Department of Education

Region III
DIVISION OF MABALACAT CITY

Name: _____________________________Grade/Track/Strand: ________________

School: ___________________________________________Date: ________________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

General Biology 2 (Q4 – Lessons 1 and 2)
The Organ Systems of Plants and Animals

I. Introduction

Humans and all other multicellular organisms such as plants and animals have a
system of organs that carry out life functions that keep them alive. This learning
activity sheet will explore the reproduction, development, nutrition, gas exchange,
transport/circulation, and regulation of body fluids.

II. Learning Competency

Compare and contrast the following processes in plants and animals: reproduction,
development, nutrition, gas exchange, transport/circulation, regulation of body fluids,
chemical and nervous control, immune systems, and sensory and motor mechanisms.
(STEM_BIO11/12-IVa-h-1)

III. Objectives

After going through this Learning Activity Sheets, you are expected to:
1. describe the processes of plant and animal reproduction, development,
nutrition, respiration, and circulation.
2. compare and contrast the reproduction, development, nutrition,
respiration, and circulation in plants and animals;
3. relate the importance of the plant and animal organ systems and its role
in the ecosystem.

IV. Discussion
1
 Plants and animals are easy to distinguish, but they share specific characteristics
that make them stand out. Apart from that, the ecosystem, the environment, and their
interdependence are the only simple aspects they have in common. Plants and
animals can be differentiated by various factors, not just at the external features but
also the organ systems and process.

Reproduction is one of the most fundamental biological processes by which

organisms produce new offspring. There are two types of reproduction:

1. Asexual Reproduction is a type of reproduction that does not involve the

fusion of sex cells, and offspring inherit their single parent's full set of genes.

Plants Animals Both Plants and Animals

Vegetative production Binary Fission Budding
-new plants are produced - the cells divide in half, -happens when a new
from the vegetative parts creating a clone of the individual develops from
of the plants, i.e., roots, parent (ex. Algae, some generative
stems, or buds (ex. protozoa). anatomical point of the
Potatoes, onions, ginger). parent organism.
.
Spore Formation Fragmentation
-release of the asexual -occur when a single
reproductive body (spores) parent breaks into parts
that germinate and grow that give rise to new
into new plants (ex. Moss, individuals.
algae).

Plant Asexual Reproduction Animal Asexual Reproduction

2
 Source: www.pinterest.ph Source: www.byjus.com

2. Sexual Reproduction is a type of reproduction that involves the fusion of egg

cells and sperm cells combining the genetic material of the different sexes.

Plants Animals Both Plants and Animals

Pollination External and Internal Fertilization

- is defined as the
placement or transfer of
pollen from the anther to
the stigma of the same
flower or another flower.
Fertilization - is the union of egg and
- occur by the male sperm cells.
directly depositing sperm
in the female during
mating (internal) and
outside the female’s body
(external).

Plant Sexual Reproduction Animal Sexual Reproduction

Pollination External Fertilization Internal Fertilization

3
 Source: www.majordifferences.com
Source: www.byjus.com

Development involves cell division, body axis formation, tissue and organ
development, and cell differentiation (gaining a final cell type identity). A multicellular
organism develops from a single cell (the zygote) into a collection of many different cell
types, organized into tissues and organs.

Plants Animals Both Plants and Animals

Zygote  Globular 
Torpedo  Embryo 
Seedling  Formation of
Flowers, fruits and seeds
Zygote  Morula (16 Zygote  Embryo  fully
celled stage)  Blastula developed organism
(128 celled stage) 
Gastrula (three germ layer
cells)  Late Embryo

Plant Development

Source: www.semanticscholar.org

Animal Development

Source: www.slideplayer.org

Nutrition is the biochemical and physiological process by which an organism

uses food to support its life.

Plants Animals Both Plants and Animals

Autotrophs
- can make their food from
inorganic raw materials,
such as carbon dioxide
and water, through
photosynthesis in the
presence of sunlight.
Heterotrophs Parasitic mode of
- an organism that eats nutrition (ex. Mistletoe
other plants or animals for and fleas)
energy and nutrients.
3 Types of Heterotrophic
Nutrition:
1. Holozoic Nutrition –
involves ingestion and
internal processing of solid

4
 and liquid food in an
organism (ex. herbivores,
carnivores, omnivores).
2. Saprophytic Nutrition
- feed on dead and decayed
organisms for energy (ex.
fungi, bacteria).
3. Parasitic Nutrition
- Organisms that live in or
on other organisms and
acquire food at the
expense of their host (ex.
ticks, mosquito,
tapeworms).

