UNIT 7

PRACTICE GRAMMAR
Choose the best anwser to
complete each sentence.
1. ............ he always does well in Math,
we weren't surprised that he got 10 points.
A. Since + S + V: Bởi vì
B. Although + S + V: Mặc dù
C. So + S + V: Vì vậy
D. When + S + V: Khi
2. ............ she was awarded the prize, she
cried.
A. So that + S + V: Để mà
B. During + Noun/Ving: Trong suốt
C. The moment + S +V: Cái khoảnh khắc mà
D. Expect : câu này mà chọn là
vô lí lắm luôn á huhu =((
3. The fans got excited ............ the movie
star went to.
A. so that
B. in case
C. now that
D. wherever
4. They will never return ............ they have
found the missing boy.
A. while + S + V: Trong khi
B. despite + Noun/Ving: Mặc dù
C. so that + S + V: Để mà
D. until + S + V: Cho đến khi
5. It is ............ an expensive restaurant
that no one would ever come back.
A. so : so + adj + that: quá … đến nỗi mà …
B. such : such (a/an/the) + adj + Noun + that
C. for + S + V: bởi vì
D. as + S + V: bởi vì
6. Kim is ............ nice that she can ask for
help from everybody.
A. so so + adj + that: quá … đến nỗi mà …
B. as + S + V: bởi vì
C. such : such (a/an/the)+ adj noun+ that
D. for + S + V: bởi vì
7. York Street has closed ............ it has
been under repair.
A. so so: vì vậy
B. because + S + V: bởi vì
C. in order that + S + V: để
D. even though + S + V: mặc dù
8. Timmy washes his mouth with salt
water ............ he won't have a sore throat.
A. so so: vì vậy
B. so that + S + V: để mà
C. although + S + V: mặc dù
D. because + S + V: bởi vì
9. ............ the difficulties, he successfully
completed the task.
A. In spite of + S + V: Mặc dù
B. In view of + Noun/Ving: Bởi vì
C. During + Noun/Ving: Trong suốt
D. For + S + V: Bởi vì
10. Food should be stored in a refrigerator
............ it remains fresh longer.
A. in order that + S + V: Để mà
B. in spite of + Noun/Ving: Mặc dù
C. as though + S + V: Như thể là
D. because of + Noun/Ving: Bởi vì
11. They haven't watered the flowers for a
long time, ............ all of them have been
withered.
A. so vì vậy
B. except + S + V: ngoại trừ
C. in order that + S + V: để
D. as if + S + V: như thể là
12. Neither of them got the highest score
............ they had tried a lot.
A. unless + S + V: nếu không thì
B. though + S + V: mặc dù
C. because + S + V: bởi vì
D. as soon as + S + V: khi
13. ............ the doctor said that his condition
was hopeless, he recovered very well.
A. While + S + V: Trong khi
B. In case + S + V: Phòng trường hợp
C. As if + S + V: Như thể là
D. Despite + Noun/Ving: Mặc dù
14. He likes everything about Thailand, ............
the streets are so dangerous.
A. as if + S + V: như thể là
B. although + S + V: mặc dù
C. except + S + V: ngoại trừ
D. due to + Noun/Ving: bởi vì
15. They had ............ opened the door when
they saw two strangers searching their office.
A. as soon : as soon as + S + V: ngay khi
B. hardly : hardly ... when: vừa mới … thì …
C. no sooner = no sooner ... than
D. whereas + S + V: trái lại
16. Why don't you bring another pair of jeans
............ they get all wet in the rain?
A. so so+ adj+ that: vì vậy
B. so that + S + V: để
C. in case + S + V: phòng hờ
D. as soon as + S + V: khi
17. Jane drives ............ she were a professional
racer.
A. though + S + V: mặc dù
B. as though + S + V (lùi): như thể là …
C. even though + S + V: mặc dù
D. although + S + V: mặc dù
18. ............ he hadn't applied for the job,
he would have had a chance to go to the US.
A. For + S + V: Bởi vì
B. In case + S + V: Phòng hờ
C. As if + S + V: Như thể là
D. If : Nếu như (IF loại 3)
19. He had ............ locked the door than
he remembered putting the key in his room.
A. no sooner : vừa mới thì
B. hardly hardly … when …
C. in view of + Noun/Ving: bởi vì
D. on account of + Noun/Ving: bởi vì
20. ............ he came to say hello to me, I
couldn't remember his name.
A. The minute + S + V: Cái khoảnh khắc
B. During + Noun/Ving: Trong suốt
C. Despite + Noun/Ving: Mặc dù
D. Due to + Noun/Ving: Bởi vì
 Combine each pair of
sentences, using adverbial
clauses. Do not reduce the
clauses!
1. Frank had a very hard life. He was young then.
à When Frank was young, he had a very hard life.
2. Their performance last week was a real success.
However, theirs last night was a disaster.
à Whereas their performance last week was a real success,
theirs last night was a disaster.

