Department of Education

National Capital Region

SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE
MARIKINA CITY

SPA CREATIVE
WRITING
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Creative Writing and History

JOSEPH R. BOYLES
Teacher I
Sta. Elena High School
 What I Need to Know

CONTENT STANDARDS:

The learner demonstrates how literature re-interprets different notions and

interpretations of major events in the community

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS:

The learner should be able to compose short stories, poems and plays based on
his/her own interpretations of major events in the community; and trans-creates
literary works short story to poem or vice versa

LEARNING COMPETENCIES:

The learner should be able to describe the emergence and development of literary
practices in the Philippines. (SPA_CWLH9la-h-1)

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:

At the end of this module, the learner should be able to:

a. recognize the existence of oral traditions as part of the development of
Philippine literature;
b. acknowledge oral literature as part of the country's ethnic traditions
and history; and
c. distinguish various literary periods in the Philippines through a
graphic organizer.
 What I Know

PRE-ASSESSMENT

Matching Type: Identity what is being referred to in Column A. Select the letter of
the correct answer from Column B by writing the right response before the number.

Column A Column B

1. It is called tigmo in Cebuano, bugtong a. Folksong

in Tagalog, paktakon in Ilongo, and
patototdan in Bicol. b. Aphorism

2. It reveals subtle resemblances between c. Tanaga

two unlike objects.
d. Korido
3. It expresses norms or codes of behavior,
community beliefs, or instills values by e. Novel
offering nuggets of wisdom in short,
rhyming verse. f. Zarsuela

4. It is a musical tradition that has evolved g. Pasyon

through the process of oral transmission
that reflects people's everyday activities. h. Epic

5. It is a mono-rhyming heptasyllabic quatrain i. Free-verse

expressing insights and lessons in life.
j. Short story
6. It is a lengthy narrative poem based on oral
traditions that revolve around supernatural k. Riddle
events and heroic deeds.
l. Talinghaga
7. It is entrenched in the commemoration
of Christ's agony and resurrection at Calvary. m. Dalit

8. It has no fixed meter nor rhyme scheme, n. Awit

although a number are written in octosyllabic
quatrains and have a solemn tone and o. Ode
spiritual subject matter.
p. Essay
9. It is a popular secular poetry set in
dodecasyllabic quatrains. Sample notable
work is Francisco Balagtas' "Florante at Laura."
 10. It is a type of Philippine theater art, and performance
reflects the culture and different scenarios of life
in the Philippines which accompanied by music
played by an orchestra.

11. It is set in octosyllabic quatrains, which is spoken

in melodic expressions.

12. It is a written work in prose that states the

author's argument.

13. It is a fictitious prose narrative divided into

chapters and consists of several characters.

14. It is a poem that does not follow any strict meter

or a rhyme scheme.

15. It is a fictional prose narrative consists of

a single plot, limited characters and can be
read in one sitting.

What's In

The diversity and richness of Philippine literature evolved side by side with the
country's history. This can best be appreciated in the context of the country's pre-
colonial cultural traditions and the socio-political histories of its colonial and
contemporary traditions.

The average Filipino's unfamiliarity with his indigenous literature was largely
due to what has been impressed upon him: that his country was "discovered" and,
hence, Philippine "history" started only in 1521.

So successful were the efforts of colonialists to blot out the memory of the
country's largely oral past that present-day Filipino writers, artists, and journalists
are trying to correct this inequity by recognizing the country's wealth of ethnic
traditions and disseminating them in schools and the mass media.

The rousings of nationalistic pride in the 1960s and 1970s also helped bring
about this change of attitude among a new breed of Filipinos concerned about the
"Filipino identity."

- Christine F. Godinez-Ortega
 LET’S CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE ON SOME PRE-COLONIAL
PHILIPPINE LITERATURE IN ORAL TRADITIONS

ACTIVITY 1:

Instruction: Arrange the jumbled letters to identify what is being described in each
statement.