Plant Nutrition Animal Nutrition

Holozoic nutrition

Parasitic nutrition Saprophytic nutrition

Source: www.blendspace.com

Respiration or Gas Exchange is the movement of oxygen from the outside

environment to the cells within tissues, and the removal of carbon dioxide in
the opposite direction

Plants Animals Both Plants and Animals

5
 Stomata and Guard Cells
- specialized openings
located along the lower
surface of the leaf use for
carbon dioxide and oxygen
exchange.
Integumentary exchange
- occurs through the skin.
Gills - exchange gases in
water environments.
Tracheal systems - are
used by insects.
Lungs - are found inland
animals.
Respiration - taking in
oxygen and release carbon
dioxide gas. Oxygen and
carbon dioxide move by
diffusion across moist
membranes.

Plant Respiration Animal Respiration

Source: www.slideplayer.org
Circulation is an essential life process that
involves the transport of nutrients, water, wastes, and other materials in every cell of
an organism.

Plants Animals Both Plants and Animals

Xylem tissue Blood vessels – channels Intracellular
- transports water and of blood communication between
dissolved minerals to the Heart – pumping blood to channels or vessels
leaves
the vessels. supplying sufficient
Phloem tissue
- conducts food from the Blood – circulatory fluid nutrients for the organisms
leaves to all parts of the that carries nutrients
plant. throughout the body.

Open circulatory system -

pumps blood into a cavity
called a hemocoel where it
surrounds the organs and
then returns to the heart(s)
through ostia (openings)
(ex. insects).

Closed circulatory
system - circulates blood
unidirectionally from the
heart, around the body,

6
 and back to the heart (ex.
vertebrates).

Open Circulatory System Closed Circulatory System

Source: www.toppr.com
Osmoregulation or regulation of body fluids refers to the active regulation of
the osmotic pressure of an organism's body fluids. To maintain the water and
electrolyte balance, organisms excrete excess water, solute molecules, and
wastes.
Plants Animals Both Plants and Animals
Stomata Contractile vacuoles – Homeostatic mechanisms
- located underside of used by protists in keep the body in dynamic
leaves to control water loss. transporting ammonia and equilibrium by constantly
Vacuoles
other excretory wastes adjusting to the changes
- storage sac of food and
water in cells regulate from the cytoplasm to the that the body’s systems
cytoplasm osmolarity. cell membrane. encounter.
Types of plants based on Kidneys – is the primary
osmoregulation: organ that regulates water
Mesophytes - compensate in higher organisms such
for water lost from as humans.
transpiration by absorbing
more water.
Xerophytes - store water
in vacuoles and have thick
cuticles.
Halophytes - regulate not
only water intake/loss but
also the effect on osmotic
pressure by salt.
Hydrophytes - absorb
water across their entire
surface.

7
 Source: www.slideplayer.com
V. Activities

Activity # 1
Write P if the organ system or process happens in Plant, A if animals, or B if both.

1. Zygote  Embryo - _______________

2. Xylem and Phloem Tissue - _______________
3. Budding - _______________
4. Tracheal systems - _______________
5. Heterotroph - _______________
6. Blood Vessels - _______________
7. Stomata - _______________

8
8. Respiration - _______________
9. Contractile vacuole - _______________
10. Hydrophytes - _______________

Activity # 2
Fill in the blank using the word bank below.

__________1. The fusion of haploid gametes, egg, and sperm, to form the diploid zygote.
__________2. The splitting of cells into two parts and makes new bodies.
__________3. The process of taking in oxygen and release of carbon dioxide.
__________4. Organisms that can produce their own food.
__________5. It refers to the active regulation of the osmotic pressure of an organism's
body fluids

Autotrophs Osmoregulation
Binary Fission Respiration
Fertilization

Activity # 3:
Make your graphic organizer in comparing and contrasting the processes and sample
organisms involved in plants and animals
Criteria
Originality / Communication 20 points
Content 20 points
Writing Mechanics 10 points
TOTAL 50 points

VI. Assessment

Multiple Choice. Read the following statements. Choose the letter of the correct
answer.

