MISSIONARI DELLA FEDE COMMUNITY LEARNING CENTER- COMMUNITY HIGH SCHOOL, INC.

In affettuoso ricordo di Michael Angelo Loteria Evio

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

Name: Date:_____________
Grade/Strand: Teacher:Trixie SJ. Torres, LPT
Module: 1

Unit 1: Lesson 1.1 Characteristics of Quantitative Research

OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the topic, learners should be able to:
1.describe the characteristics of quantitative research
2.Identify the characteristics of quantitative research described in statements
3.Complete the Star Diagram in summarizing the characteristics of quantitative research

WHAT TO KNOW!

Quantitative Research is an objective, systematic, empirical investigation of the observable

phenomena through the use of computational techniques. It highlights numerical analysis of data hoping
that the numbers yield unbiased results that can be generalized to some larger population and explain
particular observation. Simple quantitative research is concerned with numbers and its relationship with
events.
Characteristics of Quantitative Research
1. Objective. Quantitative research seeks accurate measurement and analysis of target concepts. It is not
based on mere intuitions and guesses. Data are gathered before proposing a conclusion or solution to a problem.
2. Clearly defined Research Questions. In quantitative research, the researchers know in advance what they
are looking for. The research questions are well defined for which objective answers are sought. All aspects of
the study are carefully designed before data are gathered.
3. Structured Research Instruments. Data are normally gathered using structured research tools such as
questionnaires to collect measurable characteristics of the population such as age, socio-economic status,
number of children etc.
4. Numerical Data. Data are in the form of numbers and statistics, often organized and presented using
tables, charts, graphs and figures that consolidate large numbers of data to show trends, relationships or
differences among variables.
5. Large Sample sizes. To arrive at more reliable data analysis, a normal population distribution is preferred.
This requires a large number of population size, depending on how the characteristics of population vary.
Random sampling is recommended in determining the sample size to avoid researchers’ bias in interpreting the
results.
6. Replication. Reliable quantitative research can be repeated to verify and confirm the correctness of the
results in another setting.
7. Future Outcomes. By using complex mathematical calculations and with the aid of computers, if-then
scenarios may be formulated thus predicting future results.
 IS YOUR BRAIN FULL? LET’S CHECK!

Describe each of the characteristics of quantitative research on the spaceprovided below.

1. Objective. -

2. Clearly defined Research Questions. -

3. Structured Research Instruments. -

4. Numerical Data. -

5. Large Sample sizes. -

6. Replication. . -

7. Future Outcomes –

YOUR BRAIN NEEDS EXERCISES. DO THIS!

On the space provided before the number, identify the characteristics of quantitative research being described in
each of the following statement. Write your answer on the space provided before the number

1. In presenting the results in quantitative research, researchers commonly use

numbers and statistics.

2. Normally, the researcher uses structured research tools such as questionnaires to

collect measurable characteristics of the population.

3. In quantitative research, the researcher can predict future results through

complex mathematical calculations and with the aid of computers.

4. The researcher must not make the interpretation of the data with mere intuitions
and guesses.

5. Quantitative research requires a large number of population size, depending on

how the characteristics of population vary.

6. Conclusions and problem solution are proposed by the researcher after gathering
data.
 7. Reliable quantitative research can be repeated to verify and confirm the
correctness of the results in another setting.
8. The research questions are well defined and stated in advance for which objective
answers are sought.

9. All aspects of the study are carefully designed before data are gathered.

10. The researcher used pencil and paper testto determine the attributes of the
respondents of the study.

CAN YOU REMEMBER IT ALL? LET’S LOOK BACK.

Summarize the characteristics of quantitative research by completing the Star Diagram below.
CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

PARENTS’ SIGNATURE: ____________________________

DATE: _______________________
 Lesson 1.2 Strengths and Weaknesses of Quantitative Research
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the topic, learners should be able to:
1. explain the strengths and weaknesses of quantitative research.
2. classify situations in conducting study whether it is strength or weakness of quantitative research
3. complete the T-chart in summarizing the strengths and weaknesses of quantitative research

WHAT TO KNOW!

