Science, Technology

and Society

Lao, Hubert Castillo

BScriminolgy-1b
Intellectual Revolution
Refer to the series of events that led to the emergence
of modern science and the progress of scientific thinking
across critical periods in history. These intellectual
revolutions are also paradigm shifts. These paradigm
shifts resulted from a renewed and enlightened
understanding of how the universe behaves and
functions.

The key figures in the revolution

1. COPERNICAN REVOLUTION (Nicolaus Copernicus)
 A Polish mathematician and astronomer
  Formulated the heliocentric model, the center of the solar system is not the Earth but actually the sun

2. DARWINIAN REVOLUTION (Charles Darwin)

 An English naturalist, biologist and geologist. He introduced the theory of evolution, where population pass through a process of natural
selection in which only the fittest would survive.
 One of the most controversial intellectual revolution of its time.
 Published his book, On The Origin of Species.

3. FREUDIAN REVOLUTION (Sigmund Freud)

 Austrian neurologist, Sigmund Freud is credited for stirring a 20th century intellectual revolution named after him.
 Was the founding father of psychoanalysis, a method for treating mental illness and also a theory which explains human behavior.
 Emphasized the influence of the unconscious mind on behavior.

How did the revolution advance modern

science and scientific thinking at the time?
The scientific method, which emphasized systematic
experimentation as the most valid research method,
resulted in development in mathematics, physics,
astronomy, biology, and chemistry. This development
transformed the views of society about nature.

What controversies did the revolution meet?

At the time Copernicus heliocentric idea was very
controversial, nevertheless, it was the start of a
change in the way the world was viewed, and
Copernicus came to be seen as the initiator of the
scientific revolution.