JUMBLED LETTERS ANSWER DESCRIPTION

It is called tigmo in Cebuano, bugtong in
➢ EDLDRI Tagalog, paktakon in Ilongo, and patototdan
in Bicol.
It expresses norms or codes of behavior,
community beliefs, or instills values by
➢ APRMOHSI
offering nuggets of wisdom in short, rhyming
verse
It reveals subtle resemblances between two
➢ TAGNILAAGH
unlike objects
It is a musical tradition that has evolved
➢ LOKF GONS through the process of oral transmission
that reflects people's everyday activities
It is a mono-rhyming heptasyllabic quatrain
➢ GANATA expressing insights and lessons in life.

It is a lengthy narrative poem based on oral

traditions that revolve around supernatural
➢ CPEI
events and heroic deeds.

What's New

While it is true that Spain subjugated the Philippines for more mundane reasons,
this former European power contributed much to the shaping and recording of our
literature. Religion and institutions that represented European civilization enriched
the languages in the lowlands. They introduced theater, which we would know
as komedya, the sinakulo, the sarswela, the playlets, and the drama. Spain also
brought to the country, though at a much later time, liberal ideas and an
internationalism that influenced our Filipino intellectuals and writers for them to
understand the meanings of "liberty and freedom."

Literature in this period may be classified as religious prose and poetry and
secular prose and poetry.

- Christine F. Godinez-Ortega
 -
LET’S CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE ON THE
SPANISH COLONIAL TRADITIONS

ACTIVITY 1: Word Search

Instruction: Locate the given words in the grid, running in one horizontal, vertical,
diagonal, either in progressive or reversed directions. Encircle each word.

P S K A B H V A

A D O D E J L F

S S R G A D E A

Y A I H R A T B

O J D M P L H L

N U O T U I J E

C L A W I T G S

V E S S A Y R D

O A Y D E M U K

Z A R S U E L A

Words to find:

• PASYON - It is entrenched in the commemoration of Christ's agony and

resurrection at Calvary.
• FABLES - it is about animals, and that teaches moral lessons.
• AWIT - It is a popular secular poetry set in dodecasyllabic quatrains. Sample
notable work is Francisco Balagtas' "Florante at Laura."
• DALIT - It has no fixed meter nor rhyme scheme, although a number are
written in octosyllabic quatrains and have a solemn tone and spiritual
subject matter.
• ZARSUELA - It is a type of Philippine theater art and performance
reflects the culture and different scenarios of life in the Philippines which
accompanied by music played by an orchestra.
• KORIDO - It is set in octosyllabic quatrains, which are spoken in a melodic
expression.
• ESSAY - It is a written work in prose that states the author's argument.
• NOVEL - It is a fictitious prose narrative divided into chapters and consists
of several characters.
• KUMEDYA – It dramatizes the conflict between Christians and Muslims,
which was expressed in choreographed stage battles.
 A new set of colonizers brought about new changes in Philippine literature. New
literary forms were introduced. American influence was deeply entrenched with the
firm establishment of English as the medium of instruction in all schools and with
literary modernism that highlighted the writer's individuality and cultivated
consciousness of craft, sometimes at the expense of social consciousness.

- Christine F. Godinez-Ortega

LET’S CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE ON THE EMERGENCE

OF PHILIPPINE LITERARY FORMS IN ENGLISH

ACTIVITY 2: Visual Representation

Instruction: Read each item carefully. After reading, create a sketch/drawing of
the things or objects that comes in your mind based on the definition. Put a label
below each drawing.

ITEM REPRESENTATION

Essay - it is a written work in prose

that states the author's argument or
perspective.

Novel - It is a fictitious prose narrative

divided into chapters and consists of
several characters.

Free-verse - it is a poem that does not

follow any strict meter or a rhyme
scheme.
 Short Story - it is a fictional prose
narrative consists of a single plot,
limited characters, and can be read in
one sitting.