Whereas + S + V: trong khi

3. The earthquake happened last night. Everyone was sleeping.
à While everyone was sleeping last night, the earthquake
happened.

While + QKTD, QKĐ: Hành động đang xảy ra (HĐD)

bỗng dưng có hành động cắt ngang (HĐN)
4. I lost my bike when I parked it outside a store yesterday.
I had locked it very carefully.
à Even though I had locked my bike very carefully, I lost it
when I parked it outside a store yesterday.

Even though + S + V = Although + S + V

= Though + S + V: Mặc dù
5. Scientists are hoping to find more species there.
Amazon rainforest hasn't been discovered totally.
à Since Amazon rainforest hasn’t been discovered totally,
scientists are hoping to find more species there.

Since + S + V = Because + S + V = As + S + V
= Now that + S V: Bởi vì
6. F4's recently released album was a total failure. It was not
what their fans were waiting for.
à Because F4’s recently released album was not what their
fans were waiting for, it was a total failure.

Since + S + V = Because + S + V
= As + S + V = Now that + S + V: Bởi vì
7. Scientists are finding a cure for the epidemic. It is spreading fast.
à While the epidemic is spreading fast, scientists are finding a
cure for it.

While + QKTD, QKTD: Hai hành động xảy ra song song

8. I had spent lots of money buying that laptop. It turned out
to be a white elephant.
à Though I had spent a lot of of money buying that laptop,
it turned out to be a white elephant.

Even though + S + V = Although + S + V

= Though + S + V: Mặc dù
9. Their new house is just splendid. We didn't want to leave
when we visited them yesterday.
à It was so splendid a new house that we didn’t want
to live when we visited them yesterday.

It + tobe + so + adj + Noun + that + S + V

10. Kotawa's girlfriend is really beautiful. All the boys at the
party kept looking at her.
à Kotawa's girlfriend is such a beautiful girl that all the
boys at the party kept looking at her.

such + (a/an/the) + adj + Noun + that + S + V

11. Tommy and Linda are practicing very hard. They want to
win the school dancing competition.
à Since Tommy and Linda want to win the school dancing
competition, they are practicing very hard.

Since + S + V = Because + S + V
= As + S + V = Now that + S + V: Bởi vì
12. They had put the key under a flowerpot in the garden.
Then they left for the airport.
à Before they left for the airport, they had put the key
under a flowerpot in the garden.

Before + S + QKĐ, S + QKHT

After + S + QKHT, S + QKĐ
13. It was a very exciting party. No one left until the end.
à The party was so exciting that no one left until the end.

S + tobe + so + adj + that + S + V

14. Donna wasn't chosen for the school Spanish team.
Her mother is Spanish originally.
à Because Donna’s mother is Spanish originally, she wasn’t
chosen for the school Spanish team.

Because + S + V : Bởi vì …
15. He just opened his own company. This is a tough time for
business.
à Although this is a tough time for business, he opened his
own company.

Even though + S + V = Although + S + V

= Though + S + V: Mặc dù
Reduce the
adverbial
clause in each
sentence, using
the words in
brackets and
Noun phrase.
1. We couldn't manage to go to the party because the streets
were too slippery. (due to)
à We couldn’t manage to go to the party due to the
slippery streets.

