JESYL RIZ A.

CAMILE

Let’s Check

Activity 3

1. How species and communities evolve? Does evolution significantly influence

the structure of the future community and population structure?

Communities do not develop; instead, they change through time in composition,

variety, and organization. Local and regional factors impact the formation of local

communities, and both can alter their evolutionary patterns and processes. Natural

selection is the process through which new species emerge from old ones. Organisms

that acquire that advantageous new gene are more likely to reproduce than others in

the species. Climate or topography can frequently split a species' population into two

zones.

2. What is adaptation? How organisms adapt in a pressing environmental

situation?

Adaptation is the biological process through which organisms adjust to new or

changing surroundings. Natural selection produces these modifications over numerous

generations. These are modifications that occur over multiple generations as a result

of natural selection. Adaptation is the biological process through which species adjust

to new surroundings or changes in their current ones.

3. Are natural resource have effect on the species composition, structure, and

function.

Natural resources are essential for all living things.

They are valuable to organisms since they are used for survival.

We all know that each group has distinct demands than the next.

Allowing them to acquire unique qualities or characteristics. In another manner, these

resources are a component of organisms' environment and habitat, forcing them to

adapt and discover their purpose.

4. Why speciation happens? How speciation affects biological diversity.

Speciation occurs when two or more populations become genetically isolated to the

point that they no longer interact. The new species will be distinguished from its

ancestors by the needs of a different habitat or the features of the new group members.

Because speciation is the primary source of new species, disparities in speciation rates

are expected to influence large-scale biodiversity patterns.

5. What is ecological succession? Does succession happen in an urban

environment? If yes, how? If no, why?

Ecological succession refers to the process of a green ecosystem's species

composition evolving through time. Both primary and secondary successional

processes are essential in environmental processes in urban landscapes. The

continuance of linear urbanization, both secondary and primary succession processes

in urban ecosystems, is crucial.

6. Why organisms compete? Can competition favors or eliminate biological

species.

Organisms must compete for resources such as water, oxygen, and food in order to

live. They must survive. Organisms live in peaceful coexistence in regions where

these are sufficient. If one species outnumbers another, the population of the weaker

competitor will decrease. In certain cases, whole populations of a species may be

separated from its natural environment.

7. Differentiate primary succession and secondary succession. What are their

similarities and differences?

Primary succession is a population-building process that occurs in a nearly lifeless,

soilless environment. Secondary succession occurs after a disturbance that ruins a

community without destroying the land. The development of new species in an

environment is involved in both primary and secondary succession. Secondary

succession is started by an external force, whereas a natural element starts primary

succession.

8. What are biomes? Identify and discuss at 3 types of biomes and their

significant features. and How these biomes support biological communities.

A biome is a group of plants and animals that share environmental characteristics.

They can be found on several continents.

Taiga, Tundra, and Desert are the three types of biomes. Taiga is a boreal forest that

consists primarily of pines and larches, whereas Tundra is a treeless plain where tree

development is hampered by low temperatures and a short growing season. A desert is

a region with little to no precipitation and vegetation that is difficult due to its harsh
conditions. These biomes aid in diversifying biological populations, allowing them to

flourish in harmony with their surroundings. assisting them in surviving in an

environment where they are at ease with their inherent selvesThese biomes play a

vital role in controlling the planet's temperature. As it travels through these biomes,

warm air rises and gets cooled. As a result, weather and air currents emerge. The

global climate as we know it would change significantly if these biomes did not exist.

9. Differentiate marine ecosystems from terrestrial ecosystems?

Marine ecosystems are one of the world's largest aquatic ecosystems. Marine

organisms are submerged in water, which means they must deal with the medium's

osmotic pressure. In contrast, terrestrial species rely on water from precipitation or

humidity in the air and soil. Water is accessible but dependent on factors in the marine

ecosystem, and it is solely dependent on rainfall or natural groundwater in the

terrestrial ecosystem.

10. What is coral bleaching? How these phenomena affect biological diversity in

marine ecosystems?

Corals whitening happens when corals become translucent and lose their bright colors.

It may occur as a result of changes in light and temperature. It impacts biological

diversity because offspring reproduction moves downward in the marine ecosystem,

where many reef fish species rely on corals. This also presents a threat to other

animals that prey on them.

Let’s Analyze

1. How human disturbance affects ecosystems?

Human Disturbance affects the ecosystems due to the different activities that are

harmful to the environment. Deforestation and illicit logging may lead to a rise in the

global average temperature. The stability of the soil on the ground would be harmed

by mining. The release of hazardous gases into the atmosphere from the burning of

fossil fuels would impact ecosystems.

2. Identify physical and biological factors that are most important in shaping the

biotic community.

The abiotic components of the ecosystem, such as light, temperature, oxygen, water,

and soil, are physical variables in the community.

The relationship between plants, animals, and humans is an example of biological

factors. They may benefit, not be harmed, or be harmed as a result of ecosystem

interaction. Makers, or autotrophs, consumers, or heterotrophs, and decomposers.

3. Did population growth, development, and economic activity threaten

ecological communities

Yes, ecological communities were threatened by population increase, development,

and economic activity. People, like any other living thing, use their surroundings as a

source of wealth. Economic activities such as creating various industries would also

increase air pollution, posing a hazard to society.

4. What are the factors that limit ecosystem functionality?

A limiting factor is anything that restricts or inhibits the growth of a population; for

example, human involvement and droughts impact ecosystem functioning.

5. Develop a conceptual framework that depicts the relationship between

physical, chemical, and biological factors in shaping communities and

maintaining biological diversity. Discuss your framework comprehensively.

Physical
Factors

Chemical Biological
Factors Factors

As you can see in the image above, the three require each other to help and form a

community completely. Despite their differences, they work together to produce a

balanced ecosystem and overcome limiting conditions to preserve biodiversity.

IN A NUTSHELL

The approaches of environmental studies viewed as a very complicated process.

With the human population on many ecosystems that are widely dispersed

around the globe also have detrimental impacts on biological communities as

well about sustainability. Ecosystems and communities have evolved to keep

abreast of the changing activities within a specific geographical unit. The

physical, chemical and biological attributes of different communities will

determine how our ecosystems will be in the many years to come. In this part,

you require to draw conclusions, perspectives, and arguments about ecological

system functions and communities' patterns from the unit lesson. I will supply

the first two items, and you will continue the rest.

3. Natural selection helps in the shaping of biological communities by diversifying

species, allowing community species to acquire new characteristics that not only

assist to sustain natural resources but also create a diverse biome.

4. Symbiosis, predation, and competition are all ways that species interact. Human

disruptions frequently disrupt these natural adaptations, severely impacting evolution

and the total variety of life.

5. As geographical and temporal variability rises, more species are required to provide

a steady supply of ecosystem goods and services, which generally occurs as more

extended periods, and bigger regions are examined.

6. Competition is common in biome-rich regions, and it generates a cycle of life for

certain species. As competition increases, natural resources that may provide food

become scarce. It aids in their survival, and as a result of predator assaults on one
organism, it aids in their survival. It moves around because it decomposes faster,

increasing competition to maintain its genes and organisms, making it more diverse.

7. For a species to thrive, its environment must be able to provide its basic needs.

Healthy ecosystems enable species to persist, and their preservation can only be done

by refocusing human activities toward long-term sustainability.

8. Many debates have arisen around endangered species conservation. To address

these issues, we must first comprehend the relevance and worth of biodiversity in our

world and its roles and habitat architecture.

9. Some ecological properties are initially unaffected by the absence of species.

10. Predation and competition can limit the environment since they put communities

to the test and endanger population growth.