Statics of Rigid Bodies: BASAEN, RV

Example 4.
Write the rectangular form of the given force. Also
compute for the angles that the force makes with the x, y
and z-axes.
z

F = 400N
B
1 4
2
F o y
3
5 A

Solution:

OPERATIONS OF VECTORS
A. Vector Addition
B. Vector Subtraction
C. Vector Multiplication
1. Dot Product
2. Cross Product
3. Triple Product

A. VECTOR ADDITION
This operation provides the resultant of the vectors
involved.

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 Statics of Rigid Bodies: BASAEN, RV

By definition, Thus if

A
R
𝑹𝑹 = 𝑨𝑨 + 𝑩𝑩 𝑨𝑨 = 𝐴𝐴𝑥𝑥 𝒊𝒊 + 𝐴𝐴𝑦𝑦 𝒋𝒋 + 𝐴𝐴𝑧𝑧 𝒌𝒌 and

B 𝑩𝑩 = 𝐵𝐵𝑥𝑥 𝒊𝒊 + 𝐵𝐵𝑦𝑦 𝒋𝒋 + 𝐵𝐵𝑧𝑧 𝒌𝒌

If where then

𝑨𝑨 = 𝐴𝐴𝑥𝑥 𝒊𝒊 + 𝐴𝐴𝑦𝑦 𝒋𝒋 + 𝐴𝐴𝑧𝑧 𝒌𝒌 𝑅𝑅𝑥𝑥 = 𝐴𝐴𝑥𝑥 + 𝐵𝐵𝑥𝑥 𝑨𝑨 𝑩𝑩 = 𝐴𝐴𝑥𝑥 𝐵𝐵𝑥𝑥 + 𝐴𝐴𝑦𝑦 𝐵𝐵𝑦𝑦 + 𝐴𝐴𝑧𝑧 𝐵𝐵𝑧𝑧

𝑩𝑩 = 𝐵𝐵𝑥𝑥 𝒊𝒊 + 𝐵𝐵𝑦𝑦 𝒋𝒋 + 𝐵𝐵𝑧𝑧 𝒌𝒌 𝑅𝑅𝑦𝑦 = 𝐴𝐴𝑦𝑦 + 𝐵𝐵𝑦𝑦 … resulting in a scalar quantity only

Then, 𝑅𝑅𝑧𝑧 = 𝐴𝐴𝑧𝑧 + 𝐵𝐵𝑧𝑧 Application:

In Engineering Mechanics, dot product is used in:
𝑹𝑹 = 𝑅𝑅𝑥𝑥 𝒊𝒊 + 𝑅𝑅𝑦𝑦 𝒋𝒋 + 𝑅𝑅𝑧𝑧 𝒌𝒌
a) Determining the angle between two
vectors

A B = ABcosϴ
A ϴ 𝑨𝑨 𝑩𝑩
B. VECTOR SUBTRACTION 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝛳𝛳 =
This operation is similar to vector addition, but the B
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
𝑨𝑨 𝑩𝑩
second vector is negated. 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝛳𝛳 =
𝐴𝐴 𝐵𝐵
cos𝛳𝛳 = 𝝀𝝀𝐴𝐴 𝝀𝝀𝐵𝐵
From
𝑹𝑹 = 𝑨𝑨 + 𝑩𝑩: 𝑩𝑩 = 𝑹𝑹 – 𝑨𝑨
If the two vectors are known, the angle
Note: between them can then be computed.
Unlike vector addition, this operation has no
specific application. However, it may be useful in b) Determining the orthogonal component
simplifying vector expressions later (e.g. of a vector along the line of action of the
discussion about “wrench”) other vector.

A ϴ From
C. VECTOR MULTIPLICATION A B = ABcosϴ
1. Dot (scalar) product B 𝑨𝑨 𝑩𝑩
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝛳𝛳 =
𝐵𝐵
A B = ABcosϴ 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝛳𝛳 = 𝑨𝑨 𝝀𝝀𝐵𝐵
A
ϴ B Acos𝛳𝛳 = magnitude of A
angle between the vectors
in the direction of B
Magnitude of vector B
Magnitude of vector A
Vector B
Vector A
2. Cross (vector) product
The result is a new vector that is
perpendicular to both the vectors involved.
A ϴ

B
𝑨𝑨 𝑥𝑥 𝑩𝑩 = 𝑪𝑪 : vector 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝛳𝛳: scalar
Resulting Vector: This is
This is read as A dot B perpendicular to both A
Vector B
Identities: Vector A
i i = j j = k k = 1:
Dot product of like vectors is 1.
C
i j = j k = k i = 0: ϴ
Dot product of unlike vectors is zero.

