common denominator. If
possible, reduce the
answer.
1 1 1
• could be used
q 10 60
to determine the distance
film if the focal length of
the lens is 10 cm and the
distance between the lens
and the object is 60 cm.
4
53. C 54.
15xyz 2

a(a 2)
55. 56. y
a1
8
x 2 y 2 16
8 O 8x
8
9x 2 y 2 81
57. y 58. 2.5 ft

2
(y 3) x 2
O x
x2 y 4
59. y 60. y
15
6
10
2
O 5
8 2 8x
10 5 O 5 10x
x 6 y 1
2 2
5
16
20
10
y2 x2
15
1
49 25
61. y
10
8
6
4
2
O
6 2 2 4 6x
4
(x 2) (y 5)
2 2
8 1
16 25

Chapter 9
Practice Quiz 1
Page 484
t2 c
1. 2.
t3 6b 2
y2 7
3. 4.
32 2
5. (w 4)(3w 4) 6. x 1
4a 1 6ax 20by
7. 8.
ab 15a 2b3
n 29 1
9. 10.
(n 6)(n 1) 4
Lesson 9-3 Graphing Rational Functions

Pages 488–490
1. Sample answer: 2. Each of the graphs is a

1 straight line passing through
f(x) (5, 0) and (0, 5). However,
(x 5)(x 2)
(x 1)(x 5)
the graph of f (x)
x1
has a hole at (1, 6), and the
graph of g(x ) x 5 does
not have a hole.
3. x 2 and y 0 are 4. asymptote: x 2
asymptotes of the graph. The
y-intercept is 0.5 and there is
no x-intercept because y 0
is an asymptote.
5. asymptote: x 5; hole: 6. f (x )
x1
O x
x
f (x )
x 1

7. f (x ) 8. f (x )
4
10
2
6
x 2 25
8 4 O 4 8x f (x ) x 5
2
2 6
f (x ) 4 O 2 6 10 x
(x 2)(x 3)
4 4
9. 4
f (x ) 10. f (x )
2 4
f (x )
( x 1)2
8 4 O 4 8x
2 x 5
f (x )
x 1
4
O x
C C
11. f (x) 12. 100 mg
O
x
x 2
f(x)
x2 x 6
13. C 14. y 12, C 1; 0; 0

10
y
C y 12
6
2
16 8 O 8 16 y
4
15. y 0 and 0 C 1 16. asymptotes: x 2, hole:

x3
17. asymptotes: x 4, x 2 18. asymptotes: x 4, hole:
x 3
19. asymptotes: x 1, hole: 20. hole: x 4
x5

21. hole: x 1 22. f (x )

1
f (x ) x
O x
23. f (x ) 24. f (x )
1
f (x )
x2
O x O x
3
f (x ) x
25. f (x ) 26. f (x )
6 5
f (x )
x 1
2 x
8 4 O 4 8 O x
4 x
f (x )
x 3
8
C C
27. f (x ) 28. f (x ) f (x )
3
( x 2)2
5x
f (x ) x
8 x 1
O
4
8 4 O 4 8x
4
29. f (x ) 30. f (x )
1 x 4 6
f (x ) f (x )
( x 3)2 x 1
2
8 4 O 4 8x
4
O x
8

31. f (x ) 32. f(x)

4
8 4 O 4 x
x 2 36 4
O x f(x)
x 6
f (x )
x 1 8
x 3
12
33. f(x) 34. f (x )

x2 1
f(x)
x 1
O
O x x
3
f (x )
( x 1)( x 5)
35. f (x ) 36. f (x )
x
f (x )
x2 1
O x O x
1
f (x )
( x 2)( x 3)
37. f (x ) 38. f (x )
x 1
f (x )
x2 4 6
f (x )
(x 6)2
O x
O x

39. f (x ) 40. f (x )
1
f (x ) 64
(x 2)2 f (x )
x 2 16
O x
O x
64
b,
64
41. The graph is bell-shaped 42. Since a 2
x 16
2
x 16
with a horizontal asymptote
64
at f(x) 0. the graph of f (x) 2
x 16
would be a reflection of the
64
graph of f (x) over
x 16
2
the x-axis.
43. Vf 44. m1 7; 7; 5
20
m1 7
Vf 5
12 m1 7
4
O
16 8 4 8 m1
45. about 0.83 m/s 46. Sample answers:

x2
f(x) ,
(x 2)(x 3)
2(x 2)
f (x) ,
(x 2)(x 3)
5(x 2)
f (x)
(x 2)(x 3)
47. P (x ) 48. the part in the first quadrant
8
6x
P (x ) 10 4 x
12 8 4 O 4x
4
8

49. It represents her original free- 50. y 1; This represents 100%,

throw percentage of 60%. which she cannot achieve
because she has already
missed 4 free throws.
51. A rational function can be 52. A
used to determine how much
each person owes if the cost
of the gift is known and the
number of people sharing the
cost is s. Answers should
• c
100
150
c
50 s
s0
O
100 50 50 100 s
50 c 0
100
• Only the portion in the first

quadrant is significant in
the real world because
there cannot be a negative
number of people nor a
negative amount of money
owed for the gift.
3m 4
53. B 54.
mn
3x 16 5(w 2)
55. 56.
(x 3)(x 2) (w 3) 2
57. (6, 2); 5 58. (2, 0); 113
y y
(x 6)2 ( y 2)2 25
O x
O x
x 2 y 2 4x 9

59. $65,892 60. 4 2i

7 3 213
61. 12, 10 62.
2
63. 4.5 64. 1.4
65. 20 66. 12
Lesson 9-4 Direct, Joint, and Inverse Variation

Pages 495–498
1a. inverse 2. Both are examples of direct
1b. direct variation. For y 5x, y
increases as x increases. For
y 5x, y decreases as x
increases.
3. Sample answers: wages and 4. inverse; 20
hours worked, total cost and
number of pounds of apples;
distances traveled and
amount of gas remaining in
the tank, distance of an
object and the size it
appears
1
5. direct; 0.5 6. joint;
2
7. 24 8. 45
9. 8 10. P 0.43d
11. 25.8 psi 12. about 150 ft
13. Depth(ft) Pressure(psi) 14. direct; 1.5
p
0 0
1 0.43
2 0.86
3 1.29
4 1.72

P 0.43d
O d
15. joint; 5 16. inverse; 18

17. direct; 3 18. inverse; 12
1
19. direct; 7 20. joint;
3
k
21. inverse; 2.5 22. V
p
23. V kt 24. directly; 2
25. 118.5 km 26. 60

27. 20 28. 216
29. 64 30. 25
31. 4 32. 1.25
33. 9.6 34. 12.6
1
35. 0.83 36. 2
4
1
37. 38. 30 mph
6
39. 100.8 cm3 40. See students’ work.

41. m 20sd 42. joint
43. 1860 lb 44. / 15md
45. joint 46. See students’ work.
k
47. I 48. I
d2 I 162
d
O d

1 0.02P1P2
49. The sound will be heard as
4 50. 0.02; C
intensely. d2
51. about 127,572 calls 52. about 601 mi

53. no; d 0 54. Sample answer: If the average
student spends $2.50 for lunch
in the school cafeteria, write
an equation to represent the
amount s students will spend
for lunch in d days. How much
will 30 students spend in a
week? a 2.50sd; $375
55. A direct variation can be 56. D
used to determine the total
cost when the cost per unit
is known. Answers should
• Since the total cost T is
the cost per unit u times
the number of units n or
C un, the relationship is
a direct variation. In this
equation u is the constant
of variation.
• Sample answer: The school
store sells pencils for 20¢
each. John wants to buy
5 pencils. What is the total
cost of the pencils? ($1.00)
57. C 58. asymptote: x 1; hole
x 1
59. asymptotes: x 4, x 3 60. hole: x 3
x t 2 2t 2
61. 62.
yx (t 2)(t 2)
m (m 1)
63.
m5
64. 9.3 107
65. 0.4; 1.2 66. 3; 7

3
67. ; 3 68. C
5
69. A 70. S
71. P 72. A
73. C
Chapter 9
Practice Quiz 2
Page 498
1. f (x ) 2. f (x )
O
f (x ) xx
4
1
x
O x
2
f (x ) 2
x 6x 9
3. 49 4. 4.4
5. 112
Lesson 9-5 Classes of Functions

Pages 501–504
1. Sample answer: 2. constant (y 1),
P direct variation (y 2x),
identity (y x)
O d
This graph is a rational

function. It has an asymptote
at x 1.
3. The equation is a greatest 4. greatest integer
integer function. The graph
looks like a series of steps.
5. inverse variation or rational 6. constant

7. c 8. b
9. identity or direct variation 10. quadratic
y y
y x 2 2
O x
yx
O x
11. absolute value 12. A

r 2; quadratic; the
y graph is a parabola
y x2
O x
13. absolute value 14. square root

15. rational 16. direct variation
17. quadratic 18. constant
19. b 20. e
21. g 22. a
23. constant 24. direct variation
y y
y 2.5x
O x O x
y 1.5

25. square root 26. inverse variation or rational

y y
y 4x
y 兹9x
O x
O x
AA C A BLACK
27. rational 28. greatest integer
y y
2
yx 1
x1
y 3[x ]
O x
O x
29. absolute value 30. quadratic

y y
y 2x
y 2x 2
O x O x
31. C 4.5 m 32. direct variation

33. a line slanting to the right and 34. similar to a parabola
passing through the origin

35. y 36. The graph is similar to the

160 graph of the greatest integer
function because both graphs
Cost (cents)
120 look like a series of steps. In

80
the graph of the postage
rates, the solid dots are on
40 the right and the circles are
x on the left. However, in the
0
2 4 6 8 10 greatest integer function, the
Ounces circles are on the right and
the solid dots are on the left.
37a. absolute value 38. A graph of the function that
37b. quadratic relates a person’s weight on
37c. greatest integer Earth with his or her weight
37d. square root on a different planet can be
used to determine a person’s
weight on the other planet by
finding the point on the
graph that corresponds with
the weight on Earth and
determining the value on the
other planet’s axis. Answers
• The graph comparing
weight on Earth and Mars
represents a direct variation
function because it is a
straight line passing through
the origin and is neither
horizontal nor vertical.
• The equation V 0.9E
compares a person’s
weight on Earth with his or
her weight on Venus.
V
80
60
Venus
40
20
E
0
20 40 60 80
Earth

39. C 40. D
41. 22 42. f (x )
3
f (x ) x 2
O x
43. f (x ) 44. f (x )
2
f (x ) x 5x 4
x4
O x
8
f (x ) ( O x
x 1)(x 3)
45. (8, 1); a8, b ; x 8; 46. a3 , 1b ; a2 , 1b;

7 1 1
8 4 4
1 1 1
y 1 ; up; unit y 1; x 4 ; right; 4 units
8 2 4
y y
14
12
10
8 1 1
x 4 y2 2 y 3
6
4 1(
2
y 1) (x 8)2 O x
2
O
2 2 4 6 10 12 x
2

25 23 54
(5, 4); a5 , 4b ; y 4; 48. c d
3
47.
4 66 26 57
1
x 4 ; right; 3 units
4
y
O x
3x y 2 8y 31
49. impossible 50. (7, 5)
51. a , 2b
1
52. (2, 2)
3
53. 1 54. 12
17
55. 56. 60a3b 2c 2
6
57. 45x 3y 3 58. 15(d 2)
59. 3(x y)(x y) 60. (a 3)(a 1)(a 2)
61. (t 5)(t 6)(2t 1)
Lesson 9-6 Solving Rational Equations and Inequalities

Pages 509–511
1. Sample answer: 2. 2(x 4); 4
1 2
1
5 a2
3. Jeff; when Dustin multiplied 4. 3
by 3a, he forgot to multiply
the 2 by 3a.
2
5. 2, 6 6.
3
7. 6, 2 8. 2 c 2

1 2
9. v 0 or v 1 10. 2 h
6 9
4
11. 2 12.
3
13. 6, 1 14. 3, 2

15. 1 a 0 16. 1 m 1
17. 11 18. 3
19. t 0 or t 3 20. 0 b 1
1
21. 0 y 2 22. p 0 or p 2
2
3
23. 14 24.
2
25. 26.
7
27. 7 28.
3
3 3 22 1 2145
29. 30.
2 4
31. 32 32. 2 or 4
33. band, 80 members; chorale, 34. 4.8 cm/g
50 members
35. 24 cm 36. 15 km/h
37. 5 mL 38. 5
b
39. 6.15 40.
bc 1
41. If something has a general 42. B
fee and cost per unit, rational
equations can be used to
determine how many units a
person must buy in order for
the actual unit price to be a
given number. Answers
500 5x
• To solve 6,
x
multiply each side of the
equation by x to eliminate
the rational expression.

Then subtract 5x from each

side. Therefore, 500 x.
A person would need to
make 500 minutes of long
distance calls to make
the actual unit price 6¢.
• Since the cost is 5¢ per
minute plus $5.00 per
month, the actual cost per
minute could never be 5¢
or less.
43. C 44. quadratic
y
y 2x 2 1
O x
45. square root 46. direct variation

y y
O x
y 0.8x
y 2兹x
O x
47. 36 48. 33.75

49. 22130 50. 225
51. 2137 52. 5x 0 x 11 or x 36
53. 5x 0 0 x 46 54. e b ` 1 b 2 f
1
2

Chapter 10 Esponential and Logarithmic Relations

Lesson 10-1 Exponential Functions
Pages 527–530
1. Sample answer: 0.8 2a. quadratic

2b. exponential
2c. linear
2d. exponential
3. c 4. a
5. b 6. D {x 0 x is all real numbers.},
R {y 0 y 0}
y
y 3(4)x
O x
7. D {x 0 x is all real numbers.}, 8. growth

R {y 0 y 0}
y
y2( 13 )x
O x
9. decay 10. growth

1 x
11. y 3a b 12. y 18132 x
2
13. 2227 or 427 14. a4
15. 3322 or 2722 16. 9
17. x 0 18. 2
19. y 65,000(6.20)x 20. 22,890,495,000

21. D {x 0 x is all real numbers.}, 22. D {x 0 x is all real numbers.},

R {y 0 y 0} R {y 0 y 0}
y y
y 5(2)x
y 2(3)x
O x O x

R {y 0 y 0} R {y 0 y 0}
y y
)x
y4 ( 13 )
y 0.5(4
O x O x

R {y 0 y 0} R {y 0 y 0}
y y
x
O O x
y 2.5(5)x
y ( 15 )x
27. growth 28. growth

29. decay 30. growth
31. decay 32. decay
1 x
33. y 2 a b 34. y 3(5)x
4
1 x
35. y 7(3)x 36. y 5 a b
3
37. y 0.2(4)x 38. y 0.3(2)x

39. 54 or 625 40. x115

41. 7412 42. y 2 13
43. n 2 44. 25
2
45. n 5 46.
3
47. 1 48. n 2
8
49. 50. 0
3
5
51. n 3 52.
3
53. 3 54. p 2
55. 10 56. 3, 5
57. y 100(6.32)x 58. about 1,008,290
59. y 3.93(1.35)x 60. 9.67 million; 17.62 million;
32.12 million; These answers
are in close agreement with
the actual populations in
those years.
r
61. 2144.97 million; 281.42 62. Exponential; the base, 1 ,
n
million; No, the growth rate is fixed, but the exponent, nt,
has slowed considerably. is variable since the time t
The population in 2000 was can vary.
much smaller than the
equation predicts it would be.
63. A(t ) 1000(1.01)4t 64. $2216.72
65. s . 4x 66. 1.5 three-year periods or 4.5 yr
67. Sometimes; true when b 1, 68. The number of teams y that
but false when b 1. could compete in a
tournament with x rounds
can be expressed as y 2x.
The 2 teams that make it to
the final round got there as a
result of winning games
played with 2 other teams,
for a total of 2
2 22 or 4
games played in the previous
rounds. Answers should

• Rewrite 128 as a power of

2, 27. Substitute 27 for y in
the equation y 2x. Then,
using the Property of
Equality for Exponents, x
must be 7. Therefore, 128
teams would need to play
7 rounds of tournament
play.
• Sample answer: 52 would
be an inappropriate
number of teams to play in
this type of tournament
because 52 is not a power
of 2.
69. A 70. 780.25
71. 72.
The graphs have the same The graphs have the same
shape. The graph of shape. The graph of
y 2x 3 is the graph of y 3x1 is the graph of
y 2x translated three units y 3x translated one unit to
up. The asymptote for the the left. The asymptote for
graph of y 2x is the line the graph of y 3x and for
y 0 and for y 2x 3 is y 3x1 is the line y 0.
the line y 3. The graphs The graphs have the same
have the same domain, all domain, all real numbers,
real numbers, but the range and range, y 0. The
of y 2x is y 0 and the y-intercept of the graph of
range of y 2x 3 is y 3. y 3x is 1 and for the graph
The y-intercept of the graph of y 3x1 is 3.
of y 2x is 1 and for the
graph of y 2x 3 is 4.

73. 74.
The graphs have the same The graphs have the same
shape. The graph of shape. The graph of
x
1 x2
y a b 1 is the graph of
1
y a b is the graph of
5 4
x
y a b translated one
x
y a b translated two units
1 1
5 4
to the right. The asymptote unit down. The asymptote
x
for the graph of y a b is
x
for the graph of y a b and
1 1
5 4
x2 the line y 0 and
for y a b
1
is the line 1 x
a b
5
for the graph of y 1
y 0. The graphs have the 4
same domain, all real is the line y 1. The
numbers, and range, y 0. graphs have the same
The y-intercept of the graph domain, all real numbers,
1 x
a b
1 x
of y a b is 1 and for the but the range of y
5 4
x
is y 0 and of y a b 1
1 x2 1
graph of y a b is 25.
5 4
is y 1. The y-intercept
x
of the graph of y a b is 1
1
4
and for the graph of
1 x
y a b 1 is 0.
4
75. For h 0, the graph of 76. 1, 15
y 2x is translated 0 h 0 units
to the right. For h 0, the
graph of y 2x is translated
|h| units to the left. For k
0, the graph of y 2x is
translated 0k 0 units up. For
k 0, the graph of y 2x is
translated 0k 0 units down.

