Secant Method

EXERCISE 4. Solve the following problems using Secant method and show the graph of
a function.

1.) Find a root of a function f(x) = cos(x) + 2 sin(x) + x2. Use x0 = 0 ,x1 = 0.1 as initial
approximations. Perform a maximum 100 number of iterations.

ANSWER:
Step x0 x1 x2 f(x2)

1 0.000000 1.000000 -0.449793 0.233292

2 1.000000 -0.449793 -0.562914 0.095270

3 -0.449793 -0.562914 -0.640996 0.016388

4 -0.562914 -0.640996 -0.657218 0.001797

5 -0.640996 -0.657218 -0.659216 0.000044

6 -0.657218 -0.659216 -0.659266 0.000000

Root is at -0.659266 (After 6 iterations)

GRAPH:

2.) Find a root of a function f(x) = x4 −5. Choose x0 = 1 and x1

= 2 as initial approximations.
ANSWER:

Updat
n x0 ( )
f x0 x1 ( )
f x1 x2 ( )
f x2 e
-
1.266666666 x0=x1
1 1 -4 2 11 2.425758024
7 x1=x2
7
- -
1.266666666 1.399164899 x0=x1
2 2 11 2.425758024 1.167557860
7 9 x1=x2
7 6
- -
1.266666666 1.399164899 1.522117795 0.367759559 x0=x1
3 2.425758024 1.167557860
7 9 7 7 x1=x2
7 6
- -
1.399164899 1.522117795 0.367759559 x0=x1
4 1.167557860 1.49266649 0.035778714
9 7 7 x1=x2
6 1
- -
1.522117795 0.367759559 1.495277716 x0=x1
5 1.49266649 0.035778714 0.000950409
7 7 5 x1=x2
1 2
- -
1.495277716 1.495348972 0.000002561 x0=x1
6 1.49266649 0.035778714 0.000950409
5 7 3 x1=x2
1 2

Approximate root of the equation x4-5=0 using Secant Method is 1.4953489727 (After 6 Iterations)

GRAPH:

3.) Locate the first positive root of f(x) = sin x + cos (1 + x2) − 1 where x is in radians.
Use four iterations of the secant method with initial guesses of
(a) xi−1 = 1.0 and xi = 3.0;

ANSWER:

Updat
n x0 ( )
f x0 x1 ( )
f x1 x2 ( )
f x2 e
- -
0.192959612 1.748631191 x0=x1
1 1 0.574675851 2 0.624674791
3 1 x1=x2
7 4
- -
0.192959612 1.748631191 1.940677608 x0=x1
2 2 0.624674791 0.013815138
3 1 8 x1=x2
4 1
- -
1.748631191 1.940677608 1.945020910 0.001449790 x0=x1
3 0.624674791 0.013815138
1 8 6 5 x1=x2
4 1
- -
1.940677608 1.945020910 0.001449790 1.944608404 x0=x1
4 0.013815138 0.000000072
8 6 5 4 x1=x2
1 8

( )
Approximate root of the equation sin(x)+cos 1+x2 -1=0 using Secant Method is 1.9446084044
(After 4 iterations)

(b) xi−1 = 1.5 and xi = 2.5; and

ANSWER:

Updat
n x0 ( )
f x0 x1 ( )
f x1 x2 ( )
f x2 e
-
0.166396317 0.669842314 x0=x1
1 1.5 0.996634689 2.5 2.356928735
4 3 x1=x2
5
-
0.166396317 0.669842314 2.547287160 x0=x1
2 2.5 2.356928735 0.082827907
4 3 4 x1=x2
4
-
0.669842314 2.547287160 2.526339088 0.031471092 x0=x1
3 2.356928735 0.082827907
3 4 4 6 x1=x2
4
-
2.547287160 2.526339088 0.031471092 2.532106931 0.000570066 x0=x1
4 0.082827907
4 4 6 6 4 x1=x2
4
-
2.526339088 0.031471092 2.532106931 0.000570066 2.532213337 x0=x1
5 0.000004236
4 6 6 4 6 x1=x2
8

( )
Approximate root of the equation sin(x)+cos 1+x2 -1=0 using Secant Method is 2.5322133376 (After 5
iterations)

(c) xi−1 = 1.5 and xi = 2.25 to locate the root.

ANSWER:

( )
Approximate root of the equation sin(x)+cos 1+x2 -1=0 using Secant Method 1.9446044579 (After 3
iterations)

Updat
n x0 ( )
f x0 x1 ( )
f x1 x2 ( )
f x2 e
- -
0.753820862 1.927017993 x0=x1
1 1.5 0.996634689 2.25 0.061769484
7 2 x1=x2
5 7
-
0.753820862 1.927017993 1.951479332 0.024146834 x0=x1
2 2.25 0.061769484
7 2 4 4 x1=x2
7
- -
1.927017993 1.951479332 0.024146834 1.944604457 x0=x1
3 0.061769484 0.000013943
2 4 4 9 x1=x2
7 7

4.) Determine the root of f(x) = x4.5 −80 using initial approximations x0 = 0 and x1 = 1 up to six
decimal places.
ANSWER:

Step x0 x1 x2 f(x2)

1 1.000000 3.000000 2.134274 -49.687202

2 3.000000 2.134274 2.525383 -15.364217

3 2.134274 2.525383 2.700458 7.391375

4 2.525383 2.700458 2.643591 -0.590160

5 2.700458 2.643591 2.647796 -0.020199

6 2.643591 2.647796 2.647945 0.000058

7 2.647796 2.647945 2.647945 -0.000000

Root is : 2.647945

GRAPH:

5.) Find the root of a function f(x) = −2x6 − 1.5x4

+ 10x + 2 using initial approximations x0 = 0.5 and x1 = 1.5 up to six decimal places.
ANSWER:

n x0 ( )
f x0 x1 ( )
f x1 x2 ( )
f x2 Update

x0=x1
1 0.5 6.875 1.5 -13.375 0.839506 8.949888
x1=x2
x0=x1
2 1.5 -13.375 0.839506 8.949888 1.104293 7.185385
x1=x2
x0=x1
3 0.839506 8.949888 1.104293 7.185385 2.182556 -226.395103
x1=x2
x0=x1
4 1.104293 7.185385 2.182556 -226.395103 1.137463 6.532017
x1=x2
x0=x1
5 2.182556 -226.395103 1.137463 6.532017 1.166771 5.841831
x1=x2
x0=x1
6 1.137463 6.532017 1.166771 5.841831 1.414836 -5.904488
x1=x2
x0=x1
7 1.166771 5.841831 1.414836 -5.904488 1.290142 1.523132
x1=x2
x0=x1
8 1.414836 -5.904488 1.290142 1.523132 1.315712 0.286917
x1=x2
x0=x1
9 1.290142 1.523132 1.315712 0.286917 1.321646 -0.019364
x1=x2
x0=x1
10 1.315712 0.286917 1.321646 -0.019364 1.321271 0.000222
x1=x2

Approximate root of the equation -2x6-1.5x4+10x+2=0 using Secant Method is 1.321271(After 10

iterations)

GRAPH: