THE IMPACT OF E-LEARNING ENVIRONMENT TO THE MATHEMATICS

LEARNING ABILITY OF THE SELECTED SHS STUDENTS OF

TRECE MARTIRES SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLD S.Y. 2020-2021

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction
With the gradual reform in Education, the pandemic situation in most countries
has drifted the method of learning imparted to the students. Unlike conventional chalk
and board style of schooling, eLearning makes giving and receiving simpler, prolific, and
productive. Shortly, it is the method of teaching purely through technology.

The word e-learning is used synonymously with virtual knowledge, online

education, computer-based training, web-based knowledge, and networked education.

Whatever may be the explanation of e-learning, it is revamping the style traditional

academia teaches and the learners grasp multimedia-assisted teaching has become the

most commonly used in modern methods and it is ever an advanced media cannot match.

However, application of E-Learning and E-teaching showed lot of shortcomings.

E-learning is a structured course or learning experience delivered electronically; it

can also include performance support content. There are also many different elements

that can make up an e-learning program, such as live or pre-recorded lecture content,

video, quizzes, simulations, games, activities, and other interactive elements.

In Education, E-Learning is used to produce computer-based training courses. This

is popularly called CBTs and reference books like encyclopedia and almanacs. A CBT

lets the user go through a series of presentations, text about a particular topic, and

associated illustrations in various information formats. Edutainment is an informal term

used to describe combining education with entertainment, especially E-Learning

entertainment.

Virtual or E-Learning especially in Math subject will explore children in using

manipulative which includes a broad range of apparatuses, toys and games that can

provide students with a concrete means to understand abstract concepts. These teaching

tools have been in use for decades as a method to increase learning about concepts such

as fractions, decimal places, geometry and more. In today's modern age of computers,

virtual manipulative has taken an ever-increasing role in mathematics education.

Online and software-based versions of the real thing can help struggling students

to connect symbolic and visual representations and develop an understanding of complex

or complicated math concepts

Using E Learning is a fast approach to the cognitive development of most students

nowadays.

Background of the Study

This study entitled “The Impact of E-Learning Environment to the

Mathematics Learning Ability of Selected SHS Students of Trece Martires Senior

High School, S.Y. 2020.

This has been the chosen topic of the researcher since she became interested on

e-learning in determining its impact to the Mathematics learning ability of selected Senior

High School Students of Trece Martires”.

The problematic situation which prompted the researcher to conduct the study

from macro to micro levels are for the reasons that there should be a gradual in-depth
education reform, the status and role of teaching methods more and more attracted wide

attention, positive and effective use of advanced tools and technologies, the structure is

bound to promote the teaching and learning ideas as well as the teaching theory system

reform and development.

On the global setting, children are seen to be more dependent on the computers in

today’s learning, and for this reason, teaching must be in forms of computer learning to

enable children to get interested in the subjects.

On the national setting, the Department of Education is launching many

programs that will enhance the learning development of many students of this country.

While on the local setting, many students are eager to learn through the use of

computers.

According to Peterson (2013), E Learning is rapidly being developed in recent

years as a modern teaching method. In the classroom teaching, active teaching

technology is not only a trend in modern teaching methods, but also the reform of

classroom teaching has become an important element. Teachers according to subject

characteristics and content of the appropriate use of E Learning technology can not only

enhance student’s interest in learning, but also received good academic performance. As

such, educators must have a tool to use when researching the effectiveness of E-Leaning.

The history of e-learning is a colorful one, filled with failure stories of teaching

robots from the early 1900s. In 1999, the phrase “E-Learning” was mentioned for the first

time in a professional context by Elliott Masie during the Tech Learn conference at

Disneyworld. However, the very first attempts at e-learning can be traced back to 1924,
when Ohio State University professor Sidney Pressey created the very first electronic

learning machine, the Automatic Teacher.

Perhaps the most significant invention in the history of online learning

technology is the PLATO (Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching Operations).

The PLATO is a computer system designed by Donald L. Bitzer in 1960 and it was

groundbreaking for its time.

Two decades before the invention of the World Wide Web, the PLATO

(Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching Operations) network could host thousands

of users at its peak, and much of the greatest instructional software of the century across

many educational disciplines was created on PLATO.

The PLATO terminals were very expensive at $5000-$7000 each, but they were

worth every penny. Online learning started in 1960 when Donald Bitzer, a laboratory

assistant at the University of Illinois, created the very first e-learning system called the

PLATO. The device was originally designed strictly for computer-based education, but

due to its innovative networking capabilities, it quickly became the foundation for online

learning and online communities.

