Project Made By:anjali - Chourasia (TYBMS) Page 1 On "Dharma"-Imtp

Project made by:Anjali.
Chourasia(TYBMS) Page 1
On “DHARMA”-IMTP
Introduction
The Concept of Dharma
Sri Krishna explains to Arjuna that one's duty is of paramount importance,

for it is the means to fulfill the purpose of life. That which supports the
fulfillment of one's duty is called Dharma. Dharma is not comparable to
religion; it encompasses all the dimensions of life. It refers to duties done
harmoniously, skillfully, selflessly and lovingly. It supports one in fulfilling
the purpose of life and helps one to relate to others and to society in a
harmonious way.
But Dharma does not only mean fulfilling one’s duty. The word Dharma is
derived from the root “Dhr” which means to uphold. Thus Dharma means to
uphold one’s duty, to uphold truth at all times. Thus whosoever speaks the
truth is said to fulfill their Dharma. This one point is constantly referred in
the Mahabharata, where Bhishma Pitama mentions that those who are on the
side of truth in the battle of Kurukshetra are on the path of Dharma. Bhishma
Pitama also mentions to Yudhistira whatever creates conflict is Adharma
(antonym of Dharma), and whatever puts an end to conflict and brings about
unity and harmony is Dharma.
Dharma therefore means to be on the path of righteousness. Those following

such a path are at all times in sync with the truth. Ideally the aim of Dharma
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is to make one reach Moksha or Nirvana or self-realization and in this
process Dharma aims to elevate the characters of men.
The rules of Dharma have been laid down for regulating the worldly affairs
of men. Dharma is the means of preserving one’s self. If you violate the law,
it will kill you. If you protect it, it will protect you. It is your soul companion
after death. It is the sole refuge of humanity.
Dharma is classified into

 Samanya Dharma
 Visesha Dharma
Samanya Dharma is general and Universal Dharma and Visesha Dharma is

specific and personal Dharma.
Elements of Samanya Dharma

1. Contentment (santosh)
2. forgiveness
3. self-restraint
4. non-stealing
5. purity
6. control of senses
7. discrimination between right and wrong, as also between the real and
the unreal
8. spiritual knowledge
9. truthfulness
10. Absence of anger comes under the general or universal Dharma
Visesha Dharma includes duties toward one's birth, age, family, society,
career, job and spiritual life
Thus Dharma shows people the correct path to follow throughout their lives.
It is an unwritten law that guides man in conducting himself with good
behavior. This is why Dharma is so vital. The teachings haven’t withered
with time but the same has only gotten stronger.
Dharma and Karma:

We should avoid even the smallest negative actions, and we should perform
even the most insignificant positive actions without underestimating their
value. The reason for this is that the happiness we all want and the suffering
we all try to avoid are produced precisely by our actions, or karma.
The Dalai Lama, a Flash of Lightening in the Dark of Night

All religions of the world have certain commonalities in them. One such
commonality is not to commit any sort of sins or crimes. Society has made
rules and regulations to ensure that all those committing such action are
going to be met with justice.
Sins are negative actions for which there will be negative repercussions.
Similarly there are positive deeds that one is always expected to do. Such
deeds lead to positive repercussions. They say your action decides your
future. The kind of consequence one faces purely depends upon their action.
Thus the concept of Karma says that one must at all times continue pursuing
what he/she is supposed to do. One must ensure to try and do things which
lead to a positive consequence. Consequences of actions are known as
Karamphala. A positive Karamphala is Poonya and a negative Karamphala
is known as Paap.
According to Hindu Scriptures, the life a person lives is based on his/her

past actions. The present will shape the future. Thus the law of Karma
always advises people to ensure that at all times they’re trying to make a
positive difference in their daily lives by which everyone benefits.
“The concept of Karma makes one fully responsible for what happens to
him/her. One is not subject to the tyranny of destiny or fate. One can
determine one’s own destiny. Action or Karma is the route”
Popularly it is said that one must not worry too much about the results but
must continue doing what they’re supposed to do. Students are supposed to
study, doctors are supposed to diagnose etc. No matter what the work one
has to do, one must make sure that it is done with utmost sincerity,
wholeheartedly and lovingly.
These are the elements of Dharma as explained by Shri Krishna to Arjuna.