_____1. Genetically similar individuals are produced through __________.

A. Asexual reproduction C. Internal fertilization
B. External fertilization D. Sexual reproduction

_____2. Flowering plants are examples of a/an _________.

A. Asexual reproduction C. Fragmentation

9
 B. Binary Fission D. Sexual reproduction

_____5. All of the following are asexual reproduction, EXCEPT:

A. budding C. pollination
B. fragmentation D. vegetative propagation

_____6. It is an essential life process that involves the method of transport of

nutrients, water, wastes, and other materials in every cell of an organism.
A. Circulation C. Reproduction
B. Osmoregulation D. Respiration

_____7. It is the early stage of the development of a multicellular organism.

A. Egg cell c. Sperm cell
B. Embryo d. Zygote

_____8. It is a form of asexual reproduction in which a new individual develops from

some generative anatomical point of the parent organism.
A. fragmentation C. fertilization
B. budding D. vegetative production

_____9. Which among the following organisms is an autotroph?

A. crow C. goat
B. cactus D. snake

_____10. All of the following are heterotrophs EXCEPT:

A. cow C. fern
B. eagle D. frog

For numbers 11-15. Identify if the given terms belong to the following organ systems
or processes:

A. Circulation C. Gas Exchange

B. Development D. Reproduction

11. Pollination
12. Blastula
13. Guard cells
14. Xylem
15. Gills

VII. Reflection

What is the importance of studying organisms' plant and animal organ systems and
its role in our ecosystem? Explain.

10
 Criteria
Originality / Communication 10 points
Content 10 points
Evidence based 5 points
TOTAL 25 points

VII. References

Asexual reproduction. BYJU 2021. Retrieved from https://byjus.com/biology/asexual-

reproduction-plants/

Asexual reproduction. Pinterest Philippines 2021. Retrieved from

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/488077678340392805/visual-search/?
x=12&y=21&w=382&h=469&cropSource=6

Cleavage, Morula, Blastula, Gastrula, Neurula. Slideplayer 2021. Retrieved from

https://slideplayer.com/slide/9706223/

11
Difference between external and internal fertilization. Major Differences 2020. Retrieved from
https://www.majordifferences.com/2017/11/difference-between-
external.html#.YHf_MNgzbIU

Photosynthesis. Blendspace 2021. Retrieved from

https://www.blendspace.com/lessons/K3r19U4HeAG5Jw/photosynthesis

Sexual Reproduction in Plants and Animals. Youtube 2021. Retrieved from

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ehm6DEerYIg

Somatic Embryogenesis. Semantic Scholar 2017. Retrieved from

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/25-Somatic-Embryogenesis-in-Recalcitrant-
Plants-Sol%C3%ADs-Ramos-Andrade-
Torres/149d1e95df9802fca817197a5971de088fab85b9/figure/0

Transport in Plants. Toppr 2021. Retrieved from https://www.toppr.com/guides/biology/life-

processes/transportation-in-plants/

VIII. Answer Key

Activity 1
1. B
Assessment
2. P
1. A
3. B
2. D
4. A
3. C
5. A
4. A
6. A
5. D
7. P
6. A
8. B
7. D
9. A
8. C
10. P
9. B
10. C
Activity 2 12
1. Fertilization
Reflection
2. Binary fission
Answers may vary
3. Respiration
4. Autotrophs
IX. Development Team

Development Team of the Learning Activity Sheets

Writer: Marjorie B. Cudal

Editor: Cristina L. Dizon, PhD
Reviewer: Ala M. Elagio, Nicole Ann P. Tiongco, Jeffrey R. Yumang
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Management Team: Engr. Edgard C. Domingo, PhD, CESO V
Leandro C. Canlas, PhD, CESE
Elizabeth O. Latorilla, PhD
13
Sonny N. De Guzman, EdD
Cristina L. Dizon, PhD
Elizabeth C. Miguel, EdD