13
77. 1, 6 78. , 3
3
79. 0 x 3 or x 6 80. square root
81. greatest integer 82. constant

y
y8
O x
1 0
83. B R 84. does not exist
0 1
1 3 6
85. B R 86. about 23.94 cm
51 11 5
87. g [h(x)] 2x 6; 88. g [h(x)] x 2 6x 9;

h [g(x)] 2x 11 h [g(x)] x 2 3
89. g [h(x)] 2x 2;
h [g(x)] 2x 11

Lesson 10-2 Logarithms and Logarithmic Functions

Pages 535–538
1. Sample answer: x 5y and 2. They are inverses.

y log5 x
3. Scott; the value of a 4. log5 625 4
logarithmic equation, 9, is
the exponent of the
equivalent exponential
equation, and the base of
the logarithmic expression, 3,
is the base of the exponential
equation. Thus x 39 or
19,683.
1
5. log7 2 6. 34 81
49
1
7. 362 6 8. 4
9. 3 10. 21
11. 1 12. 27
1
13. 1000 14. x5
2
1
15. , 1 16. x 6
2
17. 3 18. 1013
19. 107.5 20. 105.5 or about 316,228 times
21. log8 512 3 22. log3 27 3
1
23. log5 3 24. log 31 9 2
125
1 1
25. log100 10 26. log2401 7
2 4
27. 53 125 28. 132 169

1 1
30. 1002
1
29. 41 10
4
1 2
32. a b
2
31. 83 4 25
5
33. 4 34. 2

1 5
35. 36.
2 2
37. 5 38. 4
39. 7 40. 45
41. n 5 42. 3x 2
43. 3 44. 2x
45. 1018.8 46. 1010.67
47. 81 48. c 256
49. 0 y 8 50. 125
51. 7 52. 0 p 1
53. x 24 54. 3
55. 4 56. 11
57. 2 58. 25
59. 5 60. y 3
61. a 3 62. 8
?
63. log5 25 2 log5 5 Original 64.
equation ?
2 ? log16 2 log2 16 1 Original
log5 5 2 log5 5 1
25 52
equation
and 5 51 1
?
log16 164 log2 24 1
1
? 2 164
2 2(1) Inverse
and 16 24
Prop. of
1 ?
Exp. and (4) 1 Inverse Prop.
Logarithms 4 of Exp. and
2 2✓ Simplify. Logarithms
1 1✓

65. 66a. y
?
log7 [log3 (log2 8)] 0 Original x
equation y ( 12 )
?
log7 [log3 (log2 23)] 0 8 23
O x
?
log7 (log3 3) 0 Inverse y log 1 x
Prop. of 2
Exp. and
Logarithms 66b. The graphs are reflections of
? each other over the line
log7 (log3 31) 0 3 31
y x.
?
log7 1 0 Inverse
Prop. of
Exp. and
Logarithms
?
log7 70 0 1 70
0 0✓ Inverse
Prop. of
Exp. and
Logarithms
67a. 68. 103 or 1000 times as great

y y log2(x 2)
y log2x 3
y log2(x 1)
O x
y log2x 4
67b. The graph of y log2 x 3

is the graph of y log2 x
translated 3 units up. The graph
of y log2 x 4 is the graph
of y log2 x translated 4 units
down. The graph of log2 (x 1)
is the graph of y log2 x
translated 1 unit to the right.
The graph of log2 (x 2) is
the graph of y log2 x
translated 2 units to the left.
69. 101.4 or about 25 times as great 70. 101.7 or about 50 times

71. 2 and 3; Sample answer: 5 72. All powers of 1 are 1, so the

is between 22 and 23. inverse of y 1x is not a
function.
73. A logarithmic scale illustrates 74. B
that values next to each other
vary by a factor of 10. Answers
• Pin drop: 1 100;
Whisper: 1 102; Normal
conversation: 1 106;
Kitchen noise: 1 1010;
Jet engine: 1 1012
•
Pin Whisper Normal Kitchen Jet
drop (4 feet) conversation noise engine
0 2 10 11 4 10 11 6 10 11 8 10 11 1 10 12
• On the scale shown above,

the sound of a pin drop and
the sound of normal
conversation appear not to
differ by much at all, when in
fact they do differ in terms of
the loudness we perceive.
The first scale shows this
difference more clearly.
75. D 76. x 216
77. b12 78.
14 7
79. 3, 80.
5 3
5 273 43
81. 82.
4 30y
6x 58
83. 84. $2400, CD; $1600, savings
(x 3)(x 3)(x 7)
85. x10 86. y 24
87. 8a6b 3 88. an6
x3
89. 90. 1
y 2z 3

Chapter 10
Practice Quiz 1
Page–538
1. growth 2. y 2(4)x
3
3. log4 4096 6 4. 92 27
4
5. 6. 15
3
3
7. 8. n 1
5
9. x 26 10. 3
Lesson 10-3 Properties of Logarithms

Pages 544–546
1. properties of exponents 2. Sample answer:

2log3 x log3 5; log3 5x 2
3. Umeko; Clemente incorrectly 4. 1.1402
applied the product and
quotient properties of
logarithms.
log7 6 log7 3 log7 (6
3)
or log7 18 Product Property of
Logarithms
log7 18 log7 2
log7 (18 2) or log7 9
Quotient Prop. of
Logarithms
5. 2.6310 6. 0.3690
7. 6 8. 2
9. 3 10. 4
B
11. pH 6.1 log10 12. 20:1
C
13. 1.3652 14. 1.2921
15. 0.2519 16. 0.2519
17. 2.4307 18. 2.1133
19. 0.4307 20. 0.0655
21. 2 22. 3
23. 4 24. 2
25. 14 26. 12
27. 2 28. 4
29. 30. 6
31. 10 32. 12
1x
x3 1
33. 34. 12
4 2
35. False; log2 (22 23) log2 12, 36.
log2 22 log2 23 2 3 or 5, ?
n logb x m logb x (n m)logb x
and log2 12 Z 5, since 25 Z 12.
?
logb x n logb x m (n m)logb x
Power Prop. of Logarithms
?
logb (x n x m) (n m)logb x
Product Prop. of Logarithms
?
logb (x nm) (n m)logb x
Product of Powers Prop.
(n m)logb x (n m)logb ✓
Power Prop. of Logarithms
C2
37. 2 38. E 1.4 log
C1
39. about 0.4214 kilocalories per 40. about 0.8429 kilocalories per
gram gram
41. 3 42. 3
43. About 95 decibels; 44. 5
L 10 log10 R, where L is the
loudness of the sound in
decibels and R is the relative
intensity of the sound. Since
the crowd increased by a
factor of 3, we assume that
the intensity also increases by
a factor of 3. Thus, we need
to find the loudness of 3R.

L 10 log10 3R
L 10 (log10 3 log10 R )
L 10 log103 10 log10 R
L 10(0.4771) 90
L 4.771 90 or about 95
45. 7.5 46. about 22
47. Let b x m and b y n. Then 48. Since logarithms are
logb m x and logb n y. exponents, the properties of
bx m logarithms are similar to the
properties of exponents. The
by n
m Product Property states that
b xy Quotient Prop.
n to multiply two powers that
m
logb b x y logb Prop. of have the same base, add the
n Equality for exponents. Similarly, the
Logarithmic logarithm of a product is the
Equations
sum of the logarithms of its
m
xy logb Inverse factors. The Quotient Property
n Prop. of
states that to divide two
Exp. and
Logarithms
powers that have the same
m base, subtract their
logb m logb n logb Replace x exponents. Similarly, the
n with log m
b
and y with logarithm of a quotient is the
logbn. difference of the logarithms of
the numerator and the
denominator. The Power
Property states that to find
the power of a power, multiply
the exponents. Similarly, the
logarithm of a power is the
product of the logarithm and
the exponent. Answers should
• Quotient Property:
Replace 32
25
a b a 3b
32
log2 log2 with 25 and 8
8 2 with 23.
Quotient of
log2 2(53) Powers
5 3 or 2 Inverse Prop.
of Exp. and
Logarithms

log2 32 log2 8 log2 25 log2 23

Replace 32 with
25 and 8 with 23.
5 3 or 2
Inverse Prop. of
Exp. and Logarithms
So, log2 a b
32
log2 32 log2 8
8
Power Property:
log3 94 log3 (32)4 Replace 9 with 32.
log3 3(24) Power of a Power
of Exp. and
Logarithms
4 log3 9 (log3 9) 4 Comm ( )
(log3 32) 4 Replace 9
with 32.
of Exp. and
Logarithms
So, log3 94 4 log3 9.
• The Product of Powers
Property and Product
Property of Logarithms
both involve the addition of
exponents, since
logarithms are exponents.
49. A 50. Let b x m, then logb m x.
(b x)p m p
b xp m p Product of Powers
logb b xp logb m p Prop. of Equality
for Logarithmic
Equations
xp logb m p Inverse Prop.
of Exp. and
Logarithms
plogb m logb m p Replace x
with logb m.
51. 4 52. 3
53. 2x 54. 6
55. 8 56. d 4
57. odd; 3 58. even; 4

3b
59. 60. 2
a
5
61. 62. 3.06 s
3x
63. 1 64. 5
5 3
65. x 66. x 2
3 4
Lesson 10-4 Common Logarithms

Pages 549–551
1. 10; common logarithms 2. Sample answer:

5x 2; x 0.4307
3. A calculator is not 4. 0.6021
programmed to find base
2 logarithms.
5. 1.3617 6. 0.3010
7. 1.7325 8. {n 0 n 0.4907}
9. 4.9824 10. 1.1615
11. 11.5665 12. {p 0 p 4.8188}
log 5 log 42
13. ; 0.8271 14. ; 3.4022
log 7 log 3
log 9
15. ; 3.1699 16. at most 0.00003 mole per
log 2
liter
17. 0.6990 18. 1.0792
19. 0.8573 20. 0.3617
21. 0.0969 22. 1.5229
23. 11 24. 2.2
25. 2.1 26. 3.5
27. {x 0 x 2.0860} 28. 2.4550
29. {a 0 a 1.1590} 30. 0.5537
31. 0.4341 32. 4.8362
33. 4.7820 34. 8.0086

35. 1.1909 36. 2.6281

37. {n 0 n 1.0178} 38. 1.0890
39. 3.7162 40. {p 0 p 1.9803}
41. 0.5873 42. 4.7095
43. 7.6377 44. 2.7674
log 13 log 20
45. 3.7004 46. 1.8614
log 2 log 5
log 3 log 8
47. 0.5646 48. 1.8928
log 7 log 3
2log 1.6 0.5 log 5
49. 0.6781 50. 0.4491
log 4 log 6
51. between 0.000000001 and 52. 8
0.000001 mole per liter
53. Sirius 54. Sirius: 1.45, Vega: 0.58
1
55. Vega 56a. 3;
3
3 2
56b. ;
2 3
1
56c. conjecture: loga b ;
logba
proof:
? 1
loga b Original statement
log b a
logb b ? 1 Change of Base
Formula
logb a logb a
1 1 Inverse Prop. of
✓ Exponents and
logb a logb a
Logarithms
57. about 3.75 yr or 3 yr 9 mo 58. about 11.64 yr or 11 yr, 8 mo

59. Comparisons between 60. A

substances of different
acidities are more easily
distinguished on a
logarithmic scale. Answers
• Sample answer:
Tomatoes: 6.3 105 mole
per liter
Milk: 3.98 107 mole per
liter
Eggs: 1.58 108 mole
per liter
• Those measurements
correspond to pH
measurements of 5 and 4,
indicating a weak acid and a
stronger acid. On the
logarithmic scale we can
see the difference in these
acids, whereas on a normal
scale, these hydrogen ion
concentrations would appear
nearly the same. For
someone who has to watch
the acidity of the foods they
eat, this could be the
difference between an
enjoyable meal and heartburn.
61. C 62. 1.4248
63. 1.6938 64. 1.8416
1
65. 64 66. z
64
67. 62 68. 22
69. (d 2)(3d 4) 70. (7p 3)(6q 5)
71. prime 72. 2x 3
73. 32 x 74. 53 125
75. log5 45 x 76. log7 x 3
77. logb x y

Lesson 10-5 Base e and Natural Logarithms

Pages 557–559
1. the number e 2. e x 8
3. Elsu; Colby tried to write 4. 403.4288
each side as a power of 10.
Since the base of the natural
logarithmic function is e, he
should have written each
side as a power of e;
10ln 4x Z 4x.
5. 0.0334 6. 0.1823
7. 2.3026 8. x ln 4
9. e0 1 10. 3
11. 5x 12. x 3.4012
13. 1.0986 14. 0.8047
15. 0 x 403.4288 16. 2.4630
P
17. 90.0171 18. h 26200 ln
101.3
19. about 15,066 ft 20. 54.5982
21. 148.4132 22. 0.3012
23. 1.6487 24. 1.0986
25. 2.3026 26. 1.6901
27. 3.5066 28. $183.21
29. about 49.5 cm 30. x ln 5
31. 2 ln 6x 32. e1 e
33. e x 5.2 34. 0.2
35. y 36. 4x
37. 45 38. 0.2877
39. 0.6931 40. x 1.5041
41. x 0.4700 42. 0.2747
43. 0.5973 44. x 0.6438
45. x 0.9730 46. 27.2991

47. 49.4711 48. 1.7183

49. 14.3891 50. 232.9197
51. 45.0086 52. 2, 6
53. 1 54. about 19.8 yr
100 ln 2
55. t 56. 100 ln 2 70
r
110
57. t 58. about 7.33 billion
r
59. about 55 yr 60. about 32 students
61. about 21 min 62. always;
log x ? In x
Original
log y In y statement
log x
logx ? log e Change of
log y Base Formula
logy
log e
log x ? log x log e

Multiply
log y log e log y
log x
by the
log e
reciprocal of
log y
.
log e
log x ? log x
Simplify.
log y log y
63. The number e is used in the 64. B
formula for continuously
compounded interest,
A Pe rt. Although no banks
actually pay interest
compounded continually, the
equation is so accurate in
computing the amount of
money for quarterly
compounding or daily
compounding, that it is often
used for this purpose.
following.

• If you know the annual

interest rate r and the
principal P, the value of
the account after t years is
calculated by multiplying P
times e raised to the r
times t power. Use a
calculator to find the value
of e rt.
• If you know the value A
you wish the account to
achieve, the principal P,
and the annual interest
rate r, the time t needed to
achieve this value is found
by first taking the natural
logarithm of A minus the
natural logarithm of P.
Then, divide this quantity
by r.
log 68
65. 1946, 1981, 2015; It takes 66. 3.0437
log 4
between 34 and 35 years for
the population to double.
log 0.047 log 23
67. 1.7065 68. 0.8015
log 6 log 50
69. 5 70. 4
71. inverse; 4 72. joint; 1

1 2
73. direct; 7 74. x y 5
20
75. 3.32 76. 1.54

77. 1.43 78. 323.49
79. 13.43 80. 9.32

Chapter 10
Practice Quiz 2
Page 559
log 5
1. ; 1.1610 2. e 2 3x
log 4
3. 3 4. x 5.3219
5. 1.3863
Lesson 10-6 Exponential Growth and Decay

Pages 563–565
1. y a(1 r)t, where r 0 2. Take the common logarithm

represents exponential of each side, use the Power
growth, and r 0 represents Property to write log (1 r)t
exponential decay. as t log(1 r), and then
divide each side by the
quantity log(1 r).
3. Sample answer: money in a 4. Decay; the exponent is
bank negative.
5. about 33.5 watts 6. about 402 days
7. y 212,000e0.025t 8. about 349,529 people
9. C 10. $1600
11. at most $108,484.93 12. about 8.1 days
13. No; the bone is only about 14. more than 44,000 years ago
21,000 years old, and
dinosaurs died out
63,000,000 years ago.
15. about 0.0347 16. y ae0.0347t
17. $12,565 billion 18. about 2025
19. after the year 2182 20. 4.7%

21. Never; theoretically, the 22. Answers should include the

amount left will always be following.
half of the previous amount. • Find the absolute value of
the difference between the
price of the car for two
consecutive years. Then
divide this difference by
the price of the car for the
earlier year.
• Find 1 minus the rate of
decrease in the value of
the car as a decimal.
Raise this value to the
number of years it has
been since the car was
purchased, and then
multiply by the original
value of the car.
23. about 19.5 yr 24. D
25. ln y 3 26. ln 29 4n 2
27. 4x 2 e8 28. 1.5323
29. p 3.3219 30. 9
0.5 (0.08 p) 0.5 (0.08 p) p
31. 32.
60
6 4
p
33. 34. hyperbola
150
35. ellipse 36. parabola
37. circle 38. 2.06 108
39. 8 107 40. about 38.8%

Chapter 11 Sequences and Series

Lesson 11-1 Arithmetic Sequences
Pages 580–582
1. The differences between the 2. 95
terms are not constant.
3. Sample answer: 1, 4, 9, 4. 24, 28, 32, 36
14, . . .
5. 3, 5, 7, 9 6. 5, 8, 11, 14, 17
7. 14, 12, 10, 8, 6 8. 43
9. 112 10. 79
11. 15 12. an 11n 37
13. 56, 68, 80 14. $12,000
15. 30, 37, 44, 51 16. 10, 3, 4, 11
17. 6, 10, 14, 18 18. 1, 4, 7, 10
7 11 13 12 8 6
19. , 3, , 20. , 2, ,
3 3 3 5 5 5
21. 5.5, 5.1, 4.7, 4.3 22. 8.8, 11.3, 13.8, 16.3
23. 2, 15, 28, 41, 54 24. 41, 46, 51, 56, 61
25. 6, 2, 2, 6, 10 26. 12, 9, 6, 3, 0
4 2 1 5 11 7 17
27. , 1, , , 0 28. , 1, , ,
3 3 3 8 8 4 8
29. 28 30. 49
31. 94 32. 175
33. 335 34. 340
26 25
35. 36.
3 2
37. 27 38. 47
39. 61 40. 173
41. 37.5 in. 42. 304 ft
43. 30th 44. 19th
45. 82nd 46. an 9n 2
47. an 7n 25 48. an 2n 1

49. 13, 17, 21 50. pn 4n 3
51. Yes; it corresponds to 52. 70, 85, 100

n 100.
53. 4, 2 54. 5, 2, 1, 4
55. 7, 11, 15, 19, 23 56. z 2y x
57. Arithmetic sequences can be 58. B
used to model the numbers
of shingles in the rows on a
section of roof. Answers
• One additional shingle is
needed in each
successive row.
• One method is to
successively add 1 to the
terms of the sequence: a8
9 1 or 10, a9 10 1
or 11, a10 11 1 or 12,
a11 12 1 or 13, a12
13 1 or 14, a13
14 1 or 15, a14 15 1
or 16, a15 16 1 or 17.
Another method is to use
the formula for the nth
term:
a15 3 (15 1)1 or 17.
59. B 60. about 26.7%
61. 0.4055 62. 0.4621

63. 146.4132 64. 15

65. 2, 5, 8, 11 66. 5, 4, 3, 2
67. 11, 15, 19, 23, 27
Lesson 11-2 Arithmetic Series

Pages 586–587
1. In a series, the terms are 2. Sample answer: 0 1 2

added. In a sequence, they 34
are not.
4
3. Sample answer: a (3n 4) 4. 1300
n1
5. 230 6. 1932
7. 552 8. 800
9. 260 10. 63
11. 95 12. 11, 20, 29
13. 6, 0, 6 14. 28
15. 344 16. 663
17. 1501 18. 2646
19. 9 20. 88
21. 104 22. 182
23. 714 24. 225
245
25. 14 26.
6
27. 10 rows 28. 8 days
29. 721 30. 735
31. 162 32. 204
33. 108 34. 35
35. 195 36. 510
37. 315,150 38. 24,300
39. 1,001,000 40. 166,833
41. 17, 26, 35 42. 13, 8, 3

43. 12, 9, 6 44. 13, 18, 23

45. 265 ft 46. True; for any series, 2a1
2a2 2a3 p 2an
2(a1 a2 a3 p an).
47. False; for example, 7 10 48. Arithmetic series can be
13 16 46, but 7 10 used to find the seating
13 16 19 22 25 capacity of an amphitheater.
28 140. Answers should include the
following.
• The sequence represents
the numbers of seats in
the rows. The sum of the
first n terms of the series
is the seating capacity of
the first n rows.
• One method is to write out
the terms and add them:
18 22 26 30 34
38 42 46 50 54
360. Another method is to
use the formula
n
Sn [2a1 (n 1)d ]:
2
10
S10 [2(18)
2
(10 1)4] or 360.
49. C 50. C
51. 5555 52. 3649
53. 6683 54. 111
55. 135 56. about 3.82 days
9 16
57. 58.
2 3
3 289
59. 60. 23
2
61. 26 221 62. 2 22
63. 16 64. 54
2
65.
27

Lesson 11-3 Geometric Sequences

Pages 590–592
1a. Geometric; the terms have 2. Sample answer:
a common ratio of 2. 2 4 8
1b. Arithmetic; the terms have a 1, , , , p
3 9 27
common difference of 3.
3. Marika; Lori divided in the 4. 67.5, 101.25
wrong order when finding r.
5. 2, 4 6. 2, 6, 18, 54, 162
15
7. 8. 56
64
9. 4 10. an 4 2n1
11. 3, 9 12. A
13. 15, 5 14. 192, 256
15. 54, 81 16. 48, 32
20 40 125 625
17. , 18. ,
27 81 24 48
19. 2.16, 2.592 20. 21.875, 54.6875
21. 2, 6, 18, 54, 162 22. 1, 4, 16, 64, 256
23. 243, 81, 27, 9, 3 24. 576, 288, 144, 72, 36
3
25. 26. 2592
16
27. 729 28. 1024
1
29. 243 30.
4
31. 1 32. 192
33. 78,125 34. 2
5
35. 8748 36.
72
37. 655.36 lb 38. $46,794.34
n1 n1
36 a b 40. an 64 a b
1 1
39. an
3 4
41. an 2(5)n 1 42. an 4(3)n 1

43. 18, 36, 72 44. 12, 36, 108

45. 16, 8, 4, 2 46. 6, 12, 24, 48
47. 8 days 48. 5 mg
49. False; the sequence 1, 4, 9, 50. False, the sequence 1, 1, 1,
16, p, for example, is 1, p, for example, is
neither arithmetic nor arithmetic (d 0) and
geometric. geometric (r 1).
51. The heights of the bounces 52. A
of a ball and the heights
from which a bouncing ball
falls each form geometric
sequences. Answers should
• 3, 1.8, 1.08, 0.648, 0.3888
• The common ratios are the
same, but the first terms
are different. The
sequence of heights from
which the ball falls is the
sequence of heights of the
bounces with the term 3
inserted at the beginning.
53. C 54. 632.5
55. 203 56. 19, 23
57. 12, 16, 20 58. 5 22 3 210 units
63
59. 127 60.
32
61
61.
81

Chapter 11
Practice Quiz 1
Page 592
11
1. 46 2.
2
3. 187 4. 816
5. 1
Lesson 11-4 Geometric Series

Pages 596–598
1. Sample answer: 2. The polynomial is a

1 geometric series with first
421
2 term 1, common ratio x, and
4 terms. The sum is
1(1 x 4) x4 1
.
1x x1
3. Sample answer: The first 4. 732

term is a1 2. Divide the
second term by the first to
find that the common ratio is
r 6. Therefore, the nth term
of the series is given by
2 6n1. There are five
terms, so the series can be
5
written as a 2 6n1.
n1
5. 39,063 6. 81,915
1330
7. 165 8.
9
31
9. 129 10.
4
1093
11. 12. 3
9
13. 3 14. 93 in. or 7 ft 9 in.