Due to +N/Ving = Because of + N/Ving

= In view of + N/Ving = On account of + N/Ving: Bởi vì
2. No one will know the result before it is officially announced
next week. (before)
à No one will know the result before the official
announcement next week.
3. Global warming is getting more and more serious because
factories keep emitting heavy gas. (in view of)
àGlobal warming is getting more and more serious in view
of the emission of heavy gas from factories.

Due to +N/Ving = Because of + N/Ving

= In view of + N/Ving = On account of + N/Ving: Bởi vì
4. Although I had warned him not to do it, he didn't listen to
me. (despite)
à He didn’t listen to me despite my warning.

In spite of / Despite / Irrespective of / Regardless of

+ Noun/Ving: Mặc dù
5. Even though the employer promised to increase the workers'
net salary, they haven't started working again yet. (in spite of)
à The workers haven’t started working again yet in spite of
the employer’s promise to increase the net salary.

In spite of / Despite / Irrespective of / Regardless of

+ Noun/Ving: Mặc dù
6. Many people are eagerly waiting for the movie New Moon
since its ending is unpredictable. (because of)
à Many people are eagerly waiting for the movie New Moon
because of the/its unpredictable ending.

Due to +N/Ving = Because of + N/Ving

= In view of + N/Ving = On account of + N/Ving: Bởi vì
7. More and more floods are happening at anytime of the year
because we are destroying forests. (because of)
à More and more floods are happening at anytime of the year
because of our deforestation.

Due to +N/Ving = Because of + N/Ving

= In view of + N/Ving = On account of + N/Ving: Bởi vì
8. The event couldn't be considered a success although many
people attended it. (in spite of)
à The event couldn’t be considered a success in spite of a
good number of attendees/attenders.
In spite of / Despite / Irrespective of / Regardless of
+ Noun/Ving: Mặc dù
9. Since they couldn't find enough money for their project, they
decided to delay it. (due to)
à They decided to delay their project due to being unable/their
inability to find enough money for it.

Due to +N/Ving = Because of + N/Ving

= In view of + N/Ving = On account of + N/Ving: Bởi vì
10. Because there are many violent programs on TV, children
behave worse. (on account of)
à Children behave worse on account of a number of violent
programs on TV.

Due to +N/Ving = Because of + N/Ving

= In view of + N/Ving = On account of + N/Ving: Bởi vì
11. We visited many tourist attractions while we were on a
vacation to Mexico last year. (during)
à We visited many tourist attractions during our vacation to
Mexico last week.

During + NOUN: Trong suốt …

12. We won't be able to start on time because the weather
was so bad. (because of)
à We won’t be able to start on time because of the bad weather.

Due to +N/Ving = Because of + N/Ving

= In view of + N/Ving = On account of + N/Ving: Bởi vì
13. The country's economy keeps declining although the
government has tried a lot to control it. (despite)
à The country’s economy keeps declining despite the
government’s effort to control it.

In spite of / Despite / Irrespective of / Regardless of

+ Noun/Ving: Mặc dù
14. Though I had advised him not to go to his ex-girlfriend's
wedding, he did. (in spite of)
à He went to his ex-girlfriend’s wedding in spite of having
been advised not to go/my advice.

In spite of / Despite / Irrespective of / Regardless of

+ Noun/Ving: Mặc dù
15. He will answer the audience's questions when he finishes
presenting his report. (after)
à He will answer the audience’s questions after finishing
presenting his report.

After + V-ing: sau khi …

Reduce the
adverbial clause in
each sentence,
using the words in
brackets. Do not
change the position
on the clause.
1. As the subjects are very difficult, we have to prepare carefully
for the tests next week.
à The subjects being very difficult, we have to prepare carefully
for the tests next week. (being)

Rút gọn mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ nguyên nhân

Bước 1: Bỏ từ nối, và các trợ động từ, giữ lại chủ từ (nếu khác)
Bước 2: Đổi V => V-ing
2. Since the price is going up these days, sales of many products
are decreasing remarkably.
à The price going up these days, sales of many products are
decreasing remarkably. (going)

Rút gọn mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ nguyên nhân

Bước 1: Bỏ từ nối, và các trợ động từ, giữ lại chủ từ (nếu khác)
Bước 2: Đổi V => V-ing
3. When they discovered that the company had been polluting
the canal, they decided to open an investigation.
à On discovering that the company had been polluting the canal,
they decided to open an investigation. (on)