The first online university who uses ELearning was Jones International

University, which became fully accredited in the U.S by the Higher Learning

Commission in 1999. The Jones International University offered online degrees in

business and education until its doors closed on March 31st, 2015.

CompuHigh / Whitmore School, the first online high school, was created in

1994. It is a fully accredited online school which offers both full online diploma
programs and individual online courses for its students. CompuHigh / Whitmore School

serves English-speaking, U.S. national students from grades 9 to 12.

Statement of the Problem

Specifically, this study aims to answer the following:

1. What is the profile of respondents in terms of:

a. Age;

b. Gender;

c. Grade Point Average

2. How do the selected respondents assess the impact of E-Learning environment to

their mathematics learning ability?

3. How do the respondents perceive the environmental factors affecting their E-

learning as to their ability in learning mathematics in terms of the following?

a. Relationships;

b. Stress;

c. Exercise; and

d. Nutrition?

4. Is there a significant relationship between the impact of E-Learning Environment

and the learning ability in Mathematics of selected Trece Martires Senior High

School Students, S.Y. 2020-2021? .

5. What are the recommended programs that will enhance the ability of students to learn

Mathematics using the E-Learning Environment?

Theoretical Framework

This study was inspired by the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning:

Implications for Design Principles authored by Richard E. Mayer and Roxana Moreno

(1998). The main argument being that effective instructional design should be based on

research-based theory into how students learn. 

This theory states that one concept must be taught with two mediums

simultaneously to have greatest impact on the individual learner., that corresponding

words and pictures must be in working memory at the same time in order to facilitate

the construction of referential links between them, information should be actively

processed in the working memory to continue to bring about best outcomes, and that is

in E-Learning presentation, words need to be expressed audibly rather than in a visual

format.

Therefore, if a presentation was to be given on road safety for example, all words

should be heard not seen. 

Sweller et al. (2012) cited that the Split-Attention principle, reference to the

cognitive load theory principle applies.  If the words of a multimedia presentation are

given in narrative format audibly then they will be processed in the verbal information

processing systems and the visuals in the visual information processing systems,

thereby preventing cognitive overload.

 Conceptual Framework

Input Process Output

- Profile of - Correlate the -Recommend

respondents as to: demographic profile of programs that will
respondents according to improve the learning
 Age interviews, surveys, ability in Mathematics
 Gender questionnaires and of students using the
 Grade Point E-Learning
tabulate the data.
Average environment.
- Assessment of
Response using:
 Interview
 Documentation of
data
 Analysis and
tabulation of data
on the impact of
E-Learning
Environment to
the Mathematics
ability of selected
Senior High
School Students
of Trece Martires,
S.Y. 2020-2021.

Feedback

Figure 1- Research Paradigm of the Study

The input determines the demographic profile of respondents.

The process will correlate the survey of respondents, using questionnaire, interview,

documentation, analysis and tabulation of data.

 The output will reveal the recommended programs for improving the academic

performance of students using multimedia teaching.

Hypothesis

The null hypothesis to be tested in the study is:

- There is NO significant relationship between the impact of E-Learning

environment and selected Senior High School Students’ learning ability in Mathematics

when grouped according to age, gender, and grade point average.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

This study focuses on “The Impact of E-Learning Environment to the

Mathematics Learning Ability of Selected Senior High School Students”.

This will also assess how students gain knowledge on the E-Learning

environment in terms of student’s competence, confidence and comprehension.

The study will be limited to 30 respondents composed of selected Senior High School

students of Trece Martires, S.Y. 2020-2021.

Significance of the Study

This study is significant to the following:

Parents. Findings of the study will benefit parents as they will be able to

understand the importance of E-Learning environment in learning mathematics and

with this, they can assist their children to further improve their academic performance.
 Senior High School of Trece Martires. Findings of the study will benefit

Senior High School of Trece Martires as they will gain understanding in coping up with

the environmental factors affecting their E-Learning ability in studying Mathematics

School and Government. This study will benefit the government since this

will provide insight on how they can further improve the learning methods in school and

enable schools to acquire facilities for E-Learning assisted method of teaching.

Definition of Terms

In order to understand the terms used in the study, the following terms will be

defined conceptually and operationally:

Achievement. In this study, achievement refers to a project or a study that has been

fulfilled or finished.