15. 728 16. 765
17. 1111 18. 300

19. 244 20. 1,328,600

21. 2101 22. 1441
728 215
23. 24.
3 4
25. 1040.984 26. 7.96875
27. 6564 28. 118,096
29. 1,747,625 30. $10,737,418.23
31. 3641 32. 206,668
5461 182
33. 34.
16 9
35. 2555 36. 364

387 58,975
37. 38.
4 256
39. 3,145,725 40. 86,093,440
41. 243 42. 1024
43. 2 44. 6
45. 80 46. 8
47. about 7.13 in. 48. If the first term and common
ratio of a geometric series
are integers, then all the
terms of the series are
integers. Therefore, the sum
of the series is an integer.
49. If the number of people that 50. A
each person sends the joke
to is constant, then the total
number of people who have
seen the joke is the sum of a
geometric series. Answers
• The common ratio would
change from 3 to 4.
• Increase the number of
days the joke circulates so
that it is inconvenient to
find and add all the terms
of the series.

51. C 52. 1,048,575

53. 3.99987793 54. 6.24999936
1 3 9 27 81
55. , , 9 56. 3, , ,
4 2 2 4 8
57. 232 58. 192

59. Drive-In Movie Screens 60. Sample answer using
1000 (1, 826) and (3, 750):
900 y 38x 864
Screens
800
700
600
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Years Since 1995
61. Sample answer: 294 62. 2

1
63. 2 64.
4
2
65. 66. 2
3
67. 0.6
Lesson 11-5 Infinite Geometric Series

Pages 602–604
n
a 2ba
1
1. Sample answer: 2. 0.999999 . . . can be written
n1 as the infinite geometric
9 9 9
series p.
10 100 1000
The first term of this series is
9
and the common ratio is
10
9
1 10
, so the sum is 1 or 1.
10 1 10

3. Beth; the common ratio for 4. 108

the infinite geometric series
is . Since ` ` 1, the
4 4
3 3
series does not have a sum
a
and the formula S 1
1r
does not apply.
5. does not exist 6. does not exist

3 30
7. 8.
4 7
5
9. 100 10.
9
73 175
11. 12.
99 999
13. 96 cm 14. 14
15. does not exist 16. 7.5
17. 45 18. 64
19. 16 20. does not exist
54
21. 22. 3
5
23. does not exist 24. 1
25. 1 26. 7.5
2
27. 28. 144
3
3
29. 30. 6
2
31. 2 32. 30 ft
33. 40 20 22 20 p 34. 80 40 22 or about
136.6 cm
35. 900 ft 36. 27, 18, 12
1 11 409
37. 75, 30, 12 38. 24, 16 , 11 , 7
2 32 512
1 7 64 7
39. 8, 3 , 1 , 40.
9
5 25 125

1 4
41. 42.
9 11
82 82
43. 44.
99 333
427 5
45. 46.
999 11
229
47. 48. S a1 a1r a1r 2 a1r 3 p
990
()rS a1r a1r 2 a1r 3 a1r 4 p
S rS a1 0 0 0 0 p
S(1 r ) a1
a1
S
1r
49. The total distance that a ball 50. D

bounces, both up and down,
can be found by adding the
sums of two infinite
geometric series. Answers
• an a1 r n1, Sn
a1(1 r n) a1
, or S
1r 1r
• The total distance the ball
falls is given by the infinite
geometric series 3
3(0.6) 3(0.6)2 p . The
sum of this series is
3
or 7.5. The total
1 0.6
distance the ball bounces
up is given by the infinite
geometric series 3(0.6)
3(0.6)2 3(0.6)3 p .
The sum of this series is
3(0.6)
or 4.5. Thus, the
1 0.6
total distance the ball travels
is 7.5 4.5 or 12 feet.
51. C 52. 182
8744
53. 54. 32.768%
81
3
55. 3 56.
2

2a 5b
57. x 5 58. 2
a b
x 7 3x 7
59. 60.
(x 3)(x 1) (x 4)(x 2)
61. (x 2)2 (y 4)2 36 62. (x 3)2 (y 1)2 32
1 3 7 1 1 1
63. , , 64. , , 0,
2 2 2 2 3 2
65. x 2 36 0 66. x 2 9x 14 0
67. x 2 10x 24 0 68. about 180,724 visitors per
year
69. The number of visitors was 70. 2
decreasing.
71. 3 72. 2
1
73. 74. 4
2
75. 4
Lesson 11-6 Recursion and Special Sequences

Pages 608–610
1. an an1 d; an r an1 2. Sample answer:

an 2an1 an2
3. Sometimes; if f(x) x 2 and 4. 12, 9, 6, 3, 0
x1 2, then x2 22 or 4, so
x2 x1. But, if x1 1, then
x2 1, so x2 x1.
5. 3, 2, 0, 3, 7 6. 0, 4, 4, 12, 20
7. 1, 2, 5, 14, 41 8. 5, 11, 29
9. 1, 3, 1 10. 3, 11, 123
11. bn 1.05bn1 10 12. $1172.41
13. 6, 3, 0, 3, 6 14. 13, 18, 23, 28, 33
15. 2, 1, 1, 4, 8 16. 6, 10, 15, 21, 28
17. 9, 14, 24, 44, 84 18. 4, 6, 12, 30, 84
19. 1, 5, 4, 9, 13 20. 4, 3, 5, 1, 9

7 7 7 7 7 3 3 15 25 425
21. , , , , 22. , , , ,
2 4 6 8 10 4 2 4 2 8
23. 67 24. 2.1
25. 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, . . . 26. the Fibonacci sequence
27. $99,921.21, $99,841.95, 28. 1, 3, 6, 10, 15
$99,762.21, $99,681.99,
$99,601.29, $99,520.11,
$99,438.44, $99,356.28
29. tn tn1 n 30. 20,100
31. 16, 142, 1276 32. 5, 17, 65
33. 7, 16, 43 34. 4, 19, 94
35. 3, 13, 333 36. 1, 1, 1
5 37 1445 4 10 76
37. , , 38. , ,
2 2 2 3 3 3
39. $75.77 40. No; according to the first two
iterates, f(4) 4. According
to the second and third
iterates, f(4) 7. Since f(x)
is a function, it cannot have
two values when x 4.
41. Under certain conditions, the 42. D
Fibonacci sequence can be
used to model the number of
shoots on a plant. Answers
• The 13th term of the
sequence is 233, so there
are 233 shoots on the plant
during the 13th month.
• The Fibonacci sequence is
not arithmetic because the
differences (0, 1, 1, 2, . . .)
of the terms are not
constant. The Fibonacci
sequence is not geometric
because the ratios
Q1, 2, , . . .R of the terms
3
2
are not constant.

43. C 44. 27
1 12
45. 46.
6 5
1093
47. 5208 48.
243
49. 3x 7 units 50. 120
51. 5040 52. 6
53. 20 54. 126
55. 210
Lesson 11-7 The Binomial Theorem

Pages 615–617
1. 1, 8, 28, 56, 70, 56, 28, 8, 1 2. n

3. Sample answer: (5x y)4 4. 40,320
5. 17,160 6. 66
7. p5 5p4q 10p3q 2 8. t 6 12t 5 60t 4
10p 2q 3 5pq 4 q 5 160t 3 240t 2 192t 64
9. x 4 12x 3y 54x 2y 2 10. 56a5b3
108xy 3 81y 4
11. 1,088,640a6b4 12. 10
13. 362,880 14. 6,227,020,800
15. 72 16. 210
17. 495 18. 2002
19. a 3 3a 2b 3ab 2 b 3 20. m4 4m 3n 6m 2n 2
4mn3 n4
21. r 8 8r 7s 28r 6s 2 22. m 5 5m 4a 10m 3a 2
56r 5s 3 70r 4s 4 10m 2a 3 5ma 4 a 5
56r 3s 5 28r 2s 6 8rs 7 s 8
23. x 5 15x 4 90x 3 24. a4 8a3 24a2 32a 16
270x 2 405x 243

25. 16b4 32b3x 26. 64a6 192a5b 240a4b 2

24b 2x 2 8bx 3 x 4 160a3b3 60a2b4
12ab5 b6
27. 243x 5 810x 4y 1080x 3y 2 28. 81x 4 216x 3y
720x 2y 3 240xy 4 32y 5 216x 2y 2 96xy 3 16y 4
a5 5a4
29. 5a3 30. 243 135m 30m 2
32 8
10m 3 5m 4 m5
20a2 40a 32
3 27 243
31. 27x 3 54x 2 36x 8 cm3 32. 1, 4, 6, 4, 1

33. 45 34. 126x 4y 5
35. 924x 6y 6 36. 280x 4
37. 5670a4 38. 1,088,640a6b4
35 4
39. 145,152x 6y 3 40. x
27
63 12! 12!
41. x 5 42. and represent the 6th
8 7!5! 6!6!
and 7th entries in the row for
n 12 in Pascal’s triangle.
13!
represents the seventh
7!6!
entry in the row for n 13.
13! 12!
Since is below and
7!6! 7!5!
12!
in Pascal’s triangle,
6!6!
12! 12! 13!
.
7!5! 6!6! 7!6!
43. The coefficients in a binomial 44. D
expansion give the numbers
of sequences of births
resulting in given numbers of
boys and girls. Answers
• (b g)5 b5 5b4g
10b 3g 2 10b 2g 3
5bg 4 g 5;

There is one sequence of

births with all 5 boys, five
sequences with 4 boys and
1 girl, ten sequences with
3 boys and 2 girls, ten
sequences with 2 boys and
3 girls, five sequences with
1 boy and 4 girls, and one
sequence with all 5 girls.
• The number of sequences
of births that have exactly
k girls in a family of n
children is the coefficient
of bnkgk in the expansion
of (b g)n. According to
the Binomial Theorem, this
n!
coefficient is .
(n k)!k!
45. C 46. 7, 5, 3, 1, 1
47. 3, 5, 9, 17, 33 48. 125 cm
log 5 1
49. ; 2.3219 50. ; 2.0959
log 2 log 3
log 8
51.
log 5
; 1.2920 52. asymptotes: x 2, x 3
53. asymptotes: x 4, x 1 54. hole: x 3

55. hyperbola 56. parabola
57. yes 58. no
1(1 1) 1(2) (1 1)(2 1 1)
59. True; or 1. 60. False;
2 2 2
2(3)
or 3.
2
12(1 1)2 1(4)
61. True; or 1. 62. True; 31 1 2, which is
4 4
even.

Chapter 11
Practice Quiz 2
Page 617
1. 1,328,600 2. 364
25
3. 24 4.
4
5. 1, 5, 13, 29, 61 6. 2, 4, 8, 14, 22
7. 5, 13, 41 8. 243x 5 405x 4y 270x 3y 2
90x 2y 3 15xy 4 y 5
9. a6 12a5 60a4 10. 4032a5b4
160a3 240a 2 192a 64
Lesson 11–8 Proof and Mathematical Induction

Pages 619–621
1. Sample answers: formulas 2. Mathematical induction is
for the sums of powers of the used to show that a
first n positive integers and statement is true. A counter
statements that expressions example is used to show that
involving exponents of n are a statement is false.
divisible by certain numbers
3. Sample answer: 3n 1 4. Step 1: When n 1, the left
side of the given equation is
1(1 1)
1. The right side is or
2
1, so the equation is true for
n 1.
Step 2: Assume 1 2
k(k 1)
3 p k for
2
some positive integer k.
Step 3: 1 2 3 p
k 1k 12
k(k 1)
(k 1)
2
k(k 1) 2(k 1)

2
(k 1) (k 2)

2

The last expression is the

right side of the equation to
be proved, where n k 1.
Thus, the equation is true for
n k 1.
Therefore, 1 2 3 p
n(n 1)
n for all
2
positive integers n.
5. Step 1: When n 1, the left 6. Step 1: 41 1 3, which is
side of the given equation is divisible by 3. The statement
1
. The right side is 1
1
or is true for n 1.
2 2 Step 2: Assume that 4k 1
1 is divisible by 3 for some
, so the equation is true for
2 positive integer k. This
n 1. means that 4k 1 3r for
1 1 some whole number r.
Step 2: Assume 2
2 2 Step 3: 4k 1 3r
1 1 1
3
p k 1 k for some 4k 3r 1
2 2 2
4k1 12r 4
positive integer k.
1 1
4k1 1 12r 3
Step 3: 2 4k1 1 314r 12
2 2
1 1
p k k1
1 Since r is a whole number,
23
2 2 4r 1 is a whole number.
1
1 k k1
1 Thus, 4k1 1 is divisible by
2 2 3, so the statement is true
2
1 k1 k1
1 for n k 1. Therefore,
2 2 4n 1 is divisible by 3 for all
1 positive integers n.
1 k1
2
n k 1.
1 1 1 1
Therefore, 2 3 p n
2 2 2 2
1
1 for all positive
2n
integers n.

7. Step 1: 51 3 8, which is 8. Sample answer: n 2

divisible by 4. The statement
is true for n 1.
Step 2: Assume that 5k 3
is divisible by 4 for some
positive integer k. This
means that 5k 3 4r for
some positive integer r.
Step 3: 5k 3 4r
5k 4r 3
5k1 20r 15
5k1 3 20r 12
5k1 3 415r 32
Since r is a positive integer,
5r 3 is a positive integer.
Thus, 5k1 3 is divisible by
4, so the statement is true
for n k 1.
Therefore, 5n 3 is divisible
by 4 for all positive integers n.
9. Sample answer: n 3 10. Step 1: After the first guest
has arrived, no handshakes
1(1 1)
have taken place. 0,
2
so the formula is correct for
n 1.
Step 2: Assume that after k
guests have arrived, a total
k(k 1)
of handshakes have
2
take place, for some positive
integer k.
Step 3: When the (k 1)st
guest arrives, he or she
shakes hands with the k
guests already there, so the
total number of handshakes
that have then taken place is
k(k 1)
k.
2

k(k 1) k(k 1) 2k
k
2 2
k [(k 1) 2]

2
k (k 1) (k 1)k
or
2 2
formula to be proved, where
n k 1. Thus, the formula
is true for n k 1.
Therefore, the total number
n(n 1)
of handshakes is for
2
all positive integers n.
11. Step 1: When n 1, the left 12. Step 1: When n 1, the left
side of the given equation is side of the given equation is
1. The right side is 1[2(1) 1] 1[3(1) 1]
2. The right side is
or 1, so the equation is true 2
for n 1. or 2, so the equation is true
Step 2: Assume 1 5 9 for n 1.
p (4k 3) Step 2: Assume 2 5
k(3k 1)
k (2k 1) for some positive 8 p (3k 1)
2
integer k.
for some positive integer k.
Step 3: 1 5 9 p
Step 3: 2 5 8 p
(4k 3) [4(k 1) 3]
(3k 1) [3(k 1) 1]
k (2k 1)
k(3k 1)
[4(k 1) 3] [3(k 1) 1]
2
2k 2 k 4k 4 3
k(3k 1) 2[3(k 1) 1]
2k 2 3k 1
2
(k 1)(2k 1)
3k k 6k 6 2
2
(k 1)[2(k 1) 1]
2
3k 2 7k 4
2
(k 1)(3k 4)
n k 1. 2
(k 1)[3(k 1) 1]
Therefore, 1 5 9 p
(4n 3) n(2n 1) for all 2


n k 1.
Therefore, 2 5 8 p
n(3n 1)
(3n 1) for all
2
13 or 1. The right side is 12 or 1. The right side is
12(1 1)2 1[2(1) 1][2(1) 1]
or 1, so the or 1, so
4 3
equation is true for n 1. the equation is true for
Step 2: Assume 13 23 n 1.
k 2 1k 12 2 Step 2: Assume
33 p k 3 for
4 12 32 52 p (2k 1)2
some positive integer k.
k (2k 1)(2k 1)
Step 3: 13 2 3 33 p for some
3
k 3 (k 1)3 positive integer k.
k 2(k 1)2 Step 3:
(k 1)3
4 12 32 52 p
k 2(k 1)2 4(k 1)3
(2k 1)2 [2(k 1) 1]2
4
k(2k 1)(2k 1)
(k 1) [k 4(k 1)]
2 2
3
4
[2(k 1) 1]2
(k 1) (k 4k 4)
2 2
k(2k 1)(2k 1) 3(2k 1)2
4
3
(k 1) (k 2)2
2
(2k 1)[k (2k 1) 3(2k 1)]
4
3
(k 1) [(k 1) 1]2
2
(2k 1)(2k k 6k 3)
2
4
3
The last expression is the (2k 1)(2k 5k 3)
2
3
be proved, where n k 1. (2k 1)(k 1)(2k 3)
3
n k 1. (k 1)[2(k 1) 1][2(k 1) 1]

3

Therefore, 13 23 33 p The last expression is the

n (n 1)
2 2 right side of the equation to
n3 for all be proved, where n k 1.
4
positive integers n. Thus, the equation is true for
n k 1. Therefore,
12 32 52 p
n(2n 1)(2n 1)
(2n 1)2
3
for all positive integers n.
. The right side is a1 b The right side is a1 b
1 1 1 1 1 1
.
3 2 3 4 3 4
1 1
or , so the equation is true or , so the equation is true
3 4
for n 1. for n 1.
1 1 1 1 1
Step 2: Assume 2 2 Step 2: Assume 2
3 3 3 4 4
a1 kb for
1 1 1
a1 kb
1 1 1 1
p some p
3k 2 3 43 4k 3 4
positive integer k. for some positive integer k.
1 1 1 1 1 1
Step 3: p Step 3: p
3 32 33 4 42 43
1 1
1

1 k 1
3k 3k 1 4k 4
a1 kb k 1
1 1 1
a2 kb k 1
1 1 1
3 4 4
2 3 3
1 1 1

1

1 1
k k 1
k k 1
2 23 3 3 34 4
3k 1 3 2 4k 1 4 3

2 3k 1 3 4k 1
3k 1 1 4k 1 1

2 3k 1 3 4k 1
1 4k 1 1

1 3k 1 1
a b a b
2 3k 1 3 4k 1
a1 k 1b
1 1
a1 b
1 1
2 3k 1 3 4

The last expression is the The last expression is the

right side of the equation to right side of the equation to
be proved, where n k 1. be proved, where n k 1.
Thus, the equation is true for Thus, the equation is true for
n k 1. n k 1.
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 Therefore, 2 3 p n
Therefore, 2 3p n 4 4 4 4
3 3 3 3
a1 b
1 1
for all positive
a1 b for all positive
1 1
3 4n
2 3n
integers n.
integers n.
17. Step 1: 81 1 7, which is 18. Step 1: 91 1 8, which is
divisible by 7. The statement divisible by 8. The statement
is true for n 1. is true for n 1.
Step 2: Assume that 8k 1 Step 2: Assume that 9k 1
is divisible by 7 for some is divisible by 8 for some
positive integer k. This positive integer k. This
means that 8k 1 7r for means that 9k 1 8r for
some whole number r. some whole number r.
Step 3: 8k 1 7r Step 3: 9k 1 8r
8k 7r 1 9k 8r 1
8k 1 56r 8 9k1 72r 9
8k1 1 56r 7 9k1 1 72r 8
8k 1 1 7(8r 1) 9k1 1 8(9r 1)
Since r is a whole number, Since r is a whole number,
8r 1 is a whole number. 9r 1 is a whole number.
Thus, 8k1 1 is divisible by Thus, 9k 1 1 is divisible
7, so the statement is true by 8, so the statement is true
for n k 1. for n k 1.
Therefore, 8n 1 is divisible Therefore, 9n 1 is divisible
by 7 for all positive integers n. by 8 for all positive integers n.
19. Step 1: 121 10 22, 20. Step 1: 131 11 24,

which is divisible by 11. The which is divisible by 12. The
statement is true for n 1. statement is true for n 1.
Step 2: Assume that 12k 10 Step 2: Assume that 13k 11
is divisible by 11 for some is divisible by 12 for some
positive integer k. This positive integer k. This
means that 12k 10 11r means that 13k 11 12r
for some positive integer r.
for some positive integer r.

