Joseco, Jomar Christian

Vergara, Juan Miguel

• Born on a moonlit Wednesday night, June 19,
1861
• Baptized 3 days later by Fr. Rufino Collantes
• Godfather – Fr. Pedro Casanas
• Born under the rule of Gov. General Jose
Lemery
• Father to Jose Rizal
• Born in Biñan, Laguna on May 11, 1818
• Studied Latin and Philosophy at the College of
San Jose, Manila
• Moved to Calamba after his parents’ death and
became a tenant-farmer in the Dominican-
owned Hacienda
• Died in Manila on January 5, 1898, age 80
• Mother to Jose Rizal
• Born in Manila on November 8, 1826
• Educated at the College of Santa Rosa
• A woman of refined culture, literary talent,
business ability and Spartan fortitude
• Died in Manila on August 16, 1911, age 85
1. Saturnina 9. Josefa
2. Paciano 10. Trinidad
3. Narcisa 11. Soledad
4. Olimpia
5. Lucia
6. Maria
7. Jose
8. Concepcion
• Married Manuel Hidalgo of Tanawan, Batangas
• A close confidant of Jose’s
• Joined the revolution as a combatant after
Jose’s death
• Lived as a farmer in Los Baños after the
revolution, where he died on April 13, 1930, at
age 79
• Did not marry, but fathered two children with
his mistress Severina Deceno
• Married a schoolteacher from Morong, Antonio
Lopez, who was Fr. Leoncio Lopez’s nephew
• Married a telegraph operator from Manila,
Silvestre Ubaldo
• Married Mariano Herbosa, nephew of Fr.
Casanas
• Married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan
• Peerless genius, Hero of the Filipino People
• Lived with Josephine Bracken, and Irish woman
from Hong Kong, during his exile in Dapitan
• Had a son with her who he named Francisco
after his father, who died hours after his birth.
• Died at the age of 3, Rizal’s first sorrow in life
• Died a spinster at age 80
• Died a spinster at age 83
• Leader of the Filipina Feminist Activist
Movement
• Youngest of the Rizal children
• Married Pantaleon Quintero of Calamba
The relationship between the Rizal siblings was
affectionately cordial. He referred to his sisters as
Doña or Señora if they were married, or Señorita
if they were unmarried. He looked up to Paciano
as like a second father, who gave him advice. He
then immortalizes him as Pilosopo Tasyo in the
Noli Me Tangere
Mixture of races of Rizal:
• Negrito
• Indonesian
• Malay
• Chinese
• Japanese and
• Spanish
Domingo Lamco
• Great-great grand Father of Rizal
• From Fukien city of Changchow
• Also known as "Lam Cua", "Cua Yi Lam", "Ke Yi-
nan"
• A Chinese merchant
• Arrived in Manila on 1690
Ines de la rosa
• Great-great grandmother of Rizal
• A wealthy merchant
Francisco Mercado
•Son of Ines and Domingo
•Elected as gobernadorcillo of Biñan
•Married Cirila Bernacha
Juan mercado
•Son of Francisco and Cirila
•Married Cirila Alejandro - a Chinese
Filipino mestiza
•Elected as gobernadorcillo of Biñan
Francisco Mercado
• Son of Ines and Domingo
• Elected as gobernadorcillo of Biñan
• Married Cirila Bernacha
Juan Mercado
• Son of Francisco and Cirila
• Married Cirila Alejandro - a Chinese Filipino
mestiza
• Elected as gobernadorcillo of Biñan
Francisco Mercado II
• Rizal's father
• Youngest Son of Juan and Cirila
• His father died when he was 8 years old
• Studied Latin and philosophy at College of San
Jose in manila
• Married Teodora Alonzo Realonda on June 28,
1884
• Lived in Calamba, farming and business is their
main source of income
Great- great grandfather: Eugenio Ursua
• from Japanese ancestry
Great-great grandmother: Benigna Ursua

Great-Grandmother: Regina Ursua

Great grandfather: Manuel de Quintos
• A Filipino-Chinese lawyer from Pangasinan
Grandmother: Brigida Quintos
• One of the daughters of Atty. Quintos
Grandfather: Lorenzo Alberto Alonzo
• A famous mestizo of Biñan, a Spanish-Filipino

