Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Utomatic Night Lamp
Utomatic Night Lamp
In the present paper the author has designed and developed a system to glow the night lamp in the
evening and gives an alarm in the morning automatically using the most popular current time in the
address and data field of the the execution of the program with current time and other data are
stored in the memory locations specified for the purpose and the electronic circuit so developed is
connected to the kit, gives required result very accurately
INTRODUCTION
Detects The Daylight In The Morning, A Melodious Morning Alarm Sounds. This Circuit
Automatically Turns On A Night Lamp When Bedroom Light Is Switched Off. The Lamp Remains ‘On’
Until The Light Sensor Senses Daylight In The Morning. A Super-Bright White Led Is Used As The
Night Lamp. It Gives Bright And Cool Light In The Room. When The Sensor The Circuit Is Powered
From A Standard 0-9v Transformer. Diodes D1 Through D4 Rectify The Ac Voltage And The Resulting
Dc Voltage Is Smoothed Regulator Gives Regulated Provided To Ac Power The Circuit When Mains
Fails. When Mains Supply Is Available, The 9v Rechargeable Battery Charges Via Diode D5 And
Resistor R1 With A Reasonably Constant Current. In The Event Of Mains Failure, The Battery
Automatically Takes Up The Load Without Any Delay. Diode D5 Prevents The Battery From
Discharging Backwards Following The Mains Failure And Diode D6 Provides Current Path From The
Battery. The Circuit Utilises Light-Dependant Re Sani Theo Circuit Ideas Sistors (Ldrs) For Sensing
Darkness And Light In The Room. The Resistance Of Ldr Is Very High In Darkness, Which Reduces To
Minimum When Ldr Is Fully Illuminated. Ldr1 Detects Darkness, While Ldr2 Detects Light In The
Morning. The Circuit Is Designed Around The Popular Timer Ic Ne555 Which Is Configured As A
Monostable. Is Activated By A Low Pulse Applied To Its Trigger Pin. Once Triggered, Output Pin Of
Ic2 Goes High And Remains In That Position Until Is Triggered Again At Its Pin. When Ldr1 Is
Illuminated With Ambient Light In The Room, Its Resistance Remains Low, Which Keeps Trigger Pin
2 Of Ic2 At A Positive Potential. As A Result, Output Pin 3 Of Goes Low And The White Led Remains
Off. As The Illumination Of Ldr1’s Sensitive Window Reduces, The Resistance Of The Device
Increases. In Total Darkness, The Specified Ldr Has A Resistance In Excess Of 280 Kiloohms. When
The Resistance Of Ldr1 Increases, A Short Pulse Is Applied To Trigger Pin 2 Of Via Resistor R2 (150
Kiloohms). This Activates The Monostable And Its Output Goes High, Causing The White Led To
Glow. Low-Value Capacitor C2 Maintains The Monostable For Continuous Operation, Eliminating
The Timer Effect. By Increasing The Value Of C2, The ‘On’ Time Of The White Led Can Be Adjusted
To A Predetermined Time. Ldr2 And Associated Components Generate The Morning Alarm At
Dawn. Ldr2 Detects The Ambient Light In The Room At Sunrise And Its Resistance Gradually Falls
And Transistor T1 Starts Conducting. When T1 Conducts, Melody-Generator Dusk And Turn Off
Automatically After Dawn In The Morning. Due To The Technological Development Nowadays, Road
Lighting Can Be Categorized According To The Installation Area And Performance, For An Example,
Lighting For Traffic Routes, Lighting For Subsidiary Roads And Lighting For Urban Center And Public
Amenity Areas. The Wsn Helps In Improving The Network Sensing For Street Lighting. Meanwhile,
Street Light System Can Be Classified According To The Type Of Lamps Used Such As Incandescent
Light, Mercury Vapor Light, Metal Halide Light, High Pressure Sodium Light, Low Pressure Sodium
Light, Fluorescent Light, Compact Fluorescent Light, Induction Light And Led Light. Different Type Of
Light Technology Used In Lighting Design With Their Luminous Efficiency, Lamp Service Life And
Their Considerations. The Led Is Considered A Promising Solution To Modern Street Lighting System
Due To Its Behavior And Advantages. Apart From That, The Advantages Of Led Are Likely To Replace
The Traditional Street Lamps Such As The Incandescent Lamp, Fluorescent Lamp And High-Pressure
Sodium Lamp In Future But Led Technology Is An Extremely Difficult Process That Requires A
Combination Of Advanced Production Lines, Top Quality Materials And Highprecision
Manufacturing Process. Therefore, The Research Work Highlights The Energy Efficient System Of
The Street Lights System Using Led Lamps With Ir Sensor Interface For Controlling And Managing
This Automatic Night Lamp Circuit Turns On A Night Lamp When Bedroom Light Is
Switched Off. The Lamp Remains On Until The Light Sensor Senses Daylight In The
Morning. A Super-Bright White Led Is Used As The Night Lamp. It Gives Bright And Cool
Light In The Room. When The Sensor Detects The Daylight In The Morning, A Melodious
Morning Alarm Sound
circuit is powered from a standard 0-9V transformer. Diodes D1 through D4 rectify the
AC voltage and the resulting DC voltage is smoothed by C1. Regulator IC 7806 gives
regulated 6V DC to the circuit. A battery backup is provided to power the circuit when
mains fails. When mains supply is available, the 9V rechargeable battery charges via
diode D5 and resistor R1 with a reasonably constant current. In the event of mains
failure, the battery automatically takes up the load without any delay. Diode D5
prevents the battery from discharging backwards following the mains failure and diode
D6 provides current path from the battery.