Step 3: Step 3:
12k 10 11r 13k 11 12r
12k 11r 10 13k 12r 11
12k1 132r 120 13k 1 156r 143
12k1 10 132r 110 13k 1 11 156r 132
12k1 10 11(12r 10) 13k 1 11 12(13r 11)
Since r is a positive integer, Since r is a positive integer,
12r 10 is a positive 13r 11 is a positive
integer. Thus, 12k 1 10 is integer. Thus, 13k1 11 is
divisible by 11, so the divisible by 12, so the
statement is true for statement is true for
n k 1.
n k 1.
Therefore, 12n 10 is
divisible by 11 for all positive Therefore, 13n 11 is
integers n. divisible by 12 for all positive
integers n.
21. Step 1: There are 6 bricks in 22. Step 1: When n 1, the left
the top row, and 12 5(1) side of the given equation is
a1. The right side is a1(1 r )
1
6, so the formula is true for
n 1. 1r
Step 2: Assume that there or a1, so the equation is true
are k 2 5k bricks in the top for n 1.
k rows for some positive Step 2: Assume a1 a1r
integer k. a1r 2 p a1r k1
Step 3: Since each row has
a1(1 r k )
2 more bricks than the one for some positive
above, the numbers of bricks 1r
in the rows form an integer k.
arithmetic sequence. The Step 3: a1 a1r
number of bricks in the a1r 2 p a1r k1 a1r k
(k 1)st row is a1(1 r k)
a1r k
6 [(k 1) 1](2) or 1r
a1(1 r k ) (1 r )a1r k
2k 6. Then the number of
1r
bricks in the top k 1 rows
a1 a1r a1r k a1r k 1
k
is k 2 5k (2k 6) or
1r
k 2 7k 6. a1(1 r 1)
k
k 2 7k 6 (k 1)2
1r
5(k 1), which is the The last expression is the
formula to be proved, where right side of the equation to
n k 1. Thus, the formula be proved, where n k 1.
is true for n k 1.

Therefore, the number of Thus, the equation is true for

bricks in the top n rows is n k 1.
n 2 5n for all positive Therefore, a1 a1r
integers n. a1r 2 p a1r n1
a1(1 r n )
for all positive
1r
integers n.
23. Step 1: When n 1, the left 24. Step 1: The figure shows
side of the given equation is how to cover a 21 by 21
1 board, so the statement is
a1. The right side is [2a1
2 true for n 1.
(1 1)d ] or a1, so the
equation is true for n 1.
Step 2: Assume a1
(a1 d ) (a1 2d 2 p
[a1 (k 1)d ]
k
[2a1 (k 1)d ] for Step 2: Assume that a 2k by
2
some positive integer k. 2k board can be covered for
Step 3: a1 (a1 d ) some positive integer k.
(a1 2d ) p [a1
(k 1)d ]
[a1 (k 1 1)d ]
k
[2a1 (k 1)d ]
2
[a1 (k 1 1)d ]
k
[2a1 (k 1)d ]
2
a1 kd
k [2a1 (k 1)d ] 2(a1 kd )

2
Step 3: Divide a 2k1 by
k 2a1 (k k)d 2a1 2kd
2
2k1 board into four
2
quadrants. By the inductive
(k 1)2a1 (k 2 k 2k)d
hypothesis, the first quadrant
2
(k 1)2a1 k(k 1)d
can be covered. Rotate the
design that covers Quadrant
2
k1
I 90
clockwise and use it to
(2a1 kd ) cover Quadrant II. Use the
2
k1 design that covers Quadrant
[2a1 (k 1 1)d ] I to cover Quadrant III.
2

The last expression is the Rotate the design that covers

right side of the formula to Quadrant I 90
be proved, where n k 1. counterclockwise and use it

Thus, the formula is true for to cover Quadrant IV. This
n k 1. leaves three empty squares
Therefore, a1 (a1 d ) near the center of the board,
(a1 2d ) p [a1 as shown. Use one more
n L-shaped tile to cover these
(n 1)d ] [2a1 (n 1)d ]
2 3 squares. Thus, a 2k1 by
for all positive integers n. 2k1 board can be covered.
The statement is true for
n k 1.
Therefore, a 2n by 2n
checkerboard with the top
right square missing can be
covered for all positive
integers n.
25. Sample answer: n 3 26. Sample answer: n 4
31. Write 7n as (6 1)n. Then 32. An analogy can be made
use the Binomial Theorem. between mathematical
7n 1 (6 1)n 1 induction and a ladder with
n(n 1)
the positive integers on the
6n n 6n1 steps. Answers should
2
6n2 p n 6 1 1 • Showing that the
n(n 1)
6n n 6n1 statement is true for
2 n 1 (Step 1).
6n2 p n 6 • Assuming that the
Since each term in the last statement is true for some
expression is divisible by 6, positive integer k and
the whole expression is showing that it is true for
divisible by 6. Thus, 7n 1 k 1 (Steps 2 and 3).
is divisible by 6.
33. C 34. A
35. x 6 6x 5y 15x 4y 2 36. a7 7a6b 21a5b 2
20x 3y 3 15x 2y 4 6xy 5 y 6 35a4b3 35a3b4
21a 2b 5 7ab6 b7

37. 256x 8 1024x 7y 38. 4, 10, 28

1792x 6y 2 1792x 5y 3
1120x 4y 4 448x 3y 5
112x 2y 6 16xy 7 y 8
39. 2, 14, 782 40. 12 h
41. 0, 1 42. 14

Chapter 12 Probability and Statistics

Lesson 12-1 The Counting Principle
Pages 634–637
1. HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, 2. Sample answer: buying a

THT, TTH, TTT shirt that comes in 3 sizes
and 6 colors
3. The available colors for the 4. independent
car could be different from
those for the truck.
5. dependent 6. 30
7. 256 8. 20
9. D 10. dependent
11. independent 12. independent
13. dependent 14. 6
15. 16 16. 6
17. 30 18. 48
19. 1024 20. 240
21. 10,080 22. 151,200
23. 362,880 24. 17
25. 27,216 26. 160
27. 800 28. See students’ work.

29. The maximum number of 30. A

license plates is a product
with factors of 26s and 10s,
depending on how many
letters are used and how
many digits are used.
following.
• There are 26 choices for
the first letter, 26 for the
second, and 26 for the
third. There are 10 choices
for the first number, 10 for
the second, and 10 for the
third. By the Fundamental
Counting Principle, there
are 263 103 or 17,576,000
possible license plates.
• Replace positions containing
numbers with letters.
31. C 32. 45
33. 20 mi 34. Step 1: When n 1, the left
side of the given equation is
1[3(1) 5]
4. The right side is
2
or 4, so the equation is true
for n 1.
Step 2: Assume 4 7 10
k(3k 5)
p (3k 1)
2
for some positive integer k.
Step 3: 4 7 10 p
(3k 1) [3(k 1) 1]
k(3k 5)
[3(k 1) 1]
2
k(3k 5) 2[3(k 1) 1]

2
3k 5k 6k 6 2
2

2
3k 11k 8
2

2

(k 1)(3k 8)

2
(k 1)[3(k 1) 5]

2
n k 1.
Therefore, 4 7 10 p
n(3n 5)
(3n 1)
2
for all positive integers n.
35. 28x 6 y 2 36. 280a3b4
37. 7 38. 5
1
39.
2
40. 1
x
41. 42. 36 mi
x 5y
43. 1, 2 44. 0, 2
45. y (x 3)2 2 46. y 2(x 1)2 4
1
47. y x 2 8 48. 4
2
49. 3 50. 4
1 11 1 1 5
51. B R 52. B R
7 4 3 6 2 4
53. no inverse exists 54. y 2x 2
2 1
55. y x 56. 60
3 3
57. 30 58. 840
59. 720 60. 6
61. 15 62. 56
63. 1

Lesson 12-2 Permutations and Combinations

Pages 641–643
1. Sample answer: There are 2. C (n, n r)
six people in a contest. How n!
many ways can the first,
[n (n r )]!(n r )!
second, and third prizes be n!
awarded?
r !(n r )!
n!

(n r )!r !
C(n, r )
3. Sometimes; the statement is 4. 60
only true when r 1.
5. 120 6. 6
7. 6 8. combination; 15
9. permutation; 5040 10. permutation; 90,720
11. 84 12. 56
13. 9 14. 2520
15. 665,280 16. 10
17. 70 18. 792
19. 210 20. 27,720
21. 1260 22. permutation; 5040
23. combination; 28 24. permutation; 2520
25. permutation; 120 26. combination; 220
29. combination; 455 30. 11,880
31. 60 32. 75,287,520
33. 111,540 34. 267,696
35. 80,089,128 36. 528

37. C (n 1,r ) C (n 1, r 1) 38. Permutations and

(n 1)! combinations can be used to
find the number of different
(n 1 r )!r !
(n 1)! lineups. Answers should
[n 1 (r 1)] !(r 1)! include the following.
(n 1)! • There are 9! different
9-person lineups available:
(n r 1 )!r !
(n 1)! 9 choices for the first
(n r )! (r 1)! player, 8 choices for the
(n 1)! nr
second player, 7 for the
third player, and so on.
(n r 1)!r ! n r
So, there are 362,880
(n 1)! r
different lineups.
(n r )!(r 1)! r
• There are C(16, 9) ways to
(n 1)!(n r ) (n 1)!r
choose 9 players from
(n r )!r ! (n r )!r ! 16!
(n 1)!(n r r ) 16: C (16, 9) or
7!9!
(n r )!r ! 11,440.
(n 1)!n

(n r )!r !
n!

(n r )!r !
C(n, r )
39. D 40. A
41. 24 42. 6
43. 120 44. 8
45. 80 46. Sample answer: n 3
47. Sample answer: n 2 48. 1.0986
49. x 0.8047 50. 21.0855
51. 20 days x2 y2
52. 1
16 9
(y 4)2 (x 4) 2
53. 1 7 53
9 4 54. ;
2 2
55. 4; 128 56. {4, 4}
58. e 3, f
1
57. {2, 5}
3
59. 822 60. 0 x 3 0 y 3 23

61. 425 62. (1, 3)

4
63. (0, 2) 64.
3
6
65. 66. 0
7
67. {7, 15} 68.
3 1
69. 70.
5 2
1 1
71. 72.
5 3
Lesson 12-3 Probability

Pages 647–650
3
1. Sample answer: The event 2.
5
July comes before June has
a probability of 0. The event
June comes before July has
a probability of 1.
1
3. There are 6 6 or 36 4.
7
possible outcomes for the
two dice. Only 1 outcome, 1
and 1, results in a sum of 2,
1
so P(2) . There are 2
36
outcomes, 1 and 2 as well as
2 and 1, that result in a sum
2 1
of 3, so P(3) or .
36 18
2 4
5. 6.
7 7
7. 8:1 8. 1:5
6
9. 2:7 10.
11
10 2
11. 12.
11 7
1 3
13. 14.
8 8

1 21
15. 16.
10 50
2 1
17. 18.
25 50
6 21
19. 20.
55 55
28 14
21. 22.
55 575
11 7
23. 24.
115 115
6 132
25. 26.
115 575
24 6
27. 28.
115 115
1
29. 0 30.
22,957,480
31. 0.007 32. 0.623
33. 0.109 34. 1:1
35. 3:5 36. 11:1
37. 5:3 38. 4:3
39. 1:4 40. 4:7
6
41. 3:1 42.
7
3 5
43. 44.
10 11
4 9
45. 46.
9 17
1 7
47. 48.
9 16
3 1
49. 50.
5 10
51. 2:23 52. 1:999
540
53. 1:4 54.
1771

1 9
55. 56.
20 20
9 1
57. 58.
20 20
9 9
59. 60.
20 20
1 1
61. 62.
120
63. Probability and odds are 64. C

good tools for assessing risk.
following.
• P(struck by lightning)
s 1
, so
sf 750,000
odds 1:(750,000 1) or
1:749,999. P(surviving a
lightning strike)
s 3
, so odds
sf 4
3:(4 3) or 3 :1.
• In this case, success is
being struck by lightning
or surviving the lightning
strike. Failure is not being
struck by lightning or not
surviving the lightning
strike.
1
65. D 66. theoretical;
36
1
67. experimental; about 0.307 68. experimental;
5
1
69. theoretical; 70. permutation; 120
17
73. 16 74. 24
75. direct variation 76. square root
77. (4, 4) 78. (1, 3)

6 3
79. 80.
35 14
1 2
81. 82.
4 21
9
83.
20
Chapter 12
Practice Quiz 1
Page 650
1. 24 2. 756
3. 18,720 4. 1320
5. 56 6. permutation; 40,320
1
7. combination; 20,358,520 8.
221
13 8
9. 10.
102 663
Lesson 12-4 Multiplying Probabilities

Pages 654–657
1. Sample answer: putting on 2. P(A, B, C, and D)

your socks, and then your P(A) P(B) P(C) P(D)
shoes
1
3. Mario; the probabilities of 4.
36
rolling a 4 and rolling a 2 are
1
both .
6
1 1
5. 6.
4 17
4 7
7. 8.
663 30
1 1
9. 10.
4 16

21 1
11. dependent; 12. independent;
220 36
1 1
13. 14.
12 36
25 1
15. 16.
36 36
1 1
17. 18.
6 6
5 1
19. 20.
6 42
1 25
21. 22.
49 49
10
23. 24. 0
21
1
25. 0 26.
15
2 1
27. 28.
15 10
2 3
29. 30. dependent;
15 28
25 168
31. independent; 32. independent;
81 4913
1 1
33. dependent; 34. independent;
21 32
81 1 First Spin Second Spin
35. dependent; 36. R
2401 9
R B
1 1 1 Y
P(R,B) 3 3 or 9
R
B B
Y
R
Y B
Y

1
37. First Spin 38.
3
Blue Yellow Red
1 1 1
3 3 3
Blue BB BY BR
1 1 1 1
3 9 9 9
Yellow YB YY YR
Second 1 1 1 1
Spin
3 9 9 9
Red RB RY RR
1 1 1 1
3 9 9 9
1 1
39. 40.
9 635,013,559,600
19 1
41. 42.
1,160,054 158,753,389,900
99 4
44. a b
6327
43. or about 0.96
20,825 100
1
45. about 4.87% 46.
1320
47. no 48. no
49. Sample answer: As the 50. 21
number of trials increases,
the results become more
reliable. However, you
cannot be absolutely certain
that there are no black
marbles in the bag without
looking at all of the marbles.
51. Probability can be used to 52. D
analyze the chances of a
player making 0, 1, or 2 free
throws when he or she goes
to the foul line to shoot 2
free throws. Answers should

• One of the decimals in the

table could be used as the
value of p, the probability
that a player makes a
given free throw. The
probability that a player
misses both free throws is
(1 p)(1 p) or (1 p) 2.
The probability that a
player makes both free
throws is p p or p 2.
Since the sum of the
probabilities of all the
possible outcomes is 1, the
probability that a player
makes exactly 1 of the 2
free throws is
1 (1 p) 2 p 2 or
2p (1 p).
• The result of the first free
throw could affect the
player’s confidence on the
second free throw. For
example, if the player
makes the first free throw,
the probability of making
the second free throw
might increase. Or, if the
player misses the first free
throw, the probability of
making the second free
throw might decrease.
1
53. C 54.
204
3
55. 1
340 56.
119
57. 1440 ways
58. 6
59. 36
60. x 2 4x 2

61. x, x 4 62. y
O x
y x2 x 2
63. y 64. y
O x O x
y x 2 3x
y x2 4
65. 153 66. 9

67. 0 b 0 68. 5a 4 0 b 3 0
69. (1, 2) 70. (13, 9)
2
71. (2, 4) 72.
3
5 5
73. 74.
6 4
11 1
75. 76. 1
12 6
5
77. 1
12

Lesson 12-5 Adding Probabilities

Pages 660–663
1. Sample answer: mutually 2.

exclusive events: tossing a French and Algebra
coin and rolling a die;
inclusive events: drawing a 7
and a diamond from a French
400
Algebra
standard deck of cards 150 300
1
3. The events are not mutually 4.
3
exclusive, so the chance of
rain is less than 100%.
1 1
5. 6.
3 3
1 5
7. 8.
2 6
2 2
9. 10. mutually exclusive;
3 13
4 13
11. inclusive; 12.
13 16
1
13. 1 14.
6
25 37
15. 16.
42 42
35 105
17. 18.
143 143
3 84
19. 20.
143 143
38 32
21. 22.
143 39
7 1
23. mutually exclusive; 24. inclusive;
9 2
21 4
25. inclusive; 26. mutually exclusive;
34 13

4 2
27. 28.
13 3
55 11
29. 30.
221 221
188 63
31. 32.
663 221
1 1
33. 34.
8 8
1 3
35. 36.
4 4
1 145
37. 38.
780 156
9 1
39. 40.
130 26
11 1
41. 42.
780 78
3 53
43. 44.
5 108
17 17
45. 46.
27 162

47. Subtracting P(A and B) from 48. Probability can be used to

each side and adding P (A or estimate the percents of
B) to each side results in the people who do the same
equation P (A or B) P(A) things before going to bed.
P(B) P(A and B). This is Answers should include the
the equation for the following.
probability of inclusive • The events are inclusive
events. If A and B are because some people
mutually exclusive, then P (A brush their teeth and set
and B) 0, so the equation their alarm. Also, you know
simplifies to P(A or B) that the events are
P(A) P(B), which is the inclusive because the sum
equation for the probability of of the percents is not
mutually exclusive events. 100%.
Therefore, the equation is • According to the
correct in either case. information in the text and
the table, P (read book)
38
and P (brush teeth)
100
81
. Since the events
100
are inclusive, P (read book
and brush teeth) P (read
book) P (brush teeth)
P (read book and brush
38 81
teeth)
100 100
1200 59
.
2000 100
49. C 50. A
1 125
51. 52.
216 216
1 1
53. 54.
216 8
55. 4:1 56. 1:8
57. 2:5 58. 5:3
59. 254 60. 24
61. (8, 10) 62. (12, 5)
63. (x 1)2(x 1)(x 2 1) 64. min: (0, 5);
max: (1.33, 3.81)

65. min: (0.42, 0.62); 66. y

max: (1.58, 1.38)
O x
(0, 2), (2, 0), (0, 2);

max: f(2, 0) 6;
min: f (0, 2) 2
67. y 68. d 12.79t
O x
(1, 3), (1, 1), (3, 3), (3, 5);

max: f(3, 5) 23;
min: f (1, 1) 3
69. direct variation 70. 323.4, 298, no mode, 143
71. 35.4, 34, no mode, 72 72. 3.6, 3.45, 2.1, 3.6
73. 63.75, 65, 50 and 65, 30 74. 79.83, 89, 89, 57
75. 12.98, 12.9, no mode, 4.7
Lesson 12-6 Statistical Measures

Pages 666–670
1. Sample answer: 2. Sample answer: The variance

{10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10} of the set {0, 1} is 0.25 and
the standard deviation is 0.5.
n
1
3. a (xi x )2 4. 40, 6.3
B n i1
5. 8.2, 2.9 6. 424.3, 20.6

7. $7300.50, $5335.25 8. The mean is more

representative for the
southwest central states
because the data for the
Pacific states contains the
most extreme value,
$10,650.
9. 2500, 50 10. 1.6, 1.3
11. 3.1, 1.7 12. 4.8, 2.2
13. 37,691.2, 194.1 14. 569.4, 23.9
15. 82.9, 9.1 16. 43.6, 6.6
17. 114.5, 105, 23 18. The mean and median both
seem to represent the center
of the data.
19. Mean; it is highest. 20. Mode; it is lower and is what
most employees make. It
reflects the most
representative worker.
21. $1047.88, $1049.50, $695 22. Mode; it is the least
expensive price.
23. Mean or median; they are 24. 2,290,403; 2,150,000;
nearly equal and are more 2,000,000
representative of the prices
than the mode.
25. Mode; it is lowest. 26. Mean; it is highest.
27. 19.3 28. 28.9
29. 19.5 30. Washington; see students’
work.
31. 59.8, 7.7 32. 64%
33. 100% 34. Different scales are used on
the vertical axes.

