Effect of Podium Interferences on the shear force distribution

in RC walls supporting buildings

Mehair Yacoubian,
Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne
Nelson Lam,
Department of Infrastructure Engineering , The University of Melbourne
Elisa Lumantarna,
Department of Infrastructure Engineering ,The University of Melbourne
John L. Wilson
Centre for Sustainable Infrastructure, Swinburne University of Technology
 Podium-tower building configuration is an attractive alternative that is
widely used in contemporary constructions.

 Wide podium structures can cater for multiple towers.

 The seismic performance of podium-tower buildings has not been

widely covered in the literature

 Few recommendations have been set-forth by the PEER/ATC in the

advent of performance-based earthquake engineering of tall buildings
 Backstay effect
Results in high shear reversals
at (and below) the interface
level
High torsional moments imposed
on the podium by towers
𝐶𝑀𝑇𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟

𝐶𝑅𝑃𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑚
Other issues…..
 Displacement of tower walls (kinematic)
INT EXT INT EXT

Incompatible (unequal) wall displacement is the direct result of

the asymmetric podium restraint on the tower walls/cores
Incompatible wall Generation of In-plane strutting Local increase in shear forces and
displacements forces in the connecting bending moments on tower walls
floors/beams
 Analyses on 2D Planar Podium-Tower Sub assemblages

Offset-Case I

Significant shear force redistribution occurs when tower walls are offset from the centre of the
podium by virtue of the slab in-plane compatibility forces….
Centred-Case II
Effect of rigid-diaphragm constraint
Rigid diaphragm: Displacements of the
walls are compatible

Explicitly modelled connecting

diaphragms

Rigid diaphragm constraint: All

Horizontal displacement of nodes (at
a specific level) are Identical
 Parametric studies on representative 2D sub-assemblage models

 Podium-Building height ratio

 Tower eccentricity

 In-plane stiffness of the main back-stay slab

 Relative stiffness of connected walls


e
Podium-Building height ratio

Reduction in
the tower
flexibility
Validation-3D Case study buildings
With rigid diaphragm constraints
assigned at each level

≈ 40% 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒
𝑖𝑛 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 demands

Explicitly modelled slabs

Inelastic Response of Podium-Tower buildings

Floor slabs were modelled as inelastic beam elements with effective width
Influence of Rigid-diaphragm assumption on the inelastic response of the building

Wall drift [%}

High shear concentrations in the interior core due

to slab-wall interaction
 Interaction between primary and secondary Lateral load resisting systems
Interior Core Exterior Core
Interior Core
 Discrete Modelling of Shear Failure in Interior Walls

Modelling Validation

Equivalent material
representing podium
stiffness
 Inelastic (case-1)
 Elastic (case-2)

Link elements representing in-plane stiffness of main backstay floors

Axial collapse proceeding shear failure of the interior wall

𝐈 𝐈𝐈

𝐈𝐈𝐈
𝐈𝐈
𝐈

𝐈𝐕
𝐈𝐈𝐈 𝐈𝐕
 1.0 75
Several key recommendations for practitioners are summarised as follows: 72
0.9 69
0.8 66
1-Explicit modelling of the floor slabs in between these two height limits: (i) two 63

Normalised Height -above and below Podium-

0.7 60
stories above the podium and (ii) 60% of the height of the podium. 57
0.6 54
51

Height Above Foundation [m]

0.5
2- Alternative design procedures to reduce podium restraints on the tower walls by 48
0.4 45
the use of properly detailed expansion or settlement joints at the podium-tower 42
0.3
39
interface. 36
𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒕
0.2 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
33 𝑽𝒊𝒏𝒕
0.1 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟕
30 𝑽𝒆𝒙𝒕
3-Use of procedures stipulated in PEER/ATC 72-1for the design and detailing of 27
0.0
floor slabs in locations where high strutting forces are expected. 24
21
-0.1
18
-0.2
𝑴𝒐𝒏𝒐𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒉𝒊𝒄 15
4- Consideration of interactions between primary and secondary gravity systems in 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 12
-0.3
𝑽𝒊𝒏𝒕
the lateral analysis of the type of buildings considered in this study. 𝑽
= 𝟏. 𝟓𝟏 9
-0.4𝒆𝒙𝒕 6
𝑭𝒍𝒆𝒙𝒊𝒃𝒍𝒆 3
-0.5
𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 0
𝑽𝒊𝒏𝒕
= 𝟏. 𝟎𝟖 -5000 -3000 -1000
𝑽𝒆𝒙𝒕
-0.6
Wall Shear Force [KN]
0.7 0.8 Interior-No
0.9Release 1
𝐅𝐥𝐨𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐁𝐚𝐲 Exterior-No Release
Interior-Expansion Joint-Partial
Explicitly Exterior-Expansion
modelled Joint-Partial
slabs -All stories
Interior-Expansion Joint-Partial
Exterior-Expansion Joint-Partial
Explicitly modelled slabs -2T +0.6Hp
Thank you

Questions?