AUTOMATIC NIGHT LAMP CIRCUIT
The circuit utilises light-dependant resistors (LDRs) for sensing darkness and light in
the room. The resistance of LDR is very high in darkness, which reduces to minimum
when LDR is fully illuminated. LDR1 detects darkness, while LDR2 detects light in the
morning.
The circuit is designed around the popular timer IC NE555 (IC2), which is configured as
a monostable. IC2 is activated by a low pulse applied to its trigger pin 2. Once
3 of IC2 goes high and remains in that position until IC2 is triggered again at its pin 2.
When LDR1 is illuminated with ambient light in the room, its resistance remains low,
which keeps trigger pin 2 of IC2 at a positive potential. As a result, output pin
3 of IC2 goes low and the white LED remains off. As the illumination of LDR 1’s
In total darkness, the specified LDR has a resistance in excess of 280 kilo-ohms. When
the resistance of LDR1 increases, a short pulse is applied to trigger pin 2 of IC2 via
resistor R2 (150 kilo-ohms). This activates the monostable and its output goes high,
The nine-volt battery, or 9-volt battery, is a common size of battery that was introduced for
early transistor radios. It has a rectangular prism shape with rounded edges and a polarized
snap connector at the top. This type is commonly used in smoke detectors, gas
detectors, clocks, walkie-talkies, electric guitars and effects units.
The nine-volt battery format is commonly available in primary carbon-zinc and alkaline
chemistry, in primary lithium iron disulfide, and in rechargeable form in nickel-cadmium, nickel-
metal hydride and lithium-ion. Mercury-oxide batteries of this format, once common, have not
been manufactured in many years due to their mercury content. Designations for this format
include NEDA 1604 and IEC 6F22 (for zinc-carbon) or MN1604 6LR61 (for alkaline). The size,
regardless of chemistry, is commonly designated PP3—a designation originally reserved solely
for carbon-zinc, or in some countries, E or E-block
Most nine-volt alkaline batteries are constructed of six individual 1.5 V LR61 cells enclosed in a
wrapper.[2] These cells are slightly smaller than LR8D425 AAAA cells and can be used in their
place for some devices, even though they are 3.5 mm shorter. Carbon-zinc types are made with
six flat cells in a stack, enclosed in a moisture-resistant wrapper to prevent drying. Primary
lithium types are made with three cells in series.[3]
9-volt batteries accounted for 4% of alkaline primary battery sales in the United States in 2007,
and 2% of primary battery sales and 2% of secondary battery (rechargeable) sales in
Switzerland In 2008.
CONNECTORS
he battery has both terminals in a snap connector on one end. The smaller circular (male)
terminal is positive, and the larger hexagonal or octagonal (female) terminal is the negative
contact. The connectors on the battery are the same as on the load device; the smaller one
connects to the larger one and vice versa.[2] The same snap-style connector is used on other
battery types in the Power Pack (PP) series. Battery polarization is normally obvious, since
mechanical connection is usually only possible in one configuration.
A problem with this style of connector is that it is very easy to connect two batteries together in
a short circuit, which quickly discharges both batteries, generating heat and possibly a fire.
[8]
Because of this hazard, nine-volt batteries should be kept in the original packaging until they
are going to be used
LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE
LED
line current conventionally used to power incandescent general lighting. Those electronics
greatly increase the complexity and purchase price of general illumination LED "light bulbs", and
the cheap electronics included in low-cost LED "bulbs" may cause the LED light to flicker
(similarly to fluorescent lamps) at a low or high frequency, while the electronics also may pose
an increased fire risk when the electronics fail catastrophically, which necessarily will occur
occasionally given that the design of the electronic circuitry has been stripped down to minimize
its manufacturing cost. Unlike a laser, the light emitted from an LED is neither
spectrally coherent nor even highly monochromatic. However, its spectrum is sufficiently narrow
that it appears to the human eye as a pure (saturated) color Also unlike most lasers, its radiation
is not spatially coherent, so it cannot approach the very high brightnesses characteristic
of lasers.