35. Sample answer: The first 36. Sample answer: The second
graph might be used by a graph might be shown by the
sales manager to show a company owner to a
salesperson that he or she prospective buyer of the
does not deserve a big raise. company. It looks like there
It appears that sales are is a dramatic rise in sales.
steady but not increasing fast
enough to warrant a big
raise.
37. A: 2.5, 2.5, 0.7, 0.8; B: 2.5, 38. The first histogram is lower
2.5, 1.1, 1.0 in the middle and higher on
the ends, so it represents
data that are more spread
out. Since set B has the
greater standard deviation,
set B corresponds to the first
histogram and set A
corresponds to the second.
39. The statistic(s) that best 40. A
represent a set of test scores
depends on the distribution of
the particular set of scores.
following.
• mean, 73.9; median, 76.5;
mode, 94
• The mode is not
representative at all
because it is the highest
score. The median is more
representative than the
mean because it is
influenced less than the
mean by the two very low
scores of 34 and 19.
41. D 42. 3
43. 1.9 44. The mean deviations would
be greater for the greater
standard deviation and lower
for the groups of data that
have the smaller standard
deviation.
4 3
45. inclusive; 46. mutually exclusive;
13 7
1 4
47. 48.
169 663
13 1
49. 50.
204 16
51. 10, 92; 10, 21062;

9
5 52. 3
53. 17 54. 2
55. 12 cm3 56. 14, 62
57. (1, 5) 58. (3, 5)
59. 136 60. 340
61. 380 62. 475
63. 396 64. 495
Chapter 12
Practice Quiz 2
Page 670
3 1
1. 2.
20 6
2 1
3. 4.
9 4
1 2
5. 6.
6 3
3
7. 8. 6.6, 2.6
4
9. 23.6, 4.9 10. 134.0, 11.6

Lesson 12-7 The Normal Distribution

Pages 673–675
1. Sample answer: 2. The mean of the three

graphs is the same, but the
standard deviations are
different. The first graph has
the least standard deviation,
the standard deviation of the
middle graph is slightly
greater, and the standard
the use of cassettes since deviation of the last graph is
CDs were introduced greatest.
3. Since 99% of the data is 4. normally distributed

within 3 standard deviations
of the mean, 1% of the data
is more than 3 standard
deviations from the mean. By
symmetry, half of this, or
0.5%, is more than 3 standard
deviations above the mean.
5. 68% 6. 13.5%
7. 95% 8. 6800
9. 250 10. 1600
11. 81.5% 12. positively skewed
13. normally distributed 14. Negatively skewed; the
histogram is high at the right
and has a tail to the left.
15. 68% 16. 34%
17. 0.5% 18. 16%
19. 50% 20. 50%
21. 95% 22. 50%
23. 815 24. 25
25. 16% 26. 652
27. The mean would increase by 28. If a large enough group of
25; the standard deviation athletes is studied, some of
would not change; and the the characteristics may be

graph would be translated 25 normally distributed; others

units to the right. may have skewed
distributions. Answers should
•
10
Frequency
6
0
67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
Height (in.)
• Since the histogram has two

peaks, the data may not be
normally distributed. This
may be due to players who
play certain positions
tending to be of similar large
sizes while players who play
the other positions tend to
be of similar smaller sizes.
29. A 30. D
31. 17.5, 4.2 32. 42.5, 6.5
2 4
33. 34.
13 13
4
35. 36. 5, 0, 1
13
37. 3, 2, 4 38. 1, 1
1
39. , 1 40. y
4
50
2 1 O 1 2t
50
100 y 216t 2 53
about 45 min
41. 0.76 h 42. 21a 5b 2
43. 56c 5d 3 44. 126x 5y 4
Lesson 12-8 Binomial Experiments

Pages 678–680
1. Sample answer: In a 5-card 2. RRRWW, RRWRW,
hand, what is the probability RRWWR, RWRRW,
that at least 2 cards are RWRWR, RWWRR,
hearts? WRRRW, WRRWR,
WRWRR, WWRRR
3
3a. Each trial has more than two 4.
8
possible outcomes.
3b. The number of trials is not
fixed.
3c. The trials are not
independent.
1 7
5. 6.
8 8
1 48
7. 8.
28,561 28,561
27,648
9. 10. about 0.05
28,561
1
11. about 0.37 12.
16
1 3
13. 14.
16 8
1 5
15. 16.
4 16
11 3125
17. 18.
16 7776
125 625
19. 20.
3888 648
23 243
21. 22.
648 1024
1 15
23. 24.
1024 1024
135 459
25. 26.
512 512

53 105
27. 28.
512 512
105 319
29. 30.
512 512
319
31. 32. about 0.02
512
560
33. about 0.44 34.
2187
1 3 15 5 15 3 1
35. about 0.32 36. , , , , , ,
64 32 64 16 64 32 64
1
37. 38. C (n, m)p m(1 p)nm
4
39. Getting a right answer and a 40. 2
wrong answer are the
outcomes of a binomial
experiment. The probability is
far greater that guessing will
result in a low grade than in
a high grade. Answers
• Use (r w)5
r 5 5r 4w 10r 3w 2
10r 2w 3 5rw 4 w 5 and
the chart on page 676 to
determine the probabilities
of each combination of
right and wrong.
1 5
• P(5 right): r 5 P a b
1
4 1024
or about 0.098%; P (4 right,
15
1 wrong): or about
1024
1.5%; P (3 right, 2 wrong):
1 3 3 2
10r 2w 3 10 a b a b
45
4 4 512
or about 8.8%; P (3 wrong,
2 right): 10r 2w 3
1 2 3 3
10 a b a b
135
or about
4 4 512
26.4%; P (4 wrong, 1 right):

3 4
5r w 4 5 a b a b
1 405
or
4 4 1024
about 39.6%; P (5 wrong):
5
w5 a b
3 243
or about
4 1024
23.7%.
41. B 42. See students’ work.
43. normal distribution 44. 68%
45. 10 46. 16%
47. Mean; it is highest. 48. y
x 3
O x
49. y 50. y
xy4
y |5x |
x
O O x
51. 0.1 52. 0.05

53. 0.039 54. 0.027
55. 0.041 56. 0.031

Lesson 12-9 Sampling and Error

Pages 683–685
1. Sample answer: If a sample 2. Sample answer for good

is not random, the results of sample: doing a random
a survey may not be valid. telephone poll to rate the
mayor’s performance; sample
answer for bad sample:
conducting a survey on how
much the average person
reads at a bookstore
3. The margin of sampling error 4. Yes; last digits of social
decreases when the size of security numbers are
the sample n increases. As n random.
p (1 p)
increases, decreases.
n
5. No; these students probably 6. about 9%
study more than average.
7. about 4% 8. about 4%
9. The probability is 0.95 that 10. about 283
the percent of Americans
ages 12 and older who listen
to the radio every day is
between 72% and 82%.
11. No; you would tend to point 12. Yes; all seniors would have
toward the middle of the the same chance of being
page. selected.
13. Yes; a wide variety of people 14. No; freshmen are more likely
would be called since almost than older students to be still
everyone has a phone. growing, so a sample of
freshmen would not give
representative heights for the
whole school.


27. about 983 28. 36 or 64
29. A political candidate can use 30. A
the statistics from an opinion
poll to analyze his or her
standing and to help plan the
rest of the campaign.
following.
• The candidate could
decide to skip areas where
he or she is way ahead or
way behind, and
concentrate on areas
where the polls indicate
the race is close.
• about 3.5%
• The margin of error
indicates that with a
probability of 0.95 the
percent of the Florida
population that favored
Bush was between 43.5%
and 50.5%. The margin of
error for Gore was also
about 3.5%, so with
probability 0.95 the percent
that favored Gore was
between 40.5% and 47.5%.
Therefore, it was possible
that the percent of the
Florida population that
favored Bush was less than
the percent that favored
Gore.
1
31. C 32.
32
5 1
33. 34.
32 2
35. 95% 36. 210
37. 97.5% 38. x 2, x 3

Chapter 13 Trigonometry
Lesson 13-1 Right Triangle Trigonometry
Pages 706–708
1. Trigonometry is the study of 2.

the relationships between the hypotenuse
adjacent
angles and sides of a right
triangle.
opposite
8 15
3. Given only the measures of 4. sin ; cos ;
17 17
the angles of a right triangle, 8 17
you cannot find the tan ; csc ;
15 8
measures of its sides. 17 15
sec ; cot
15 8
285 6 5 211
5. sin ; cos ; 6. sin ; cos ;
11 11 6 6
285 11 285 5 211 6
tan ; csc ; tan ; csc ;
6 85 11 5
11 6 285 6 211 211
sec ; cot sec ; cot
6 85 11 5
32 15
7. cos 23 ; x 34.8 8. tan x ; x 36
x 21
9. B 45, a 6, c 8.5 10. A 34, a 8.9, b 13.3
11. a 16.6, A 67, B 23 12. c 19.1, A 47, B 43
13. 1660 ft 14. B
4 2105 3 4
15. sin ; cos ; 16. sin ; cos ;
11 11 5 5
4 2105 11 3 5
tan ; csc ; tan ; csc ;
105 4 4 3
5 4
112105 2105 sec ; cot
sec ; cot 4 3
105 4

27 3 9 2106
17. sin ; cos ; 18. sin ;
4 4 106
27 4 27 5 2106 9
tan ; csc ; cos ; tan ;
3 7 106 5
4 3 27 2106
sec ; cot csc ;
3 7 9
2106 5
sec ; cot
5 9
25 2 25 215 7
19. sin ; cos ; 20. sin ; cos ;
5 5 8 8
1 215 8 215
tan ; csc 25; tan ; csc ;
2 7 15
25 7 215
sec ; cot 2 8
sec ; cot
2 7 15
x 3
21. tan 30 , x 5.8 22. cos 60 , x 6
10 x
17.8 x
23. sin 54 , x 22.0 24. tan 17.5 ; x 7.5
x 23.7
15 16
25. cos x , x 65 26. sin x , x 47
36 22
opp opp
27a. sin 30 sine ratio 28a. sin 45 sine ratio
hyp hyp
x Replace opp with x Replace opp
sin 30 sin 45
2x x and hyp with 12x with x and hyp
2x. with 12x.
1 1
sin 30 Simplify. sin 45 Simplify.
2 12
adj 12
27b. cos 30 cosine ratio sin 45 Rationalize the
hyp 2 denominator.
23x Replace adj adj
cos 30 with 13x and 28b. cos 45 cosine ratio
2x hyp
hyp with 2x.
x Replace adj
23 cos 45 with x and hyp
cos 30 Simplify. 12x with 12x.
2
1
cos 45 Simplify.
12
12 Rationalize the
cos 45 denominator.
2

opp opp
27c. sin 60 sine ratio 28c. tan 45 tangent ratio
hyp adj
23x Replace opp x Replace opp
sin 60 with 13x and tan 45 with x and adj
2x hyp with 2x. x with x.
23 tan 45 1 Simplify.
sin 60 Simplify.
2
29. B 74, a 3.9, b 13.5 30. A 63, a 13.7, c 15.4

31. B 56, b 14.8, c 17.9 32. A 75, a 24.1, b 6.5
33. A 60, a 19.1, c 22 34. B 45, a 7, b 7
35. A 72, b 1.3, c 4.1 36. B 80, a 2.6, c 15.2
37. A 63, B 27, a 11.5 38. A 26, B 64, b 8.1
39. A 49, B 41, a 8, 40. A 19, B 71, b 14.1,
c 10.6 c 15
41. about 300 ft 42. about 142.8 ft
43. about 6 44. about 3.2 in.
45. 93.54 units2 46. about 1.72 km high
47. The sine and cosine ratios of 48. When construction involves
acute angles of right right triangles, including
triangles each have the building ramps, designing
longest measure of the buildings, or surveying land
triangle, the hypotenuse, as before building, trigonometry
their denominator. A fraction is likely to be used. Answers
whose denominator is should include the following.
greater than its numerator is • If you view the ramp from
less than 1. The tangent ratio the side then the vertical
of an acute angle of a right rise is opposite the angle
triangle does not involve the that the ramp makes with
measure of the hypotenuse, the horizontal. Similarly,
opp the horizontal run is the
.If the measure of the
adj adjacent side. So the
opposite side is greater than tangent of the angle is the
the measure of the adjacent ratio of the rise to the run
side, the tangent ratio is or the slope of the ramp.
greater than 1. If the measure • Given the ratio of the
of the opposite side is less slope of ramp, you can
than the measure of the find the angle of inclination
adjacent side, the tangent by calculating tan–1 of this
ratio is less than 1. ratio.

49. C 50. 7.7

51. No; band members may be 52. Yes; this sample is random
more likely to like the same since different kinds of
kinds of music. people go to the post office.
3 1
53. 54.
8 16
15
55. 56. {222, 2i 22}
16
57. {2, 1, 0, 1, 2} 58. {121}
59. 20 qt 60. 35,904 ft
61. 12 m2 62. 48 L
Lesson 13-2 Angles and Angle Measure

Pages 712–715
1. reals 2. In a circle of radius r units,
one radian is the measure of
an angle whose rays
intercept an arc length of r
units.
3. y 4. y
290˚ 70˚
O x O x
⫺70˚
5. y 6. y
300˚ 570˚
O x O x

13
7. y 8.
18
O x
⫺45˚
97
9. 10.
18 36
11. 135 12. 30
13. 1140 14. 420, 300
7 5
15. 785, 295 16. ,
3 3
17. 21 h 18. 2 h
19. y 20. y
235˚ 270˚
O x O x
21. y 22. y
O x O x
790˚ 380˚
23. y 24. y
O x O x
⫺50˚
⫺150˚

25. y 26. y
O x O x
2␲
⫺
3
2
27. 28.
3 3
5
29. 30.
12 4
11 19
31. 32.
3 6
79 13
33. 34.
90 9
35. 150 36. 495
37. 45 38. 60
39. 1305 40. 510
1620 540
41. 515.7 42. 171.9

43. Sample answer: 585, 135 44. Sample answer: 390, 330
11 5 19 5
49. Sample answer: , 50. Sample answer: ,
4 4 6 6
3 13 4 8
4 4 3 3
13 3 25 7
2 2 4 4
55. 2689 per second; 47 radians 56. 209.4 in2
per second
57. about 188.5 m2 58. number 17
59. about 640.88 in2 60a. a 2 (b)2 a 2 b 2 1
60b. b 2 a 2 a 2 b 2 1
60c. b 2 (a)2 a 2 b 2 1

61. Student answers should 62. C

• An angle with a measure
of more than 180 gives
an indication of motion in
a circular path that ended
at a point more than
halfway around the circle
from where it started.
• Negative angles convey the
same meaning as positive
angles, but in an opposite
direction. The standard
convention is that negative
angles represent rotations
in a clockwise direction.
• Rates over 360 per
minute indicate that an
object is rotating or
revolving more than one
revolution per minute.
63. D 64. a 3.4, c 6.0, B 56
65. A 22, a 5.9, c 15.9 66. A 35, a 9.2, b 13.1
67. c 0.8, A 30, B 60 68. about 8.98%
69. about 7.07% 70. permutation, 17,100,720
71. combination, 35 72. [g h](x) 6x 8,
[h g](x) 6x 4
73. [g h](x) 4x 2 6x 23, 74. 1041.8
[h g](x) 8x 2 34x 44
2 23
75. 1418.2 or about 1418; the 76.
3
number of sports radio
stations in 2008
3 25 2 26
77. 78.
5 3
210 214
79. 80.
2 2
210
81.
4

Chapter 13
Practice Quiz 1
Page 715
1. A 42, a 13.3, c 17.9 2. A 59, B 31, b 10.8

10 2149
3. y 4. sin ;
149
7 2149
cos ;
149
O x 10 2149
⫺60˚ tan ; csc ;
7 10
2149 7
sec ; cot
7 10
19 5
5. 6.
18 2
7. 210 8. 396
5
9. 305; 415 10. ;
3 3
Lesson 13-3 Trigonometric Functions

of General Angles
Pages 722–724
r
1. False; sec 0 or 1 and 2. Sample answer: 190
r
0
tan 0 or 0.
r
8 15
3. To find the value of a 4. sin , cos ,
17 17
trigonometric function of , 8 17
where is greater than 90, tan , csc ,
15 8
find the value of the 17 15
trigonometric function for , sec , cot
15 8
then use the quadrant in
which the terminal side of
lies to determine the sign of
the trigonometric function
value of .

22 22
5. sin 0, cos 1, 6. sin , cos ,
2 2
tan 0, csc undefined,
sec 1, cot undefined tan 1, csc 22,
sec 22, cot 1
y
7. 55 y 8.
4
7␲
235˚ 4
x O x
O '
'
23
9. 60 y 10.
2
'
O x
⫺240˚
11. 1 12. 23

2 23 23
13. 14. sin , tan 23,
3 2
2 23
csc , sec 2,
3
23
cot
3
26 23
15. sin , cos , 16. about 12.4 ft
3 3
26
tan 22, cos ,
2
sec 23
24 7 25 2 25
17. sin , cos , 18. sin , cos ,
25 25 5 5
24 25 1
tan , csc , tan , csc 25,
7 24 2
25 7 25
sec , cot sin , cos 2,
7 24 5

8 289 3 4
19. cos , 20. sin , cos ,
89 5 5
3 5
5 289 tan , csc ,
cos , 4 3
89
5 4
8 289 sec , cot
tan , csc , 4 3
5 8
289 5
sec , cot
5 8
21. sin 1, cos 0, 22. sin 0, cos 1,
tan undefined, tan 0, csc undefined,
csc 1, sec 1,
sec undefined, cot 0 cot undefined
22 22 26 23
23. sin , cos , 24. sin , cos ,
2 2 3 3
tan 1, csc 22, tan 22, csc
26
,
2
sec 22, cot 1
22
sec 23, cot
2
25. 45 y 26. 60 y
315˚ 240˚
O x O x
'
'
27. 30 y 28. 55 y
'
O x O x
'
⫺210˚ ⫺125˚

y y
29. 30.
4 6
5␲ 5␲
4 6
'
O x O x
'
y y
31. 32.
7 3
13␲
7
O ' x O x
' ⫺
2␲
3
23
33. 34. 2
2
35. 23 36. 23
1
37. undefined 38.
2
22
39. 23 40.
2
41. undefined 42. 2
23
43. 44. 1
2
45. 0.2, 0, 0.2, 0, 0.2, 0, and 46. 6092.5 ft
0.2; or about 11.5, 0,
11.5, 0, 11.5, 0, and
11.5
4 4 226 5 226
47. sin , tan , 48. sin , cos ,
5 3 26 26
5 5 226
csc , sec , csc 226, sec ,
4 3 5
3
cot cot 5
4

2 22 22 2 25
49. cos , tan , 50. sin ,
3 4 5
3 22 25
csc 3, sec , cos , tan 2,
4 5
25
cot 222 csc , sec 25
2
3 210 1 2 26
51. sin , 52. sin , cos ,
10 5 5
210 26 5 26
cos , tan 3, tan , sec ,
10 12 12
210 1 cot 226
csc , cot
3 3
53. about 173.2 ft 54. 45; 2 45 or 90 yields the
greatest value for sin 2.
55. 9 meters 56. I, II
57. II 58. III
59. Answers should include the 60. C
following.
• The cosine of any angle is
x
defined as , where x is
r
the x-coordinate of any
point on the terminal ray
of the angle and r is the
distance from the origin to
that point. This means that
for angles with terminal
sides to the left of the
y-axis, the cosine is
negative, and those with
terminal sides to the right
of the y-axis, the cosine is
positive. Therefore, the
cosine function can be
used to model real-world
data that oscillate between
being positive and
negative.