This is where Dharma and Karma come together. Where there is dharma you
cannot avoid karma. Karma does not exist independently of dharma, and
only dharma makes karma work. The concept of karma is that if you go
against dharma, you have to pay the price for it.
Even Gods and kings get affected by their Karma. According to the
Ramayana, the great Ravana, king of Lanka also had to face the
repercussions of his karma. The result of his sins was his death at the hands
of Lord Rama.
Therefore if kings cannot escape the results of their past actions, what can be
said about us mere mortals? The aim of life is to perform your work in a way
by which positive deeds are created. For that to happen one must at all times
be on the path of righteousness. That is Dharma.
Karma bound by Dharma, leads one to happiness and bliss. The objective is
to achieve Moksha or self-realization.
The rest of the world may not know this but Karma can be seen everywhere.
Today, some companies are successful is because they have done work in
the past which has led to positive consequences that has proven beneficial
for companies, stakeholders and society.
 The Tata Group built Jameshedpur and set up industries there, that
was positive Karma.
 Sony made a contribution to change the perception of people in the
50’s of the brand Made in Japan. This has proven to be beneficial for
Japanese industries. This is also positive Karma.
Companies need to inculcate the teachings of Dharma and Karma in order to

bring scientific changes in their management whereby performance and
behavior of employees is guided by these teachings.
Different people have different duties by virtue of their positions. This

concept is known as Swadharma. This is what companies need to understand
and can be used as a strong HRM tool where by each and every employee’s
role becomes well defined.
Corporate leaders can very well use these concepts of Dharma and Karma to
build characters of their employees. Such concepts can help companies build

on a long lasting reputation in industry and society. They can position
themselves as the company that is on the path of righteousness.
Thanks to an enlightened mindset, the bottom line is not the sole criterion that
fires corporate thinking these days.
There is a clear crosscurrent based on Indian ethos and eastern spiritual values
that's quietly pervading boardrooms across the globe. The grit and gumption of
Oriental nations is creating a strong undercurrent that's holding back western
domination of markets. Japan led the way. Now it is the turn of China and
India…
Modern management is increasingly adopting Vedic precepts to stay in the

race for market share. The Vedas are a systematic and formulated study of
the science of life. Vedanta literally means the end (anta) of knowledge
(ved).
Says Anuj Bahl of Logic Control: "Indian ethos is more vital to modern
management than any other management theory for the simple reason that it takes
in to account a 'whole' man rather than approaching man in a partial fashion as
the other theories do. Each and every situation can be met with effectively if one
takes time to reflect over it. Reflection with a tranquil mind helps in drawing out
solutions from within. Such guidance from within, helps a manager look at the
perceived problem situation in a creative manner. It leads to a more coherent and
complete understanding."
Advaita Vedanta (monism) advises us that we should determine our goals,

identify our capabilities and focus our actions upon the goals. Vedanta identifies
key areas where man suffers on various fronts due to the ignorance of various
laws of life and nature. Such ignorance leads to a loss in physical and mental
energies causing tremendous damage in the effective implementation of the
decisions and actions of an individual.
The first point we need to understand is the importance of reducing the Ego as it
fosters self-centered, separatist tendencies. A practical way to control the ego at
the workplace is to emulate what the public relations company IPAN (Indian
Public Affairs Network) does. Here the staff's visiting cards do not mention their
designation, simply the names. This goes for the CEO, Rajeev Desai too. In this
manner a misplaced sense of hierarchy is discouraged and though every
executive handles a certain number of clients only, each is in principle
responsible for all.
As we all know, human desires never end. And as salaries, aspirations,

expectations, workloads, work hours and deadlines rise, the body and mind of
employees across all levels of the spectrum are increasingly coming under strain.
Putting in 16 to 20 hours a day is not uncommon in IT, foreign banking,
advertising, public relations and some segments of the media. While this may
boost company profits, there are unwanted consequences for management and
employees alike. The primary one is that hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular
disease, obesity, nervous breakdowns, viral infections, cancer and other stress-
induced ailments are making a much early appearance with more alarming
frequency of dharma.

