Diets Modified in Composition

Low Calorie Diet

 contain a reduced amount of total energy to effect a negative energy balance
 CHON, minerals & vitamins remain at or above recommended levels
 drastic reduction should be avoided

Indications for Use:

 besity
 hose cases where excess weight is a complicating factor as DM, CVD, renal
disease, HPN, gout, gallbladder disease

Foods restricted:
 high-fat foods
 high-CHO foods

High calorie Diet

 contains a greater amount of total energy to effect a positive energy balance

 minerals & vitamins remain at or above recommended levels
gradual increase in the amount of food given
 3 meals with in-between feedings

High calorie Diet

Indications for Use:

 underweight, PEM
 fevers & infections, hyperthyroidism
 burns
 growth, pregnancy and lactation

Foods avoided:
 excessive amounts of bulky low calorie
foods, fried foods or those which may
interfere with appetite

Low Fat Diet

 an allowance of food and drink in which fat provides no more than 15% of total
calories
 supplementation of fat-soluble vitamin is desirable

Low Fat Diet

Indications for Use:
 cholecystitis
 atherosclerosis
 cirrhosis and hepatitis
 pancreatitis
 sprue
 fat malabsorption
 weight reduction

Foods included:
 skim milk, egg, lean meat, cereals, fruits, vegetables, sugars
 Foods avoided:
 fatty meats, rich desserts and fried foods
Low Cholesterol Diet
dietary cholesterol reduced to less than 300 mgs per day

regulates the amount and type of fat

primary aim is to reduce blood levels of cholesterol

Low Cholesterol Diet

Indications for Use:
 hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease
Foods Allowed:
 lean meat, fish, 2-3 egg yolk/week, skim milk, fruits and vegetables, honey,
sugar
Foods Avoided:
 internal organs, oysters, crab roe, animal fat
cream cheese, whole milk, cream, butter
ice cream

Low Salt Diet

 contains varying amounts of sodium lower than the usual content of the regular
diet
 limits the use of table salt and foods high in sodium

Indications for Use:

 liver disease, renal disorder, hypertension

Foods avoided:
 canned, cured, salted, smoked and processed foods which uses salt and
sodium-containing flavoring agents and preservatives

Low Purine Diet

used for medical management of patients with uric acid problem

Indications for Use:

 gout, uric acid calculi

Diet: high in CHO, low in fat

Low Purine Diet

Foods limited:
 internal organs, nuts and legumes, small fishes
 restriction of alcoholic intake is advised
 increase fluid intake

Diabetic Diet

given to diabetic patients to avoid sudden increase or decrease in blood sugar

almost similar to regular diet with limited sugar intake

Foods allowed:
 all foods except sweetened
 all kinds of fruits in allowed amounts only
 foods rich in fiber is required
Potassium-restricted diet
potassium content of the diet is reduced to about 1.0 to 1.5 g/day

Indications for Use:

 renal failure, hyperkalemia, oliguria, anuria

Foods in restricted amounts:

 milk, cream, eggs, meats, fish, poultry
 fruits and vegetables within the prescribed
amounts only

Acid ash Diet

acid-ash foods are emphasized; neutral foods use as desired

Indications for Use:

kidney stones - calcium and magnesium phosphates, carbonates and oxalates

Foods included:
 meat, fish, poultry, eggs
 whole grain cereals, bread, noodles and corn

Neutral foods:
 butter, sugar, plain candies, oils, fats, coffee, tea

Foods limited:
 milk, fruits, vegetables
Alkaline ash Diet
alkaline-ash foods are emphasized; neutral foods use as desired

Indications for Use:

 kidney stones – uric acid and cystine calculi
Alkaline-Ash Diet
Foods included:
 large amounts of fruits, vegetables and milk

Neutral foods:
 butter, sugar, plain candies, oils, fats, coffee, tea

Foods limited:
 meat, poultry, fish eggs
 noodles, cereals, bread