M.

SRI HIMAJA
F20031
ASSIGNMENT-
1
COMPARE AND CONTRAST BETWEEN DIFFERENT PARTICIPATORY APPROACHES
COMPARISON WITH RRA:
 A)Difference between RRA and PRA

RAPID RURAL APPRAISAL PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL

(RRA) (PRA)

Aims at acquiring new information about rural life Aims at decision making at the community level,
and rural resources planning, and analysis and finding solution to their
problems.

The development period is at late 1970s and Development period is at late 1980’s and 1990’s
1980’s
Users are NGO’s and Government field
Users are Universities and AID agencies organizations

Focus is mainly decided by community

Focus is decided by outsiders

 Similarity between them is --- they both use common tools for approach
and workshop involving local people.

 B)Difference between RRA and PLA

RAPID RURAL APPRAISAL PARTICIPATORY LEARNING METHOD

(RRA) (PALM)

RRA is extractive: "we," as experts, take information PLA, by contrast, is more participatory: outsiders act
from "them." as facilitators for local people.

Aims at acquiring new information about rural life Participation should not only be limited to rural
and rural resources appraisals and the approach has learning for action
as its basic essence
Used for assessment
Used for Social Learning
  Similarities are both using same tools like mapping, workshops
 C)Difference between RRA and AEA
RAPID RURAL APPRAISAL
(RRA)
Rapid collection of data by outsiders to achieve
comprehensive understanding of rural societies and
people
Information gathered from outsiders
 D)Difference between RRA and PAR
RAPID RURAL APPRAISAL
(RRA)
Aims at acquiring new information about rural life
and rural resources
 E)Difference between RRA and PAME
RAPID RURAL APPRAISAL
(RRA)
Rapid collection of data by outsiders to achieve
comprehensive understanding of rural societies
and people
Focus on rural people and rural resources
AGROECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS
(AEA)
It is a complete analysis of an agricultural
environment which consider aspects of ecology
sociology , economics and politics.
Information gathered from document analysis,
workshops
PARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH
(PAR)
Builds community’s capacity to solve its own
problems and to promote community’s health and
social justice
PARCTICIPATORY ASSESSMENT,MONITORING
AND EVALUATION(PAME)
Process of self assessment ,collective knowledge
generation and cooperative action in which
stakeholders in a program or intervention and
collaboratively identify the monitor and evaluation
of issues collect data and analyse the data
Focus on Monitor, evaluation and performances
  F)Difference between RRA and FSR
RAPID RURAL APPRAISAL
(RRA)
Aims at acquiring new information about rural life
and rural resources
Rapid collection of data by outsiders to achieve
comprehensive understanding of rural societies
and people
Information gathered from outsiders
 G)Difference between RRA and PRAP
RAPID RURAL APPRAISAL
(RRA)
Rapid collection of data by outsiders to achieve
comprehensive understanding of rural societies
and people
COMPARISION WITH PRA:
 A)DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PRA AND PALM:
PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL
(PRA)
FARMER SYSTEM RESEARCH
(FSR)
Associated with small farmers and focus on their
conditions
Goal to develop sustainable land use system and
income and employment to farm families
To understand farmers priorities strategies and
resources
PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL AND
PLANNING(PRAP)
Conducting to design community and regional level
projects, bases on local needs.
Planning and practical implementation, who applies,
who participates ,role and facilitate time needed,
and concrete guidelines for planning the PRAP
process
PARTICIPATORY LEARNING METHODS
(PALM)
Mainly used for planning Mainly used for Social Learning

It priorities for plans and activities Create awareness and empowerment of civil societies

 Similarity—Direct observation of community/village conditions

Talking to cross-section to the village locality
--They Developed by NGO’s.
 Difference between PRA and PAR:

PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL PARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH

(PRA) (PAR)

Rural people themselves do much of the Conducted by teachers, administration and other
investigation, planning and presentation professional to solve their problems

Based on village experiences and manage natural Strategy to work on each complementary way
resources such that each person contributes to the whole

 Difference between PRA and PAME:

PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL PARTICIPATIRY ASSESSMENT,MONITORING

(PRA) AND EVALUATION(PAME)

Process of involving local people in the analysis To empower local people to initiate control and
and interpretation and rural situation take collective action

Set of informal techniques used by rural areas to Simple methods and self evaluation. Community
analyse and collect data members, project staff, facilitators are involved

 Difference between PRA and FSR:

PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL FARMER SYSTEM RESEARCH

(PRA) (FSR)

Development period is at late 1980’s and 1990’s Developed in 1970’s

It priorities for plans and activities To understand farmers priorities, strategies and
resource allocation decisions

Process of involving local people in the analysis It features on farmer based and problem solving
and interpretation and rural situation
COMPARISION WITH PLA:
 Difference between PLA and PAR:

PARTICIPATORY LEARNING METHODS PARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH

(PALM) (PAR)

It is a learning from community, collection of data Strategy to work on each complementary way
and carrying actions such that each person contributes to the whole

Empowerment to civil societies Solution of practical problems

 Difference between PLA and FSR:

PARTICIPATORY LEARNING METHODS FARMER SYSTEM RESEARCH

(PALM) (FSR)

Participation should not only be limited to rural To develop sustainable land use system
appraisals and the approach has learning for optimize resource use of income and
action as its basic essence employment of farm families

Interacting with local people, understanding and Interacting with small farmers and focus on
learning them their conditions

 Difference between PLA and PRAP:

PARTICIPATORY LEARNING METHODS PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL AND

(PALM) PLANNING(PRAP)
Intended to facilitate a process of collective
analysis and learning.
Impact monitoring and assessment
COMPARISION WITH AEA:
 Difference between AEA and FSR:
AGRO-ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS
(AEA)
Analysis of agricultural environment includes
ecology, sociology and economics.
 Difference between AEA and PAME:
AGRO-ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS
(AEA)
It is a complete analysis of an agricultural
environment which consider aspects of ecology
sociology, economics and politics.
Information gathered from document analysis,
workshops
COMPARISION WITH PAR:
 Difference between PAR and FSR:
PARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH
(PAR)
Planning and practical implementation of PRA-
results, who participates and guidelines for
planning for PRA process
FARMER SYSTEM APPROACH
(FSR)
Analysis of small farming holdings and same
farming systems are identified
On-farm experiments
PARTICIPATIRY ASSESSMENT,MONITORING
AND EVALUATION(PAME)
To empower local people to initiate control and
take collective action
Focus on Monitor, evaluation and performances
Simple methods and self evaluation. Community
members, project staff, facilitators are involved
FARMING SYSTEM RESEARCH
(FSR)
Strategy to work on each complementary way Goal to develop sustainable land use system and
such that each person contributes to the whole income and employment to farm families

Solution of practical problems To understand farmers priorities strategies and

resources

COMPARISION WITH PAME:

PRATICIPATORY PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL AND
ASSESSMENT,MONITORING AND PLANNING(PRAP)
EVALUATION(PAME)
Process of self assessment. To empower local Planning and practical implementation of PRA-
people to initiate control and take collective results, who participates and guidelines for
action planning for PRA process

Simple methods and self evaluation.

THANK YOU