Electrocardiograph

Unit 2:
Bio Medical Recorders and Bio Amplifier

By: Mrs. Avni Majawadia Jain

Course : BM 39003 Biomedical Instrumentation 1 Asst. Prof., S.G.S.I.T.S
 Outline

• ECG Amplifier
• Differential Amplifier

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Instrumentation Amplifier for ECG

ECG amplifier

Lower corner frequency 0.05 Hz, upper 100Hz

Safety and protection: leakage current below safety standard limit of 10 uA.
Electrical isolation from the power line and the earth ground
Protection against high defibrillation voltages

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 Recap

Vd = VA- VB

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• step #1: note that virtual short circuit exists across terminals of
opamp.
• step #2: define differential mode gain Aid
• step #3: define Vo for VI2 = 0;
• step #4: define Vo for VI1 = 0;
• step #5: Define Aid.
• step #6: Define Common mode gain Acm

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Selecting (R4/ R3) = (R2/R1)

Differential gain = Ad = Vo /(Vi2-Vi1) = (R2/R1)

Common Mode gain = Acm = Vo / Vicm = (R4/(R4+R3))(1- ((R2*R3)/R1* R4)) => 0

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 Input Resistance

Rid = Vid /i1

Vid = (R1*i1) + (R1*i1)
Rid = 2R1

If Gain is to be High , R1 should be Low.

On other hand , if R1 is small input impedance will be High.

Solution: Instrumentation Amplifier.

Reference Book: Microelectronic Circuits, Theory And Applications , Sedra and Smith
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