Teodora Alonzo Realonda

Descended From Lakandula - Ruler of pre-
colonial Tondo
• Mercado is a Spanish term that means market in
English
• Domingo decided to use that surname because he
is a merchant on 1731
• Rizal means “a field where wheat is cut, while still
green, spouts again,” originally a Spanish word for
rice fields
• The surname Rizal was given by the alcade-mayor
or provincial governor of Laguna who was a family
friend
• Dr. Jose Rizal is the only “Rizal” on their home,
because Rizal’s parents, sisters and brothers
preferred to use the “Mercado” as their surname
• Stone house or bahay na bato
• Located in Calamba situated near the town church
• It is a two-storey building, rectangular shaped, built in
adobe stones and hardwoods with a red tiled roof
• Earthquake proof
• Thick wall of limestone
• Sliding shell window
• There is an azotea at the back and raindrop collector for
home use, a “deep cistern”
• At the back there is a poultry, full of chicken and turkey
and a big garden containing tropical fruits like atis,
papaya santol and etc.
• They rent their farm from the Dominicans,
harvesting rice, corns, sugar canes, and they
have pigs, chickens and turkeys in their
backyards, they have rice mill and do
homemade ham press
• Rizal’s are distinguished as, honest, hard
workers, and frugal living, proof of which are
• They are able to build a large stone house
• They have a carriage - a four wheeled vehicle pulled
by a horse, symbol of illustrados
• A private library the - largest library in Calamba
• All their children studied college in Manila
The Home life of the Rizals
• They are contented
• Don Francisco and Doña Teodora loved their sons
and daughter but not to the extent that they
spoiled them, they are strict and they trained their
children to love God and behave well, they also
spanked as a disciplinary action to their child “spare
the rod and spoil the child”
• Under the roof they respect all the visitors
disregarding the rank, color, or social position.
• They are religious, they attend mass, they do rosary
before sleeping, they pray together at home
• They also have enough time to play as children
Ramos, Katherine Joy
San Pedro, Patricia Nicole
• A picturesque town nestling on a verdant plain
covered with irrigated rice fields and sugar-
lands. With the view of the legendary Mount
Makiling on the south, the inland lake of songs
and emerald waters of Laguna de Bay on the
east and the famous shrine of the miraculous
Lady of Peace and Good Voyage on the north.
• Rizal loved Calamba with all his heart and soul
and as he longed for it while studying at the
Ateneo de Manila, he wrote a poem about it
called Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo (In my Memory of
My Town)
• As a weak and sickly child, Young Rizal was given tender
care in his early age. His father built a small nipa cottage
for him to play with in the daytime.
• At nightfall, her mother would gather all the children at
the house to pray the Angelus
• Later that night, under the moonlit sky, the aya (nurse
maid) would tell the Rizal children stories about fairies,
tales about buried treasures, a tree blooming with
diamonds and other fabulous stories. As a child his aya
also threatened himbwith stories of tikbalang, nuno,
asuang, and a turbaned bombay.
• Another memory from his infancy is when his aya takes
him out for nocturnal walks under the moonlit skies.
• "When i was four years old, I lost my little sister
Concha, and then for the first time I shed tears
caused by love and grief"
• Jose was a year older than Concha. He was very
fond of her little sister. She died of sickness in
1865 when she was three years old.
• As a devout Catholic, his mother taught him the
Catholic prayers. At the age of three, he began
to take part in the family prayers.
• At the age of five he was able to read haltingly
the Spanish family Bible.
• Being seriously devout at the young age, he was
laughingly called "Manong Jose".
• Father Leoncio Lopez is one of the men he
esteemed and respected. He used to pay him a
visit to listen to his opinions on current events
and philosophy of life.
• In June 1868, Jose, with his father left Calamba and
went to Antipolo to make their mother's vows. As
young Jose was very excited on his first cruise in
Laguna de Bay he didn't sleep the whole night and
witnessed the beautiful sunrise from the bay. Many
years later, he wrote of this experience He said:

"With what pleasure I saw sunrise; for the first time I

saw how luminous rays shone, producing brilliant
effect on the ruffled surface of the wide lake"
• Of all the stories told by his mother, the story of
the moth has made a profoundest impression
on him.

• At the age of five, he began to sketch with his

pencil and to mould in clay and wax objects
which attracted his fancy.
• At the age six, he would spend more time
making clay models than playing games.
• At the age of six, Rizal wrote his first poem "Sa
Aking mga Kababata" which reveals his
nationalism at such an early age.