What is It

LET’S DISCUSS THE TIMELINE OF

PHILIPPINE LITERATURE

TIMELINE OF PHILIPPINE LITERATURE

PRE- NATIONALISTIC JAPANESE CONTEMPORARY

COLONIAL / PROPAGANDA COLONIZATION / MODERN
PERIOD PERIOD PERIOD

Early times - 1565 1896 1960 Present

1564

SPANISH AMERICAN REPUBLIC

COLONIZATION COLONIZATION PERIOD
PERIOD

PERIOD DISCUSSION SAMPLE WORKS

Pre-Colonial Period The first of the Philippine Riddles

Early times - 1564
literary history is the Salawikain
longest. A long time before Tanaga
the Spaniards and other Folk Songs
foreigners landed on Folk Tales / Myths
Philippine shores; our Legends
forefathers already had Fables
their literature stamped in Epics
the history of our race; it is
oral in tradition.
Spanish Colonization Spanish occupied the Religious:
1565 - 1863 Philippines in early 15th Pasyon
century. The Spanish Senakulo
colonization period has two Panunuluyan
distinct calssifications---
religious and secular. Secular:
Awit
Korido
Prose Narratives
Kundiman

Nationalistic / Literary forms under this Political Essays

Propaganda Period period include propaganda Poetry
1864 – 1896 literature Revolutionary Literature
Novels
Satire

American Philippine literature in Tagalog Novels

Colonization Period English, as a direct result of Romantic Poetry
1901 - 1946 American colonization of Short Stories
the country, could not Poetry
escape being imitative of
American models of writing,
especially during its period
of apprenticeship.

Japanese Occupation The Japanese colonization Short Stories

1941 – 1960 did not stay long; however, Poetry
there are still literary works Novels
produced in this period.
Subjects were commonly
about war times

Republic Period A period that shows The revival of Canaculo

1960 - 1985 discrimination in skin color, and Zarzuela
social status, and other Novel
inequalities. Radio and Television –
plays and drama
Films
Comics
Romantic Poetry

Contemporary Period Filipino writers continue to Spoken Poetry

1986 - Present write poetry, short stories, Free-verse
novellas, novels and essays Onomatopeia
whether these are socially
committed, gender/ethnic
related or are personal in
intention or not.
 What's More

ACTIVITY 3: Chronological Sequencing

Instruction: Arrange the following literary periods based on the order of events
found in the box below. Write your answer inside the box.

Timeline

PRESENT

Series of Events:

• Nationalistic / Propaganda Period, 1864 – 1896

• Pre-Colonial Period, Early times – 1564
• Japanese Occupation, 1941 – 1960
• Contemporary Period, 1986 - Present
• Spanish Colonization, 1565 – 1863
• Republic Period, 1960 – 1985
• American Colonization Period, 1901 - 1946
 What I Have Learned

ACTIVITY 4: Processing
Instruction: Read all the items carefully. Respond to each item by writing on the
blank space provided.

1. Describe the literature in the pre-colonial period.

2. Why do you think most literary works during the Spanish colonization were
religious? What are its implications for Filipinos who were under colonial
rule?

3. Describe the literary works produced in the nationalistic / propaganda

period.

4. What is the direct result of the American colonization in Philippine

literature?

5. Say something about the literary practices in the modern-day.

 What I Can Do

ACTIVITY 3: Graphic Organizer

Instruction: Supply the boxes with the literary styles and genres that arose in
various literary periods in the Philippines.

PERIOD LITERARY GENRES

Pre-colonial period

Spanish colonial period

Nationalistic/Propaganda

American colonial period

Japanese colonial period

Republic period

Contemporary period
 Assessment

POST-ASSESSMENT

Multiple Choice: Read the following statements carefully and encircle the letter of
the correct answer.

1. It is called tigmo in Cebuano, bugtong in Tagalog, paktakon in Ilongo, and

patototdan in Bicol.
a. aphorism b. talinghaga c. riddle d. folk song

2. It reveals subtle resemblances between two unlike objects.

a. tanaga b. epic c. riddle d. talinghaga

3. It expresses norms or codes of behavior, community beliefs, or instills values

by offering nuggets of wisdom in short, rhyming verse
a. epic b. aphorishm c. riddle c. novel

4. It is a musical tradition that has evolved through the process of oral

transmission that reflects people's everyday activities.
a. epic b. awit c. folk song d. talinghaga

5. It is a mono-rhyming heptasyllabic quatrain expressing insights and lessons

in life.
a. tanaga b. zarzuela c. pasyon d. korido

6. It is a lengthy narrative poem based on oral traditions that revolve around

supernatural events and heroic deeds.
a. dalit b. epic c. novel d. short story

7. It is entrenched in the commemoration of Christ's agony and resurrection at

Calvary.
a. novel b. short story c. pasyon d. zarzuela

8. It has no fixed meter nor rhyme scheme, although a number are written in
octosyllabic quatrains and have a solemn tone and spiritual subject matter.
a. korido b. awit c. dalit d. zarzuela