When + S + V = On/Upon + Noun/Ving

4. After he had moved to the new house, he had to deal with many
mysterious events happening in it.
à Having moved to the new house, he had to deal with many
mysterious events happening in it. (having)

After + S + had + V3-ed = Having + V3-ed

5. Though they were in danger themselves, they tried to save the
dog from the fire.
à Though in danger themselves, they tried to save the dog from
the fire. (in danger)
THOUGH + ADJ / CỤM GIỚI TỪ
6. After he had been fired, he drank lots of wine and caused an
accident on the way home.
à Having been fired, he drank lots of wine and caused an
accident on the way home. (having)

After + S + had + V3-ed = Having + V3-ed

7. I just made a list of guests to the party so that I won't forget
anyone.
à I just made a list of guests to the party in order not to forget
anyone. (not to)

in order / so as (not) to V à để (không) …

8. Because cobras have extremely strong venom, they are
considered among the most dangerous reptiles in the wild.
à Having extremely strong venom, cobras are considered
among the most dangerous reptiles in the wild. (having)
Rút gọn mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ nguyên nhân
Bước 1: Bỏ từ nối, và các trợ động từ, giữ lại chủ từ (nếu khác)
Bước 2: Đổi V => V-ing
9. When she saw him hit the dog, she called the police.
à Upon seeing him hit the dog, she called the police. (upon)

When + S + V = On/Upon + Noun/Ving

10. Since cancer hasn't been cured, it is still considered the
deadliest disease.
à Not having been cured, cancer a still considered the deadliest
disease. (having)
Rút gọn mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ nguyên nhân
Bước 1: Bỏ từ nối, và các trợ động từ, giữ lại chủ từ (nếu khác)
Bước 2: Đổi V => V-ing
11. An Italian man started Slow Food movement so that he could
fight against the invasion of fast food to Italy.
à An Italian man started Slow Food movement so as to fight
against the invasion of fast food to Italy. (so as)
in order / so as (not) to V à để (không) …
12. Although the rescuers are digging up many victims, they believe
that there are more people in the ruins of the building.
à Although dug up by the rescuers, many more victims are
believed to be in the ruins of the building. (dug)

Although + ADJ / CỤM GIỚI TỪ

13. The government is planning to charge automobiles to the city
center in order that they can reduce traffic jams.
à The government is planning to charge automobiles to the
city center in order to reduce traffic jams. (in order)
IN ORDER / SO AS (NOT) TO V à ĐỂ (KHÔNG) …
14. Though the player was being sent off, he felt proud scoring the
first goal for the team.
à Though sent off, the player proud scoring the first goal for the
team. (despite)
Although + ADJ / CỤM GIỚI TỪ
15. After the missing girl had been found, she was taken to the
hospital for a medical check-up.
à Having been found, the missing girl was taken to the hospital
for a medical check-up. (having)

