SOME WAYS TO EXPLAIN IDEAS

1. There are seven ways usually used to explain ideas

1. Reasons/causes
Aim: clarify the causes of a problem
Eg:
- Many people cannot spend as much time with other family members as they
did in the past because they have other things to take care apart from family.
- Most people are gaining access to tertiary education remotely thanks to the
easy availability of the Internet.
Structures:
…because/since/as +
(S+V).
This is because + (S+V).
…due to/thanks to/owing
to + N/NP, (S +V)
This stems from + N/NP.

2. Facts
Aim: clarify the problem with a situation that many people have experienced or a
common situation / to explain, give an example to illustrate a thing stated in the
previous sentence
Eg:
The Internet allows more convenience for learners. In fact, with a device connected
to the Internet, a person can attend virtual classes and learn remotely instead of
having to travel a long way to school.

Structures:
In fact, (S+V).
As a matter of fact, S+V.
 1. Examples
Aim: help the reader visualize and/or prove an argument with a specific case.
Eg:
- Many people cannot spend as much time with other family members as they
did in the past because they have other things to take care of apart from
family, such as their career and their social relationship.
- One solution to air pollution is filtering the air to remove pollutants.
Singapore, for example, has successfully develop an industrial air purifier
system which take in smokes and toxic fumes from factories and release
filtered, fresh air into the atmosphere.
Structures:
Such as/like + N/NP
For example/For
instance, (S+V)

2. Results
Aim: prove the argument is correct by giving effect/consequence
Eg:
- People nowadays have many things to take care of apart from family, such
as their career and their social relationships. As a consequence, they tend to
neglect other family members, which eventually weaken the family ties.
- One solution to air pollution is filtering the air to remove pollutants.
Singapore, for example, has successfully develop an industrial air purifier
system which take in smokes and toxic fumes from factories and release
filtered, fresh air into the atmosphere. Thanks to this process, Singaporeans
can enjoy clean air while still being able to carry out industrial activities.
Structures:
As a result/Therefore/Hence, (S+V)
As a consequence, (S+V) (thường nói về hậu quả)
Eventually, (S+V) (nói về kết quả xảy ra sau một khoảng thời gian, không phải
kết quả tức thì)
This results in/leads to +N/NP
…which results in/leads to + N/NP
Thanks to this…, (S+V)

3. Comparisons
Aim: compare two objects to see similarities or differences
Eg:
- Cycling is beneficial to our health. Compared with users of other forms of
transports, cyclists are less prone to various cancers.
- Learners of offline classrooms are better supported. Upon attending class,
learners can receive immediate responses from teachers when they encounter
learning difficulties, while it takes them much longer time and more effort to
seek help on an online platform.

Structures:
While (S+V), (S+V). or (S+V), while
(S+V).
Compared to + N, (S+V).
 4. Hypothesis
Aim: make assumptions to show the importance of the object or solution.
Eg:
- Parental guidance is key to the development of a child. Without such
guidance, children will not be able to tell right from wrong or have basic
manners.
- Job satisfaction is an important factor in job choosing. If an employee is
unsatisfied with their working condition, perks, and other elements of career
fulfilment, they will lose interest in their work and eventually perform task
less efficiently.
Structures:
If (S+V), (S+V).
Unless (S+V), (S+V).
With/Without + N/NP,
(S+V).

5. Citations
Aim: provide a source of information to increase the credibility of the idea
Eg:
- As for personal life, students of single sex schools might feel hard to have a
serious date with someone, and be clumsy at building a romantic
relationship. According to some studies, schoolgirls graduating from single-
gender schools often claim that they do not know how to start a conversation
with a man, which means they often live a single life for so long before
finding their Mr./Ms. Right.
Structures:
According to
- some studies
- a recent survey/
report/study