9. It is a popular secular poetry set in dodecasyllabic quatrains. Sample notable

work is Francisco Balagtas' "Florante at Laura."
a. awit b. korido c. epic d. essay

10. It is a type of Philippine theater art, and performance reflects the culture and
different scenarios of life in the Philippines which accompanied by music
played by an orchestra.
a. Epic b. short story c. zarzuela d. essay
 11. It is set in octosyllabic quatrains, which is spoken in melodic expressions.
(Korido)
a. awit b. korido c. dalit d. tanaga

12. It is a written work in prose that states the author's argument.

a. essay b. short story c. novel d. free-verse

13. It is a fictitious prose narrative divided into chapters and consists of several
characters.
a. Short sotry b. free-verse c. novel d. epic

14. It is a poem that does not follow any strict meter or a rhyme scheme.
a. free-verse b. novel c. epic d. short story

15. It is a fictional prose narrative consists of a single plot, limited characters, and
can be read in one sitting
a. epic b. short story c.novel d. free-verse

Additional Activities

Direction: Write a two-paragraph reflective essay about the things that you have
learned from this module. Please be guided by the rubric below:
Reflective Essay Rubric

1 5 4 3 2

Ideas Presents ideas in an Presents ideas in Ideas are too Ideas are vague
original manner a consistent general or unclear
manner
Organization Strong and Organized Some No organization;
organized beg/mid/end organization; lack
beg/mid/end attempt at a beg/mid/end
beg/mid/end
Understanding Writing shows Writing shows a Writing shows Writing shows
strong clear adequate little
understanding understanding understanding understanding
Word Choice Sophisticated use of Nouns and verbs Needs more nouns Little or no use
nouns and verbs make essay and verbs of nouns and
make the essay very informative verbs
informative
Sentence Sentence structure Sentence Sentence No sense of
Structure enhances meaning; structure is structure is sentence
flows throughout evident; sentences limited; sentences structure or flow
the piece mostly flow need to flow
Mechanics Few (if any) errors Few errors Several errors Numerous errors

Answer Key

15.j 15.b
14.i 14.A
13.e 13.C
12.p 12.A
11.d 11.B
10.f 10.C
9. n 9. A
8. m 8. C
7. g 7. C
6. h 6. B
5. c 5. A
4. a 4. C
3. b 3. B
2. l 2. D
1. k 1. C

Pre- Assessment Post-Test

References:
Godinez-Ortega, C. F. (2015, April 14). The literary forms in philippine literature.
National Commission for Culture and the Arts. https://ncca.gov.ph/about-
ncca-3/subcommissions/subcommission-on-the-arts-sca/literary-arts/the-
literary-forms-in-philippine-literature/

Dela Cruz, A. O. (2019). Analyses and conservation strategies of indigenous Ilokano

folksongs in northwestern Cagayan Valley. Human Research in
Rehabilitation, 9(1), 116-122. https://doi.org/10.21554/hrr.041914

Hernandez, T. C. (1976). The emergence of modern drama in the Philippines

[Doctoral dissertation].
https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/15241/3/OP-
1.%20The%20Emergence%20of%20Modern%20Drama%20in%20the%20Phil
ippines%2C%20Hernandez.pdf

Mga Epiko Ng Pilipinas: Epics of the Philipppines. (2020, July 21). TAGALOG LANG.
Retrieved September 10, 2020, from https://www.tagaloglang.com/mga-
epiko-ng-pilipinas/#more-386

Notes on the emergent period (1935-1945). (n.d.). Miseducated Notes.

Retrieved September 10, 2020, from
https://linglithumanities.blogspot.com/2011/10/notes-on-emergent-period-
1935-1945.html

Philippine Zarsuela. (2013, October 11). The Stage and the Studio.
Retrieved September 10, 2020, from
https://thestageandthestudio.wordpress.com/2013/10/11/philippine-
zarsuela/

Timeline of Philippine literature. (n.d.). prezi.com. https://prezi.com/ss-2_x4lg-

6m/timeline-of-philippine-literature/