Practical Research 1 – Grade 11

Quarter 1 – Module 3: Ethics in Research

First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Marlyn D. Tolosa
Editor: Jonalyn D. Gungon
Reviewers: Liza A. Alvarez, EPS – Research & Rosallio P. Oriarte Jr., SLRC
Illustrators: Renee Rose C. Reyes & Edison P. Clet
Layout Artist:
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
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OIC-Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

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Librada L. Agon, EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

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 Practical
Research 1 11
Quarter 1
Self-Learning Module 3
Ethics in Research
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to Practical Research 1 Grade 11 Self-Learning Module on Ethics in

Research!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to Practical Research 1 Self-Learning Module on Ethics in Research!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS
This module aims to enlighten you on research ethics. It will help you
understand the significance of applying ethics in research writing.

The module provides the basis for observing ethics in research.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. describe research ethics which serve as a guide in the formulation
of an accurate academic paper;
2. explain the significance of research ethics in writing; and
3. suggest ethical course of action on various life situations.

PRETEST

Directions: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter of the best answer in
your notebook.

1. What term refers to what is right and wrong in conducting research?

A. Ethics
B. Research ethics
C. Ethical standards
D. Ethical considerations

2. What does informed consent mean in research writing?

A. The respondent’s identity is not revealed.
B. The researcher knows who is being studied.
C. The respondent knows he/she is being studied.
D. The researcher and the respondent agree on terms and conditions.

3. How does a researcher observe beneficence in a research?

A. Protect the rights of the respondents.
B. Keep personal information of respondents.
C. Count the number of beneficiaries of the study.
D. Conduct a study which benefits the society and make sure it doesn’t
bring any harm to people.

4. How does a researcher maintain the integrity of the research?

 A. The researcher fabricates and falsifies the data.
B. The researcher takes intellectual property of fellow researchers.
C. The researcher recognizes the owner of ideas he/she used in the
paper.
D. The researcher reads thoroughly related literature and puts them on
the paper.

5. Which of the following can be considered an ethical action?

A. Keeping the true purpose of the study to the respondent
B. Asking permission to record the interview from the respondent
C. Studying the respondents or research subjects without their
knowledge
D. Asking a respondent questions that cause him or her extreme
embarrassment

RECAP

In the previous module, you learned about the characteristics and

processes of research. Can you still recall them?

Complete the graphic organizer below. Fill in the missing processes of

research. Place your answer in your notebook.

Select a
general
problem

? ?

Analyze
and
?
present
data

Collect
data.
 LESSON

In life, you are always reminded to do what is right and proper by your
parents. In research writing, you are also expected to follow the acceptable
norms in doing research. You have to follow ethics which establishes the
integrity of the paper.

Read closely the conceptual information on research ethics.

I. DEFINITION OF ETHICS

Ethics is a system of moral principles. It consists of norms for conduct

that distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behavior.

Ethics generally is considered to deal with beliefs about what is right

or wrong, proper or improper, good or bad. To be ethical is to conform
to accepted professional practice.

II. ETHICS IN RESEARCH

The following are ethical standards in research. Read and understand each.
1. Keep the integrity of the research.
a. Make sure that the gathered data are accurate, correct and
validated.
b. Exercise intellectual honesty in reporting data, results, methods,
procedures and publication status.
c. Properly cite all sources of information.
d. No fabrication, falsification, misinterpretation of data and
plagiarism
e. Honor patents, copyrights and other forms of intellectual
property.
2. Respect the dignity of the research participants.
a. Respect for Persons
• Anonymity
Protect respondent’s identity by making it anonymous.
• Confidentiality
Handle gathered data and personal information of respondents
with confidentiality.
• Observe proper decorum in the conduct of the study.
• Exercise culture and gender sensitivity.

b. Informed consent
• Has full knowledge of the study.
• Recognize the right to withdraw.
• Get consent to record interview or to take pictures and videos

c. Beneficence (It is an action that is done for the benefit of others.)

• Maximize benefits of the study to the respondents
• Assure safety and no harm to the participants
• Strive to promote social good and prevent or mitigate social
harm.

d. Justice
• Exercise fairness in the selection process of participants.
• Show proper respect and care for animals when using them in
research.