"External situations only mirror what
employees are within.”
If employee lives are unwholesome, distressed, imbalanced, disintegrated and

out-of-sync with the laws of nature, the external situations for themselves and
their organizations cannot be otherwise."
To protect bottom line interests, corporates are hiring consultants to help

safeguard and promote the well being of employees. In tackling stress-induced
ailments, New Age practices such as yoga, meditation, Vipassana and prayer are
finding wide acceptance
Dr. M.B Athreya (management consultant) says that in many companies these
workshops are open to all employees, and even unions.
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In fact, sometimes it is the managers and senior executives who are gyaan
paapis (resisting the light of knowledge). "The utilization of New Age
principles has brought balance in the minds of union leaders about their
broader responsibility to stakeholders, including society. Thanks to this
thinking, at least some workers refrain from making populist demands on
their representatives. Line executives acquire more compassion in their
human relations. The relationship between line and personnel managers
moves towards cooperation."
Dr. Athreya also says that at the top management level the ideas of
organizational dharma, including social responsibility and good corporate
governance, are finding global favor. Companies using such principles are
the Godrej group, the Vardhaman group, Indian Oil Corporation, Lupin
Laboratories, Excel Industries, Yash Paper, Eicher, et al.
This is a line echoed by Vikas Malkani spiritual guide and author. Malkani
says that the social aspect is increasingly being accorded more prominence.
Whenever the me-too syndrome has consumers confused about which brand
to opt for, they will gravitate towards companies that have fostered an image
of responsible corporate citizens by supporting social and environmental
issues. What we in India term "public service" promotions. Here, the Tatas,
Godrej, the Birlas and others have exhibited a high level of social and
environmental consciousness.
And discounting a popular notion, Athreya says that liberalization since

1991 is changing the rules towards dharma. Companies with kaushalam,
samatva, sevaa and keerti (skill, equanimity, service and fame) will thrive.

Despite rivals sometimes hitting below the belt, organizations that follow
ethical business practices need not suffer a dip in profits.
Two companies that have steadfastly promoted and practiced ethical

precepts in management are Wipro Corporation and Infosys Ltd. It's no
coincidence that both have scaled dizzying heights and can proudly claim
the largest market capitalization amongst Indian corporates. The lesson in
the twin success stories is loud and clear: those who take the long, hard but
ethical road to success are assured of long-term dividends that aren't eroded
with the next Union Budget. Short-cut success is short-lived success.
Athreya insists that to view ethics and business as incompatible is to take a

superficial and cynically convenient view. "Long-term, sustainable profits
can only come through dharma. Profit coming from adharma will disappear

due to competition offering better value for money. In a pluralistic, open
economy, dealers, vendors and employees have the choice of leaving for
another organization. Lower tax rates and better enforcement make
compliance and dharma more feasible."
Bhatnagar argues that "the correct index of success should not be money. It
should be a 'sense of abundance' that an individual or organization feels they
are enjoying. Again, abundance does not mean resources, turnover or net
profits alone. It means abundance of everything—peace, happiness and
harmony within and without, not just for the top few but for everybody in
the organization. Seen in the above context, ethical and spiritual principles
are not only compatible with the profit motive, they are the only means to
ensure it".
Indeed, this synthesis is imperative for long-lasting success and societal well
being. Corporates have realized that the pursuit of self-interest will not only
destroy the environment, but our social fabric as well. The era of
shortsighted corporate autocracy is gradually coming to an end. If our
country, our planet has to survive, it cannot be otherwise.
A good leader must have a firm and fair style. "He or she must follow sresta
dharma (best practices) and samathva (equitability)."
It is a must for any corporate to attach importance to customer values,

shareholder values, employee values, societal values and leadership values,
he emphasised. Good corporate governance is the one that focuses on
customer satisfaction. The company must give value for money to its

customers. This ensures a good, mutually beneficial relationship between the
company and its customers.
Insisting that companies should focus on enhancing shareholder wealth, Dr