Behavior. In this study, behavior refers to the actions or reactions of an object or

organism, usually in relation to the environment.

Curriculum. In this study, curriculum refers to set of courses, and their content,

offered at a school or University. This also refers to the course of deeds and

experiences through which children grow and mature in becoming adults.

Effect. In this study, effect refers to result; outcome of environmental factors to

student’s ability to learn.

E-Learning. In this study, E-Learning refers to an education conveyed via

electronic means, imparting and facilitating knowledge on media, electronic

devices like that on the Internet, CD-ROMs, and DVDs, streaming media etc.

Environmental Factors. In this study, environmental factors are those that

influences learning such as relationship, nutrition, sleep and stress. Factors

 refer in human, it is a a profession that focuses on how people interact with

products, tools, or procedures.

Impact. In this study, impact refers to struggle with adapting the practices of E-

Learning.

Learning Ability. In this study, this refers on how well-equipped student will learn,

despite the environmental factors affecting them.

Relationship. In this study, this is one of the environmental factors affecting

learning. This refers to connection between two people in which some sort of

exchange takes place’. In other words, there is some sort of link between

people and it involves interaction. 

Stress. In this study, this refers to the process whereby an individual perceives and

responds to events that he appraises as overwhelming or threatening to his

well-being.

Nutrition. In this study, this refers this is one of the three major factors that impact a

child’s development. Nutrition in a child’s early years is linked to their health

and academic performance in later years

Sleep. In this study, sleep is one of the environmental factors affecting E-learning,

and this refers to poor quality and duration of sleep which may be caused by

sleep disorders and affect student’s ability to learn.

Teaching methods. are educational methods consisted of children imitating or

modeling their behavior on that of their elders, learning through observation

and play.
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This Chapter presents the review of related literature and studies which is will give a

clear understanding on the study being conducted entitled “The Impact of E-Learning

Environment to the Mathematics Learning Ability of Selected SHS Students of

Trece Martires Senior High School, S.Y. 2020.

Related Literature

The following are related literatures taken from books, journals and magazines

that aim to understand the use of multimedia assisted method of teaching mathematics:

Moore, S. (2009) in his book about “Cognitive Principles of Multimedia Tool,

he stated that modern mathematics teachers should be familiar with the theory and

operation of the means of modern teaching techniques, the reality according to the

requirements of the curriculum, students, a reasonable choice of modern teaching

methods. The traditional teaching methods can not compensate for the lack of use of

computer-assisted instruction to obtain a rich classroom to enhance students' interest in

learning, promote student understanding of knowledge and memory to develop students'

ability to innovate for.

Johnson, R. (2009) cited that the use of computer-assisted instruction can

stimulate students' interest in learning. Interest is an important condition for student

learning. Mathematics itself is quite abstract, even boring. Allow students to fall in love

with mathematics, to develop their own thinking and innovation in learning math should
stimulate their desire to learn. Computer-assisted instruction with rich colors and changes

the screen to stimulate students visually, so they have a new desire to explore and

produce learning content. Explain the 'circle with three points, 'as in, I first ask students

to look at a picture of three old trees, and with the text:

Santiago (2009) The use of multimedia teaching on E-Learning, save us the time

to write on the blackboard, which can give a better organization of learning activities of

students and possibly guide with images, sound and animation, and otherwise boring

content interesting. Students in the class to concentrate better and conferences, and

develop their potential to mobilize awareness and initiative from the perspective of

students, greatly improve the efficiency of the class. The biggest feature of multimedia

assisted instruction to help highlight the teaching points, dispersed and difficult. A

teacher in the classroom, regardless articulated, it is difficult performance of some

abstract common content knowledge, this knowledge is often difficult and important

lesson.

Alex Buenaventura (2009). Mathematics education and the integration of

computer applications to coordinate multiple questions to avoid 'heavy content of light.

Production tutorials, teachers should select appropriate technical means and expressions

depending on the nature and characteristics of the teaching content and at the same time,

we must make full use of the characteristics of different media actively teaching content,

such as Flash and other tools is not easy to explain erase from static to dynamic, allowing

students to clearly perceive a deep understanding.

Gutierrez, Zenaida (2010) stated that interactive performance of the computer to

provide a variety of colors, bright, high capacity, fast response feedback, multimedia can
achieve timely feedback on the relationship between students' knowledge in the

classroom. Students acquire knowledge for flexibility in the use of knowledge; classroom

practice is the best way to strengthen the consolidation of knowledge and use. Poor

stability of college, fatigue, and only by constantly changing the way to practice, continue

to give students a new stimulus, to enable them to maintain a strong fighting force.

