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02 - OMKAR PILANKAR - 5THB - Arch, Domes, Vaults - A.B.C.M
02 - OMKAR PILANKAR - 5THB - Arch, Domes, Vaults - A.B.C.M
B.V.C.O.A
Many other structural forms, such as vaults, arcades, and bridges, arose from the skills used
to design and build arches.
Arches have no tensile stresses because they are compressive structures. They can support
themselves and are compressed by the force of gravity pressing on their weight.
Components of arch :
ABUTMENT OR PIER :
It belongs to the portion of wall or pier upon which the arch is supported
ARCH RING :
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INTRADOS OR SOFFIT :
EXTRADOC :
It stands for the wedge shaped units to developed the arch are
called voussoirs or arch stones or arch block.
SPRINGING LINE:
CROWN:
KEY-STONE:
SKEW-BACK:
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SPAN:
RISE:
Rise belongs to the vertical distance among the springing line and the uppermostpoint on
the intrados
SPRINGING POINT:
DEPTH OF ARCH:
The depth of the arch signifies the perpendicular space among the intrados and the extrados
HAUNCH:
Haunch of the arch belongs to the part of the arch that is located centrally among the
keyand skew backs.
SPANDRIL:
Spandril stands for the triangular walling surrounded by the extrados of the arch, a
horizontal line from the crown of the arch and a perpendicular line from the rising of the
outer curves
IMPOST :
The projecting course is provided on the upper part of a pier or abutment to stress the
springing line. This course is called impost
BED JOINTS:
The joints between the voussoirs are called bed joints. These bed joints are radiate from
center of arch. The red color lines in the below figure are bed joints
CENTER OF ARCH :
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SPAN OF AN ARCH:
The clear horizontal distance between the supports or abutments or piers is termed asspan
of an arch
RISE OF AN ARCH :
The clear vertical distance between the highest point on the intrados and the springing line
is called as rise
The perpendicular distance between the intrados of arch to the extrados of arch is called
depth of an arch or height of an arch
THICKNESS OF AN ARCH:
This is the breadth of soffit which is measured perpendicular to the front and back faces of
an arch.
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TYPES OF ARCHES:
THE TRIANGULAR ARCH
ROUND ARCH
SEGMENTAL ARCH
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THE LANCET ARCH
This form of pointed arch was built during the Gothic period.
It was extensively utilised in the construction of windows and
roofs of churches and cathedrals. The arch is tall and slender,
with a pointed apex.
EQUILATERAL ARCH
INTRODUCTION to Domes
The dome has a long history in architecture, and it has been used as an architectural
component in a wide range of structures all over the world. Domes can be seen in
Persian, Roman, Byzantine, Islamic, and Renaissance Italian architecture.
Domes evolved from arches and were originally used only for small structures such
as huts and tombs; however, as construction and design techniques improved, they
became more popular as a way to showcase grand structures such as cathedrals,
legislative buildings, and, more recently, leisure structures such as sports stadiums
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The apex of a dome (sometimes known as the 'crown') is its highest point.
HAUNCH: A portion of an arch located roughly midway between the base and the
summit.
SPRINGING. : The point from which the dome rises is referred to as the springing.
ANALYSIS OF DOME
The regular horizontal thrust impacts the supports, but it also happens at the crown
of an arch, balancing the other half of the arch.
Buttresses or encircling ties can be used to
control it. Domes are tiny shells shaped like
revolution surfaces. The thickness of the shell
may vary over its surface, for example, it may be
increased in some sections to prevent breaking.
Loading Horizontally Dome structures are self-
supporting structures that take the shape of an
arch and distribute external loads around the
sides and down to the foundations.
TYPES
CORBEL DOME
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CROSSED ARCH DOME
ONION DOME
UMBRELLA DOME
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INTRODUCTION to Vaults
An arch is a curved structural structure that
carries loads around an opening to
abutments, jambs, or piers on each side of
the arch's profile. Because pressures are
spread uniformly over the curvature of an
arch, it is structurally highly resistant under
compression.
HISTORY OF VAULT :
In building construction, a vault is a structure at a member that consists of a
collection of arches, usually forming a ceiling or roof. The basic barrel form, which
initially emerged in ancient Egypt and the Middle East, is still in use.
A continuous set of deep enough arches to fill a three-dimensional region. It has the
same thrust as a round arch and must be buttressed along its whole length by
massive walls with narrow gaps.
A groyne vault was found by Roman architects when two barrel vaults intersected
at right angles.
The rib vault, a skeleton of Arches or ribs on which the brickwork may be put, was
devised by the Medieval European builders.
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TYPES
BARREL VAULT
CORBELL VAULT
A corbel is an architectural element that protrudes
from a wall and functions as a kind of bracket for
supporting weight, such as that imposed by a
balcony above.
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FAN VAULT
A fan vault is a type of Gothic architecture that
is made up of a succession of concave sections
or ribs that extend out from a number of spring
points.
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