• If we knew the length of

the cable we could find the
vertical distance from the
top of the tower to the rider.
Then if we knew the height
of the tower we could
subtract from it the vertical
distance calculated
previously. This will leave
the height of the rider from
the ground.
5 23
61. a , b
5
62.
2 2 2
900
63. 300 64. 286.5

x x
65. sin 28 , 5.6 66. cos 43 , 60.7
12 83
5
67. sin x , 23 68. 635
13
69. (7, 2) 70. (4, 3)
71. (5, 4) 72. 4.7
73. 15.1 74. 2.7
75. 32.9 76. 20.6
77. 39.6
Lesson 13-4 Law of Sines

Pages 729–732
1. Sometimes; only when A is 2. Sample answer: A 42,

acute, a b sin A, or a
b a 2.6 cm, b 3.2 cm
and when A is obtuse, a
b. C
3.2 cm 2.6 cm
A 3.9 cm B
C
3.2 cm
2.6 cm
A B
0.9 cm

3. Gabe; the information given 4. 57.5 in2

is of two sides and an angle,
but the angle is not between
the two sides, therefore the
area formula involving sine
cannot be used.
5. 6.4 cm2 6. C 30, a 2.9, c 1.5
7. B 80, a 32.0, b 32.6 8. B 20, A 20, a 20.2
9. no solution 10. two; B 42, C 108,
c 5.7; B 138, C 12,
c 1.2
11. one; B 24, C 101, 12. one; B 19, C 16,
c 12.0 c 8.7
13. 5.5 m 14. 43.1 m2
15. 19.5 yd2 16. 572.8 ft2
17. 62.4 cm2 18. 4.2 m2
19. 14.6 mi2 20. B 101, c 3.0, b 3.4
21. C 73, a 55.6, b 48.2 22. B 21, C 37, b 13.1
23. B 47, C 68, c 5.1 24. C 97, a 5.5, b 14.4
25. A 40, B 65, b 2.8 26. C 67, B 63, b 2.9
27. A 20, a 22.1, c 39.8 28. no
29. one; B 36, C 45, 30. two; B 72, C 75,
c 1.8 c 3.5; B 108, C 39,
c 2.3
31. no 32. one; B 90, C 60,
c 24.2
33. one; B 18, C 101, 34. two; B 56, C 72,
c 25.8 c 229.3; B 124,
C 4, c 16.8
35. two; B 85, C 15, 36. one; B 23, C 129,
c 2.4; B 95, C 5, c 14.1
c 0.8
37. two; B 65, C 68, 38. 4.6 and 8.5 mi
c 84.9; B 115, C 18,
c 28.3

39. 7.5 mi from Ranger B, 40. 690 ft

10.9 mi from Ranger A
41. 107 mph 42a. 14.63 b 20
42b. b 14.63 or b 20
42c. b 14.63
43. Answers should include the 44. D
following.
• If the height of the triangle
is not given, but the
measure of two sides and
their included angle are
given, then the formula for
the area of a triangle
using the sine function
should be used.
• You might use this formula
to find the area of a
triangular piece of land,
since it might be easier to
measure two sides and
use surveying equipment
to measure the included
angle than to measure the
perpendicular distance
from one vertex to its
opposite side.
1
• The area of ABC is ah.
2
C
b a
h
A c B
h
sin B or h c sin B
c
1
Area ah or
2
1
Area a (c sin B)
2

23
45. B 78, a 50.1, c 56.1 46.
2
23
47. 48. 22
3
49. 660, 60 50. 407, 313

17 7 3
51. , 52.
6 6 68
55
53. 54. 780 ft
221
55. 5.6 56. 7.8
57. 39.4 58. 136.0
Lesson 13-5 Law of Cosines

Pages 735–738
1. Mateo; the angle given is not 2a. Use the Law of Cosines to
between the two sides, find the measure of one
therefore the Law of Sines angle. Then use the Law of
should be used. Sines or the Law of Cosines
to find the measure of a
second angle. Finally,
subtract the sum of these
two angles from 180 to find
the measure of the third
angle.
2b. Use the Law of Cosines to
find the measure of the third
side. Then use the Law of
Sines or the Law of Cosines
to find the measure of a
second angle. Finally,
subtract the sum of these
two angles from 180 to find
the measure of the third
angle.

3. Sample answer: 4. cosines; A 76, B 69,

c 6.5
15 9
13
5. sines; B 70, a 9.6, 6. sines; C 101, B 37,

b 14 c 92.5
7. cosines; A 23, B 67, 8. 19.5 m
C 90
9. 94.3 10. sines; A 60, b 14.3,
c 11.2
11. cosines; A 48, B 62, 12. cosines; A 46, B 74,
C 70 C 59.6
13. sines; B 102, C 44, 14. cosines; A 56.8, B 82,
b 21.0 c 11.5
15. sines; A 80, a 10.9, 16. cosines; A 55, C 78,
c 5.4 b 17.9
17. cosines; A 30, B 110, 18. no
C 40
19. sines; C 77, b 31.7, 20. cosines; A 103, B 49,
c 31.6 C 28
21. no 22. cosines; A 15, B 131,
C 34
23. cosines; A 52, C 109, 24. sines; C 102, b 5.5,
b 21.0 c 14.4
25. cosines; A 24, B 125, 26. cosines; A 107, B 35,
C 31 c 13.8
27. cosines; B 82, C 58, 28. about 159.7
a 4.5
29. about 100.1 30. Since the step angle for the
carnivore is closer to 180, it
appears as though the
carnivore made more forward
progress with each step than
the herbivore did.

31. 4.4 cm, 9.0 cm 32. about 1362 ft; about 81,919 ft 2
33. 91.6 34. Since cos 90 0,
a 2 b 2 c 2 2bc cos A
becomes a 2 b 2 c 2.
35. Answers should include the 36. B
following.
• The Law of Cosines can
be used when you know
all three sides of a triangle
or when you know two
sides and the included
angle. It can even be used
with two sides and the
nonincluded angle. This
set of conditions leaves a
quadratic equation to be
solved. It may have one,
two, or no solution just like
the SSA case with the
Law of Sines.
• Given the latitude of a
point on the surface of
Earth, you can use the
radius of the Earth and the
orbiting height of a satellite
in geosynchronous orbit to
create a triangle. This
triangle will have two
known sides and the
measure of the included
angle. Find the third side
using the Law of Cosines
and then use the Law of
Sines to determine the
angles of the triangle.
Subtract 90 degrees from
the angle with its vertex on
Earth’s surface to find the
angle at which to aim the
receiver dish.
37. A 38. 100.0

39. Sample answer: 100.2 40. By finding the measure of

angle C in one step using
the Law of Cosines, only the
given information was used.
By finding this angle
measure using the Law of
Cosines and then the Law of
Sines, a calculated value that
was not exact was
introduced; 100.0.
41. one; B 46, C 79, 42. no solution
c 9.6
12 5 7 265
43. sin , cos , 44. sin ,
13 13 65
12 13 4 265 7
tan , csc cos , tan ,
5 12 65 4
13 5
sec , cot 265 265
5 12 csc , sec ,
7 4
4
cot
7
26 210
45. sin , cos , 46. 1.3863
4 4
215 2 26
tan , csc ,
5 3
2 210 215
sec , cot
5 3
47. {x 0 x
0.6931} 48. 4.3891
49. 405, 315 50. 390, 330
5 3
51. 540, 180 52. ,
2 2
19 5 10 2
53. , 54. ,
6 6 3 3

Chapter 13
Practice Quiz 2
Page 738
3 213 2 23
1. sin , 2.
13 3
2 213
cos ,
13
3 213
tan , csc ,
2 3
213 2
sec , cot
2 3
3. 27.7 m2 4. two; B 27; C 131;
c 30.2; B 153;
C 5; c 3.5
5. cosines; c 15.9, A 59,
B 43
Lesson 13-6 Circular Functions

Pages 742–745
1. The terminal side of the 2. Sample answer: the motion
angle in standard position of the minute hand on a
must intersect the unit circle clock; 60 s
at P (x, y).
12 5
3. Sample answer: The graphs 4. sin , cos
13 13
have the same shape, but
cross the x-axis at different
points.
22 22 23
5. sin ; cos 6.
2 2 2
1
7. 8. 720
2

9. 2 s 10.
h
3
O 3 t
1 2 4
⫺3
4 3 5 12
11. sin ; cos 12. sin ; cos
5 5 13 13
15 8 1 13
13. sin ; cos 14. sin ; cos
17 17 2 2
23 1
15. sin ; cos 16. sin 0.8; cos 0.6
2 2
1 23
17. 18.
2 2
23
19. 1 20.
2
22
21. 1 22.
2
1 9
23. 24.
4 4
1 23
25. 26. 23
2
27. 323 28. 1
29. 6 30. 9
31. 2 32. 8
1
33. s 34.
440 y
1
O x
1 1
440 220
⫺1

1 13 1 13
35. a , b, a , b, 36. The population is around 425
2 2 2 2
near the 60th day of the year.
13
(1, 0), a , b,
1
It rises to around 625 in
2 2
May/June. It falls to around 425
13
a , b
1 again by August/September.

2 2 It continues to drop to around
225 in November/December.
y
37. 38. tan
x
x
39. 40. cot
y
23
41. 23 42.
3
43. sine: D {all reals}, 44. Answers should include the
R {1 y 1}; following.
cosine: D {all reals}, • Over the course of one
R {1 y 1} period both the sine and
cosine function attain their
maximum value once and
their minimum value once.
From the maximum to the
minimum the functions
decrease slowly at first,
then decrease more
quickly and return to a
slow rate of change as
they come into the
minimum. Similarly, the
functions rise slowly from
their minimum. They begin
to increase more rapidly
as they pass the halfway
point, and then begin to
rise more slowly as they
increase into the
maximum. Annual
temperature fluctuations
behave in exactly the
same manner.

• The maximum value of the

sine function is 1 so the
maximum temperature
would be 50 25(1) or
75 F. Similarly, the
minimum value would be
50 25(1) or 25 F. The
average temperature over
this time period occurs
when the sine function
takes on a value of 0. In
this case that would be
50 F.
23
45. A 46.
3
47. cosines; c 12.4, B 59, 48. cosines; A 34, B 62,
A 76 C 84
49. 27.0 in2 50. 12.5 m2
51. 6800 52. 9500
53. 5000 54. 5000
55. 250 56. 50
64
57. does not exist 58.
3
59. 8 60. 4x 5
11
61. 2x 9 62. 5y 2 4y 4
y1
5
63. 2y 7 64. 20
y3
65. 110 66. 73

67. 80 68. 56
69. 89

Lesson 13-7 Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Pages 749–751
1. Restricted domains are 2. Sample answer:

denoted with a capital letter. 22
Cos 45 ;
2
22
Cos1 45
2
3. They are inverses of each 4. Arctan x

other.
5. Arccos 0.5 6. 45

7. 0 8. 0.52
6
9. 3.14 10. 0.22
11. 0.75 12. 0.66
13. 0.58 14. 30
15. Arcsin 16. a Arctan b
1
17. y Arccos x 18. 30 Arcsin
2
20. Arctan a b x
4
19. Arccos y 45
3
21. 60 22. 30
23. 45 24. 30
25. 45 26. 90
27. 2.09 28. does not exist
29. 0.52 30. 0.52
31. 0.5 32. 0.66
33. 0.60 34. 0.5
35. 0.8 36. 0.81
37. 0.5 38. 3
39. 0.5 40. 1.57
41. 0.71 42. does not exist
43. 0.96 44. 0.87

45. 60 south of west 46. 83

47. No; with this point on the 48. 60
terminal side of the throwing
angle , the measure of is
found by solving the equation
17 17
tan . Thus tan1
18 18
or about 43.4, which is
greater than the 40
requirement.
49. 31 50. 102
51. Suppose P (x 1, y 1) and 52. Trigonometry is used to
Q (x 2, y 2) lie on the line determine proper banking
y mx b. Then m angles. Answers should
y2 y1 include the following.
. The tangent of
x2 x1 • Knowing the velocity of the
the angle the line makes cars to be traveling on a
with the positive x-axis is road and the radius of the
opp
equal to the ratio or curve to be built, then the
adj
y2 y1
banking angle can be
. Thus tan m. determined. First find the
x2 x 1
y
ratio of the square of the
Q (x 2, y 2) velocity to the product of
the acceleration due to
y2 ⫺ y1 gravity and the radius of
P (x , y 1)

the curve. Then determine
O x2 ⫺ x1 x
the angle that had this
ratio as its tangent. This
y ⫽ mx
m ⫹b will be the banking angle
for the turn.
• If the speed limit were
increased and the banking
angle remained the same,
then in order to maintain a
safe road the curvature
would have to be
decreased. That is, the
radius of the curve would
also have to increase,
which would make the
road less curved.
53. 37 54. D


55. 56. Sin1 x Cos1 x for
2
1 22 23 1 22 23 all values of x.
x 0 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2

y
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
23
57. From a right triangle 58.
2
perspective, if an acute angle
has a given sine x, then
the complementary angle

has that same value
2
as its cosine. This can be
verified by looking at a right
triangle. Therefore, the sum
of the angle whose sine is x
and the angle whose cosine

is x should be .
2
59. 1 60. 1
61. sines; B 69, C 81, 62. cosines; A 13, B 77,
c 6.1 or B 111, C 39, C 90
C 3.9
63. 46, 39 64. 22, 57
65. 11, 109 66. 2.5 s

Chapter 14 Trigonetmetric Graphs and Identities

Lesson 14-1 Graphing Trigonometric Functions
Pages 766–768
1. Sample answer: Amplitude is 2. Sample answer: The graph

half the difference between repeats itself every 180.
the maximum and minimum
values of a graph; y tan
has no maximum or
minimum value.
1
3. Jamile; The amplitude is 3 4. amplitude: ; period 360 or 2
2
and the period is 3.
y
2.5
2 1
1.5 y 2 sin
1
0.5
270˚ 180˚ 90˚

O
90˚ 180˚ 270˚
1
1.5
2
2.5
2
5. amplitude: 2; period: 360 or 2 6. amplitude: ; period 360 or 2
3
y
y
5
4 y 2 sin 2 2
3 1.5 y cos
3
2 1
1 0.5
O O
270˚ 180˚ 90˚ 90˚ 180˚ 270˚ 0.5 90˚ 180˚ 270˚ 360˚
2 1
3 1.5
4 2
5

7. amplitude: does not exist; 8. amplitude: does not exist;

period: 180 or period: 180 or
y y
2 2
1.5 1.5
1 1
0.5 0.5
O 270˚ 180˚ 90˚
O
270˚ 180˚ 90˚ 90˚ 180˚ 270˚ 90˚ 180˚ 270˚
1 1
1
y 4 tan 1.5 y csc 2 1.5
2 2
8
9. amplitude: 4; period: 180 or 10. amplitude: 4; period: 480 or
2
y
y
5 y 4 sin 2
5 3
4 y 4 cos
4 4
3
2 3
2
1
1
O
90˚ 180˚ 270˚ 360˚
1 O
2 1 90˚ 180˚ 270˚ 360˚ 450˚
3 2
3
4
5 4
5
3
11. amplitude: does not exist; 12. amplitude: ; period: 720 or 4
4
2
period: 120 or y
3
1.25 3 1
y 1 y 4 cos 2
2 0.75
1.5
1
0.5
0.5 0.25

60˚ 30˚
O
30˚ 60˚ 90˚ 120˚ 150˚ 90˚
O
90˚ 180˚ 270˚ 360˚ 450˚
1
1 0.5
1.5 y 2 sec 3
2 0.75
1
1.25
13. 12 months; Sample answer: 14. 4250; June 1

The pattern in the population
will repeat itself every 12
months.

15. amplitude: 3; period: 360 or 2 16. amplitude: 5; period: 360 or 2

y y
5 5
y 3 sin 4 y 5 cos
4 3
3 2
2 1
1 O
270˚ 180˚ 90˚ 90˚ 180˚ 270˚
270˚ 180˚ 90˚

O
90˚ 180˚ 270˚ 2
3
2 4
3 5
4
5
period: 360 or 2 period: 180 or
y y
5 10
4 8
3 6
2 4
1 2
O 270˚ 180˚ 90˚

O
270˚180˚90˚ 90˚ 180˚ 270˚ 90˚ 180˚ 270˚
2 4
y 2 csc 3 6
4 y 2 tan 8
5 10
1
19. amplitude: ; period: 360 or 2 20. amplitude: does not exist;
5
y
period: 360 or 2
y
1
10
0.8
1 8
0.6 y 5 sin
6
0.4
4
0.2
2
270˚ 180˚ 90˚
O
90˚ 180˚ 270˚
270˚180˚90˚
O
90˚ 180˚ 270˚
0.4
4
0.6
6
0.8 1
y 3 sec 8
1
10


21. amplitude: 1; period 90 or
2
22. amplitude: 1; period: 180 or
y
y
5
5 4
4 3 y sin 2
3 y sin 4 2
2 1
1
270˚ 180˚ 90˚
O
90˚ 180˚ 270˚
270˚ 180˚ 90˚
O
90˚ 180˚ 270˚
2
2 3
3 4
4 5
5
2
period: 120 or period: 36 or
3 5
y y
5
5
4
4 3
3 2
y sec 3 2 1
1 72˚ 54˚ 36˚ 18˚
O
18˚ 36˚ 54˚ 72˚
2
60˚ 30˚
O
30˚ 60˚ 3
2 y cot 5 4
5
3
4
5
period: 540 or 3 period: 360 or 2
y y
10 10
8 8
6 6
4 4
2 2
O 540˚ 360˚ 180˚
O
810˚ 540˚270˚ 270˚ 540˚ 810˚ 180˚ 360˚ 540˚
4 4
6 6
1 1
y 4 tan 3 8 y 2 cot 2 8
10 10

27. amplitude: 6; period: 540 or 3 28. amplitude: 3; period: 720 or 4

y y
2
10 y 6 sin 3 10
8 8 1
6 6 y 3 cos 2
4 4
2 2
270˚ 180˚ 90˚

O
90˚ 180˚ 270˚ 540˚360˚180˚
O
180˚ 360˚ 540˚
4 4
6 6
8 8
10 10
period: 720 or 4
period: 90 or
y 2
10 y
8 10
6 8
4 6
2 4
O 2
540˚360˚180˚ 180˚ 360˚ 540˚
4 135˚ 90˚ 45˚
O
45˚ 90˚ 135˚
1
y 3 csc 2 6 4
8 6
1
10 y 2 cot 2 8
10
8
31. amplitude: does not exist; 32. amplitude: ; period: 600 or
9
period: 180 or 10
y
3
10
y
8
6 5
4 4
3 2 3
2 3
4
y 3 sin 5
2
270˚180˚ 90˚
O
90˚ 180˚ 270˚ 1
4
540˚360˚180˚
O
6 180˚ 360˚ 540˚
2y tan 2
8
10 3
4
5

33. 34.
y y
5 5
4 4
7
3 3
y 5 sin 4 3 y 8 cos 5
2 2
1 1
135˚ 90˚ 45˚

O
45˚ 90˚ 135˚ 135˚ 90˚ 45˚
O
45˚ 90˚ 135˚
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
3 7
y sin 4 y cos 5
5 8
1
35. 36. y 0.25 sin 128t,
107
y 0.25 sin 512t,
y 0.25 sin 1024t
37. Sample answer: The 38. f (x ) cos x and f (x ) sec x
amplitudes are the same. As f (x )
the frequency increases, the 5
period decreases. 4
3 f (x ) cos x
2 f (x ) cos (x )
1
O x
270˚ 180˚ 90˚ 90˚ 180˚ 270˚
2
3
4
5
f (x )
5
4
f (x ) sec x
3
f (x ) sec (x )
2
1
O x
270˚180˚90˚ 90˚ 180˚ 270˚
2
3
4
5


39. y 2 sin t 40.
5
y
2.5
y 2 sin 5 t
2
1.5
1
0.5
O t
0.5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1
1.5
2
2.5
41. about 1.9 ft 42. Sample answer: Tides

display periodic behavior.
This means that their pattern
repeats at regular intervals.
following information.
• Tides rise and fall in a
periodic manner, similar to
the sine function.
• In f (x ) a sin bx, the
amplitude is the absolute
value of a.
43. A 44. C
45. 90 46. 90
1
47. 45 48.
2
22 22
49. 50.
2 2
13
51. 52. 3, 11, 27, 59, 123
16

53. y 54. y
15 15
13 y x 2 13
11 11
9 9
7 y 3x 2 7
5 5
3 3
y 3x 2
1 1
O x O x
8 4 4 8 8 4 4 8
3 3
y 3x 2 4
5 5
55. y 56. y
15 15
13 13
11 11
9 9
7 7
5 y 2x 2 y x2 2 5
3 3
y 2(x 1)2 1 y (x 3)2 2
1
O x O x
8 4 4 8 8 4 4 8
3 3
5 5
Lesson 14-2 Translations of Trigonometric Graphs

Pages 774–776
1. vertical shift: 15; amplitude: 3; 2. The midline of a
period: 180; phase shift: 45 trigonometric function is the
line about which the graph of
the function oscillates after a
vertical shift.


