Cardiac Muscle

Dr. Mohammed Abdul Hannan Hazari

Assistant Professor,
Department of Physiology,
Deccan College of Medical Sciences,
Hyderabad
Heart
Coronary Arteries

Anterior View Posterior View

Heart Location In The Chest

Precordium
 Heart

Weight: 300g
Work: 72beats/min
Pumps: 70mL/beat

The busy and hard working heart!

Heart Chambers

Left atrium

Right atrium

Left ventricle

Right ventricle
Heart Pump
• The heart pumps blood by
contraction and relaxation.
• Contraction is called systole.
• Relaxation is called diastole.
• The Cardiac Cycle is the cycle
through one systole and one
diastole.
Heart Pump
1. Right Heart
 receives venous blood from systemic
circulation via superior and inferior vena cava
into right atrium
 pumps blood to pulmonary circulation from
right ventricle
2. Left Heart
receives oxygenated blood from pulmonary veins
pumps blood into systemic circulation
Direction Of Flow In The Heart
Heart Valves
1. Atrioventricular
 Tricuspid
• between RA and RV
• three leaflets
 Mitral
• between LA and LV
• two leaflets
2. Semilunar
 Pulmonic--three leaflets
 Aortic--three leaflets
Cardiac Muscle
Myocardial cells
1. Working myocardial cells
• Contraction & relaxation (Heart
Pump)
2. Pacemaker cells
• Impulse generation & conduction
(Conducting system of the heart)
Cardiac Muscle
• Striated
• Sarcomere is the
functional unit.
• Nuclei - centrally
located.
• Abundant
mitochondria.
Cardiac Muscle
• SR is less abundant than in
skeletal muscle.
• Sarcolemma has specialized
ion channels that skeletal
muscle does not  voltage-
gated Ca2+ channels.
The Sarcomere

1.6 – 1.7 μ
Cardiac Muscle
Functional Syncitium
• Fibers are branched; connect to one
another at intercalated discs.
• The discs contain several gap junctions
providing cytoplasmic continuity.
• Rapid transmission of impulse.
• 2 syncitia
– Atrial syncitium
– Ventricular syncitium
*Separated by fibrous ring
Ventricular Action Potential
Conducting System Of The Heart
Direction Of Spread Of Impulse
Sinoatrial node (SAN) – pacemaker
Atrial muscle
Internodal pathways –fast conduction
Atrioventricular node (AVN) – nodal delay
Bundle of His – fast conduction
Rt. & Left bundle branches
Purkinje’s fibers
Ventricular muscle
Membrane Potential Of SAN

L-type

T-type
Conduction Speeds In Cardiac Tissue
Tissue Conduction Rate (mts/s)
SA node 0.05
Atrial pathways 1
AV node 0.05
Bundle of His 1
Purkinje system 4
Ventricular muscle 1
Questions?
Thank You