Athreya said there must be an equitable, not necessarily equal, distribution
of wealth among CEOs, employees and shareholders. "Sustained returns to
shareholders and transparency in business dealings are also equally
important," he said.
Today, any management faces many pressing problems to survive and grow
in a competitive world. Even in this environment, corporates must be whole-
heartedly committed to human resource development and corporate social
responsibility.
BUDDHA – DHARMA:
Buddha – Dharma does not have any bearing to god or any religion
whatsoever, it is in fact an interpretation of the Dharmic way of life
according to Gautam Buddha and other Buddhist scholars.
Here, Buddha – Dharma does not reflect the personalities of these leaders
rather it signifies the importance of the attitude of mind that enables a
practitioner of Dharma to re-harmonise his personal nature with the

principles of Dharma which will lead him/her towards the undoing of all
egoistical falsehood and ultimately make him achieve ‘Moksh’ or as we
would say in English liberation.
Different traditions regard Dharma in a different light. While some regard it

as the ultimate and transcendent truth others who regard Buddha as an
enlightened soul see it as his teachings. Here, it is important to note that no
matter what your personal belief is the bottom line remains that you should
adhere to Dharmic principles and try and lead a righteous life.

QUALITIES OF BUDDHA-
DHARMA:
 Dharma is not a speculative philosophy it is the universal law found

through self – enlightenment.
It deals with moral principles, concentration, self – control,
willingness and wisdom to do the right thing.
 Dharma can be tested by practice alone.

You cannot expect to read up on teachings or listen to others
experiences and hope to experience it yourself. You have to make a
conscious effort to practice the Dharmic way of life to get results.
 Dharma is able to bestow timeless and immediate results here and

now for which there is no need to wait until the future or next
existence.
Nobody says that you must be Dharmic and only after you reach a
certain level of enlightenment you will be at peace or that if you are
dharmic in this lifer you will reap results in the next. Dharma like
everything else related to spirituality is a state of mind and comes
from within. If you chose to lead a good life the results will be
immediate. There is no ‘conditions apply’ factor present here.

 Dharma welcomes all human beings to put it to the test.
There is no discrimination here. All human beings can strive to lead a
dharmic way of life no matter what walk of life they come from and
reap the results of their efforts.
 Dharma is worthy to be followed as a part of ones life.

Trying to be dharmic is not a short-term practice. To truly lead a well-
balanced and fruitful life we must make dharma a part of ones life.
It is said that by knowing these attributes, practitioners of dharma will attain

inner peace and happiness. Each person here is individually responsible for
himself to put these principles into practice.
Here, these leaders who have interpreted Dharma are compared to doctors
whereas the Dharma is compared to medicine. However skillful a doctor is

results will be apparent only if the patient makes efforts to administer the
medicine himself.
In conclusion, we can say that Buddha – Dharma is used to refer to the

teachings of Buddha, not in the context of the words of one man but as a
reflection of a natural law that was re-discovered by this man and shred with
the world. So a person who lives their life with an understanding of natural
law, is a dharmic or righteous person.
How the concept of dharma is useful

to practicing managers:
The most central and core concept of Hindu philosophy is known as
Dharma. There is no accurate translation of the word into English but we
may have a glimpse of its vast scope by translating Dharma as right action,
right conduct, virtue, moral law etc. Every form of life, every group of

people has its Dharma, which is the law of its being. Dharma or virtue is
conformity with the truth of things; adharma or vice is opposition to it.
Dharma is a strategy not a religious thought or superstition. Corporate image

depends upon the dharmic management followed. Dharmic management
becomes a practice in the entire organization right from CEO to Class-IV
employees. Dharma helps managers from becoming Hippocrates. Managers
and management becomes more transparent. There may be short term losses
or loss of profit but in long run firm will be profitable. Indian Examples:
Narayana Murthy, Aziz Premji, TATA’s.
Dharma helps managers to enjoy his work to attain any useful purpose",
"belief in the conservation of moral values", " a mode of life or a code of
conduct which regulate a manager's work and activities as a member of
company and as an society to bring about his gradual development and
enable him to reach what was deemed to be the goal of human existence".
scheme or code of laws which bind together managers in the bonds of

mutual rights and duties, of causes-and-consequences of actions arising out
of their temperamental characters, in relation to each other and company as
well as society.
In the insolvable problem when a manager faces-na dharmasaukshmyat

