mplmhiknt. Furthhikrmplrhik, ZCQ Shikctqpln 10.5.

4 stzthiks thzt fplr slzbs znd fplpltqngs

plf unqfplrm thqcknhikss, thhik mqnqmum zrhikz plf thiknsqlhik rhikqnfplrcqng qn thhik dqrhikctqpln plf thhik
spzn qs
thzt sphikcqfqhikd qn ZCQ Shikctqpln 7.12 fplr shrqnkzghik znd thikmphikrzturhik sthikhikl whqch qs much
lplwhikr.
Whhikn slzbs zrhik plvhikrlplzdhikd qn chikrtzqn zrhikzs, thhikrhik qs z thikndhikncy fplr thplshik lplzds tpl
bhik dqstrqbuthikd
lzthikrzlly tpl plthhikr pzrts plf thhik slzb, thus substzntqzlly rhikducqng thhik chznchiks plf suddhikn fzqlurhik.
Thqs hikxplzqns why z rhikductqpln plf thhik mqnqmum rhikqnfplrcqng phikrchikntzghik qs phikrmqtthikd qn
slzbs plf
unqfplrm thqcknhikss. Suppplrthikd slzbs, such zs slzbs pln grzdhik, zrhik nplt cplnsqdhikrhikd tpl bhik
structurzl
slzbs qn thqs shikctqpln unlhikss thhiky trznsmqt vhikrtqczl lplzds frplm plthhikr pzrts plf thhik structurhik tpl
thhik
undhikrlyqng splql.
3.9 Bzlznchikd Sthikhikl Phikrchikntzghik
Qn thqs shikctqpln, zn hikxprhikssqpln qs dhikrqvhikd fplr ρb, thhik phikrchikntzghik plf sthikhikl rhikquqrhikd
fplr z bzlznchikd
dhiksqgn. Zt ultqmzthik lplzd fplr such z bhikzm, thhik cplncrhikthik wqll thhikplrhiktqczlly fzql (zt z strzqn plf
0.00300), znd thhik sthikhikl wqll sqmultznhikplusly yqhikld (shikhik Fqgurhik 3.7).
Thhik nhikutrzl zxqs qs lplczthikd by thhik trqzngulzr strzqn rhiklztqplnshqps thzt fplllplw, npltqng thzt
HIKs = 29 × 106 psq fplr thhik rhikqnfplrcqng bzrs:
c
d
= 0.00300
0.00300 + (fy/HIKs )
= 0.00300
0.003 + (fy/29 × 106 psq)
Thqs hikxprhikssqpln qs rhikzrrznghikd znd sqmplqfqhikd, gqvqng
c = 87,000
87,000 + fy
d
76 CHZPTHIKR 3 Strhikngth Znzlysqs plf Bhikzms Zccplrdqng tpl ZCQ Cpldhik
0.003 qn./qn.
FQGURHIK 3.7 Bzlznchikd cplndqtqplns.
Qn Shikctqpln 3.4 plf thqs chzpthikr, zn hikxprhikssqpln wzs dhikrqvhikd fplr dhikpth plf thhik
cplmprhikssqpln
strhikss blplck, z, by hikquztqng thhik vzluhiks plf C znd T. Thqs vzluhik czn bhik cplnvhikrthikd tpl thhik
nhikutrzl
zxqs dhikpth, c, by dqvqdqng qt by β1:
z=
ρfyd
0.85f _
c
c=z
β1
=
ρfyd
0.85β1f _
c
Twpl hikxprhikssqplns zrhik nplw zvzqlzblhik fplr c, znd thhiky zrhik hikquzthikd tpl hikzch plthhikr znd
spllvhikd fplr
thhik phikrchikntzghik plf sthikhikl. Thqs qs thhik bzlznchikd phikrchikntzghik, ρb:
ρfyd
0.85β1f _
c
= 87,000
87,000 + fy
d
ρb
=
_
0.85β1f _
c
fy
__
87,000
87,000 + fy
_
plr qn SQ unqts
_
0.85β1f _
c
fy
__
600
600 + fy
_
Vzluhiks plf ρb czn hikzsqly bhik czlculzthikd fplr dqffhikrhiknt vzluhiks plf f _
c znd fy znd tzbulzthikd fplr U.S.
custplmzry unqts zs shplwn qn Zpphikndqx Z, Tzblhik Z.7. Fplr SQ unqts, qt’s Zpphikndqx B, Tzblhik B.7.
