SOLAR MASKING

AND

ENERGY SAVING MEASURES

B.V.C.O.A

OMKAR PILANKAR | 5TH YEAR / B | E.V. S

What is energy conservation?

At its most basic, energy conservation is the practise of using less energy to save money and
lessen environmental effect. This can include using less electricity, gas, or any other type of
energy that you receive and pay for from your provider. With our planet's finite energy
resources, aggressively conserving energy wherever possible benefits both individuals and
our bigger energy systems.

• Energy efficiency is the reduction of the amount of energy required to offer the same
or improved level of service to the consumer while remaining economically efficient.
Common policies include resource and technological standards, rules, and
incentives that help accelerate the deployment of energy-efficient products and
practises across the economy.

• Combined heat and power (CHP), also known as cogeneration, increases the
conversion efficiency of traditional energy systems by utilising waste heat from
electricity generation to generate thermal energy for heating or cooling in
commercial or industrial operations.

• Demand response measures aim to reduce customer energy demand during peak
periods of electricity demand in order to help address system reliability issues;
reduce the need to dispatch higher-cost, less-efficient generating units to meet
electricity demand; and postpone the need to construct costly new generating or
transmission and distribution capacity. Dynamic pricing/tariffs, price responsive
demand bidding, contractually obligatory and voluntary curtailment, and direct
load control/cycling are all examples of demand response programmes (FERC, 2017).

• Renewable energy is defined as energy that is generated in part or totally from non-
depleting energy sources for direct use or power generation.

• Definitions of renewable energy vary by state, but typically include wind, solar, and
geothermal energy. Renewable energy sources are also considered by some
jurisdictions to be low-impact or small hydro, biomass, biogas, and waste-to-energy.

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WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY ?

•Benefits to the electricity system: Energy efficiency and renewable energy

initiatives, when combined with demand response measures, can help protect
electricity producers and consumers from the costs of adding new capacity to the
system, as well as energy supply disruptions, volatile energy prices, and other
reliability and security risks.

• Emissions and health benefits: The use of fossil fuels to generate electricity is a
source of air pollution that endangers human health, including respiratory sickness
from fine-particle pollution and ground-level ozone (U.S. EPA, 2016)

• The use of fossil fuels to generate electricity is also the major source of greenhouse
gas (GHG) emissions from human activities in the United States, contributing to
global climate change (US EPA, 2017).

• Improving energy efficiency and expanding the usage of renewable energy can help
to reduce the use of fossil fuels and the negative health and environmental
implications that come with it.

• Economic benefits: Many of the state's electrical system, pollution, and health
benefits result in total economic gains. These advantages include lower energy and
fuel prices for consumers, businesses, and the government; additional jobs, profits,
and tax income for firms that support or use energy efficiency renewable energy,
such as construction, manufacturing, and services; and higher employee
productivity.

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Electricity System Benefits

Energy efficiency and renewable energy efforts can be cost competitive with other energy
alternatives and help the United States' power system (illustrated in Figure I-3). An
examination of 20 state energy efficiency initiatives, for example, discovered that these
programmes cost utilities on average 2.3 cents per kilowatt-hour, which is around half to
one-third the cost of new resource choices such as building power plants (LBNL, 2015;
Lazard, 2017).

Energy efficiency and renewable energy initiatives and investments produce both
primary and secondary electricity system benefits.

PRIMARY BENEFITS

The primary benefits are those that are commonly recognised for their ability to reduce the
overall cost of electric service over time, such as avoided expenses of energy generation or
the avoidance of the need to build new power plants.

These advantages can be realised in the long run, the short run, or both. Some of these
advantages are significant, and the majority of them are quantifiable.

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SECONDARY BENEFITS

Secondary benefits include lower power system costs (due to postponed long-term
expenditures), increased reliability, and improved energy security. Secondary benefits are
more difficult to measure and, as a result, are less frequently analysed than primary benefits.
Nonetheless, it is necessary to identify and quantify these benefits where possible in order
to appropriately reflect the costs and benefits of energy efficiency and renewable energy.

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