RELAY
TRANSISTOR
RESISTOR
is a laminated sandwich structure of conductive and insulating layers. PCBs have two
complementary functions. The first is to affix electronic components in designated locations on
the outer layers by means of soldering. The second is to provide reliable electrical connections
(and also reliable open circuits) between the component's terminals in a controlled manner often
referred to as PCB design. Each of the conductive layers is designed with an artwork pattern
of conductors (similar to wires on a flat surface) that provides electrical connections on that
conductive layer, while another manufacturing process adds small and precisely located holes
that are drilled through the laminate and then plated with copper. The vias are the electrical
interconnection between layers that are otherwise insulated in the laminate structure and this
allows a third dimension of connection between conductive layers in a controlled manner that is
both reliable and cost-effective for mass production of electronic products.
PCB of a DVD player. Typical PCBs are green, but they may also be made in other colorsPart of a
1984 Sinclair ZX Spectrum computer board, a PCB, showing the conductive traces, vias (the through-hole
paths to the other surface), and some electronic components mounted using through-hole mounting.
Long Life: LEDs can last over 100,000 hours (10+ years) if used at rated current
LEDs do not contain breakable glass. Solid-State, high shock and vibration resistant
Low power consumption puts less load on the electrical systems increasing battery life. Here we
have used the most common 5mm white light. White LEDs are perfect for replacing inefficient
incandescent bulbs in night lights and path lights
SPECIFICATION:
Intensity: 28,500mcd
ypical: 3.1v
Current: 20mA
WORKING PROCEDURE
The working procedure of the Smart street light using IR sensors is explained below. The following
are the different steps included in building a Smart street light.
1. Output of the LDR pin is connected to A0 (analog) port of
2. Connect all output of the IR sensors to port numbers A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5 respectively (analog)
which is the input signal to the.
3. The output signals from LED are connected to port number 5, 6, 9, 10 and 11 respectively.
4. Again connect all the negative terminals of LED’s to GND port. 6. Power is passed to the (7-12V)
The is the circuit diagram of the Automatic alarm using the light sensor. It works in accordance with
the varying sunlight. Whenever there is sufficient sunlight in surroundings, LDR exhibits high
resistance and acts as an insulator, while in darkness this LDR behaves as low resistance path and
allows the flows of electricity, this LDR’s operates with the help of ldr sensors, these sensors are
activated under low illumination conditions and these are every basic electronic circuit will operate
under regulated 5v DC. When any object comes in the range of IR sensors, as IR LED emits the
radiations and reflected back to IR photodiode by the object. Hence, object is detected. The heart
of circuit is the low power, high is programmed by embedded assembly implementing these tasks;
this program is stored and operated by means of storage device EPROM. The intensity of LED’s is
remained at low initially (when no object is detected, at no natural light condition) by technique
where analog signal is converted to digital signal, ON-OFF process of LEDs take place so rapidly in
such a way, the LEDs seem to glow dimly when seen by naked eye. Hence, intensity of LEDs are
controlled by varying duty cycle. While coming to the functional block i.e. LDR, LEDs, IR sensors,
these components are in expensive, smaller in size, less complexity, highly reliable, low power
applications, minimum risk with greater accuracy. The project is successfully implemented in many
areas based on the experimental verification proving that it can save the electrical power to greater
extent removing the manual work completely; the system became the origin for upcoming
advanced intelligent systems in saving both human and electrical power. The switching of the LEDs
are operated through coding applied in.
The project can also be used in parking areas of malls, hotels, industrial lighting, etc.
If the lighting system implements all LED lights, the cost of the maintenance can be reduced as the
life span and durability of LEDs is higher than Neon based lights which are normally used as street
lights.
As the lights are automatically turned ON or OFF, huge amount of energy can be saved.
This system less costly, less installation and maintenance cost and more efficient as compared to
the others system
Pole damage detection with the addition of suitable sensor can be implemented.
CONCLUSION
By using Lamp light, one can save surplus amount of energy which is done by replacing sodium
vapor lamps by LED and adding an additional feature for security purposes. It prevents unnecessary
wastage of electricity, caused due to manual switching of streetlights when it’s not required. It
provides an efficient and smart automatic streetlight control system with the help of IR sensors. It
can reduce the energy consumption and maintains the cost. The system is versatile, extendable and
totally adjustable to user needs.
The system is now used only for One way traffic in highways.
Not switched on before the sunset. The Smart light system can be further extended to make the
current system in twoway , making the system more flexible in case of rainy days and introduction
of ways to control the lights through
REFERENCES
1. International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering (An
ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization) Website: www.ijircce.com Vol. 5, Issue 3, March 2017 Smart
2. S. Suganya, R. Sinduja, T. Sowmiya& S. Senthilkumar, Street light glow on detecting vehicle
movement using sensor 3. K.Santha Sheela,S.Padmadevi, Survey on Street Lighting System Based
On Vehicle Movements 4. Srikanth M, Sudhakar K N,ZigBee Based Remote Control Automatic Street
Light System 5. M.Abhishek, Syed ajram shah, K.Chetan, K,Arun Kumar, Design and implementation
of flow based street light control system with effective utilization of solar energy, International
journal of Science Engineering and Advance Technology, IJSEAT, Vol 3, Issue