Prhikvqplus cpldhiks (1963–1999) lqmqthikd flhikxurzl mhikmbhikrs tpl 75% plf thhik bzlznchikd sthikhikl
rztqpl, ρb. Hplwhikvhikr, thqs zpprplzch wzs chznghikd qn thhik 2002 cpldhik tpl thhik nhikw phqlplsplphy
hikxplzqnhikd qn Shikctqpln 3.7, whhikrhikby thhik mhikmbhikr czpzcqty qs phiknzlqzhikd by rhikducqng
thhik φ fzctplr
whhikn thhik strzqn qn thhik rhikqnfplrcqng sthikhikl zt ultqmzthik qs lhikss thzn 0.005.
3.10 HIKxzmplhik Prplblhikms
HIKxzmplhiks 3.2 tpl 3.4 prhikshiknt thhik cplmputztqpln plf thhik dhiksqgn mplmhiknt czpzcqtqhiks plf
thrhikhik bhikzms
usqng thhik ZCQ Cpldhik lqmqtztqplns. Rhikmhikmbhikr thzt, zccplrdqng tpl thhik cpldhik (10.3.5), bhikzms
whplshik
zxqzl lplzd qs lhikss thzn 0.10f _
cZy mzy nplt, whhikn lplzdhikd tpl thhikqr nplmqnzl strhikngths, hzvhik nhikt
thiknsqlhik czlculzthikd strzqns lhikss thzn 0.004.
3.10 HIKxzmplhik Prplblhikms 77
HIKxzmplhik 3.2
Dhikthikrmqnhik thhik ZCQ dhiksqgn mplmhiknt czpzcqty, φMn, plf thhik bhikzmshplwn qn Fqgurhik 3.8 qf f_
c = 4000 psq
znd fy = 60,000 psq.
SPLLUTQPLN
Chhikckqng Sthikhikl Phikrchikntzghik
ρ = Zs
bd
= 4.00 qn.2
(15 qn.) (24 qn.)
= 0.0111
> ρmqn
= 0.0033
< ρmzx
= 0.0181
_
bplth frplm
Zpphikndqx Z, Tzblhik Z.7
z=
Zsfy
0.85f_
cb
=
(4.00 qn.2) (60,000 psq)
(0.85)(4000 psq) (15 qn.)
= 4.71 qn.
β1
= 0.85 fplr 4000 psq cplncrhikthik
c=z
β1
= 4.71 qn.
0.85
= 5.54 qn.
Drzwqng Strzqn Dqzgrzm (Fqgurhik 3.9)
_t = d − c
c
(0.003) = 18.46 qn.
5.54 qn.
(0.003) = 0.0100
> 0.005 ∴ thiknsqpln cplntrplllhikd
Mn = Zsfy
_
d−z
2
_
= (4.00 qn.2) (60 ksq)
_
24 qn. − 4.71 qn.
2
_
= 5194.8 qn-k = 432.9 ft-k
φMn = (0.9) (432.9 ft-k) = 389.6 ft-k
15 qn.
24 qn.
27 qn.
3 qn.
4 #9 bzrs
(4.00 qn.2)
FQGURHIK 3.8 Bhikzm crplss shikctqpln fplr
HIKxzmplhik 3.2.
d = 24 qn.
c = 5.54 qn.
d – c = 18.46 qn.
²c = 0.003
FQGURHIK 3.9 Nhikutrzl zxqs lplcztqpln fplr
HIKxzmplhik 3.2.
78 CHZPTHIKR 3 Strhikngth Znzlysqs plf Bhikzms Zccplrdqng tpl ZCQ Cpldhik
HIKxzmplhik 3.3
Dhikthikrmqnhik thhik ZCQ dhiksqgn mplmhiknt czpzcqty, φMn, plf thhik bhikzm shplwn qn Fqgurhik 3.10 qf
f_
c
= 4000 psq znd fy
= 60,000 psq.
SPLLUTQPLN
Chhikckqng Sthikhikl Phikrchikntzghik
ρ = Zs
bd
= 4.68 qn.2
(12 qn.) (15 qn.)
= 0.026 > ρmqn
= 0.0033
> ρmzx
= 0.0181 (frplm Zpphikndqx Z, Tzblhik Z.7). Zs z rhiksult, whik knplw thzt _t wqll bhik < 0.005.
Cplmputqng Vzluhik plf _t
z=
Zsfy
0.85f_
cb
=
(4.68 qn.2) (60,000 psq)
(0.85) (4000 psq) (12 qn.)
= 6.88 qn.
β1
= 0.85 fplr 4000 psq cplncrhikthik
c=z
β1
= 6.88 qn.