subhage vivektutm shaknomi te prasnam imamyatthaavat;
"I am unable to answer your question because Dharma is subtle"
A manager is able to define the boundaries of Dharma through interactions,
discussions, reading of scriptures, the great epics, legends, mythologies,
history, drama and a wide variety of stories heard throughout the formative
years. These experiences help constitute personal measures and yardsticks
that an individual may use in making decisions throughout the lifetime. In a
sense this is the manager's conscience and it is perhaps the only available
light that guides his actions. There are no other readily available manuals
that can serve to distinguish our actions.
In India it is important for us to profit by modern technical processes and

increase our production but in doing so we must not forget that the essential
objective to be aimed at is the quality of the managers and the concept of
dharma underlying it.
Managers practicing dharmic management will be able to develop following

characteristics-
 He who hates no creature, who is friendly and compassionate to all,

who is free from attachment and egoism, balanced in pleasure and
pain, and forgiving. Lord Krishna enumerates the characteristic
feature of a Man-of-Perfection, and thereby prescribes the correct
mode-of-conduct and way of life for all seekers.
 He by whom the world is not agitated(affected), and who cannot be

agitated by the world, who is freed from joy, fear and anxiety-

He by whom the world is not agitated- a Man-of-Perfection is one
who will not create any agitations in the world around him.Who
cannot be agitated by the world- not only does a Man-of-perfection
queiten the very world around him, into a dynamic peace, but also the
world, however chaotic, revolting cannot create any agitations in
him.He is completely freed from – all the usual causes for inward
agitation such as “joy, envy, fear and anxiety”. A person ever peaceful
with himself and the world, who rules the circumstances and never
yields to be victimized by them, who has crossed over the usual
weaknesses of the mortal heart is dear to Lord Krishna.
 He who is free from wants, pure, alert, unconcerned, untroubled

develop his inspiration, equanimity within himself.“who is
pure”(sucih)- dirt has no place within or without a true and honest
manager. It is well known that the condition of a man’s table can give
a great insight into the mental nature, discipline and culture of that
man. “Alert” (Daksah) - enthusiasm is the key to success in any
undertaking. Managers should be intellectually vigorous. He should
be ever on his toes to take up the activity.” Unconcerned” (Udasinah)
- this means to economize our mental energies. Managers should
realize the importance of difficulties, wants, discomforts arisen in
completion of the project in order to have a positive way to deal and
solve these problems. “Untroubled” (free from trembling)- the inward
tremors are experienced only when any burning desire has conquered
completely. Managers should never allow their inner person to enter
into any such fears or agitations.“renouncing every undertaking”-
Manager should have a strong feeling that he is beginning an activity

for the purpose of achieving a definite goal whereby he is fulfilling a
specific desire or will thereby be gaining a positive profit.
Managers should follow Hindu of dharma:
"O Indra, lead us on the path of Rta, on the right path over all evils."
This means the logical progression of an early course of things into an all
encompassing moral order, a path and way of righteousness, an all
encompassing harmony of the universe, in the Vedic of Rta.

A Few Salient Aspects For Managers
In Management:
1. Rights – Orientation Displacing Duty – Orientation: The need of the

hour, on a priority rating is of recognizing the importance of ‘human
duties’ than ‘human rights’. For example, Only if the teacher does his
‘duty’, are the students’ rights satisfied, or, Only if the boss does his
duty of caring for the subordinates, can their rights of participation
and autonomy be better taken care of. Indeed, if duty-oriented doesn’t
predominate our endeavors, ugly things will always continue to occur
& come to light. It has been observed that today more intellectuals
from premium Indian institutes migrate outside for the sake of
‘comfortable living’. Their inclination is less for the country and their
duty towards society. Such a change is replacing the traditionally
Indian concept of duty-orientation.
2. Exteriorized Orientation Displacing Interiorized Orientation: We in

India are missing an essential insight of our inner-self. The eastern
temperament is essentially introvert as compared to the western, who
are dominantly extrovert. Though we show sincerity, goodwill,
gratitude, love, but these shouldn’t be restricted to only flow of words
or gesture. We are missing the realization of our self-sufficiency
factor. We depend on others for our internal satisfaction which is
indeed a corruption/vulgarization of the depth of inner feelings. This

is what Viktor Frankl diagnoses as the ‘gravest’ psychological
problem called ‘existence vacuum’, which alienates us from our inner
essence.
3. The Secular Orientation Displacing the spiritual Orientation:

