CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 INTRODUCTION

The literature review deals with different work done previously by eminent
Engineers in the same field. The major areas concentrated by various scientists and
its reasons are analysed. This chapter deals with review of those papers and the
existing methods. The following are the few papers which deals them.

2.2 DETAILS OF THE LITERATURES

1) R. Panday, B. Rachmat have published a journal on “Hazard Identification,
Risk Assessment and Risk Control in Chemical Industry (2020)”. The study
found that Company XYZ identified 104 hazards in the year 2017, which were
caused by poor working environment, worker attitudes, manual work, tools and
machinery. This study revealed 57% of the total risks fall in medium category, 38%
high, 5% low, and none of them are categorized under extreme risk. To control the
risk, the company has been taking proactive actions through the elimination of risks,
engineering, administration and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).

2) R.Pawin vivid, N. Selvakumar, M. Ruvankumar have published a journal on

“Determination of hazard in truck manufacturing industry using hazard
identification risk assessment technique (2020)”. This study is to identify the
potential risk in assembling process at the industry by using hazard identification
Risk Assessment (HIRA). The appropriate risk controls are providing engineering
controls, administrative controls and personal protective equipment. This HIRA
study may help to employer be more proactive in ensuring the safety and health of
workers. The hazard has been identified and evaluated, then possible control
measures will be recommended for safe execution of activities.

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3) Sri Indrawati, Atyanti Dyah Prabaswari and M. Abdul Fitriyanto have published
a journal on “Risk control analysis of a furniture production activities using
hazard identification and risk assessment method (2018)”. This study is to
identify hazards and determine risk control using hazard identification and risk
assessment method (HIRA). There are three main stages, i.e. identify and analyze
hazards, classify hazards and risk control. The result shows that there are nine
potential hazards in furniture production, 22% of it is categorized as high risk level,
i.e. hand slashed and fingers cut by machine. Three types of risk control activities
are determined to minimize the risk, i.e. administration and engineering control and
personal protective equipment.

4) Bambang Suhardi, Pringgo Widyo Laksono, Andhika Ayu V.E, Jafri

Mohd.Rohani,Tan Shy Ching have published a journal on “Analysis of the
Potential Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) and Hazard
Operability Study (HAZOP): Case Study (2018)”. This study is to identify
HIRA and HAZOP to perform risk identification and assessment in the workplace.
There are 17 findings of potential hazards in the production areas of batik printing
which can be categorized into five types of hazards including: workers attitude,
work posture, work procedure, workstation, and physical work environment. Of
the risk assessment, the obtained value of 34% in the category of extreme hazard,
24% hazard in the high and medium category respectively, and 18% lower hazard
category. Proposed improvements are made based HAZOP analysis worksheet.
The proposed practical solutions include improvements in work attitude, work
posture, and physical work environment.

5) R. Sathishkumar, S. Kamalakannan, S. Sureshbalaji have published a journal on

“Risk Assessment in paint shop using HIRA for Automobile Industry (2017)”.
This study is to identify the hazards, then risk can be accessed from the hazards and
then to analyze the severity rating for the hazards. Paint shop focus on the other
chemicals and mechanical operation followed in it, when the tool which assists

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users in categorizing hazard and estimating risk involved in each identified hazard.
This risk assessment tool will identify possible hazard involved in each task in
departments. Initially the hazard has been identified after risks involved will be
estimated and categorized. If the estimated risk falls in a category, which is higher
than the low risk category, then possible control measures will be recommended.
At the same time, the manipulator can add new work plan, task, and control
measures into the system to update existing information system.

6) R. Ramesh , Dr.M. Prabu, S.Magibalan, P. Senthilkumar have published a

journal on “Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment in
Automotive Industry (2017)”. Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment or
HIRA system can act as a risk assessment tool which assist users
in identifying hazard and estimating risk involved in each identified hazard. This
risk assessment tool will identify possible hazard involved in each task in
departments. Once the hazard has been identified, risks involved will be estimated
and categorized. If the estimated risk falls in a category, which is higher than the
low risk category, then possible control measures will be recommended. At the
same time, the user can add new work plan, task, and control measures into the
system to update existing information system.

7) Selvanagaraj K, Prasanna S.P have published a journal on “Hazard

Identification and Risk Assessment by Qualitative and Quantitative methods
(2017)”. This study is to identify the hazards and risks, that can be assessed by
quantitative and qualitative method to determine whether the identified risks are
significant or non significant. The Qualitative risk assessments can be performed
by checking the identified risks with Legislative Concern, Interested Party
Concern, Business concern and Potential Emergency Concerns. The Quantitative
risk assessment can be performed using Risk Priority Number (RPN) which is
obtained by the product of Frequency and duration of exposure to the hazard,
Severity of harm and Number of people that could be affected. After the
Identification of Hazards and assessment of Risks the Risk based control plan have

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to be made as per the values of Risk Priority Number. The Risk Control measures
have to be in following hierarchy Elimination/Substitution, Engineering Controls,
Administrative Controls, and Personal Protective Equipments. This method is
applicable to all Industries to in order to reduce the hazard and Risks which makes
the workplace as a safe working environment.

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