• Again at the age eight, Rizal wrote his first Tagalog

drama comedy which was played at Calamba
festival and was delightedly applauded.
• A gobernadorcillo from Paete, a town in Laguna
happened to witness the drama and bought the
manuscript and it was staged at the festival of
Paete.
• In his early manhood, Rizal became interested
in magic. With his dexterous hand, he
entertained the town folks. He read books and
watched the shoes of the greatest magicians.
We can see his wide knowledge in magic at his
novel El Filibusterismo Chapter XVII and XVIII.
• Accompanied by his dog during twilight hours
of summer time, Rizal used to meditate at the
shore of Laguna de Bay a lot.
• He would grieve about the happy situation of
his beloved fatherland.
• In the lives of all men there are influences which cause
some to be great and others not. Rizal had all the
favorable influences:
- Hereditary Influence - according to biological
science, there are inherent qualities which a person
inherits from ancestors and parents. From his Malayan
ancestors, Rizal inherited his love for freedom, innate
desire to travel and courage. From his Chinese ancestors,
his serious nature, frugality, patience and love for
children. From his Spanish ancestors, he got his elegance
of bearing, sensitive to insults and gallantry to ladies.
From his father, a profound sense of self-respect, the love
of work and independent thinking. From his mother, his
religious nature, spirit of self-sacrifice and his passion for
art and literature.
- Environmental Influence - His scenic town of
Calamba, the religious atmosphere at their home. His
brother Paciano instilled in his mind the love for
freedom and justice. From his sisters, he learned to
be courteous and kind to women. Father Leoncio
Lopes fostered his love for scholarship and
intellectual honesty. The loss of Conchita made his
family stronger. The abuse and cruelty of the
Spaniard had opened his eyes and awakened his
spirit of patriotism and inspired him to consecrate his
life and talents to redeem his oppressed people.
- Aid of Divine Providence - Rizal was
providentially destined to be the pride and glory of
his nation.
Ferry, Crystal Joy
Pagibitan Jr., Ruben
• The early education of Jose in Calamba and Biñan,
Laguna. As a son of an ilustrado or educated family
receiving proper education is typical.
• The education was characterized by four R’s –
reading, writing, arithmetic, and religion.
• The lessons are forced into the minds of the
students as teachers was accompanied by a whip.
• Although Spanish elementary education is rigid and
strict, Jose pushed through it and got college work
in Manila and later on, and abroad.
• The first teacher of Jose was his mother, Doña
Teodora Alonso Realonda teaching him alphabet
and the prayers “My Mother”.
• Doña Teodora saw the talent of poetry on Jose at a
young age, encouraging him to write poems.
• Jose grew older and his parents hired private tutors
that will teach him lessons at home.
• The first was Maestro Celestino and the next is
Maestro Lucas Padua, the last one is Leon Monroy,
which is Jose’s father classmate that teaches Jose
Spanish and Latin, but he died 5 months later.
• After Monroy died, Jose’s parents sent him to a
private school in Biñan
• In June, 1896 Jose departed for Biñan, which he
was accompanied by Paciano who acted as his
second father. After they got into Biñan they
came into their aunt’s house to lodge.
• The next morning Paciano brought his younger
brother to the school of Maestro Justiniano Aquino
Cruz, Paciano knew the teacher quite well because
he had been his pupil. He introduced Jose to the
teacher, after which he departed to return to
Calamba.
• The teacher given Jose a seat and immediately
asked him a question if he knows Latin and Spanish,
Jose answered by “A little sir”.
• Pedro, the teacher’s son and the boys in the class
laughed at Jose’s answers which the teacher
stopped all noises immediately and began the
lessons.
• In the afternoon of his first day in school, Jose met the
bully, Pedro. Jose was angry at him for making fun of
him.
• Jose challenged Pedro to a fight in which Pedro readily
accepted it. The two boys wrestled in the classroom but
Jose having learned the art of wrestling from his Tio
Manuel defeated Pedro and became popular among his
classmates.
• After the class, a classmate named Andres Salandanan
challenged him to an arm-wrestling match in which Jose
lost due to having a weaker arm.
• On the succeeding days Jose had several fights with the
boys of Biñan, he was not quarrelsome by nature, but
he never ran away from a fight.
• Jose, met an old painter near the school called
Juancho. Jose spent many hours at the painter’s
studio and Juancho freely gave him lessons in
drawing and painting. He was impressed by
Jose’s artistic talent.
• Jose and his classmate, Jose Guevarra that also
loved painting became the apprentices of the
old painter in which they improved their art
from time to time and they became “the
favorite painters of the class”.
• Jose lived a simple life in Biñan which contributes in his
future development. It strengthened his body and soul.
• Jose recorded his daily life in Biñan in his memoirs.
• When Jose heared the four o’clock Mass he will go into there
and afterwards going to the orchard to look for a mabolo to
eat. Breakfast consisting of dish of rice and two dried small
fish. Then going to the class and going out at ten o’clock. If
there was a special dish, Leandro and I took some of it to the