3. Sample answer: 4. 1; 2;
2
y sin ( 45) y
5
4

(
y sin 2 ) 3
2
1
3
O 3

2 2 2 2
2
3
4
5
5. no amplitude; 180; 60 6. 1; 360; 45

y y
5
4 0.75 y cos ( 45˚)
3
2 0.5
1
0.25
270˚180˚ 90˚
O
90˚ 180˚ 270˚
2 O
3 45˚ 45˚ 90˚ 135˚ 180˚ 225˚
0.25
y tan ( 60˚) 4
5
0.5
0.75
1 1
7. no amplitude; 2; 8. ; y ; 1; 360
3 4 4
y y

4
(
y sec 3 ) 5
3
2 4
1
1 3 y cos 4
O
2

3 1 3
1
2 2 2 2
2
3 O
4 270˚ 180˚ 90˚ 90˚ 180˚ 270˚
2
3
4
5

9. 5; y 5; no amplitude; 10. 4; y 4; no amplitude; 180

360 y
7
y
6
10
5
8
6 4
4 3
y tan 4
2 2
1
270˚180˚90˚
O
90˚ 180˚ 270˚
4 135˚ 90˚ 45˚
O
45˚ 90˚ 135˚

1
6
8
y sec 5 10
11. 0.25; y 0.25; 1; 360 12. 10; 3; 180; 30

y y 3 sin [2( 30˚)] 10 y
1.5 14
y sin 0.25
12
1 10
8
0.5
6
4
O 2
90˚ 180˚ 270˚ 360˚
0.5 O
270˚ 180˚ 90˚ 90˚ 180˚ 270˚
1 4
1.5

13. 6; no amplitude; 60; 45 14. 1; no amplitude; ;
2 4
y
y
1
4
45˚
O
45˚ 3
2
2
1
3
4 3 1O 3
5
8 4 8 8 4 8
2
6
y 2 cot (3 135˚) 6 3
7
1 4
8 [(
y 2 sec 4 4 1 )]
9
10
11

2
15. 2; ; 4; 16. 4; 1; 4 s
3 6
y
1
O
3 2 2 3
1
2
3

2
y 3 cos 2 6[ 1( )] 2

17. h 4 cos t or 18. h
2 h 4 cos 2 t
6
h 4 cos 90t 5
4
3
2
1
O t
1 1 2 3 4
2
3
4
19. 1; 360; 90 20. no amplitude; 180; 30

y y
5 5
4 4
3 y cos ( 90˚) 3
2 2
1 1
O 135˚ 90˚ 45˚
O
270˚ 180˚ 90˚ 90˚ 180˚ 270˚ 45˚ 90˚ 135˚
2 2
3 3
4 4 y cot ( 30˚)
5 5


21. 1; 2; 22. 1; 2;
4 3
y y
5 5
4 4

3 (
y sin 4 ) 3 (
y cos 3 )
2 2
1 1
O O

3 3

3 3
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
23. no amplitude; 180; 22.5 24. 3; 360; 75

y y
5 5
y 3 sin ( 75˚)
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
O O
135˚ 90˚ 45˚ 45˚ 90˚ 135˚ 270˚ 180˚ 90˚ 90˚ 180˚ 270˚
2 2
3 1 3
y 4 tan ( 22.5˚) 4
4
5 5
25. 1; y 1; 1; 360 26. 2; y 2; no amplitude; 360

y y
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
270˚ 180˚ 90˚

O
90˚ 180˚ 270˚ 270˚180˚90˚
O
90˚ 180˚ 270˚
2 2
3 3
y sin 1 y sec 2
4 4
5 5

3 3
27. 5; y 5; 1; 360 28. ; y ; no amplitude;
4 4
y
2 360
1 y
5
270˚ 180˚ 90˚
O
90˚ 180˚ 270˚
4
2 3
3 2
4 1
5
6 270˚180˚90˚
O
90˚ 180˚ 270˚
7 2
8 y cos 5 3
3
y csc 4 4
5
1 1 1
29. ; y ; ; 360 30. 1.5; y 1.5; 6; 360
2 2 2
y
y
10 y 6 cos 1.5
5 8
4 1 1 6
3 y 2 sin 2
4
2 2
1
O
O 270˚ 180˚ 90˚ 90˚ 180˚ 270˚
270˚ 180˚ 90˚ 90˚ 180˚ 270˚ 4
2 6
3 8
4 10
5
31. 32. y
5 2
y y 3 cos ( 50˚) 2
4
18 3
16 2
1
14
12 270˚ 180˚ 90˚
O
90˚ 180˚ 270˚
10 2
8 (
y 5 tan 4 ) 3
6 4
5
4
2
O
translation 50 right and
3 3

4
2 4 4 2 4 2 units up with an amplitude
2
of unit
translation units left and 3
4
5 units up

33. 1; 2; 120; 45 34. 5; 4; 180; 30

y y
5 y 2 sin [3( 45˚)] 1 10
4 8
3 6
2 4
1 2
270˚ 180˚ 90˚

O
90˚ 180˚ 270˚ 270˚ 180˚ 90˚
O
90˚ 180˚ 270˚
2 4
3 6
4 8
5 10
y 4 cos [2( 30˚)] 5
35. 3.5; does not exist; 720; 36. 0.75; does not exist; 270; 90
60 y
y 20
8 16
6 12
4 8
2
4
270˚180˚90˚
O
90˚ 180˚ 270˚
270˚180˚90˚
O
90˚ 180˚ 270˚
4
6 8
8 12
10 [1 (
y 3 csc 2 60˚ 3.5)] 16
12
20
[2(
y 6 cot 3 90˚ 0.75)]
1
37. 1; ; 180; 75 38. 4; does not exist; 30;22.5
4
y
y
2
5
4 1
1
y 4 cos (2 150˚) 1
3
2 22.5˚
O
22.5˚
1 2
O 3
270˚ 180˚ 90˚ 90˚ 180˚ 270˚
2 4
3 5
4 6
5 7
8
2
y 5 tan (6 135˚) 4

2
39. 3; 2; ; 40. 4; does not exist; 6;
4 3
y y
8 16
7 [(
y 3 2 sin 2 4 )]
6 14
5 12
4 10
3 8
2
1 6
4
O

3 3 2
2 2 2 2 2
4 2
O
2 4
4
[1(
y 4 sec 3 3
2
)]
41. 1 42. y
y y 3 2 cos
5
5
4
1
y 3 cos ( )
2 4 [ 1 ( )]
y sin 4 2
1 3
3 3 y cos [ 4 ( 2 )]
2 2
1 1
3
O 3

2 2 2 2 4 2
O
2 4
2
3 2
4 3
5
4
5
The graphs are identical.
The graphs are identical.
43. c 44. 180; 5 yr
45. 300; 14.5 yr 46. Sample answer: When the
prey (mouse) population is at
its greatest the predator will
consume more and the
predator population will grow
while the prey population falls.

47. h 9 6 sin c (t 1.5)d 48. a 1, b 1, h
9 2
49. Sample answer: You can use 50. B
changes in amplitude and
period along with vertical and
horizontal shifts to show an
animal population’s starting
point and display changes to
that population over a period of

time. Answers should include

the following information.
• The equation shows a
rabbit population that
begins at 1200, increases
to a maximum of 1450,
then decreases to a
minimum of 950 over a
period of 4 years.
• Relative to y a cos bx,
y a cos bx k would
have a vertical shift of
k units, while y a cos
[b (x h)] has a horizontal
shift of h units.
51. D 52. amplitude: does not exist;
period: 360 or 2
y
5
4
3
2
1
270˚180˚90˚
O
90˚ 180˚ 270˚
2
y 3 csc 3
4
5
53. amplitude: 1; period: 720 or 54. amplitude: does not exist;

4 3
period: 270 or
y 2
5 y
4 10
3 y sin 2 8
2 6
1 4
2
270˚ 180˚ 90˚
O
90˚ 180˚ 270˚
2 360˚ 180˚
O
180˚ 360˚
3 4
4 2 6
5 y 3 tan
3 8
10
55. 0.75 56. 0.57

57. 0.83 58. 0.8

59. 35 60. 2.29
61. 0.66 62. 0.66
5a 13 1
63. 64.
(a 2)(a 3) 4
3y 2 10y 5 23
65. 66.
2(y 5)(y 3) 2
67. 1 68. 1
1
69. 70. 0
2
23 22
71. 72.
3 2
73. 1
Lesson 14-3 Trigonometric Identities

Pages 779–781
1. Sample answer: The sine 2. Sample answer: Pythagorean
function is negative in the identities are derived by
third and fourth quadrants. applying the Pythagorean
Therefore, the terminal side Theorem to trigonometric
of the angle must lie in one concepts.
of those two quadrants.
23
3. Sample answer: Simplifying a 4.
3
trigonometric expression
means writing the expression
as a numerical value or in
terms of a single trigonometric
function, if possible.
5 3
5. 6.
4 5
7. 22 8. 1
9. tan2 10. sec
v2
11. csc 12. sin cos
gR

1 25
13. 14.
2 3
15. 25 16. 2 22
5 3
17. 18.
4 5
23 3 25
19. 20.
2 5
3 4
21. 22.
4 5
4 27 4 217
23. 24.
7 17
25. cot 26. 1
27. cos 28. sin
29. 2 30. 3
31. cot2 32. tan
33. 1 34. cot2
35. csc2 36. 1
37. about 11.5 38. about 4 m/s
I cos
39. about 9.4 40. E
R2
I tan cos
41. No; R 2 42. P I 2R sin2 2ft
E
I sin
simplifies to E .
R2
I 2R 9
43. P I 2R . 44.
1 tan2 2ft 16
45. Sample answer: You can use 46. B
equations to find the height
and the horizontal distance
of a baseball after it has
been hit. The equations
involve using the initial angle
the ball makes with the
ground with the sine function.

• Both equations are

quadratic in nature with a
leading negative coefficient.
Thus, both are inverted
parabolas which model the
path of a baseball.
• model rockets, hitting a
golf ball, kicking a rock
47. A 48. 1; y 1; 1; 360
y
5
4
3
2
1
O
270˚ 180˚ 90˚ 90˚ 180˚ 270˚
2
3
4 y sin 1
5
49. 12; y 12; no amplitude; 180 50. amplitude: does not exist;
y period: 180 or
20 y
5
15 4
3
10 2
1
5
135˚ 90˚ 45˚
O
45˚ 90˚ 135˚
O 2
270˚ 180˚ 90˚ 90˚ 180˚ 270˚ 3
y tan 12 5 y csc 2 4
5

2
51. amplitude: 1; period: 120 or 52. amplitude: does not exist;
3
y period: 36 or
5
5
y
4
3 5
2 y cos 3 4 1
y 3 cot 5
1 3
2
O 1
135˚ 90˚ 45˚ 45˚ 90˚ 135˚
2 O
3 22.5˚ 22.5˚
4 2
5 3
4
5
1 1
53. 93 54. y (x 11)2
6 2
55. Symmetric () 56. Substitution ()
57. Multiplication () 58. Substitution ()
Chapter 14
Practice Quiz 1
Page 781
3
1. , 720 or 4 2. 5, 2, 8,
4 4
y y
5 6
4 4
3 1
3 y 4 sin 2 2
2
1 4 2
O
2 4
4
270˚ 180˚ 90˚
O
90˚ 180˚ 270˚
6
2 8
3 10
4 12 [1 (
y 2 cos 4 4 )] 5
5 14
3 213
3. 4.
5 3
25
5.
2

Lesson 14-4 Verifying Trigonometric Identities

Pages 784–785
?
1. sin tan sec cos 2. Sample answer: Use various
? 1 identities, multiply or divide
sin tan cos
cos terms to form an equivalent
1 expression, factor, and
sec
cos simplify rational expressions.
? 1 cos2
sin tan ,
cos cos
Multiply by the LCD, cos .
? 1 cos2
sin tan
cos
Subtract.
? sin2 1 cos 2
sin tan sin2
cos
? sin
sin tan sin
cos
Factor.
sin tan sin tan
sin
tan
cos
?
3. Sample answer: sin2 1 4. tan (cot tan ) sec 2
cos2 ; it is not an identity ?
because sin 2 1 cos2 . 1 tan2 sec2
sec2 sec2
? cos2 ?
5. tan2 cos2 1 cos2 6. 1 sin
1 sin
sin2 ?
cos2 sin2 1 sin2 ?
cos2 1 sin
1 sin
sin2 sin2 (1 sin )(1 sin ) ?
1 sin
1 sin
1 sin 1 sin

1 tan2 ? sin ? 1
7. tan2 8.
csc2 sec tan cot
sec2 sin ? 1
?
tan2 sin2 sin
csc2 sec
cos cos
1
sin ? 1
cos 2 ? sin2 cos2
tan2 sec
1
sin cos
sin 2
sin ? sin cos
1 ?
sin tan
2 2 sec sin2 cos2
cos2
sin ? sin cos
tan2 tan2
sec 1
sin sin

sec sec
sec 1 ? tan
9. 10. D
tan sec 1
sec 1 ? tan sec 1

tan sec 1 sec 1
sec 1 ? tan (sec 1)

tan sec2 1
sec 1 ? tan (sec 1)

tan tan2
sec 1 sec 1

tan tan
? ?
11. cos2 tan2 cos2 1 12. cot (cot tan ) csc2
sin2 ?
cos2 cos2 1
?
cot2 cot tan csc2
cos2
sin cos ?
? cot 2 csc 2
cos sin 1
2 2 cos sin
11 ?
cot2 1 csc2
csc2 csc2
? ?
13. 1 sec2 sin2 sec2 14. sin sec cot 1
1 ? 1 cos ?
1 sin2 sec2 sin 1
cos2 cos sin
? 11
1 tan2 sec2
sec2 sec2

1 2 cos2 ?
15. 16. tan cot
sin cos
1 cos ?
(csc cot )2 (1 cos2 ) cos2 ?
1 cos tan cot
1 cos ? sin cos
csc2 2 cot csc sin2 cos2 ?
1 cos tan cot
cot2 sin cos
1 cos ? 1 cos sin2 cos2 ?
2 tan cot
1 cos sin 2
sin sin cos sin cos
sin cos ?
1 cos2 tan cot
cos sin
sin sin2
tan cot tan cot
1 cos ? 1 2cos cos2

1 cos sin2 sin2 sin2
1 cos ? 1 2 cos cos2

1 cos sin2
1 cos ? (1 cos )(1 cos )

1 cos 1 cos2
1 cos ? (1 cos )(1 cos )

1 cos (1 cos )(1 cos )
1 cos 1 cos

1 cos 1 cos
17. 18.
? cot csc 1 tan
cot csc sin cos
?
sin tan sec
cos 1 sin
sin 1 cos
? sin
cot csc sin sin cos
?
1
sin
cos cos
cos 1 sin cos
? sin cos
cot csc sin cos sin sin cos
?
1
cos cos
cos 1 sin cos
?
? sin sin cos cos
cot csc sin (cos 1) cos
sin cos sin cos
cos
? cos 1
cot csc
sin
cos
sin (cos 1)
? cos 1
cot csc
sin sin
cot csc cot csc

sec sin ?
19. cot 20. sin

1 cos ?
2csc
sin cos 1 cos sin
1 sin sin 1 cos 1 cos ?
2csc
cos sin ? sin 1 cos 1 cos sin
cos cot sin2 1 2cos cos2 ?
sin 2csc
sin (1 cos ) sin (1 cos )
1 sin2 ?
cot sin2 cos2 1 2cos ?
2csc
sin cos sin cos sin (1 cos )
1 sin2 ? 2 2cos
cot sin (1 cos )
?
2csc
sin cos
2(1 cos ) ?
cos2 ? 2csc
cot sin (1 cos )
sin cos
2 ?
cos 2csc
? sin
cot
sin ?
2csc 2csc
cot cot
1 sin ? cot2 1 tan ? sin
21. 22.
sin csc 1 1 cot cos
1 sin cot2 csc 1 sin
?
1 cos sin
sin csc 1 csc 1 ?

1 sin cot2 (csc 1) cos cos
?
1
sin csc2 1 sin
sin cos
1 sin ? cot2 (csc 1)
cos ? sin
sin cot2
sin cos cos
1 sin ?
csc 1 sin
sin
sin cos sin ? sin
1 sin ? 1 sin
cos sin cos cos
sin sin sin sin sin
1 sin 1 sin
cos cos
sin sin
1 1 ? 1 ? tan2
23. 1 24. 1
sec2 csc2 cos sec 1
1 ? tan2 sec 1
cos2 sin2 1
?
1
cos sec 1 sec 1
11 1 tan2 (sec 1)
?
1
cos sec 2 1
1 ? tan (sec 1)
2
1
cos tan2
1 ?
1 sec 1
cos
1 1
1 1
cos cos

25. 1 tan4 26.