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 Statics of Rigid Bodies: BASAEN, RV

Thus, if Identities:
Ax B C=Bx C A=Cx A B=A B x C;
𝑨𝑨 = 𝐴𝐴𝑥𝑥 𝒊𝒊 + 𝐴𝐴𝑦𝑦 𝒋𝒋 + 𝐴𝐴𝑧𝑧 𝒌𝒌 and in cyclic order
𝑩𝑩 = 𝐵𝐵𝑥𝑥 𝒊𝒊 + 𝐵𝐵𝑦𝑦 𝒋𝒋 + 𝐵𝐵𝑧𝑧 𝒌𝒌 then
The result is equal to the determinant of
𝑨𝑨 x 𝑩𝑩 = (𝐴𝐴𝑦𝑦 𝐵𝐵𝑧𝑧 − 𝐴𝐴𝑧𝑧 𝐵𝐵𝑦𝑦 )𝒊𝒊 − 𝐴𝐴𝑥𝑥 𝐵𝐵𝑧𝑧 − 𝐴𝐴𝑧𝑧 𝐵𝐵𝑥𝑥 )𝒋𝒋 an artificial matrix formed from the elements of
the vectors involved.
+ (𝐴𝐴𝑧𝑧 𝐵𝐵𝑧𝑧 − 𝐴𝐴𝑧𝑧 𝐵𝐵𝑧𝑧 )𝒌𝒌
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
𝑨𝑨 x 𝑩𝑩 𝑪𝑪 = �𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 � = scalar quantity only
The result is also the determinant of an artificial 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
matrix formed from the vectors involved. Thus,
𝒊𝒊 𝒋𝒋 𝒌𝒌 Application:
𝑨𝑨 x 𝑩𝑩 = �𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴� ; In Engineering Mechanics, triple product is usually
𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 used in determining the moment of a force about a line or
axis.
By the expansion of minors of 1st row:
𝑀𝑀𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = r x F λLL
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
𝑨𝑨 𝒙𝒙 𝑩𝑩 = � �−� �+� �
𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵
Unit vector of line
𝑨𝑨 𝑥𝑥 𝑩𝑩 = (𝐴𝐴𝑦𝑦 𝐵𝐵𝑧𝑧 − 𝐴𝐴𝑧𝑧 𝐵𝐵𝑦𝑦 )𝒊𝒊 − 𝐴𝐴𝑥𝑥 𝐵𝐵𝑧𝑧 − 𝐴𝐴𝑧𝑧 𝐵𝐵𝑥𝑥 )𝒋𝒋+ (𝐴𝐴𝑧𝑧 𝐵𝐵𝑧𝑧 − Force vector
𝐴𝐴𝑧𝑧 𝐵𝐵𝑧𝑧 )𝒌𝒌 Position vector
Observe the reversing signs (+,-,+). Moment of force F
with respect to line
Example 1:
A non-coplanar, concurrent force system is shown
Identities: with the magnitudes of the forces given as P = 500N, F =
i x i = j x j = k x k = 0: 600N and Q = 300N. Determine the following:
cross product of unlike vectors is 0. a. Magnitude of the resultant force of P, F,
i x j = k ; j x k = i ; k x i = j: and Q
cross product follows a cyclic order. b. Angle between vectors F and Q. Solve
If the order is reversed, the result is negative. using dot product.
(BxA = -C)
z
B 5m C
Application: P = 500N
In Engineering Mechanics, the operation involving 3m F = 600N
J Q = 300N
cross product is used in determining the moment of a force F Q
o A
about a point. y

𝑴𝑴𝒐𝒐 = 𝒓𝒓 𝑥𝑥 𝑭𝑭 G
P E
x

Force vector
Position vector Solution:
Moment vector a. Resultant vector and the Magnitude of the resultant
force of P, F, and Q: R and R =?
3. Triple (scalar) product
The result is a scalar quantity only. The process is The resultant force R is the vector sum of vectors P, F,
executed by having cross product first, followed and Q. Recalling the previous concept,
by dot product.
𝑹𝑹 = 𝚺𝚺𝑭𝑭𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 = 𝑷𝑷 + 𝑭𝑭 + 𝑸𝑸
D=Ax B C
Where the forces are to be expressed in terms of their
rectangular or vector form.
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 Statics of Rigid Bodies: BASAEN, RV