Zenaida Domingo (2010) stated that Multimedia is more successful than

passive to active learning, abstract to the concrete, with fun exercises, such as the use of

media for the appropriate design theme checkpoints; the practice becomes a boring game,

contest questions. Allow students to practice in a relaxed and pleasant atmosphere.

Garchitorena, Victoria (2010). Teaching process is the process of bilateral

activities of students and teachers, the need for teachers and students to cooperate closely

to complete this process multimedia courseware is only a supplement to, and not a lesson

throughout the emission tutorials to stimulate students' interest in promoting active

student curiosity and critical thinking, rather than using substitute teachers teaching

activities, so you do not have to cover everything. To give students hands-on

opportunities brain. If only to see the slides simple game on E-Learning and multimedia

classrooms for teaching mathematics, because it involves the process of calculation and

analysis, the effect may not be ideal. Personally, appropriate time for students to reflect

on the computer so that the students' understanding of college and mathematical

knowledge and calculation process and hands the ability to solve practical problems will

be greatly improved.
Related Studies

The review of related studies will provide information to readers as to the

“The Impact of E-Learning Environment to the Mathematics Learning Ability of

Selected SHS Students of Trece Martires Senior High School, S.Y. 2020.

Atkinson, C. (2004). In teaching mathematics, teachers should be teaching

reasonable application of computer technology the perfect combination of modern

teaching methods and traditional teaching methods, additional students to create a relaxed

atmosphere for learning to allow students to maintain a state of positive and exciting

learning can really exercise in learning abilities, reflection and development.

Hitch, C (2004) on the same book states that Enhanced levels of interactivity are

made possible by combining multiple forms of media content. Online multimedia is

increasingly becoming object-oriented and data-driven, enabling applications with

collaborative end-user innovation and personalization on multiple forms of content over

time. Examples of these range from multiple forms of content on Web sites like photo

galleries with both images (pictures) and title (text) user-updated, to simulations whose

co-efficient, events, illustrations, animations or videos are modifiable, allowing the

multimedia "experience" to be altered without reprogramming. In addition to seeing and

hearing, Haptic technology enables virtual objects to be felt. Emerging technology

involving illusions of taste and smell may also enhance the multimedia experience

Reyes, S. (2008) about virtual learning techniques, stated that the technology is

fairly basic. Following a lesson plan that incorporates text2teach lessons, science teachers

just have to send an SMS request on mobile phones for specific videos from the more

than 100 that Pearson has made available from its Knowledge Box video library. These
are then downloaded via satellite to a Nokia digital recorder connected to the school's

television set.

Gutierrez (2009), in their study about E-Learning using multimedia in teaching

stated that the education department issued policy guidelines since 1995 on the use of

computers in teaching science and mathematics subjects, but not much came out of these

initiatives.

The Philippines was deemed a suitable choice for pilot-testing Bridgeit, because

its developers saw its "high-quality technological infrastructure, highly developed

English language skills, and the presence of many cooperative institutions which can

support such undertaking''.

With its archipelagic character, the country likewise presents "an interesting

geographic challenge that enables us to effectively test technology and technical

assistance solutions.

Delos Santos, J. (2009) about virtual learning had cited that the brain must

simultaneously encode two different types of information, an auditory stimulus and a

visual stimulus. One might expect that these competing sources of information would

tend to overwhelm or overload the learner. However, psychological research has shown

that verbal information is in fact better remembered when accompanied by a visual

image. Initially, the instructional content of these multimedia learning studies was

limited to logical scientific processes that centered on cause-and-effect systems like

automobile braking systems, how a bicycle pump works, or cloud formation. But
eventually it was found that the modality effect could be extended to other domains,

which were not necessarily cause-and-effect based systems.

Moreno (2008) in his study about the curriculum reforms in the Philippines, he

stated that the reforms at the elementary and secondary levels have been implemented

over the last fifteen and nine years, respectively. Current indicators are that PRODED

and SEDP have indeed succeeded in improving the quality of basic education and in

making the sector more effective and efficient in the delivery of basic educational

services.

As for outcomes related to the implementation and management of reform, the

PRODED and SEDP have meant added responsibilities and accountability for all those

involved from policy makers to program implementers and target beneficiaries.

