Vedant Bhardwaj

XIEIT181963

EXPERIMENT NO. 3

AIM: To assign IPv4 Address to the Router in Packet Tracer.

THEORY:

Packet Tracer is a cross-platform visual simulation tool designed by Cisco Systems that

allows users to create network topologies and imitate modern computer networks. The
software allows users to simulate the configuration of Cisco routers and switches using a
simulated command line interface. Packet Tracer makes use of a drag and drop user interface,
allowing users to add and remove simulated network devices as they see fit. The software is
mainly focused towards Certified Cisco Network Associate Academy students as an
educational tool for helping them learn fundamental CCNA concepts.

Packet Tracer allows users to create simulated network topologies by dragging and dropping
routers, switches and various other types of network devices. A physical connection between
devices is represented by a 'cable' item. Packet Tracer supports an array of simulated
Application Layer protocols, as well as basic routing with RIP, OSPF, EIGRP, BGP, to the
extents required by the current CCNA curriculum.

Some of the benefits of Packet Tracer are as follows:

 Provides a realistic simulation and visualization learning environment that

supplements classroom equipment, including the ability to see internal processes in
real-time that are normally hidden on real devices.
 Enables authoring and localization of structured learning activities such as labs,
demonstrations, quizzes, exams, and games.
 Empowers students to explore concepts, conduct experiments, and test their
understanding of network building.
 Allows students and teachers to design, build, configure, and troubleshoot complex
networks using virtual equipment.
 Supports a variety of teaching and learning opportunities such as lectures, group, and
individual labs, homework, games, and competitions.
 Supports feature expansion through external applications using an API to enhance the
functionality of Cisco Packet

Implementation:

1. Click on the router, power off the router.

Vedant Bhardwaj
XIEIT181963

2. . Add the ‘WIC-IT’ module to it and power it on again.

3. Now to connect two routers select ‘Serial DTE’ from ‘Connections section and click on the
router and select the Serial port.
Vedant Bhardwaj
XIEIT181963

4. Click on the other router to which it is to be connected and select the Serial port.

5. Click on the router and under the Config tab in the interface section select Serial0/0. Then
select a clock rate and assign an IP address. After this, tick the Port Status as ‘On’.
Vedant Bhardwaj
XIEIT181963

6. Now, select FastEthernet under Interface and assign IP address for the same. After this,
tick the Port Status as ‘On’.

7. Repeat above two steps for the second router.

8. Now click on the router and navigate to the CLI tab.

Vedant Bhardwaj
XIEIT181963

9. Enter exit in the command line.

11. Enter ‘ip route’ in the command line and press Enter. After this, enter ‘exit’ in the
command line to finish configuration.
Vedant Bhardwaj
XIEIT181963

12. Click on a PC and navigate to the command prompt. Ping to the other devices to check
the connectivity and the configurations of the network.

CONCLUSION:

To make the network complete, the router must be configured and assigned IP address.
Assigning IP address to the router and configuring it is essential so that it can communicate
with your network components.
Vedant Bhardwaj
XIEIT181963

POST LAB QUESTIONS:

1. What is IP addressing?

An IP address is a unique address that identifies a device on the internet or a local network.
IP stands for "Internet Protocol," which is the set of rules governing the format of data sent
via the internet or local network.

In essence, IP addresses are the identifier that allows information to be sent between devices
on a network: they contain location information and make devices accessible for
communication. The internet needs a way to differentiate between different computers,
routers, and websites. IP addresses provide a way of doing so and form an essential part of
how the internet works.

An IP address is a string of numbers separated by periods. IP addresses are expressed as a set

of four numbers — an example address might be 192.158.1.38. Each number in the set can
range from 0 to 255. So, the full IP addressing range goes from 0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255.

2. What are the different classes of IPV4 address?

Class A Address:
The first bit of the first octet is always set to 0 (zero). Thus the first octet ranges from 1 –
127, i.e. Class A addresses only include IP starting from 1.x.x.x to 126.x.x.x only. The IP
range 127.x.x.x is reserved for loopback IP addresses. The default subnet mask for Class A IP
address is 255.0.0.0 which implies that Class A addressing can have 126 networks (27-2) and
16777214 hosts (224-2).
Class A IP address format is thus: 0NNNNNNN.HHHHHHHH.HHHHHHHH.HHHHHHHH

Class B Address:
An IP address which belongs to class B has the first two bits in the first octet set to 10, i.e.
Class B IP Addresses range from 128.0.x.x to 191.255.x.x. The default subnet mask for Class
B is 255.255.x.x. Class B has 16384 (214) Network addresses and 65534 (216-2) Host
addresses.
Class B IP address format is: 10NNNNNN.NNNNNNNN.HHHHHHHH.HHHHHHHH
Vedant Bhardwaj
XIEIT181963

Class C Address:
The first octet of Class C IP address has its first 3 bits set to 110, that is − Class C IP
addresses range from 192.0.0.x to 223.255.255.x. The default subnet mask for Class C is
255.255.255.x. Class C gives 2097152 (221) Network addresses and 254 (28-2) Host
addresses.
Class C IP address format is: 110NNNNN.NNNNNNNN.NNNNNNNN.HHHHHHHH

Class D Address:
Very first four bits of the first octet in Class D IP addresses are set to 1110, giving a range of
− Class D has IP address range from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. Class D is reserved for
Multicasting. In multicasting data is not destined for a particular host, that is why there is no
need to extract host address from the IP address, and Class D does not have any subnet mask.

Class E Address:
This IP Class is reserved for experimental purposes only for R&D or Study. IP addresses in
this class ranges from 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.254. Like Class D, this class too is not
equipped with any subnet mask.