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(1)
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(rCa'0/ ykd'f 412/)
E-book is created by www.shanyoma.org

csD;rGrf; ckepf&uf
uJh&JUckepf&uf
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xl;tm;jzifh trsKd;orD;rsm; ydkí owdxm;oifhonf/
0domcgtrsKd;orD;MuD; tysKdb0u ajymzl;aompum;wck&Sdonf/
]uRefrwkdY rdef;rom;awG[m a&mif;ukefypönf;rsKd; jzpfygonf}wJh/
a&mif;ukefypönf; emrnfqkd;rxGufzkdY ta&;MuD;onf/ rMumao;rDu &efukef
rSm a&mif;ukefypönf;jzpfaom ig;awG ykpGefawG emrnfysufMu? bmbmnmnm tpGyf
pGJcHMu&ojzifh ig;a&mif;olrsm; tMuD;tus,fxdckdufMuonf/ emrnfysufjcif; tpGyf
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rsm;MuD; owdxm;Mu&ygrnf/
emrnfysufjcif;onf trIdufup? jyó'frD;avmifjcif;rsKd;jzpfonf/
tyfcsdwfESifhoGm;Mum;xkd;&mrSm ar;ckdifa&m*gydk;0ifonftxd epfemoGm;&aom
trsKd;orD;MuD;wOD;udk awGUzl;onf/
tao;tzGJUwckupí tMuD;tus,fjzpfyGm;oGm;wwfonf/ qmAD,mtrsKd;
om;0g'DwOD;u MopMwd,m[efa*&Drif;om;MuD; z&efppfzm'deefwOD;wnf;tm; vkyf
MuHvkdufrIaMumifh yxrurÇmppfMuD;(1914-18)jzpfyGm;cJh&m vlwuka#aoí vlESpf
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(2)
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E-book is created by www.shanyoma.org

odwwfool
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orQ tcsdefumvtawmtwGif; rSJUwaygufrQ rpGef;&atmif aeEkdifcJhonf/
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oefY&Sif;pifMu,faMumif; oufaojycJhonf/
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tdrfay: jyefwufvmr,frsm; rMuHeJY? oDwmudk &mrrif; vufcHovkd? igu eifhudk
vufcHrSm r[kwfzl;? (þum; ykHav;&yf tqkdwnf;/)
&mr,Pusrf;\aemufqkH;tcef;MuD;udk Owå&u@ac:onf/ xkdOwå&u@
udk ykAÁ'¨-a&SUykdif;/ Owå&'¨-aemufydkif;[lí tydkif;ESpfydkif; cGJjcm;xm;onf/ ykAÁ'¨ac:
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tcef;i,frsm;ü &mrrif;MuD; oDwma'0Dudk pGefYvTwfaom taMumif;rsm; tus,fyg&Sd
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onf/ xkd&mr,Pusrf;&if;wGifum; &mrrif; penf;emxGufonf[k rqkd/ bj' rnf


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(3)
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owif;udk twif;n§pfxkwfaeaomaMumifh trwfu zGifhxkwfvkduf&jcif;jzpfonf/
Mum;&aomowif;rSmum; penf;emxGufonfqkdaomtcgu Mum;&aom
owif;rsKd;yifjzpfonf/ ]olwyg;vufxJ a&mufoGm;jyD;om; oDwma'0Dudk &mrrif;
MuD;u bmhaMumifhrsm; ESpfESpfoufouf vufcHaygif;oif;ae&ygvdrfh}paom wkd;wkd;
wkd;wkd; tajymrsKd;awGjzpfonf/
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rnf/ oDwma'0DrSm tjypfr&SdaMumifh igod\/ odkYaomf oDwma'0Dudk igpGefYvkduf
E-book is created by www.shanyoma.org

awmhrnf/ &aoholawmfaumif;MuD;rsm; zl;ajrmfcsifaMumif;? tvkyftauR; jyKcsif


aMumif; olvnf;ajymbl;onf/ ol\csifjcif;udk &r,f&Smí &aoholawmfpifwkdY ae
xkdif&m awmxJodkY ydkYvkdufrnf/ oDwma'0DrSm tjypfuif;pifaMumif; odyg\}
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tnpftaMu;tjzpf wifpm;í]viykyfzrf;onf}[k vltrsm; ac:Muygonf}
(qm,m [d blrsm oodaem rvawåem a&mydwm ok'd̈rawm yZmwd)
(umvd'goa&; - &Ck0Ho 14/ 40/)
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\tonf;ESvkH;paom emuGif;emuGufwkdYudk ckwfxGwfjzwfawmufaeay\}
(0gvrduD\&mr,P? Owå&u@? ykAÁ'¨? 45? 3/)

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jzLygapjcif;tusKd;iSm oDwma'0Dudk ig pGefYvkdufyg\}
({uEÅ 0dok'¨wm nmaPyd avmu&Oöew¬H/ [Ekref em#uac: r[mem#
#Dum/ ESm-438/)
vufESD;pkwf npfywfaomf rodom? y0gjzLnpfvQif npfrSef; odomonf/
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t&G,fvGefaom rdef;rMuD;wGif wif;wdyf rSJUrnf;pGJaomf ruJh&JUMu/ tysKdwefrJh


yg;rSmrSJY&Sdaomf uJh&JUMuonf/ tuJh&JU tpGyftpGJ rcH&apESifh/

qef;xGef;(ref;wuúokdvf)

rSwfcsuf/ /1985-ckESpf azaz:0g&Dvxkwf vkHrav;r*¾Zif; pmrsufESm(20 rS 21)


xdüvm&Sdaom aqmif;yg;udk jyefvnfjyifqifjcif;r&SdyJ &kdufESdyfxm;ygonf/

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