Conducting of quantitative research has both advantages and disadvantages to the researcher.
Strengths of Quantitative Research
• It is objective. Since it provides numerical data, it can’t be easily misinterpreted.
• The use of statistical techniques facilitates sophisticated analyses and allows you to comprehend a huge
amount of vital characteristics of data
• The numerical data can be analyzed in a quick and easy way. By employing the statistically valid
random models, findings can be generalized to the population about which information is necessary.
• Quantitative studies are replicable, standardized approaches allow the study to be replicated in different
areas or over time with the formulation of comprehensible findings

Weaknesses of Quantitative Research

• Quantitative research requires large number of respondents, it is assumed that the larger the sample is, the
more statistically accurate the findings are.
• It is costly. Since there are more respondents compared to qualitative research, the expenses will be greater
in reaching out to these people and in reproducing the questionnaires.
• The information contextual factors to help interpret the results or to explain variations are usually ignored.
It does not consider the distinct capacity of the respondents to share and elaborate further information
unlike the qualitative research.
• Information are difficult to gather using structured research instruments specifically sensitive issues
like pre-marital sex, domestic violence, among others.
• If not done seriously and correctly, data from questionnaires may be incomplete and inaccurate.
Researchers must look on respondents who are just guessing in answering the instrument.

IS YOUR BRAIN FULL? LET’S CHECK!

What are the strengths of the quantitative research? Cite and explain briefly.
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What are the weaknesses of the quantitative research? Cite and explain
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What are the possible solutions to overcome some of the quantitative research’s weaknesses?
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 YOUR BRAIN NEEDS EXERCISES. DO THIS!

Identify whether the following statement is a strength or weakness of a quantitative research.

Write YES if you consider the item as strength and NO if you consider it as a weakness.
______1. Using of questionnaire in collecting data.
______2. Gathering information using structured research instruments specifically on sensitive issues.
______3. Capacity of the respondents to share and elaborate further information.
______4. Objective in making conclusions and solution to problem.
______5. Using of large number of respondents on collecting data.
______6. Possibility to replicate reliable research paper.
______7. The expenses in reaching out people and in reproducing the questionnaires.
______8. Analyzing data using numbers and statistics.
______9. The use of statistical techniques in facilitating analyses and comprehension of huge amount Of vital
characteristics of data.
______10. Use of numerical data on making analysis and interpretation.

CAN YOU REMEMBER IT ALL? LET’S LOOK BACK.

Summarize the strengths and weaknesses of quantitative research by completing the T Chart below.
The Strengths and Weaknesses of Quantitative Research

PARENTS’ SIGNATURE: ____________________________

DATE: _______________________
 Lesson 1.3. Kinds of Quantitative Research

OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the topic, learners should be able to:
1. explain each of the kinds of quantitative research
2. classify the statements on kinds of quantitative research whether it is true or false
3. complete the Flower Diagram in summarizing the learning on the kinds of quantitative research

WHAT TO KNOW!

The kind of research is dependent on the researcher’s aim in conducting the study and the extent to
which the findings will be used. The following are the various kinds of quantitative research that a
researcher may employ.

Kinds of Quantitative Research

Descriptive Research. This design is concerned with describing the nature, characteristics and
components of the population or a phenomenon. This design attempts to find general attributes of the
presently existing situation and determine the frequency with which it occurs. Descriptive research is used
if, for example the research wants to know how many hours senior high school spend in social media, the
number of malnourished students who failed in the achievement test, and how healthy is the food served
during the recess in the public school.