Unfortunately the meaning of both secularism and spirituality is not
clear in our minds today. Maurice Wilkins, a Nobel laureate
regrettably says that today world is increasingly focusing on the
material aspects of life and on technical solutions to human problems.
Further it is observed that how western youths come to India today to
revive the sense of inner meaning of life, now lost to the West, and
laments that due to the current wave of modernization, India also is in
danger of losing this sense of the sacred the holy, the spiritual in
everything.
4. Skills Orientation Displaying Values Orientation: It is not difficult

today to visualize that the mistaken priority of ‘learning to do’, i.e.
skills, is now acknowledged as such, and rectified by admitting the
priority of ‘learning to be’, i.e. values. The chief hurdles working
against excellence on the human side of Indian organizations don’t
seem to be centered around paucity of any skills. They are primarily
centered in values. Quality of products & services is dependent not so
much on the quality circles but on the quality of the minds of the
member of the circle.
5. Quality of Domestic Life Messing up Quality of Work – life: The

Quality of domestic life transmits its inevitable impact to the quality
of work-life. The quality of domestic life lies in a deep and serene
home atmosphere, which should douse the scorching flames of stress
stroked by work – life. Today in Indian scenario, where both husband
and wife work for more than 8 hours, they hardly get time for each
other and their family or their children who need them the most. This
imbalance between the work-life and domestic-life definitely affects
ones inclination towards its work.
6. The New breed Displacing the Old breed:

Today, there is a clear distinction made in the minds of the two
generations of people in Organizations. Senior professionals see lack
of commitments and values towards a company, in the new generation
of professionals, because these people change jobs very frequently.
Such a thinking is based on no knowledge or depth of the matter.
Hence there needs to be bridging between the thoughts of the two
breeds of people to inculcate co-ordination and co-operation in
organization.
7. Self Actualization Orientation Displacing Self Transcending

Orientation:
Many writings on motivational psychology have drawn our attention
towards knowing Self Actualization. Some writers have pointed out
that self actualization in practice actually coverts most interpersonal
relationships into instrumental transactions for self-advancement. In
Indian scenario, right from a senior professional to a clerk, the spirit
of grievances is identical. They crave for satisfying their lower-end
needs. While there are some people who are contrary to this. In large,
people have an inclination towards fulfilling their lower-end needs
which is called Self transcendence which will in result into Self
Actualization.
8. Uniform Culture ensures co-ordination between departments:

People in an organization, as employees, work for the
ultimate organizational goal. His constant endeavor should be inclined
towards serving the organization first and then personal objectives. If
every employee thinks this way, it would bring cohesiveness in the
different parts of the organization thus ensuring coordinated effort
among all the departments to fulfill organizational goal.
9. Culture avoids conflicts:

We, Indians have the ancient culture of family ties and bonding
among the people. We value relationship forming thus giving
importance to the other person as well. This builds loyalty in the
minds of the other people towards ones relationship, which in turn
reduces conflicts and misunderstandings to a large extent. On the
contrary, the foreign culture believes in ‘hire-fire’ policy, which
doesn’t support the idea of relationships hence work culture conflicts
are seen to a great extent in such case. Thus a healthy culture avoids
conflicts.
10.Importance of Honesty of the CEO:

An organization is largely a reflection of the character and vision of
the leader. His every action is reflected in the results of his followers.
If the leader is honest, actions will taken in the overall interest of the
company and its employees and if not, then wrong/unethical decisions
will percolate down the system thus mainly affecting the overall
goodwill of the company and its workers. Since a leader is the main
representative of the organization, his honesty is of prime importance.
ACTS OF GOD AND MEN:

Casestudy:
Mr. Manik an employee of G-four India, exports garments to South Asian
buyers. Among the many third parties the company work with, there is one
named Skanda Garments (SG) in the south. A small factory, which employs
some 80 people. Its owner, Selvan, was tragically washed away in the
tsunami when he had gone to Nagapattinam to deliver a consignment with
three other senior managers.
When the company heard of this, like any company devoted to cost and
benefit, strategy and time planning, it shifted their orders to other stitchers.
Last month, one of their employees, Lingam, called mr. manik to ask if G-
Four India, would help them. Being a small businessman, Selvan’s papers
were not in order; loans he had taken and those he hadn’t taken were being
attributed to him. His family was in a state of despair. His father,
Arumugam, has to now settle his son’s family, which includes a daughter,
Lata. He decided that the best thing to do was to sell off Selvan’s business
and pay off the bank. Also Lata being a young girl, who was dark, was taken
as a liability and the family was merely using her to come out of financial
crisis by making her get married to her maternal uncle, Sethu, who was 30
years old and also claimed that his father owed him some money which he
would write off if Lata marries him and the business operations are given to
him.
But there was chaos unfolding at the factor too. Four months after the
tsunami, there was hope that somebody would take up the plant and run it,
bringing back some stability into the workers’ lives. There were few orders
they had begun work on, seeking more time for fulfilment. But they needed
money for raw material, and the clients were unwilling to help as they
claimed that 50 per cent advance had been paid to Selvan.
During the one year that the whole thing dragged on, the Skanda Garments
factory absolutely deteriorated. The floods that followed the tsunami did the
rest playing havoc on the plant and inventory. Meanwhile, Sethu began to
informally ask the workers to start accepting pay cuts as he had found girls
who were willing to work for less money. This would result in 40 men
losing their job and also women were exploited in an unethical manner.
Realising the entire scenario which had an impact on several lives, Mr.
Manik decided to approach Mr.Jatin Dayal to provide them with 25 lakh
loan as a part of social responsibility towards suppliers and more
importantly for humanity. A meeting was called for this purpose where
initially only Mr. Manik was fighting against the inhuman approach of the
company towards its suppliers. However, later he was backed by other
employees too.
On the other hand Mr. Jatin here is an adamant person and is purely business
minded. He takes this entire issue as a mere social issue and he considered it
charity and not responsibility to look into the social problems of his
suppliers. He is simply profit oriented and treats business different from
human life. However, at the end of the meeting Mr. Jatin had no other choice
but to agree. However during the meeting the following issues were
discussed which led to a favourable outcome.
1. The issue is not only concerned with Selvan’s daughter and his
deteriorating business operations but it is concerned with his 75

colleagues at Skanda Garments? What happens to the smaller
businesses who supply to SG and their families? What happens to
overall growth?
2. It was only when Lingam informed Mr. Manik about the daughter that
he came to know that there are hundreds of such young girls out there
who are being sold and transacted to repay all kinds of obligations. Is
developing that community not part of their life, especially since the
company has been dealing with that community? That Rs 25 lakh
which it hesitates to spend will mean that the children of those
workers will not go back to school; hopes that were there will get
destroyed; lives which were taking off will not. But if they can have
this money, the process of education, which was interrupted, will
continue.
3. Children have been orphaned, homes have been destroyed, and

infrastructure has been washed away. There is gender discrimination,
gender exploitation, child abuse. So, it is the corporates who can
influence social thinking by helping in areas that influence business
growth and development. For, it is poor social conditions that are at
the heart of low growth, which goes beyond food, shelter and clothing
to respect for life.
4. A business is not only about creating wealth, but also sustaining the
means to do so. A shareholder’s claim to corporate wealth can be
tenable only after the fulfilment of corporate social duties, not without
it. Corporates exist in society; so, at the heart of any right to lay claim

to it lies your corporate citizenship in a society. Such right to
corporate citizenship begs fulfilment of corporate social duties.
5. As a business justification, it is vendor development; where they

develop vendors and business gets substantive roots. This is not CSR
but good business. The company is furthering strife in the community
which in 5-10 years will affect productivity though the Companies
Act does not permit to a loan. So, call this micro credit. From a social
viewpoint, when we do not help, the community suffers and when the
community suffers, the business suffers in the long run.
6. We need to see our vendor as our customer and not our supplier. He is
a customer of the relationship we have transacted with him. This is
not about welfare. It’s a case of rights. Suppliers have rights on the
company. Even if rights are infringed, they remain rights.
And thus with the help of the following points it was decided that Skanda
garments would be given 60-75 lakh of loan. The point here is that it was the
understanding and application of dharmic management that provoked Mr.
Manik to approach the issue to the authority. It was Mr.Manik who knew
that the management was completely wrong here and it was very important
to explain them the truth since it had an impact on the entire community of
their suppliers. He did not vision his business as mere profit oriented but at
the same time understood his social responsibility towards the society and
thus took step in favour of truth against management’s unsympathetic
approach.