Thus, Then, using the previous expressions of forces F and Q,

𝑷𝑷 = −500𝒋𝒋
(−194.7)(−166.4) + (−486.7)(0) + (292)(249.6)
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 =
(with a magnitude of 500 N, directed towards the 600(300)
negative y-axis, 𝝀𝝀𝑷𝑷 = −𝒋𝒋) 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 0.5849: 𝜽𝜽 = 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝒐𝒐 (𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨. )

𝑭𝑭 = 𝐹𝐹𝝀𝝀𝑭𝑭 = 𝑭𝑭𝝀𝝀𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 Using the concept of a triangle, angle 𝜃𝜃 is the angle side
−2𝒊𝒊 − 5𝒋𝒋 + 3𝒌𝒌 BC of the triangle BEC, where the sides are:
𝑭𝑭 = 600 � � 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = 5
√22 + 52 + 32
−2𝒊𝒊 − 5𝒋𝒋 + 3𝒌𝒌 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 = √52 + 32 + 22 = √38
𝑭𝑭 = 600 � �
√38 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 = √32 + 22 = √13
𝑭𝑭 = −194.7𝒊𝒊 − 486.7𝒋𝒋 + 292𝒌𝒌 N
B 5 C

𝑸𝑸 = 𝑄𝑄𝝀𝝀𝑸𝑸 = 𝑄𝑄𝝀𝝀𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸
−2𝒊𝒊 + 3𝒌𝒌 √13
𝑸𝑸 = 300 � � 𝐶𝐶 𝜽𝜽
√22 + 32
𝑸𝑸 = −166.4𝒊𝒊 + 249.6𝒌𝒌 N
E
Thus, adding like terms for the corresponding x, y, and z
components,
Thus, from Cosine law:
𝑹𝑹 = (−194.7 − 166.4)𝒊𝒊 + (−500 − 486.7)𝒋𝒋 + 52 = 38 + 13 − (2)�√38��√13�𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
(292 + 249.6)𝒌𝒌 𝜽𝜽 = 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝒐𝒐 (𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨. )

𝑹𝑹 = −361.1𝒊𝒊 − 986.7𝒋𝒋 + 541.6𝒌𝒌 𝑁𝑁 (𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴. ) Example 2:

(Resultant force vector) A non-coplanar, concurrent force system is shown
with the magnitudes of the forces given as P = 500N, F =
Magnitude of the Resultant Force: R= ? 600N and Q = 300N. Determine the following:
This is computed based on the components of the �������⃗x F
a. 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂
vector. Thus, from ������⃗x R, where R is the resultant of the
b. 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺
𝑅𝑅 = �𝑅𝑅𝑥𝑥2 + 𝑅𝑅𝑦𝑦2 + 𝑅𝑅𝑧𝑧2 = �361.12 + 986.72 + 541.62 given forces
�������⃗x F ⋅ 𝝀𝝀𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂
c. 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 �������⃗

𝑅𝑅 = 1182 𝑁𝑁 (𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴. )
z

b. Angle between F and Q. Solve using dot product. B 5m C

P = 500N
z 3m F = 600N
J Q = 300N
F Q
B 5m C A
o y
3m
J G
F Q P E
𝜽𝜽 A x
o y

G
P E Solution:
x 𝑎𝑎. �������⃗
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 x F = ?
This requires the expression of both the position
From the concept of dot product, the angle between �������⃗ and the force vector F .
vector 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂
two vectors F and Q can be determined from
From the given system
𝑭𝑭 𝑸𝑸 = 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝛳𝛳 �������⃗
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 2𝒊𝒊 + 5𝒋𝒋 + 0k m
Thus, −2𝒊𝒊 − 5𝒋𝒋 + 3𝒌𝒌
𝑭𝑭 𝑸𝑸 𝑭𝑭 𝑸𝑸 𝑭𝑭 = 600 � �: (as shown in example 1)
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = = = 𝝀𝝀𝑭𝑭 𝝀𝝀𝑸𝑸 √22 + 52 + 32
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 𝐹𝐹 𝑄𝑄
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 Statics of Rigid Bodies: BASAEN, RV

−2𝒊𝒊 − 5𝒋𝒋 + 3𝒌𝒌 Triple product requires evaluating the determinant

𝑭𝑭 = 600 � �
√38 of the artificial matrix formed from the vectors involved.
𝑭𝑭 = −194.7𝒊𝒊 − 486.7𝒋𝒋 + 292𝒌𝒌 N Thus, following the pattern,

By expanding the minors of the 1st row of the artificial �������⃗ x F 𝝀𝝀𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 �������⃗ = 2(0 − 1𝑥𝑥292) − 5(0 − 0) +
matrix formed, and following the pattern as previously (0𝑥𝑥0)
given, we have �������⃗ x F 𝝀𝝀𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 �������⃗ = -584 N-m (Ans.)