Correlational Research. It is a systematic investigation of the nature of relationship, or associations

between among variables without necessarily investigating into causal reasons underlying them. It is also
concerned with the extent of relationships that exists between or among the variables. For example, if
pre-board examination results can be used to predict performance in the Licensure Examination for
Teachers (LET), then the higher the pre-board grade, the most likely be the score in the LET.
Correlational research is employed if you like to know, for example, if the following factors are related to
each other: sex and mathematical ability, marriage and cancer recovery, occupation and life span.

Evaluation Research. It aims to assess the effects and impacts or outcomes of practices, policies and
programs. Assessing of nursing care in a hospital and determining the impact of new treatment procedure
for patients are examples of evaluation research.

Survey Research. It is used to gather information from groups of people by selecting and studying
samples chosen from population.it may be done in various ways like face-to-face, phone, mail, and online.
A survey research may be cross- sectional if the information is collected from a sample in just single point
of time just like the child-rearing practices of single parents, and population practices of unmarried
couples. A survey research is considered longitudinal if the researcher collects information on the same
subjects over a period of time, sometimes lasting many years in order to study the changes through the
years. Longitudinal survey is utilized, for example, to determine the growth of rice yield in the country and
the rate of promotion of doctorate degree holders five years after earning the degree.

Causal Comparative Research. It is also known as ex post facto (after the fact) research. This kind
of research derives conclusion from observations and manifestation that already occurred in the past
and now compared to some dependent variables. It discusses why and how a phenomenon occurs.
For example, a researcher is interested in how weight influences stress coping level of adults. Here,
the subjects would be separated into different group (underweight, normal weight, over weight) and
their stress-coping levels measured. This is an ex post facto design because pre-existing
 characteristic (weight) was used to form the groups.

Experimental Research. This research utilizes scientific method to test cause- and-effect
relationships under conditions controlled by the researcher. In this case an effort is made to
determine and impose control over all other variables except one. An independent variable is
manipulated to determine the effects on the dependent variables. For instance, a teacher would like
to know if a new teaching strategy is effective or not so he/she teaches one section using the new
strategy and teaches another comparable section without the new strategy, then an achievement test
was given to the two sections. The manipulated independent variable is the new teaching strategy
which is being tested if it has an effect on the dependent variable which is the achievement of the
students. Notice that the sections are comparable with one another meaning all other variables are
controlled by the teacher.

IS YOUR BRAIN FULL? LET’S CHECK!

Answer the following questions briefly and comprehensively using your own words.

What is descriptive research?

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What is correlational research?

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What is evaluation research?

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What is survey research? When can we consider that a survey research is cross sectional? Longitudinal
survey?
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What is causal comparative research?

____________________________________________________________________________
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What is experimental research?

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YOUR BRAIN NEEDS EXERCISES. DO THIS!

True or False. Write True if the statement is correct, and False if it is incorrect
1. Experimental research attempts to find general attributes of the presently existing
situation and determine the frequency with which
it occurs.
 2. Survey research derives conclusion from observations and manifestation that already
occurred in the past and now compared
to some dependent variables.
3. Causal comparative research design is concerned in assessing the effects and impacts
or outcomes of practices, policies and programs.
4. Evaluation research is concerned with describing the nature,
characteristics and components of the population or a phenomenon.
5. Correlational research is concerned with the extent of relationships that exists between
or among the variables.
6. Survey research is used to gather information from groups of
people by selecting and studying samples chosen from population.
7. Experimental research manipulates an independent variable to determine the effects on
the dependent variables.
8. Descriptive research systematically investigates the nature of relationship, or
associations between among variables without necessarily investigating into causal
reasons underlying them.
9. Experimental research design used pre-existing characteristic to
form groups.
10. Descriptive research design utilizes scientific method to test cause-
and-effect relationships under conditions controlled by the researcher.

CAN YOU REMEMBER IT ALL? LET’S LOOK BACK.

Summarize the kinds of quantitative research by accomplishing the flower diagram below.

PARENTS’ SIGNATURE: ____________________________

DATE: _______________________