MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

- Refers to the conceptual model used to explain the human communication process

LINEAR COMMUNICATION

- It is one-way communication wherein the active speaker sends message to the passive receiver.

ARISTOTLE MODEL

- Also known as “Speaker-centered Model”

- It is considered as the first communication model that mainly focus on the speaker and speech
- Occasion is one of the important elements of it.

DISADVANTAGE OF ARISTOTLE MODEL

- There is no concept of feedback

- There is no concept of communication failure
- Can only be used in public speaking

SHANNON-WEAVER MODEL

- Also known as “Telephone Model”

 - Known as the “Mother of all communication”
- It has Five elements the source, transmitter, channel, receiver, and destination.

CLAUDE ELWOOD SHANNON

- He was an American mathematician, electrical engineering, cryptographer

- Also known as “the father of information theory”
- He writes an article in “Bell System Technical Journal” called “A Mathematical Theory of
Communication”

WARREN WEAVER

- He was an American scientist, mathematician, and science administrator

- Recognize as one of the pioneers of machine translation, as a important figure in creating
support for science in United States.
- He writes an article in “Bell System Technical Journal” called “A Mathematical Theory of
Communication”

LEVELS COMMUNCATION PROBLEM OF SHANNON-WEAVER MODEL

- Technical Problem
- Semantic Problem – if the meaning sent and received different?
- Effectiveness Problem – how effectiveness does the message cause reaction?

DISADVATGE OF SHANNON-WEAVER MODEL

- It is more effective in person-to-person communication

- It has missing essential element which is feedback

DAVID BERLOS MODEL

- Also known as S-M-C-R Model

- This will be only effective if the source and receiver is on the same level to properly execute this
communication.
DAVID KENNETH BERLO

- He was an American communication theorist.

- He taught at Michigan state university
- President of Illinois State University

DISADVANTAGE OF DAVID BERLO’S MODEL

- No feedback
- No room for noise
- Do not mention barriers of communication
- Need to be on the same level of communication

HAROLD LASSWELL’S MODEL

- It is composed of five analysis tools for evaluating the entire communication

- It was developed by analyze mass communication.

DISADVANTAGE OF LASSWELL MODEL

- No feedback and ignores possibilities of noises

- Very general and includes only very traditional topics
- Very propaganda, more focused on the result or outcome

INTERACTIVE MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

- It is a two-way communication wherein there will be a feature the element of feedback

- Mostly used by new media like internet

WILLBUR SCHRAMM’S MODEL

- It shows how meaning is transferred from one person or group to another.

- Field of Experience is added – it is based of beliefs, values, experiences, and learning meaning
- Message can be complicated by different meaning learned by different people
- It is used in both Intrapersonal and Interpersonal communication
- Never-ending process
- Each person is sender and receiver
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WILBUR SCHRAMM

- He was a scholar and “authority on mass communications”

- He founded Iowa Writers Workshop and first director until 1941
- He is the “Father of Mass communication”

DISADVANTAGE OF SCHRAMM MODEL

- Does not talk about semantic noise and it assume the moment of encoding and decoding

TRANSACTIONAL MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

- It uses term PARTICIPANTS to refer to the sender and receiver

- It includes noises and environment on its elements

- Continues changing and transformation where every component is changing

- It is not possible if the receiver Is not listening

DISADVANTAGE OF TRANSACTIONAL MODEL

- Without verbal response, the sender can not be sure if the receiver got the message
- A lot of noises because of the simultaneous exchange of communication.
FUNCTION OF COMMUNICATION

- Refer to how people use language for different purposes

- How language is affected by different time, place and situation used to control the behavior of
the people

REGULATION/CONTROL

- To control one’s behavior

SOCIAL INTERACTION

- Produce social relationship, develop bonds, intimacy, relations.

- To express desires, preferences, needs, wants, decisions, goals, and strength

MOTIVATION

- To motivate or encourage people

EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION

- Communication facilitates people expressions of their feeling and emotion

INFORMATION DISSEMINATION

- To convey information

ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION

Sender: The sender or the communicator is the person who initiates the conversation and has
conceptualized the idea that he intends to convey it to others.

Encoding: The sender begins with the encoding process wherein he uses certain words or non-verbal
methods such as symbols, signs, body gestures, etc. to translate the information into a message. The
sender’s knowledge, skills, perception, background, competencies, etc. has a great impact on the
success of the message.

Message: Once the encoding is finished, the sender gets the message that he intends to convey. The
message can be written, oral, symbolic or non-verbal such as body gestures, silence, sighs, sounds, etc.
or any other signal that triggers the response of a receiver.

Communication Channel: The Sender chooses the medium through which he wants to convey his
message to the recipient. It must be selected carefully in order to make the message effective and
correctly interpreted by the recipient. The choice of medium depends on the interpersonal relationships
between the sender and the receiver and also on the urgency of the message being sent. Oral, virtual,
written, sound, gesture, etc. are some of the commonly used communication mediums.

Receiver: The receiver is the person for whom the message is intended or targeted. He tries to
comprehend it in the best possible manner such that the communication objective is attained. The
degree to which the receiver decodes the message depends on his knowledge of the subject matter,
experience, trust and relationship with the sender.
Decoding: Here, the receiver interprets the sender’s message and tries to understand it in the best
possible manner. An effective communication occurs only if the receiver understands the message in
exactly the same way as it was intended by the sender.

Feedback: The Feedback is the final step of the process that ensures the receiver has received the
message and interpreted it correctly as it was intended by the sender. It increases the effectiveness of
the communication as it permits the sender to know the efficacy of his message. The response of the
receiver can be verbal or non-verbal.

Context – refers to the interrelated conditions of communications which affects gow people understand
the message to is classified into five types

- Physical
- Social
- Psychological
- Cultural
- Historical

COMMUNICATION

- Comes from the latin word “communicare” means to share something.

- Is the process of expressing and exchanging information, thoughts, ideas, and feelings

COMMUNICATION IS A SOCIAL INTERACTION THROUSGH MESSAGES

COMMUNICATION CAN BE EXPRESSED THROUGH WRITTEN OR SPOKEN WORDS, ACTIONS OR BOTH AT

THE SAME TIME

WOOD (2004)

- Communication is systematic process I nwhich individuals interact with and through symbols to
create and interpret meaning.

COMMUNICATION IS A PROCESS

COMMUNICATION OCCURS BETWEEN TWO OR MORE PEOPLE

COMMUNICATION IS SYMBOLIC
COMMUNICATION INVOLVES MEANING

VERBAL COMMUNICATION

- The use of words/ languages to covey message

FORMS OF VERBAL COMMUNICATION

- WRITTEN
- ORAL

NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

- BODY GESTURES/ LANGUAGE