After + S + had + V3-ed = Having + V3-ed

16. As April is usually the hottest month of the year, it is the time
when people buy the most air-conditioners.
à Being usually the hottest month of the year, April is the time
when people buy the most air-conditioners. (being)
Rút gọn mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ nguyên nhân
Bước 1: Bỏ từ nối, và các trợ động từ, giữ lại chủ từ (nếu khác)
Bước 2: Đổi V => V-ing
17. That article is not allowed to publish so that it won't confuse
the public.
à That article is not allowed to publish in order not to confuse
the public. (not to)
in order / so as (not) to V à để (không) …
18. As I am doing the housework, I usually listen to the kind of
music I like best.
à Doing the homework, I usually listen to the kind of music I
like best. (doing)
Rút gọn mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ nguyên nhân
Bước 1: Bỏ từ nối, và các trợ động từ, giữ lại chủ từ (nếu khác)
Bước 2: Đổi V => V-ing
19. Villagers are still searching for the lost boy though they are
not hoping he is still alive.
à Villagers are still searching for the lost boy in spite of not
hoping he is still alive. (in spite of)
20. Though the newly-released bike was expensive, it was sold
out within a day.
à Though expensive, the newly-released bike was sold out
within a day. (expensive)
Although + ADJ / CỤM GIỚI TỪ
Choose the best answer to
complete each sentence.
1. The race will have been over ............ .
A. by the time we come there
B. before we will come there
C. although we will come there
D. because we come there
2. ............, there are more and more people dying from it.
A. Despite some cures have been developed
B. Although some cures for HIV/AIDS have been developed
C. Though the fact that some cures for HIV/AIDS have been developed
D. In spite the fact that some cures for HIV/AIDS have been developed
3. ............, we have to face the environmental consequences.
A. Because that we have industrialized our country without thinking
B. Now that we have industrialized our country without thinking
C. Due to we have industrialized our country without thinking
D. On account of we have industrialized our country without thinking
4. Nobody agreed to receive the award ............ .
A. now that its lowered value by the organizers
B. because its lowered value by the organizers
C. due to its value had been lowered by the organizers
D. because of the fact that its value had been lowered by the organizers
5. Many new TV programs on children have been produced ............ .
A. in order that for parents to understand their children more
B. so that parents to understand their children more
C. in order that parents can understand their children more
D. so parents to understand their children more
6. He had hardly inserted the DVD into the player ............ .
A. as soon as the power went out
B. than the power went out
C. when the power went out
D. as the power went out
7. ............ that three more episodes have been produced.
A. It was such a great movie
B. It was so a movie great
such + (a/an) + (adj) + Noun
C. The movie was so a great so + adj + a/an + Noun (số ít)
D. The movie was such great
8. ............ that I think it will be very difficult for one to invent
another useful thing.
A. There were so many great inventions
B. There were such great many inventions
C. There were so many inventions great
D. There were such many inventions great

such + a lot of + Noun

so + many / much + Noun
9. Many Pho restaurants have been opened around the
world ............ .
A. so that we can promote this specialty to other areas
B. in order we can promote this special to other areas
C. so for us to promote this specialty to other areas
D. in order that for us to promote this specialty to other areas
10. ............, local people had existed there thousands of years
before.
A. Despite America was discovered in 1492
B. Although the 1492 American discovery
C. In spite of the fact that the 1492 American discovery
D. Despite the fact that America was discovered in 1492
11. ............, he is telling the police what happened to the train
that night.
A. In recovering from the accident
B. Being recovered from the accident
C. Having recovered from the accident
D. Having been recovered from the accident

Câu gốc: After he has recovered from the accident, he is

telling the police what happened to the train that night.
12. ............, zebras were no match for agile lions.
A. Even though being fast runners
B. In spite of the fact that they were fast runners
C. Despite they were running very fast
D. Although their running fast
13. ............, he saw a yacht and was saved.
A. Having floating in the sea for three days
B. As floating in the sea for three days
C. Having floated in the sea for three days
D. Being floating in the sea for three days

Câu gốc: After he had floated in the sea for three days,
he saw a yacht and was saved.
14. ............, he didn't do it very well.
A. Not preparing for the test carefully
B. Because not preparing for the test carefully
C. Preparing not for the test carefully
D. Since preparing not for the test carefully

Câu gốc: Because he didn’t prepare for the test carefully, he

didn’t do it very well.
15. ............ she fainted.
A. When telling her the truth
B. After being found the truth
C. Having being told the truth
D. Upon finding out the truth

When + S + V = On/Upon + Ving/Noun

16. ............, many students were late for the course.
A. Closing earlier than expected enrollment
B. Since the enrollment closing earlier than expected
C. The enrollment closing earlier than expected
D. The students closing the enrollment earlier than expected

Câu gốc: Because the enrollment closed earlier than

expected, many students were late for the course.
17. The victims have managed to survive ............ .
A. despite being buried for two days without water
B. as though being buried for two days without water
C. despite that they are being buried for two days without water
D. in spite of buried for two days without water
18. FIFA will never agree to reorganize the game ............ .
A. in order not to break the rules they have set
B. so as to not break the rules they have set
C. not breaking the rules they have set
D. not to break the rules they have set