Mechanisms and structures needed for the efficient implementation of the reforms have

been given priority. Competencies of those involved in curriculum development and

implementation are upgraded regularly, so that they may discharge their functions and

responsibilities more effectively. Lessons learned from the reform implementation are

providing useful baseline information for future reform and development programs.

The curriculum is continuously undergoing refinement to ensure its relevance to

changing needs and demands. The ongoing basic education curriculum review has

provided for more in-depth indigenization/localization of the curriculum and integration

of information. Technology or multimedia resources in the teaching/learning process.

Benchmarking has provided valuable and reliable data about school and student

performance.
 Baddely, A.D. (2003) on psychology of learning and motivation, stated that E-

Learning and virtual presentations can be live or recorded. A recorded presentation may

allow interactivity via a navigation system. A live multimedia presentation may allow

interactivity via an interaction with the presenter or performer

Virtual presentations may be viewed in person on stage, projected, transmitted,

or played locally with a media player. A broadcast may be a live or recorded multimedia

presentation. Broadcasts and recordings can be either analog or digital electronic media

technology. Digital online multimedia may be downloaded or streamed. Streaming

multimedia may be live or on-demand.

Virtual games and simulations may be used in a physical environment with

special effects, with multiple users in an online network, or locally with an offline

computer, game system, or simulator.

The various formats of technological or digital multimedia may be intended to

enhance the users' experience, for example to make it easier and faster to convey

information. Or in entertainment or art, to transcend everyday experience.

 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH

This chapter will discuss the research method used, the respondents of the

study, the locale of the study and the process of research treatment in order to provide a

clear understanding on how the researcher will evaluate the study.

Method of Research

On the process of research techniques or methods, my research requires

gathering relevant data from the specified documents and compiling databases in order to

analyze the material and arrive at a more complete understanding about “The Impact of

E-Learning Environment to the Mathematics Learning Ability of Selected SHS

Students of Trece Martires Senior High School, S.Y. 2020.”

This study will use the Qualitative Research method. Qualitative research is a

type of social science research that collects and works with non-numerical data and that

seeks to interpret meaning from these data that help understand social life through the

study of targeted populations or places.

People often frame it in opposition to quantitative research, which uses numerical

data to identify large-scale trends and employs statistical operations to determine causal

and correlative relationships between variables, (Kvale,1996).

 Methods of qualitative research include:

Qualitative researchers use their own eyes, ears, and intelligence to collect in-

depth perceptions and descriptions of targeted populations, places, and events.

Their findings are collected through a variety of methods, and often a researcher

will use at least two or several of the following while conducting a qualitative study:

1. Direct observation: With direct observation, a researcher studies people as they

go about their daily lives without participating or interfering. This type of

research is often unknown to those under study, and as such, must be conducted in

public settings where people do not have a reasonable expectation of privacy. For

example, a researcher might observe the ways in which strangers interact in

public as they gather to watch a street performer.

2. Open-ended surveys: While many surveys are designed to generate quantitative

data, many are also designed with open-ended questions that allow for the

generation and analysis of qualitative data. For example, a survey might be used

to investigate not just which political candidates voters chose, but why they chose

them, in their own words.

3. Focus group: In a focus group, a researcher engages a small group of participants

in a conversation designed to generate data relevant to the research question.

Focus groups can contain anywhere from 5 to 15 participants. Social scientists

often use them in studies that examine an event or trend that occurs within a

specific community. They are common in market research, too.

4. In-depth interviews: Researchers conduct in-depth interviews by speaking with

participants in a one-on-one setting. Sometimes a researcher approaches the

interview with a predetermined list of questions or topics for discussion but

allows the conversation to evolve based on how the participant responds. Other

times, the researcher has identified certain topics of interest but does not have a

formal guide for the conversation, but allows the participant to guide it.

5. Oral history: The oral history method is used to create a historical account of an

event, group, or community, and typically involves a series of in-depth interviews

conducted with one or multiple participants over an extended period.

6. Participant observation: This method is similar to observation, however with

this one, the researcher also participates in the action or events to not only observe

others but to gain the first-hand experience in the setting.

7. Ethnographic observation: Ethnographic observation is the most intensive and

in-depth observational method. Originating in anthropology, with this method, a

researcher fully immerses themselves into the research setting and lives among

the participants as one of them for anywhere from months to years. By doing this,

the researcher attempts to experience day-to-day existence from the viewpoints of

those studied to develop in-depth and long-term accounts of the community,

events, or trends under observation.