�������⃗
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 x 𝐅𝐅 = (5𝑥𝑥292 − 0)𝒊𝒊 − (2𝑥𝑥292 − 0)𝒋𝒋 + Example 3.
((2)(−486.7) − (5)(−194.7))𝒌𝒌 A plane on the xyz-coordinate system is defined by
�������⃗
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 x 𝐅𝐅 = 1460𝒊𝒊 − 584𝒋𝒋 + 0.10𝒌𝒌 N-m points A(3,0,0), B(-1,5,0) and C(2,0,4) m. A force with a
magnitude of 200N passes through point A and is
�������⃗
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 x 𝐅𝐅 = 1460𝒊𝒊 − 584𝒋𝒋 N-m (Ans.) perpendicular to the plane ABC. (a) Write the rectangular
form of this force. (b) Determine the angle between ������⃗
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 and
b. ������⃗
𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 x R = ? ������⃗ ������⃗x F
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 (c) Determine 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵
Since R represents the resultant of the forces,
𝑹𝑹 = 𝑷𝑷 + 𝑭𝑭 + 𝑸𝑸 Solution:
z
Where: (repeated from Example 1)
𝑷𝑷 = −500𝒋𝒋
𝑭𝑭 = −194.7𝒊𝒊 − 486.7𝒋𝒋 + 292𝒌𝒌 N C(2,0,4)
F
(as solved)
−2𝒊𝒊 + 3𝒌𝒌 B(-1,5,0)
𝑸𝑸 = 300 � � o
√22 + 32 y
𝑸𝑸 = −166.4𝒊𝒊 + 249.6𝒌𝒌 ϴ -F
x A(3,0,0)
𝑹𝑹 = −361.1𝒊𝒊 − 986.7𝒋𝒋 + 541.6𝒌𝒌

Also, (a) The force (±𝑭𝑭) is to be perpendicular to the plane

������⃗= 0i+5j+0k =5j
𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 bounded by the given points. This can be satisfied by
using the property of a cross product, in which the
Thus, using the pattern for cross product again, resulting vector (i.e. the cross product) is
perpendicular to the vectors involved. Thus, consider
𝒊𝒊 𝒋𝒋 𝒌𝒌 two position vectors on the given plane, take their
������⃗x 𝐑𝐑 = � 0
𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 5 0 � cross product, then get the unit vector λ of this cross
−361.1 −986.7 541.6 product. The force (±𝑭𝑭) should have equal unit vector
λ.
������⃗
𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 x 𝐑𝐑 = 2708𝒊𝒊 + 1805.5𝒌𝒌 N-m (Ans.)
������⃗and ������⃗
Taking position vectors 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 on the plane, where:
𝑐𝑐. ���������⃗
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 x F ⋅ 𝝀𝝀𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 �������⃗ = ? ������⃗= −4𝒊𝒊 + 5𝒋𝒋 m
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
Where ������⃗= −𝒊𝒊 + 𝟒𝟒k m
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
�������⃗= 2𝒊𝒊 + 5𝒋𝒋 + 0k m
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂
Letting PV to be the resulting perpendicular vector, then
𝑭𝑭 = −194.7𝒊𝒊 − 486.7𝒋𝒋 + 292𝒌𝒌 N (as solved) ������⃗x�������⃗
PV = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
�������⃗
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 𝒊𝒊 𝒋𝒋 𝒌𝒌
𝝀𝝀�������⃗
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = PV =�−4 5 0� =20𝒊𝒊 + 16𝒋𝒋 + 5𝒌𝒌
�������⃗|
|𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂
5𝒋𝒋 −1 0 4
𝝀𝝀�������⃗
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = ∶ 𝝀𝝀�������⃗𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 𝒋𝒋
Then
5 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 20𝒊𝒊 + 16𝒋𝒋 + 5𝒌𝒌
2 5 0 𝝀𝝀𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = =
�������⃗
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 x F 𝝀𝝀𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 |𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃| √202 + 162 + 52
�������⃗ = �−194.7 −486.7 292�
0 1 0
𝝀𝝀𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 =0.766𝒊𝒊 + 0.613𝒋𝒋 + 0.142𝒌𝒌

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 Statics of Rigid Bodies: BASAEN, RV

Thus, the required force should have equal unit vector, i.e. Thus,
±𝑭𝑭 = F𝝀𝝀𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 200(0.766𝒊𝒊 + 0.613𝒋𝒋 + 0.142𝒌𝒌) R = -1481i+972.6j +482.09k
R = |R| =√14812 + 972.62 + 482.092
±𝑭𝑭 = ±(153.2𝒊𝒊 + 122.6𝒋𝒋 + 38.4𝒌𝒌 N (Ans.)
R = 1836 N (Ans.)
(b) The required angle can be solved using dot product.
From ������⃗ ������⃗= |AB||AC|cosϴ, where
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 b. Coordinates at the point of intersection on the yz-plane
������⃗= −4𝒊𝒊 + 5𝒋𝒋 and ������⃗
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = −𝒊𝒊 + 𝟒𝟒k, then
(−4)(−1) + (5)(0) + (0)(4) z
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = = 0.1515
(√42 + 52 )(√12 + 42 )
yB B
𝜭𝜭 = 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝒐𝒐 (Ans.)
zB
o
������⃗x F = ? y
(c) 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵
R
������⃗ = 4i-5j
Considering the upward force F only and 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵
𝒊𝒊 𝒋𝒋 𝒌𝒌 x
A
������⃗x F =� 4
𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 −5 0 �
153.2 122.6 38.44 Considering point B to be the point of intersection
with respect to the yz-plane, its coordinates can be
������⃗
𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 x F = -192.2𝒊𝒊 − 153.8𝒋𝒋 + 1256𝒌𝒌 N-m (Ans.) computed by ratio and proportion, i.e. components of the
force in relation to the distances produced from A to B.
Thus,
Example 4.
Three forces of magnitudes P1 = 550 N, P2 = 1000 N 𝑅𝑅𝑥𝑥 𝑅𝑅𝑦𝑦 𝑅𝑅𝑧𝑧 −1481 972.6 482.1
and P3 = 750 N are concurrent at point A as shown. (a) = = : = =
−1 𝑦𝑦𝐵𝐵 𝑧𝑧𝐵𝐵 −1 𝑦𝑦𝐵𝐵 𝑧𝑧𝐵𝐵
Determine the magnitude of the resultant force R of these
forces and (b) the coordinates of the point where R crosses Thus, 𝑦𝑦𝐵𝐵 = 0.657𝑚𝑚 and 𝑧𝑧𝐵𝐵 = 0.326m, or:
the yz-plane.
The coordinates at which the resultant force intersects the
yz-plane is
z
P3 P1= 550N B(0,0.657,0.326)m (Ans.)
P2= 1000N
It should be noted that the above analysis becomes simpler
P3= 750N
P2 if one point on the line of action of the force is one of the
40oo axes (x, y or z-axis). Generally, the analysis below may be
25o y
used.

A P1 z
x 𝑅𝑅𝑥𝑥 𝑅𝑅𝑦𝑦 𝑅𝑅𝑧𝑧
= =
𝑥𝑥𝐴𝐴 𝑦𝑦𝐴𝐴 − 𝑦𝑦𝐵𝐵 𝑧𝑧𝐵𝐵
yB B
Solution: Observe care in using
a. R = ? zB
proportions, especially
o
The resultant of the forces can be determined by taking iny the signs of the
the vector sum of the forces, R xA
Rz Rx
components, etc.
𝑹𝑹 = 𝑷𝑷𝟏𝟏 + 𝑷𝑷𝟐𝟐 + 𝑷𝑷𝟑𝟑 Ry
A
x yA
Where
𝑷𝑷𝟏𝟏 = 550j
𝑷𝑷𝟐𝟐 = 1000((-cos25)i+(sin25)j))
𝑷𝑷𝟐𝟐 = -906.3i + 422.6j

𝑷𝑷𝟑𝟑 = 750((-cos40)i+(sin40)k))
𝑷𝑷𝟑𝟑 = -574.5i+482.09k
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