in order not to / so as not to + Vo: để không …

19. ............, the climbers were successful to conquer the
summit of the mountain.
A. In spite of exhausted
B. Even though exhausted
C. Despite exhausted
D. Though being exhausted
Câu gốc: Although + ADJ / CỤM GIỚI TỪ
20. A new space telescope will be launched in the future ……………. .
A. in order so to replace the Hubble Space Telescope used currently
B. that can replace the Hubble Space Telescope used currently
C. to replace the Hubble Space Telescope used currently
D. so to replace the Hubble Space Telescope used currently
Choose the
sentence that is
closet in
meaning to
each sentence
below.
1. The archaeologists are doing nothing except discussing where to dig.
A. The archaeologists have nothing to do with the discussion of where to dig.
B. The archaeologists are doing everything but not discussing where to dig.
C. The archaeologists are only discussing where to dig.
D. The archaeologists are not discussing where to dig before they did nothing.

Câu gốc: Các nhà khảo cổ không làm gì ngoài việc

bàn bạc nên đào ở đâu.
2. He is living with his grandmother as his parents got divorced.
A. Despite the fact that his parents got divorced, he is living with his grandmother.
B. Now that his parents got divorced, he is living with his grandmother.
C. During his parents got divorced, he lived with his grandmother.
D. His parents got divorced due to the fact that he is living with his grandmother.

Now that + S + V = Because + S + V

3. The way of teaching is still traditional in spite of changes in the textbooks.
A. The way of traditional teaching triggers (gây ra) changes in the textbooks.
B. Changes in the textbooks are despite the fact that the way of
teaching is still traditional. Tui là tui không có dạy cấu trúc này nha!!!!
C. There are changes in the textbooks, but the way of teaching is still traditional.
D. The way of teaching is still traditional in view of changes in the textbooks.

Câu gốc: Có sự thay đổi trong sách giáo khoa những

cách giảng dạy thì vẫn truyền thống.
4. Thanks to technological development, new areas on the earth have been discovered.
A. Upon technological development, new areas on the earth have been discovered.
B. In spite of the fact that new areas on the earth have been discovered, technology
develops. Đọx vô thấy vô lí lắm luôn á huhu =((
C. Having been discovered, the new areas on the earth developed technologically.
D. New areas on the earth have been discovered on account of technological development.

ON ACCOUNT OF + NOUN: bởi vì …

5. The autumn in Hanoi is so attractive that it inspires many song composers.
A. Hanoi appears in many songs because of its autumnal attraction.
B. The autumn in Hanoi is so attractive but inspires many song composers.
C. Although the autumn in Hanoi is so attractive, it inspires many song composers.
D. Many song composers include Hanoi in their songs despite its autumnal attraction.

BECAUSE OF + NOUN
6. A regional effort is being carried out in order to help prevent rare species of animals from extinction.

A. To avoid preventing rare species of animals from extinction, a regional effort is being carried out.

B. We can help prevent rare species of animals from extinction if we carry out a regional effort.

C. A regional effort is being carried out so that we can help prevent rare species of animals from extinction.

D. After a regional effort is carried out, we can help prevent rare species of animals from extinction.

SO THAT + S + V: để mà …
7. They earn little money but manage to support two orphans.
A. They manage to support two orphans, so they earn little money.
B. Because they manage to support two orphans, they don't have a lot of money.
C. Due to they are poor, they manage to support two orphans.
D. Although they are poor, they manage to support two orphans.

ALTHOUGH + S + V: mặc dù
8. Abu Dhabi is the only 7-star rated hotel in the world because it is nothing but a wonder.

A. Abu Dhabi is so wonderful a hotel that it is rated the only 7-star hotel in the world.

B. Abu Dhabi is the only 7-star rated hotel in the world in spite of its wonder.

C. Abu Dhabi Hotel is a wonder since it is the only 7-star rated hotel in the world.

D. Abu Dhabi is such a wonderful that it is rated the only 7-star hotel in the world.

SO…THAT… dùng với cụm danh từ

So + adj + a/an + noun + that + S + V
9. Many parents claim that teenagers care for everything but not their study.
A. Many parents claim that teenagers don't care for anything including their study.
B. Many parents claim that teenagers don't care for anything but their study.
C. Many parents claim that teenagers care for everything except their study.
D. Many parents claim that teenagers care for everything than their study.

