IONIC COMPOUND
 Most of the elements, except the noble
gases, are found in nature combined as
compounds.
 Compounds formed when electrons are
transferred or shared between atoms to
give stable electron configurations to the
atoms.
THE OCTET RULE
“In the formation of either an ionic bond or a
covalent bond, atoms lose, gain, or share valence
electrons to acquire an octet of eight valence
electrons.”
IONIC BONDS
Ionic bonds occur when the valence electrons of
atoms of a metal are transferred to atoms of
nonmetals.
COVALENT BONDS
Covalent bonds form when atoms of nonmetals
share valence electrons.
POSITIVE IONS: LOSS OF ELECTRONS
Metal Ions that tend to lose electrons easily gains
a positive charge.
NEGATIVE IONS: GAIN OF ELECTRONS
In an ionic compound, a nonmetal atom gains one
or more valence electrons to obtain a stable
electron configuration.
IONIC CHARGES FROM GROUP NUMBERS
We can use the group numbers in the periodic
table to determine the charges for the ions of the
representative elements.
IONIC COMPOUNDS
In an ionic compound, one or more electrons are
transferred from metals to nonmetals, which
form positive and negative ions. The attraction
between these ions is called an ionic bond.
CHEMICAL FORMULAS OF IONIC COMPOUNDS
The chemical formula of a compound represents
the symbols and subscripts in the lowest whole-
number ratio of the atoms or ions.
CHEMICAL FORMULAS OF IONIC COMPOUNDS
In the formula of an ionic compound, the sum of
the ionic charges in the formula is always zero.
Thus, the total amount of positive charge is equal
to the total amount of negative charge.
SUBSCRIPTS IN FORMULAS
MgCl 2
The subscript 2 shows that two Cl- ions are
needed for charge balance.
NAMING AND WRITING IONIC FORMULAS POLYATOMIC IONS
Given: Mg3N2 Need: Name Connect: Cation, A polyatomic ion is a group of covalently bonded
Anion atoms that has an overall ionic charge. Most
polyatomic ions consist of a nonmetal such as
Step 1. Identify the cation and anion. The cation
phosphorus, sulfur, carbon, or nitrogen
is Mg 3+¿¿ and the anion is N 3−¿¿ . covalently bonded to oxygen atoms.
Step 2. Name the cation by its element name. The NAMES OF POLYATOMIC IONS
cation Mg 3+¿¿ is magnesium.
FORMULA CHARGE NAME
Step 3. Name the anion by using the first syllable SO 42−¿
¿
2- Sulfate
of its element name followed by ide. The anion SO32−¿ 2- sulfite
¿
N 3−¿¿ is nitride. P O4 3−¿ 3- Phosphate
¿
Step 4. Write the name for the cation first and the PO 33 −¿
¿
3- phosphite
name of the anion second. Magnesium nitride.
METALS WITH VARIABLE CHARGE

NAMING IONIC COMPOUNDS WITH

POLYATOMIC IONS

NAMING IONIC COMPOUNDS WITH VARIABLE

CHARGE IONS
Step 1. Determine the charge of the cation and
anion.
Step 2. Name the cation by its element name, and
use a Roman numeral in parenthesis for the
charge.
Step 3. Name the anion by using the first syllable
of its element name followed by ide.
Step 4. Write the name for the cation first and the
name of the anion second.
CHEMICAL REACTION BALANCING CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
• Always involve chemical change • Every chemical reaction must be written
as a balanced equation, which shows the
• Chemical equation
same number of atoms for each element
• Reactants in the reactants as well as in the products.
• To balance the equation, we add
• Products COEFFICIENTS in front of the formulas.
TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTION
1. COMBINATION REACTION
- Two or more elements or
compounds bond to form one
product.

2. DECOMPOSITION REACTION
- A reactant splits into two or more
simpler products.

3. SINGLE REPLACEMENT REACTIONS

- Elements in a compound are
replaced by other elements. In a
single replacement reaction, a
reacting element switches places
with an element in the other reacting
compound.

4. DOUBLE REPLACEMENT REACTION

- In a double replacement reaction, the
positive ions in the reacting
compounds switch places.