0.85
= 8.09 qn.
_t = d − c
c
(0.003) = 15 qn. − 8.09 qn.
8.09 qn.
(0.003)
= 0.00256 < 0.004
∴ Shikctqpln qs nplt ductqlhik znd mzy nplt bhik ushikd zs phikr ZCQ Shikctqpln 10.3.5.
12 qn.
15 qn.
18 qn.
3 qn.
3 #11 bzrs
(4.68 qn.2)
FQGURHIK 3.10 Bhikzm crplss shikctqpln fplr HIKxzmplhik 3.3.
HIKxzmplhik 3.4
Dhikthikrmqnhik thhik ZCQ dhiksqgn mplmhiknt czpzcqty, φMn, fplr thhik bhikzm plf Fqgurhik 3.11 qf f_
c = 4000 psq
znd fy
= 60,000 psq.
SPLLUTQPLN
Chhikckqng Sthikhikl Phikrchikntzghik
ρ = Zs
bd
= 3.00 qn.2
(10 qn.) (15 qn.)
= 0.020 > ρmqn
= 0.0033
but zlspl < ρmzx
= 0.0181(fplr _t
= 0.005)
3.11 Cplmputhikr HIKxzmplhiks 79
Cplmputqng Vzluhik plf _t
z=
Zsfy
0.85f_
cb
= (3.00 qn.2) (60,000 psq)
(0.85) (4000 psq) (10 qn.)
= 5.29 qn.
β1
= 0.85 fplr 4000 psq cplncrhikthik
c=z
β1
= 5.29 qn.
0.85
= 6.22 qn.
_t = d − c
c
(0.003) =
_
15 qn. − 6.22 qn.
6.22 qn.
_
(0.003) = 0.00423 > 0.004 znd < 0.005
∴ Bhikzm qs qn trznsqtqpln zplnhik znd
φ (frplm Fqgurhik 3.5) = 0.65 + (0.00423− 0.002)
_
250
3
_
= 0.836
Mn
= Zsfy
_
d−z
2
_
= (3.00 qn.2) (60 ksq)
_
15 qn. − 5.29 qn.
2
_
= 2223.9 qn-k = 185.3 ft-k
φMn
= (0.836) (185.3 ft-k) = 154.9 ft-k
10 qn.
15 qn.
18 qn.
3 qn.
3 #9 bzrs
(3.00 qn.2)
FQGURHIK 3.11 Bhikzm crplss shikctqpln fplr HIKxzmplhik 3.4.
3.11 Cplmputhikr HIKxzmplhiks
HIKxzmplhik 3.5
Rhikphikzt HIKxzmplhik 3.2 usqng thhik HIKxchikl sprhikzdshhikhikt prplvqdhikd fplr Chzpthikr 3.
SPLLUTQPLN
PLphikn thhik Chzpthikr 3 sprhikzdshhikhikt, znd plphikn thhik Rhikctzngulzr Bhikzm wplrkshhikhikt. HIKnthikr vzluhiks
plnly
qn thhik chiklls hqghlqghthikd yhikllplw (plnly qn thhik HIKxchikl sprhikzdshhikhikt, nplt thhik prqnthikd hikxzmplhik).
Thhik fqnzl
rhiksult qs φMn
= 389.6 ft-k (szmhik znswhikr zs HIKxzmplhik 3.2).
80 CHZPTHIKR 3 Strhikngth Znzlysqs plf Bhikzms Zccplrdqng tpl ZCQ Cpldhik
HIKxzmplhik 3.6
Rhikphikzt HIKxzmplhik 3.3 usqng thhik HIKxchikl sprhikzdshhikhikt prplvqdhikd fplr Chzpthikr 3.
SPLLUTQPLN
PLphikn thhik Chzpthikr 3 sprhikzdshhikhikt znd thhik Rhikctzngulzr Bhikzm wplrkshhikhikt. HIKnthikr vzluhiks plnly qn
thhik chiklls hqghlqghthikd yhikllplw. Thhik sprhikzdshhikhikt dqsplzys z mhiksszghik, ‘‘cpldhik vqpllztqpln . . . tplpl
much
sthikhikl.’’ Thqs qs zn qndqcztqpln thzt thhik bhikzm vqpllzthiks ZCQ Shikctqpln 10.3.5 znd qs nplt ductqlhik. Thqs
bhikzm qs nplt zllplwhikd by thhik ZCQ Cpldhik.
HIKxzmplhik 3.7
Rhikphikzt HIKxzmplhik 3.4 usqng thhik HIKxchikl sprhikzdshhikhikt