GASES AND KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY UNIT OF UNITS OF

PRESSURE VOLUME
BOYLE’S LAW atm L (liter)
 Boyle’s law was put forward by the Anglo- torr mL
Irish chemist Robert Boyle in the year mmHg cm3
1662. N/m 2 dm 3
 When a gas is under pressure it takes up
less space The pressure v/s volume curve for a fixed amount
of gas kept at constant temperature is illustrated
 The higher the pressure the smaller the below.
volume
 Boyle’s law is a gas law which states that
the pressure exerted by a gas (of a given
mass, kept at a constant temperature) is
inversely proportional to the volume
occupied by it.
 The pressure and volume of a gas are
inversely proportional to each other as
long as the temperature and the quantity
of gas are kept constant. It can be observed that a straight line is obtained
when the pressure exerted by the gas (P) is taken
 For a gas, the relationship between volume on the Y-axis and the inverse of the volume
and pressure (at constant mass and occupied by the gas (1/V) is taken on the X-axis.
temperature) can be expressed
mathematically as follows. 1. Write the given and the unknown.

 P ∝ (1/V) P1=3 atm

 Where P is the pressure exerted by the gas V1=2 cm3

and V is the volume occupied by it. This
V = 1 cm3
proportionality can be converted into an
equation by adding a constant, k. P2=?

 P = k*(1/V) -> PV = k 2. The formula needed to solve the problem

 This law can be expressed mathematically P1V1=P2V2

as follows:
P1 V 1
 P1V1 = P2V2 P 2=
V2
Where: 3. Substitute the given value and do the
 P1 is the initial pressure exerted by operation
the gas
(3 atm)(2 c m3 )
P 2=
 V1 is the initial volume occupied by 1 c m3
the gas
P2= 6 atm
 P2 is the final pressure exerted by the
gas Thus, P2 increases when the volume V2 is reduced
by half.
 V2 is the final volume occupied by the
gas
CHARLES LAW
 French Chemist Jacques Charles
discovered that the volume of a gas at
constant pressure changes with
temperature.
 As the temperature of the gas increases, so
does its volume, and as its temperature
decreases, so does its volume.
 The law says that at constant pressure the
volume of a fixed number of particles of
gas is directly proportional to the absolute
(kelvin) temperature, mathematically
expressed as:
V=kT
Where:
 V= volume
 k=Charles’ Law constant of Proportionality
 T= Temperature in Kelvin
Explanation
 Raising the temperature of a gas causes the
gas to fill a greater volume as long as
pressure remains constant.
 Gases expand at a constant rate as
temperature increases, and the rate of
expansion is similar for all gases.
 This law describes how a gas expands as
the temperature increases; conversely, a
decrease in temperature will lead to a
decrease in volume. For comparing the
same substance under two different sets of
conditions, the law can be written as:
V1 V2
= ∨V 1 T 2=V 2 T 1
T 1 T2
Where:
V1- initial volume

T 1 - initial temperature in Kelvin scale

V 2 - final volume

T2-final temperature
Note: (to convert 0C to 0K)
0
K = 0C t + 273