3. Exercise responsibility and obligation to the research

community
a. Seek different perspectives.
b. Continuously seek opportunities for professional development.
Maintain and improve professional competence and expertise.
c. Take credit for work actually performed or substantially
contributed.
d. Do not take on a research if personal, financial, legal or other
interest if it might impair your judgment and objectivity as a
researcher.
III. UNETHICAL PRACTICES IN CONDUCTING RESEARCH
1. Deceiving a respondent about the true purpose of a study
2. Asking a respondent questions that cause him or her extreme
embarrassment; guilt emotional turmoil by remaining him or her of an
unpleasant experience
3. Invading the privacy of a respondent
4. Studying the respondents or research subjects without their knowledge
5. When analyzing the data—revealing only part of the facts, presenting
facts out of context, falsifying findings or offering misleading
presentation such as lying with statistics

ACTIVITIES

After what you have learned on research ethics, you are now ready to do
the following tasks. Write your answers in your notebook.

1. As a researcher, how will you observe ethics in your research? List down
the things that you would possibly do when you conduct your research.

What to do if I conduct research

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

2. What would you do in this situation?

You’re traveling in a third-world country. In a village you’re suddenly
surrounded by poor-looking children holding out their hands. They pull your
shirt and move their small hands to their mouth, indicating they’re asking
money to buy food.

The ethical question: Would you give money or presents to child beggars? Why
or why not?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Analyze the situation carefully and answer the questions that follow.

A researcher wanted to determine the possible effects of Favilavir, an

anti-viral drug, to COVID patients. An experimental procedure was conducted
to carry out the problem. Instead of using human beings as subjects, the
researcher used rabbits. The researcher injected the drug orally into 10
rabbit. After the treatment, condition of the rabbits was observed.

Guide Questions
1. What ethical considerations should be observed in the research?
2. Did the researcher commit any violations in the conduct of the study?
Explain your answer.
3. If you were the researcher, would you do the same? Why or why not?

WRAP – UP

To summarize, identify the key points that you have learned in today’s lesson.
Copy this organizer in your notebook. You may add more boxes if you wish
to.

Research Ethics
 VALUING

Ponder on these questions. Write your answers in your notebook.

1. What do you consider when you make decisions every day? Why?
2. How do you know you’re doing the right thing?
3. What do you think will happen when you violate rules and
regulations?

POSTTEST

Directions: Read the statements carefully. Write the letter of the best answer
in your notebook.

1. This term means the standards which identify what is acceptable and
unacceptable in conducting research?
A. Norms
B. Standards
C. Research ethics
D. Ethical considerations
2. What does anonymity mean in research writing?
A. The respondent’s identity is not revealed.
B. The respondents know who are being studied.
C. The respondents are fully aware that they are being studied.
D. The respondents do not allow the researcher to take photos and
videos.
3. How does a researcher observe justice in a research?
A. The researcher conducts a study which benefits the society.
B. The researcher protects personal information of respondents.
C. The researcher observes unbiased selection process of respondents.
D. The researcher gets the approval of the respondents before
proceeding to the study.
4. Which of these demonstrate integrity of the research?
A. The researcher uses correct and accurate information.
B. The researcher writes to the owner of ideas he/she used in the paper.
C. The researcher reads thoroughly related literature and puts them on
the paper.
D. The researcher submits the intellectual property of fellow
researchers.
 5. Which of the following can be considered unethical action?
A. Informing the respondents on the true purpose of the study.
B. Asking permission to record the interview from the respondent
C. Studying the respondents or research subjects with their knowledge
D. Asking a respondent questions that cause him or her extreme
embarrassment.

KEY TO CORRECTION

5. D 5. B
4. A 4. C
3. C 3. D
2. A 2. C
1. C 1. B
Posttest Pretest

References

American Psychological Association. 2010. Ethical principles of psychologists

and code of conduct.

Avilla, Ruel Atendido. 2016. Practical Research 1. Manila: DIWA Learning

Systems Inc.

The Belmont Report. 1979. Ethical principles and guidelines for the protection
of human subjects of research

Baraceros, Esther. 2017. Practical Research 1. Manila: Rex Bookstore.

Ethical considerations in conducting research. Lecture by Amelia Biglete.

May 2014.

Practical Research 1 Teacher's Guide. 2016. Manila: Department of Education