? ?
2 sec2 sec4 cos4 sin4 cos2 sin2
(1 tan2 )(1 tan2 ) (cos2 sin2 )(cos2 sin2 )
? ?
sec2 (2 sec2 ) cos2 sin2
[1 (sec2 1)](sec2 ) (cos2 sin2 ) 1
?
?
(2 sec2 )(sec2 ) cos2 sin2
(2 sec2 )(sec2 ) cos2 sin2 cos2 sin2
(2 sec2 )(sec2 )
1 cos ? sin cos cos ?
27. 28. 2sec
sin 1 cos 1 sin 1 sin
cos 1 sin cos 1 sin ?
1 cos 1 cos ? sin 2sec
1 sin 1 sin 1 sin 1 sin
sin 1 cos 1 cos cos 11 sin 2 cos 11 sin 2 ?
2sec
1 cos2 ? sin 11 sin 211 sin 2

sin (1 cos ) 1 cos cos sin cos cos sin cos ?
2 sec
1 sin 2
sin2 ? sin
2cos ?
2sec
sin (1 cos ) 1 cos cos2
sin sin 2

?
2sec
1 cos 1 cos cos2
2sec 2sec
? sin2 ?
29. tan sin cos csc2 1 30. 1 cos
1 cos
sin 1 ? sin2 1 cos
sin cos 2 1
?
1 cos
cos sin 1 cos 1 cos
11 sin2 (1 cos ) ?
1 cos
1 cos2
sin2 (1 cos ) ?
1 cos
sin2
1 cos 1 cos
sin2
v 02 tan2 v 02
cos2 32. 598.7 m
31.
2g sec2 1
2g
cos2
v 02 sin2 cos 2

2g cos2 1
v 20 sin2

2g

33. Sample answer: Consider a 34. Sample answer:

right triangle ABC with right Trigonometric identities are
angle at C. If an angle A has verified in a similar manner
a sine of x, then angle B to proving theorems in
must have a cosine of x. geometry before using them.
Since A and B are both in a Answers should include the
right triangle and neither is following.
the right angle, their sum • The expressions have not
yet been shown to be
must be .
2 equal, so you could not
use the properties of
equality on them.
• To show two expressions
you must transform one,
or both independently.
• Graphing two expressions
could result in identical
graphs for a set interval,
that are different
elsewhere.
35. D 36. B
37. 38.
is not may be
39. 40.
may be may be

41. 42.
may be is not
25 25
43. 44.
2 3
2193 27
45. 46.
12 4
47. 1: 360; 30 48. 1: 360; 45
y y
5 5
4 4
3 y cos ( 30˚) 3 y sin ( 45˚)
2 2
1 1
270˚ 180˚ 90˚

O O
90˚ 180˚ 270˚ 270˚ 180˚ 90˚ 90˚ 180˚ 270˚
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
5
49. 3; 2; 50.
2 6
y
5
4 (
y 3 cos 2 )
3
2
1
O

3 3
2 2 2 2 2
3
4
5
26 22
51. 52.
4 4
26 22 2 23
53. 54.
4 2 4

Lesson 14-5 Sum and Difference of Angles Formulas

Pages 788–790
1. sin ( ) sin sin 2. Use the formula sin( )

sin cos cos sin sin cos cos sin .
sin Since sin 105
sin(60 45), replace
with 60 and with 45 to
get sin 60 cos 45 cos 60
sin 45. By finding the sum of
the products of the values,
26 22
the result is
4
or about 0.9659.
26 22
3. Sometimes; sample answer: 4.
4
The cosine function can
equal 1.
26 22 22 26
5. 6.
4 4
23 23
7. 8.
2 2
1
9. 10. cos (270 )
2
?
cos 270 cos sin 270 sin
?
0 (1 sin )
sin

sin a b cos
?
11. 12. sin( 30) cos( 60)
2 ?
sin cos 30 cos cos 30
? cos cos 60 sin sin 60
sin cos cos sin cos
2 2 ? 23 1
sin cos
2 2
?
sin 0 cos 1 cos 1
cos
23
sin
cos cos 2
? 1
2
1
cos cos
2 2
cos
5 23 22
13. 14.
1 5 23 2

22 26 26 22
15. 16.
4 4
26 22 26 22
17. 18.
4 4
26 22 22
19. 20.
4 2
22 22 26
21. 22.
2 4
22 23
23. 24.
2 2
22 26 22
25. 26.
4 2
26 22
27. 28. sin (270 )
4
?
sin 270 cos cos 270 sin
?
1 cos 0
cos
29. cos (90 ) 30. cos (90 )
?
?
cos 90 cos sin 90 sin cos 90 cos sin 90 sin
?
?
0 1 sin 0 cos 1 sin
sin sin
sin 1 2
? 3 ?
31. sin(90 ) cos 32. cos
2
sin 90 cos cos 90 sin 3 3
sin cos cos sin
? 2 2
cos
?
? cos
1 cos 0 sin cos
?
? sin 0 cos (1) cos
cos 0 cos
?
cos cos 0 (cos ) cos
cos cos

? ?
33. cos ( ) cos 34. cos(2 ) cos
cos cos sin sin cos 2 cos [sin 2 sin ]
?
cos ?
cos
?
1 cos 0 sin cos 1 cos [0 sin ] cos
?
cos cos
?
1 cos 0 cos
cos cos
?
35. sin( ) sin 36. sin (60 ) sin (60 )
?
sin cos [cos sin ] sin
? sin 60 cos cos 60 sin
sin 60 cos cos 60 sin
?
0 cos [1 sin ] sin ? 23 1
cos sin
?
2 2
0 [sin ] sin 23 1
sin sin cos sin
2 2
23 cos

37. sin a b cos a b 38. sin ( ) sin ( )
3 6
sin2 sin2
?
sin cos cos sin ?
3 3 (sin cos cos sin )

cos cos sin sin (sin cos cos sin )
6 6
?
?1 23 23 sin2 cos2 cos2 sin2
sin cos
2 2 2 ?
1 sin2 (1 sin2 )
cos sin
2 (1 sin2 ) sin2
? 1 1
sin sin ?
sin2 sin2 sin2
2 2
sin sin2 sin2 sin2
sin2 sin2

39. 40. y
4
? 1 tan tan
cos ( ) y 10 sin (2t 30°) 10 cos (2t 60°)
sec sec
sin sin
? 1 cos cos
cos ( ) 180° 90° O 90° 180° t
1 1 2
cos
cos
4
?
cos ( )
sin sin
1 cos cos cos
cos

1

1 cos cos
cos cos
?
cos ( )
cos cos sin sin
1
cos ( ) cos ( )
41. Destructive; the resulting 42. 0.3681 E
graph has a smaller
amplitude than the two initial
graphs.
43. 0.4179 E 44. 0.6157 E
45. 0.5563 E 46. tan ( )
sin( )

cos( )
sin cos cos sin

cos cos sin sin
sin cos cos sin
cos cos
cos cos
cos cos sin sin
cos cos
cos cos
tan tan

1 tan tan

tan ( )
sin( )

cos( )
sin cos cos sin

cos cos sin sin
sin cos cos sin
cos cos
cos cos
cos cos sin sin
cos cos
cos cos
tan tan

1 tan tan
47. Sample answer: To 48. A

determine communication
interference, you need to
determine the sine or cosine
of the sum or difference of
two angles. Answers should
include the following
information.
• Interference occurs when
waves pass through the
same space at the same
time. When the combined
waves have a greater
amplitude, constructive
interference results and
when the combined waves
have a smaller amplitude,
destructive interference
results.
49. C 50. cot sec
? cos2 sin

sin cos
? cos2 sin

sin cos sin cos
? cos 1

sin cos
cot sec

51. sin2 tan2 52.

? sec2
(1 cos2 ) ?
sin (sin csc ) 2 cos2
csc 2
sec2 ?
?
sin2 sin2 1 2 cos2
csc2
?
? 1 1 1 cos2 1 2 cos2
sin2
cos2 sin2 2 cos2 2 cos2

? sin2
sin2
cos2
sin2 tan2
sec ?
53. csc 54. 1
tan
1 sin ?

csc
cos cos
1 cos ?
csc
cos sin
1 ?
csc
sin
csc csc
55. 4 56. sec
57. 2 sec 3 234
58. sin ,
34
5 234 3
cos , tan ,
34 5
234
csc ,
3
234 5
sec , cot
5 3
4 3
59. sin , cos , 60. sin 1, cos 0,
5 5
4 5 tan undefined,
tan , csc , csc 1, sec undefined,
3 4
5 3 cot 0
sec , cot
3 4
61. 360 62. 3,991,680
63. 56 64. 210
y2 x2
65. about 228 mi 66. 1
34 6
2 25 3
67. 68.
2 5

25 3
69. 70.
5 4
26 3 25
71. 72.
2 5
2 16 12 222 12
73. 74.
2 2
Lesson 14-6 Double-Angle and Half-Angle Formulas

Pages 794–797
1. Sample answer: If x is in the 2. Sample answer: 45;

x
third quadrant, then is cos 2(45) cos 90 or 0,
2 12
between 90 and 135. Use 2 cos 45 2 or 22
2
the half-angle formula for
cosine knowing that the
value is negative.
24 7 25 2 25
3. Sample answer: The identity 4. , , ,
25 25 5 5
used for cos 2 depends on
whether you know the value
of sin , cos , or both values.
4 25 1 230 26 23 1 22 13
5. , , , 6. , , ,
9 9 6 6 2 2 2
22 13
2
3 27 1 22 13
7. , , 8.
8 8 2
28 2 17 28 2 17
,
4 4
22 13 ? sin 2x
9. 10. cot x
2 1 cos 2x
? 2 sin x cos x

1 (1 2 sin2 x)
? 2 sin x cos x

2 sin2 x
? cos x

sin x
cot x
?
11. cos2 2x 4 sin2 x cos2 x 1 12. 1.64
?
cos2 2x sin2 2x 1
11
120 119 5 226 226 4 26 23 210 215
13. , , , 14. , , ,
169 169 26 26 25 25 5 5
4 22 7 26 23 24 7 3 210 210
15. , , , 16. , , ,
9 9 3 3 25 25 10 10
3 255 23 28 155 215 7 210 26
17. , , , 18. , , ,
32 32 4 8 8 4 4
28 155

4
235 17 215 221 120 119 5 226 226
19. , , , 20. , , ,
18 18 6 6 169 169 26 26
4 22 7 23 16 4 13 215 7 28 2 115
21. , , 22. , , ,
9 9 6 8 8 4
23 16 4 13 28 2 115

6 4
4 25 1 26 230 4 221 17
23. , , , 24. , ,
9 9 6 6 5 25
25 110 1210
,
10
25 110 1210
10
22 13 22 12
25. 26.
2 2
22 12 22 13
27. 28.
2 2
22 12 22 13
29. 30.
2 2
? x ?
31. sin 2x 2 cot x sin2 x 32. 2 cos2 1 cos x
2
? cos x
2 sin x cos x 2 sin2 x 1 cos x
2
2a b
?
sin x
2 sin x cos x 2 sin x cos x
3 2
1 cos x
1 cos x
2a b
?
1 cos x
2
1 cos x 1 cos x

? 1
33. 34. sin2 x (1 cos2 x)
2
?
sin4 x cos4 x 2 sin2 x 1 ? 1
(sin2 x cos2 x)(sin2 x cos2 x) sin2 x [1 (1 2 sin2 x)]
2
? ? 1
2 sin2 x 1 sin2 x (2 sin2 x)
2
(sin2 x cos2 x) 1
sin2 x sin2 x
?
2 sin2 x 1
[sin2 x (1 sin2 x)] 1
?
2 sin2 x 1
sin2 x 1 sin2 x
?
2 sin2 x 1
2 sin2 x 1 2 sin2 x 1
x ? 1 cos x 1 cos x ?
35. tan2 36. tan x
2 1 cos x sin x cos x sin x
sin2 2
x 1 cos2 x ?
? 1 cos x tan x
sin x cos x
2 x 1 cos x sin2 x
cos ?
tan x
2 sin x cos x
1 cos x 2
a b sin x
3
?
tan x
2 ? 1 cos x cos x

1 cos x 2 1 cos x tan x tan x
a b
3 2
1 cos x 1 cos x

1 cos x 1 cos x
1 cos L
37. 46.3 38.

1 3 1 cos L
1 cos L
1
3 1 cos L
2
39. 2 23 40. v 2 (tan tan sin2 )
g
? 2
v 2 tan (1 sin2 )
g
? 2
v 2 tan cos2
g
? 2 2
v sin cos
g
v 2 sin 2

g

1
41. tan 42. y
4 2.5
2 y sin2 x
1.5
1
0.5 x
3 O 3
2
2 2 2
1
1 1.5
y 2 cos 2x
2 y cos2 x
2.5
Sample answer: They all

have the same shape and
are vertical translations of
each other.

43. The maxima occur at x 44. y
2
2.5
3
and . The minima occur 2 y sin 2x
2 1.5
at x 0, and 2. 1
0.5 x
O
270˚ 180˚ 90˚ 90˚ 180˚ 270˚
1
1.5
2
2.5
45. The graph of f(x) crosses the 46. c 1 and d 0.5

x-axis at the points specified
in Exercise 41.
47. Sample answer: The sound 48. D
waves associated with music
can be modeled using
trigonometric functions.
• In moving from one
harmonic to the next, the
number of vibrations that
appear as sine waves
increase by 1.

• The period of the function

as you move from the nth
harmonic to the (n 1)th
harmonic decreases from
2 2
to .
n n1
26 22
49. B 50.
4
26 22 22
51. 52.
4 2
23 26 22
53. 54.
2 4
1
55. 56.
2
? cos2 csc2 sin2
cot2 sin2
sin2 csc2
1
?
cos2 sin2 sin2
cot sin
2 2
1
sin2 sin2
cot2 sin2
?
cot2 sin2
1
cot2 sin2 cot2 sin2
57. cos (cos cot ) 58. 101 or 10
?
cot cos 1sin 12
? cos
cos sin cot cos
sin
?
cos2 cot cos
cos (cos cot )
59. 102.5 or about 316 times 60. 6, 5
greater
61. 1, 1 62. 0, 2
5 1 1
63. , 2 64. ,
2 2 2
1
65. 0,
2

Chapter 14
Practice Quiz 2
Page 797
?
1. sin sec tan 2. ?
sec cos sin tan
1 ? 1 cos ?
sin tan cos
cos
cos
sin tan
cos
sin ? 1 cos2 ?
tan sin tan
cos cos cos
? 1 cos2 ?
tan tan sin tan
cos
sin2 ?
sin tan
cos
sin ?
sin sin tan
cos
sin tan sin tan
? sin (cos 1) ?
3. sin tan 4. sin (90 ) cos
cos
? sin cos sin sin 90 cos cos 90 sin cos
?
sin tan
cos ?
cos 0 cos
? sin cos sin
sin tan cos cos
cos cos
sin tan sin tan
3
cos a
b sin 6. sin ( 30) cos ( 60)
?
5.
2
3 3 ?
cos cos sin
?
sin sin (sin cos 30 cos sin 30)
2 2
(cos cos 60 sin sin 60)
?
0 (1 sin ) sin 13
a cos b
? 1
sin
sin sin 2 2
13
a cos sin b
1

2 2
? 1 1
cos cos
2 2
cos
23 9 282
7. 8.
2 82
22 13 22 12
9. 10.
2 2

Lesson 14-7 Solving Trigonometric Equations

Pages 802–804
1. Sample answer: If sec 0 2. Sample answer: The function
1 is periodic with two solutions
then 0. Since no value
cos in each of its infinite number
1
of makes 0. there of periods.
cos
are no solutions.
3. Sample answer: sin 2 4. 60, 120, 240, 300
5 3
5. 135, 225 6. , , ,
6 2 6 2
2k
7. 8. 0
6 3
9. 0 k 10. 90 k 360, 180

k 360
7 11
11. 60 k 360, 300 k 360 12. 2k, 2k or
6 6
210 k 360, 330
k 360
5
13. 2k, 2k, 2k 14. 31.3
6 6 2
or 30 k 360, 150
360, 90 k 360
15. 60, 300 16. 240, 300
17. 210, 330 18. 30, 150, 210, 330
5 3
19. , , 20.
6 6 2 2
7 11 3 2 4
21. , 22. , , ,
6 6 2 2 3 3
5
23. 2k, 2k 24. 2k, 2k,
3 3 3
5
2k
3
2 4
25. 2k, 2k 26. 0 2k
3 3
5 5
27. 2k, 2k 28. 0 k, 2k, 2k
3 3 6 6

29. 45 k 180 30. 0 k 180

31. 270 k 360 32. 30 k 360,
150 k 360
33. 0 k 180, 60 k 180 34. 120 k 360,
240 k 360
3 7 11
35. 0 2k, 2k, 2k 36. 2k, 2k or
2 2 6 6
or 0 k 360, 90 k 360, 210 k 360,
270 k 360 330 k 360
2 4
37. 0 k or 0 k 180 38. k, 2k, 2k
2 3 3
or 90 k 180, 120 k
360, 240 k 360
5
39. 0 2k, 2k, 2, 40. 4k or 90 k 720
3 3 2
or 0 k 360, 60 k
360, 300 k 360
352
41. S or S 352 cot 42. about 32
tan
3 3
43. y sin (t) 44. 10
2 2
y
3 3
4 y 2 2 sin ( t )
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
O t
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1
45. (4.964, 0.598) 46. Sample answer:

Temperatures are cyclic and
can be modeled by
trigonometric functions.

• A temperature could occur

twice in a given period
such as when the
temperature rises in the
spring and falls in autumn.
47. D 48. B
24 7 210 3 210 23 1 1 23
49. , , , 50. , , ,
25 25 10 10 2 2 2 2
5 211 7 23 233 24 7 25 2 25
51. , , , 52. , , ,
18 18 6 6 25 25 5 5
23 22
53. 54.
2 2
55. b 11.0, c 12.2, mC 78

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Chapter 1 Solving Equations and Inequalities

©Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 1 Algebra 2 Chapter 1

41. 4.2 42. 5.3

51. 16 52. 30

©Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 2 Algebra 2 Chapter 1

Lesson 1-2 Properties of Real Numbers

1a. Sample answer: 2 2. A rational number is the ratio

©Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 3 Algebra 2 Chapter 1

39. 1 40. natural numbers

©Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 4 Algebra 2 Chapter 1

67. 4700 ft2 68. $113(0.36  0.19);

©Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 5 Algebra 2 Chapter 1

• If a store had a 25% off

©Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 6 Algebra 2 Chapter 1

Lesson 1-3 Solving Equations

1. Sample answer: 2x 14 2. Sometimes true; only when

©Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 7 Algebra 2 Chapter 1

27. 2rh  2r 2 28. 2r 1h  r 2

©Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 8 Algebra 2 Chapter 1

67. a Chun-Wei’s age; a  68. c cost per student;

69. n number of lamps broken; 70. h height of can A;

71. 15.1 mi/month 72. Central: 690 mi.; Union:

©Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 9 Algebra 2 Chapter 1

• To find the intensity level for

Lesson 1-4 Solving Absolute Value Equations

©Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 10 Algebra 2 Chapter 1

13. 586 14. 0 x 160 0 2

33. 52, 166 e 2, f

e 2, f 38. 54, 16

©Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 11 Algebra 2 Chapter 1

minus 0.3, as shown in

©Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 12 Algebra 2 Chapter 1

Lesson 1-5 Solving Inequalities

7. 5y 0 y  66 or 16,  2 8. 5w 0 w 76 or 1 , 72

9. 5p 0 p  156 or 115,  2 10. 5n 0 n 246 or 1 , 244

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 ⫺30 ⫺28 ⫺26 ⫺24 ⫺22 ⫺20

11. all real numbers or 1 ,  2 12. 12n  36; n  3

13. 2n 3 5; n 4 14. at least 92

⫺14 ⫺12 ⫺10 ⫺8 ⫺6 ⫺4 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

17. 5x 0 x 76 or 1 , 72 18. 5d 0 d  86 or 18,  2

19. 5g 0 g 276 or 1 , 274 20. 5p 0 p 36 or 1 , 34

©Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 13 Algebra 2 Chapter 1

23. 5m 0 m  46 or 14,  2 24. e b ` b

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

29. 5x 0 x 2796 or 1 , 2792 30. 5c 0 c  186 or 118,  2

⫺8 ⫺6 ⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0

35. e y ` y f or a , b 36. 5p 0 p  06 or 10,  2

39. at least 25 h 40. no more than 14 rides

©Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 14 Algebra 2 Chapter 1

59. 514, 206 e , f

©Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 15 Algebra 2 Chapter 1

65. I, R 66. 4.25(5.5  8); 4.25(5.5) 

e 4, f 70. 511, 256

Lesson 1-6 Solving Compound and

©Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 16 Algebra 2 Chapter 1

11. 5g 0 13 g 56 12. 5k 0 3 k 76

19. 0 n 0  8 20. 0 n 0 1.2

⫺8 ⫺4 0 4 8 12 ⫺1.4 ⫺1.2 0 1.2 1.4 1.6

31. 5f 0 7 f 56 32. all real numbers

©Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 17 Algebra 2 Chapter 1

37. 5b 0 b  10 or b 26 38. 5r 0 3 r 46

67. 4700 ft2 68. $113(0.36 0.19);

27. 2rh 2r 2 28. 2r 1h r 2

67. a Chun-Wei’s age; a 68. c cost per student;

7. 5y 0 y 66 or 16, 2 8. 5w 0 w 76 or 1, 72

9. 5p 0 p 156 or 115, 2 10. 5n 0 n 246 or 1, 244

11. all real numbers or 1, 2 12. 12n 36; n 3

17. 5x 0 x 76 or 1, 72 18. 5d 0 d 86 or 18, 2

19. 5g 0 g 276 or 1, 274 20. 5p 0 p 36 or 1, 34

23. 5m 0 m 46 or 14, 2 24. e b ` b

29. 5x 0 x 2796 or 1, 2792 30. 5c 0 c 186 or 118, 2

35. e y ` y f or a, b 36. 5p 0 p 06 or 10, 2

65. I, R 66. 4.25(5.5 8); 4.25(5.5)

19. 0 n 0 8 20. 0 n 0 1.2

37. 5b 0 b 10 or b 26 38. 5r 0 3 r 46

63. n 1 or 1, 12 64. 0 x 587 0 5; highest: 592

65. D {0, 1, 2}, 66. 5x 0 1 x 26

67. 5x 0 x 6 or x 26 68. $7.95

11. y 12. 5.5/hr

13. 1.25/hr 14. 2:00 P.M.–4:00 P.M.

47. 68F 48. 40