Except (for) + NOUN: ngoại trừ …

10. Long before computers were invented, complex calculations had been a big problem to human beings.

A. Being invented by computers, complex calculations had been a big problem to human beings.

B. As soon as computers were invented, complex calculations had been a big problem to human beings.

C. Complex calculations had been a big problem to human beings long before the time of computers.

D. Complex calculations had no sooner been a big problem to human beings than computers were invented.

BEFORE + NOUN / S + V
11. A student's final score will be calculated based on the average of all the assignments and tests scores

during the course.

A. All the assignments and tests scores during the course will be used to calculate a student's final scores.

B. A student's final score will be calculated due to all the assignments and tests scores during the course.

C. Being calculated as a student's final score, all the assignments and tests must be done during the course.

D. A student's final score will be calculated in case the student does all the assignments and

tests during the course.

12. A war between the two countries may set off after the naval clash last week.
A. When there is a naval clash, a war between the two countries may set off.
B. Due to the naval clash last week, a war between the two countries may set off.
C. For the naval clash last week, a war between the two countries may set off.
D. In spite of a war between the two countries, the naval clash set off last week.

DUE TO + NOUN: BỞI VÌ …

13. Since the ice in Greenland is melting fast, the sea level is rising at an amazing speed.
A. The ice in Greenland is melting fast because the sea level is rising at an amazing speed.
B. The ice in Greenland is melting fast, which causes the sea level to rise at an amazing speed.
C. For the ice in Greenland is melting fast the sea level is rising at an amazing speed.
D. The sea level is rising at an amazing speed as if the ice in Greenland is melting fast.
14. The Native Americans had been living in America long before they were expelled from their land
by European immigrants.
A. Having lived in America for a long time, European immigrants expelled the Native Americans from
their land.
B. Having been expelled from their land by European immigrants, the Native Americans had been
living in America long before.
C. During the time of living in America, the Native Americans had been expelled from Europe long before.
D. Having been living in America for a long time, the Native Americans were expelled from
their land by European immigrants.

HAVING + V3-ED à rút gọn mệnh đề trạng ngữ

15. The big economic depression had made many countries suffer before they recovered
soon after that.
A. Having suffered from the big economic depression, many countries recovered soon.
B. Having recovered soon after that, the big economic depression had made many countries
suffer.
C. Because of suffering from the big economic depression, many countries recovered soon
after that.
D. In view of suffering from the big economic depression, many countries recovered soon
after that.

HAVING + V3-ED à rút gọn mệnh đề trạng ngữ

Choose the part
that needs
correcting in each
sentence.
1. Traditionally, Thanksgiving dinner is held in order to family
members can get together.
à Sửa thành: in order that
2. Children these days seem weaker than those in the past so that
they have various source of nutritious food.
à Sửa thành: although
3. Western cultures are such difficult that most Vietnamese
people experience culture shocks when in those countries.
à Sửa thành: so
4. He is trying his best for the exam next week so as to not take
me the course again.
à Sửa thành: as not to
5. Having examining all the proof, the police announced that he
had not murdered the politician.
à Sửa thành: Having examined
6. People will never know the causes of dinosaurs’ disappearance
in spite of many fossils have been found.
à Sửa thành: though
7. Being prepared for the important presentation next week,
Kim discovered that she was going to be dismissed.
à Sửa thành: Having prepared
8. Since the construction of infrastructures has increased
remarkably, it cannot be compared with the rocketing number
of inhabitants in the city.
à Sửa thành: Even though
9. They will never give up crossing the Siberian Plateau even though
facing many challenges.
à Sửa thành: they have to face
10. In looking at the documents they had given him, he suffered
a heart attack right away.
à Sửa thành: On
11. Being fallen from a tall building when performing, the actor
was seriously injured.
à Sửa thành: Having fallen
12. On view of the clothes worn on the recently-found mummies,
scientists insisted that they had lived in severe weather condition.
à Sửa thành: In
13. Being found him cheat in the exam, the disciplinary board
expelled him from school for one year.
à Sửa thành: Having found
14. The model's health is critically damaged because of not eat
enough nutritious food for a long time.
à Sửa thành: not eating
15. The court sentenced her to 9 years in prison despite that she is
70 years old.
à Sửa thành: the fact that