WHAT IS RESEARCH?

The word RESEARCH was coined from two words: the prefix -re, which means “again”, and the word search, “meaning to
look for something.

Research is a systematic study of trend or event which involves careful collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation
of quantitative data or facts that relates man’s thinking with reality.

CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH

Empirical based on direct experience or observation by the researcher

Logical based on valid procedures and principles
Cyclical starts with a problem and ends with a problem
utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering data whether historical, descriptive,
Analytical
experimental and case study
Critical exhibits careful and precise judgment
Methodical conducted in methodical manner without bias using systematic method and procedures
research design & procedures are repeated to enable researcher to arrive at valid and
Replicability
conclusive results.

IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH (Calmorin & Calmorin, 2007;5)

1. Improves quality of life 2. Has deep-seated psychological aspects

3. Improves instruction 4. Improves the exportation of food products

6. Research responds to the economic recovery and austerity

5. Improves students’ achievement
measure of the country.
8. Research responds to the economic recovery and austerity
7. Reduces the burden of work
measure of the country.
10. Research trains graduates to become responsive to the
9. Satisfies man’s needs
economic development of the country and to compete globally.

CHARACTERISITICS OF A RESEARCHER (Calmorin & Calmorin, 2007;5)

1. Intellectual
A researcher undertakes a deep thinking and inquiry of the things, and situations around him.
Curiosity
The researcher is careful to conduct his research study at the right time and at the right place
2. Prudence
wisely, efficiently, and economically.
3. Healthy
The researcher is always doubtful as to the truthfulness of the results.
Criticism
4. Intellectual An intelligent researcher is honest to collect or gather data or facts in order to arrive at honest
Honesty. results.
5. Intellectual
A productive and resourceful investigator always creates new researches.
Creativity

OTHER CHARACTERISTICS OF A RESEARCHER (Calmorin & Calmorin, 2007;5)

Research Oriented are you focus in conducting research?

Efficient Are you capable of having good quality research using less resources?
Scientific Do you follow the scientific method?
Effective Do you do your best performance always?
Active Are you always on the go and never passive?
Resourceful Can you use available resources effectively?
Creative Are you capable of thinking outside the box?
Honest Do you always acknowledge sources and other researchers and does not manipulate data?
Economical Do you handle resources well?
Religious Do you never take any shortcuts?
 TYPES OF RESEARCH
A. ACCORDING TO APPLICATION OF RESEARCH METHOD

BASIC RESEARCH APPLIED RESEARCH

• Also known as Pure Research.
• It is purely driven by curiosity and the desire to expand
one’s knowledge.
• This type of research tends not to be directly applicable
to the real word but deals with concepts, principles or
abstract things.
• This is more descriptive in nature; exploring what, why
and how questions.
• The purpose of this research is to help people
understand the nature of human problems.
• It pursues potential solutions in a form of new products,
procedures of services to answer human and societal
problems.
• This is more prescriptive in nature; focusing on how
questions.

EXAMPLES: EXAMPLES:
1. Archimedes’ Principle 1. Treat or cure for Covid-19.
2. Do stress levels make individuals more aggressive? 2. Improved agricultural crop production.
3. A study looking at how caffeine consumption impacts 3. Improvement of energy efficiency in homes, offices or
the brain. modes of transportation.

B. ACCORDING TO PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH

• Descriptive research is a type of research that describes a population, situation, or
phenomenon that is being studied. It focuses on answering the how, what, when, and where
questions If a research problem, rather than the why. This is mainly because it is important
to have a proper understanding of what a research problem is about before investigating why
it exists in the first place.
• It systematically documents current events, lasting products or phenomena that can be
• DESCRIPTIVE measured directly by the researcher.
RESEARCH • This can take in a form of a questionnaire, poll, survey or case studies

EXAMPLES:
• Profiling of heavy and light smokers.
• How does the Tabunok Public Market changed over 20 years?
• Surveys on political opinions

• Also known as Causal research. It determines cause and effect. Also, it aims to explain
why particular phenomena work in the way that they do.
• It attempts to connect different ideas and to understand the different reasons, causes, and
their effects.
• EXPLANATORY • It focuses of the questions of why
RESEARCH
EXAMPLES:
• Influence of salary, promotion and recognition toward work motivation
• The Impact of Online Learning Activities on Student Learning Outcomes

• Exploratory research is usually conducted when a researcher has just begun an

investigation and wishes to understand the topic generally.
• It merely intends to explore the research question or the nature of the problem and does
not intend to offer final and conclusive solutions.
• EXPLORATORY
RESEARCH EXAMPLE:

• An investigation into the ways of improvement of quality of customer services within

hospitality sector in Lapu-Lapu City.