8. Content analysis: This method is used by sociologists to analyze social life by

interpreting words and images from documents, film, art, music, and other

cultural products and media. The researchers look at how the words and images
 are used, and the context in which they are used to draw inferences about the

underlying culture. Content analysis of digital material, especially that generated

by social media users, has become a popular technique within the social sciences,

(McNamara,1999).

In this study the researcher will use in-depth interviews and open-ended question

for the qualitative research.

Research Locale

Setting of the study will be in Trece Martires Senior High School, located in

Barangay Gregorio, Trece Martires City, Cavite.

The researcher, in choosing subjects or respondents for the topic at hand, is

usually thought of to have the power over who the respondents of the study will be.

The researcher have selected carefully the chosen respondents composed of 30

selected Senior High School Students of Trece Martires Senior High School, S.Y. 2020-

2021, age 17-20 years old.

Sampling Method

Random sampling will be used in the study as can also refer to taking a number

of independent observations from the same probability distribution, without involving

any real population. The sample usually is not a representative of the population of

people from which it was drawn this random variation in the results is termed as

sampling error. In the case of random samples, mathematical theory is available to assess

the sampling error.

 Thus, estimates obtained from random samples can be accompanied by measures

of the uncertainty associated with the estimate. This can take the form of a standard error,

or if the sample is large enough for the central limit theorem to take effect, confidence

intervals may be calculated (Source: Yates, Daniel S.; David S. Moore, Daren S. Starnes

2008, The Practice of Statistics, 3rd Ed).

This research will use random sampling design as the chosen sampling method in

the proposed study was because the element is chosen based on the purpose of research.

Research Instrument

Conducting a survey thru papers and on the internet will be used in this study

and interviewing the respondents for the study. These instruments should be valid

because it is a primary source of data and is a standard way of gathering data and is

realistic.

The questionnaires that would be made is based on the actual observation of

students. This study will reflect on the real scenario happening inside school

environment.

The survey questionnaires will be distributed online to selected students to be

scheduled on _____________ to ___________________. Questionnaire that is used for

conducting a survey is included of part 1 which is having the information about the name

of the respondents, their age, and grade point average.

The information that the first thing to know is the age of the respondents because

its important.
Data Gathering Procedure

In gathering pertinent data for the study, a questionnaire will be formulated.

Some of the items in the instruments were patterned with another graduate thesis.

The researcher will prepare the questionnaire with the help and assistance from the

thesis adviser. The instruments will be pre-tested for changes and revisions in the

questions to make them very clear to the respondents.

Attached to the questionnaire is a cover letter which intend to provide a clear

information about the study being conducted and why it is being conducted.

The questionnaires sought information about “The Impact of E-Learning

Environment to the Mathematics Learning Ability of Selected SHS Students of

Trece Martires Senior High School, S.Y. 2020.”

Statistical Treatment

Data generated from the survey, which were analyzed quantitatively. In the

process descriptive statistics such as percentage, and frequency and mean were used to

describe the data gathered through the survey.

To formulate significant statistical conclusion on the findings, relative frequency

the researcher shall use percentage and weighted mean.

The following statistical tools were used in the analysis and interpretation of data

gathered:
 1. Frequency and Percentage Distribution – the profiles of the respondents were

determined by classifying them according to categories of their personal

variables. The computation follows the formula below:

a. Frequency Distribution- a listing of data set which divides the data in

classes and gives a count of the number of observations in each class.

b. Percentage- the proportion of the sample in each class.

% = (n/N) x 100

Where:

%- Percentage

n- Observations in the class range

N- Total number of observations

2. Rank and Weighted Mean- to answer question number 2. Particularly,

Weighted Mean Used to know the variation in the relative contribution of individual data

values to the mean, this is used with the following formula.

Where:

- Total value of the mean

- weight of data value assigned to it

- total number of respondents

3. The Liker Scale

The Liker Scale (Arbitrary Scale for Interpretation)

The Liker 5-point scale was used to determine the perceptions of the respondents

in relation to the perception of respondents s to the study The Likert 5-point scale. The

researcher made use of the Likert scale to know how these statements were true about the

respondents and to determine the perceptions of the respondents in relation to the study.

Range Numerical Interpretation Verbal Interpretation

4.50 – 5.00 5 Almost Always True

3.50 – 4.49 4 Frequently True
2.50 – 3.49 3 Occasionally True
1.50 – 2.49 2 Seldom True
1.00 – 1.49 1 Almost Never True