However, there were many employees who knew that the management was
being insensitive but could not do anything about it. At the end of the
meeting two employees conclude the entire issue saying “Why don’t these
things occur to us naturally? Why do we go through week-long debates to
arrive at a decision that we already know in our hearts? Is it because
corporates are surrounded by rules and rights and wrongs, dos and don’ts?
Or is it simply that we in our minds separate business from life? We do not
think of it as a part of life… and that’s because our education also separates
work from life.”
However, reading this surely forces us to ponder our attitude too.

WEBLIOGRAPHY:
www.hinduism.com
www.budda culture.co.in//http
www.management strategies.in

www.indian etos.ogr.ind//http
www.images.indra.com
www.images.comic of
dharma.//http.fgt3453.//
www.case study.dharma.com


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Project made by:Anjali.

The Concept of Dharma

Sri Krishna explains to Arjuna that one's duty is of paramount importance,

Dharma therefore means to be on the path of righteousness. Those following

Project made by:Anjali.Chourasia(TYBMS) Page 2

Dharma is classified into

Samanya Dharma is general and Universal Dharma and Visesha Dharma is

Elements of Samanya Dharma

Dharma and Karma:

The Dalai Lama, a Flash of Lightening in the Dark of Night

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According to Hindu Scriptures, the life a person lives is based on his/her

These are the elements of Dharma as explained by Shri Krishna to Arjuna.

Companies need to inculcate the teachings of Dharma and Karma in order to

Different people have different duties by virtue of their positions. This

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Modern management is increasingly adopting Vedic precepts to stay in the

Advaita Vedanta (monism) advises us that we should determine our goals,

As we all know, human desires never end. And as salaries, aspirations,

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If employee lives are unwholesome, distressed, imbalanced, disintegrated and

To protect bottom line interests, corporates are hiring consultants to help

And discounting a popular notion, Athreya says that liberalization since

Project made by:Anjali.Chourasia(TYBMS)Page 11

Two companies that have steadfastly promoted and practiced ethical

Athreya insists that to view ethics and business as incompatible is to take a

Project made by:Anjali.Chourasia(TYBMS)Page 12

It is a must for any corporate to attach importance to customer values,

Project made by:Anjali.Chourasia(TYBMS)Page 13

Insisting that companies should focus on enhancing shareholder wealth, Dr

Project made by:Anjali.Chourasia(TYBMS)Page 14

Different traditions regard Dharma in a different light. While some regard it

Project made by:Anjali.Chourasia(TYBMS)Page 15

 Dharma is not a speculative philosophy it is the universal law found

 Dharma can be tested by practice alone.

 Dharma is able to bestow timeless and immediate results here and

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 Dharma is worthy to be followed as a part of ones life.

It is said that by knowing these attributes, practitioners of dharma will attain

Project made by:Anjali.Chourasia(TYBMS)Page 17

In conclusion, we can say that Buddha – Dharma is used to refer to the

How the concept of dharma is useful

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Dharma is a strategy not a religious thought or superstition. Corporate image

scheme or code of laws which bind together managers in the bonds of

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In India it is important for us to profit by modern technical processes and

Managers practicing dharmic management will be able to develop following

 He who hates no creature, who is friendly and compassionate to all,

 He by whom the world is not agitated(affected), and who cannot be

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 He who is free from wants, pure, alert, unconcerned, untroubled

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Managers should follow Hindu of dharma:

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1. Rights – Orientation Displacing Duty – Orientation: The need of the

2. Exteriorized Orientation Displacing Interiorized Orientation: We in

Project made by:Anjali.Chourasia(TYBMS)Page 23

3. The Secular Orientation Displacing the spiritual Orientation:

4. Skills Orientation Displaying Values Orientation: It is not difficult

5. Quality of Domestic Life Messing up Quality of Work – life: The

6. The New breed Displacing the Old breed: