Statistics and SENIOR

HIGH
Probability SCHOOL

Random Variable and Module

Probability Distribution 1
Quarter 1
Statistics and Probability
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Random Variables and Probability Distribution
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Louela A. Dolotina
Editors: Nenet M. Peñaranda
Reviewers: Christopher E. Cruz, Ma. Lourdes D. Espino, Cristina Sofia D. Rafallo
Illustrator: Edison P. Clet
Layout Artist:
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
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Statistics and SENIOR
HIGH

Probability SCHOOL

Module
1
Quarter 1

Random Variables and

Probability Distribution
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Statistics and Probability for Grade 11 Module on Random

Variables and Probability Distribution!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

from Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its Officer-In-Charge Schools
Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin in partnership with
the Local Government of Pasig through its mayor, Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N.
Sotto.
The writers utilized the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum using the Most
Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) while overcoming their personal, social,
and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Let us start our day right. Make sure you have taken your
breakfast then set aside other task that will distract you during
the lesson. Read and follow the instructions carefully. Do not be
in a hurry. Make sure you have pen and paper ready with you.

Perform all the activities provided in this module. Relax and enjoy
the lesson. God bless!

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:

Welcome to the Statistics and Probability Module on Random Variables and

Probability Distribution!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectation - These are what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the module

Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.

Recap - This section will measure what learnings and skills that you
understand from the previous lesson.

Lesson- This section will discuss the topic for this module.

Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform.

Wrap Up- This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the
lessons.

Valuing-this part will check the integration of values in the learning

competency.

Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
module.
 EXPECTATION

Lesson 1: Random Variables and Probability Distribution

Lesson 1.1 Exploring Random Variables

Learning Objectives:

At the end of the learning episode, you are expected to:

1. illustrate random variable; and
2. find the possible values of a random variable.

PRETEST
Direct
ion: Write True if the statement is correct and False if the
statement is incorrect.
1. Rolling a die has two possible outcomes.
2. Random variables can be classified as finite or infinite
random variables.
3. Random variable is a way to map outcomes of a statistical
experiment determined by a chance in to number.
4. There are four possible outcomes when four coins being
tossed.
5. A random variable can only have one value.

RECAP

In your previous lessons in Mathematics 10, an experiment is an

activity which can be done repeatedly under similar conditions and you have
learned also how to list all the possible outcomes in a given experiment.
Below are lists of sample spaces given the experiment.
 LESSON

In this lesson, you will learn about variables that are associated with
probabilities called random variable. We will use a capital letter to represent
a variable.
Random variable is a function that associates a real number of each
element in the sample space.
Steps on how to determine the random variables on any events or
experiments:
1. Determine the sample space. Assign letters that will represent each
outcome.
2. Count the number of the value of the random variable (capital
letter assigned).
Example 1
Suppose two coins are tossed. Let H represent heads, T represent tails and
X be the random variable representing the number of heads that will occur.
Find the values of the random variable X.
So the possible values of random variable X are 0, 1 and 2. We can also say,
X= 0, 1, 2.
Example 2
Suppose there are three people to be tested in Covid-19. Let P represent
positive, N represent negative and Z be the random variable representing the
number of infected person that occur. Find the random variable Z.

So the possible values of random variable Z are 0, 1, 2, and 3. We can also

say, X= 0, 1, 2, 3.

Example 3
Two winners will be drawn from 5 security guards (S) and 6 canteen staff
(C). Let W be the random variable representing the canteen staffs. Find the
values of random variable W.

So the possible values of random variable W are 0, 1 and 2. We can also say,
W= 0, 1, 2.
 ACTIVITIES

1. Four coins are tossed. Let Y be the random variable that represent the
number of tail that will occur. Find the values of random variable Y.

2. Five computers will be delivered to a certain school for testing, but three
of them are defective. The principal will get two of these computers for
his office. Let T represent the random variable representing the defective
computers will occur. Find the values of random variable T.
 WRAP–UP

Random variable is a function that associates a real number of each

element in the sample space.

Steps on how to determine the random variables on any events or

experiments:
1. Determine the sample space. Assign letters that will represent each
outcome.
2. Count the number of the value of the random variable (capital letter
assigned).

VALUING
In
our lesson, we were able to perform mapping of the
outcomes of a statistical experiment determined by a chance in to number.
We are dealing here with chances. In life, managing risk is important
especially in our situation now that we cannot see our enemy. Now it’s up to
you to decide as young adult to risk or to save lives.

POSTTEST

I. Write the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.

1. A function that associates a real number of each element in the

sample space.
a. Sample Space c. Random Variable
b. Experiment d. Normal Distribution

2. If two coins are tossed, which is NOT a possible value of the random
variable for the number of tails?
a. 0 b1
c.2 d. 3
 3. Suppose three coins are tossed. Let Z be the random variable
representing the number of heads that occur. Find the values of the
random variable Z.
a. Z = 0, 1, 2 c. Z = 1, 2, 3
b. Z = 0, 1, 2, 3 d. Z = 1, 2, 3, 4

4. Suppose there are four people to be tested in Covid-19. Let V be the

random variable representing the number of infected that occur. Find
the random variable V.
a. V = 0, 1, 2 c. V = 1, 2, 3
b. V = 0, 1, 2, 3 d. V = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4

5. Which of the following statement is NOT true?

a. Random variables can only have one value.
b. The value of a random variable could be zero.
c. The probability of the value of a random variable could be zero.
d. A random variable represents numerical outcomes for different
situations or events.

II. Ten android tablets will be delivered to a certain school for testing but
three of them are defective. The principal will get two of these tablets
for testing. Let X represent the defective tablet, Y represent the non-
defective tablet and L represent the random variable representing the
defective tablet will occur. Complete the table below and find the
values of random variable L.
 KEY TO CORRECTION

Pretest Activity 1

Activity 1

Activity 2
Post Test
I.

II.

REFERENCES

Belecina, R.R.; Baccay, E.S.; Mateo, E.B., Statistics and Probability, First
Edition, Rex Book Store

Freund, John E., Modern Elementary Statistics, Tenth Edition, Pearson

Prentice Hall