house of his children and I return without saying a word. I ate
with them and afterwards I studied. I went to school at two
and came out at five. I pray a short a while then I studied my
lesson, I drew a little and took my supper consisting of two
dishes of rice with an ayungin, a fish. We prayed and if there
was a moon, my nieces invited me to play in the streets.
Thank God that I never got sick away from my parents.
• Jose excels in an array of subjects,
outperforming all of the Biñan boys. His
classmates frequently smear his reputation by
lying to their teacher because of his intellectual
superiority. He even said that it would be
unusual day for him if he is not being punished.
• Before Christmas in 1870, Jose received a letter
from his sister Saturnina informing him that the
steamer Talim would transport him to Calamba.
He was unhappy to be departing, so he prayed,
collected pebbles as souvenirs, and said his
goodbyes to his classmates.
• Jose left Biñan at December 17, 1870 on a
Saturday Afternoon.
• Arturo Camps, a Frenchman took care of Jose.
• On January 18, 1872, 200 Filipino workers and
soldiers at the Cavite Arsenal, led by Lamadrid,
erupted in a riot after Governor Rafael de Izquierdo
removed their usual privileges. Unfortunately, it
was suppressed two days after.
• The failed mutiny was magnified and was seen by
the Spanish authorities as a revolt for the
Independence of the Philippines. This was done in
order to liquidate the Gom-Bur-Za’s movement to
Filipinize the Philippine parishes.
• Gom-Bur-Za was executed on February 17, 1872,
despite of the archbishop’s plea for clemency.
• Paciano and all his other schoolmates and teachers
quit studying at the College of San Jose and
returned to Calamba, to share the heroic story of
Burgos to Jose.
• This martyrdom inspired Rizal to fight the Spanish
tyranny and redeem his oppressed people.
• April 18, 1889, Jose wrote a letter for Mariano
Ponce. Saying that he will never forget 1872 which
molded him into what he is now, awakened and
devoted to one day avenge the victims.
• 1891, El Filibusterismo was dedicated to the Gom-
Bur-Za.
• Before June 1872, Doña Teodora was arrested on a
malicious charge that she and Jose Alberto tried to
poison the latter’s wife.
• Jose Alberto is a rich Biñan ilustrado. While he was
on a business trip in Europe, his wife abandoned
their house and kids to live with another man. He
planned to divorce his wife, but Doña Teodora
urged him to forgive her to avoid a family scandal.
• The problem was settled and they lived together
again, but his evil wife wanted to ruin them. His
wife and the Spanish lieutenant filed a complaint
accusing Jose Alberto and Doña Teodora of
attempting to poison her.
• With the help of Antonio Vivencio de Rosario, Calamba’s
gobernadorcillo, the lieutenant detained Doña Teodora
as a revenge against the Rizal Family.
• The lieutenant forced Doña Teodora to walk from
Calamba to Santa Cruz, and was incarcerated at the
provincial prison. The Manila Royal Audencia acquitted
her of the alleged crime after two years and a half in
that prison.
• Jose recorded this incidence in his student memoirs.
• Famous lawyers of Manila such as Messrs. Francisco de
Marcaida and Manuel Marzan defended Rizal’s mother.
They were successful, but she was sick and separated
from her family for two and a half years.
Bondoc, Nicole Lei
Valera, Noemi
Four months after the martyrdom of
Gom-Bur-Za and Donya Teodora still in
prison, the 10-year-old Jose Rizal was
sent to Manila to study.
• College under the supervision of Spanish
Jesuits.
• Bitter rival of the Dominican-owned College of
San Juan de Letran.
• Formerly Escuela Pia (Charity School) for poor
boys in Manila established in 1817.
• In 1859, name was changed to Ateneo
Municipal by the Jesuits and later became the
Ateneo de Manila.
• June 10, 1872 – Rizal, accompanied by Paciano,
went to Manila to take the entrance
examinations on Christian Doctrine, arithmetic,
and reading at College of San Juan de Letran,
and passed them all.
• His father wished him to study at Letran but he
changed his mind and decided to send Jose at
Ateneo instead.
• Father Magin Fernando – college registrar of
Ateneo Municipal, refused to admit Jose who’s
at that time is eleven years old because:
• a. He was late for registration and
• b. He was sickly and undersized for his age
• Manuel Xerez Burgos – nephew of Father
Burgos; upon his intercession, Jose Rizal was
admitted at Ateneo.
• Jose used “Rizal” instead of Mercado because
the name “Mercado” had come under suspicion
of the Spanish authorities.
• Boarded in a house outside Intramuros,
Caraballo Street, 25 minutes’ walk from college,
owned by a spinster named Titay who owed
Rizal family 300 pesos.
• The system of education in Ateneo is advanced
from other colleges that period.
• Jesuit trained the character of the student by
rigid discipline, humanities, and religious
instruction
• Promotes physical culture, fine arts, and
scientific studies.
• The students heard Mass in the morning before
the beginning of daily class; classes were
opened and closed with prayers
Students were divided into two groups:
• Roman Empire – consisting of the internos
(boarders) with red banners
• Carthaginian Empire – composed of the externos
(non-boarders) with blue banners
Each of these empires had its rank, and students
fought for positions
• 1st best: EMPEROR
• 2nd best: TRIBUNE
• 3rd best: DECURION
• 4th best: CENTURION
• 5th best: STANDARD-BEARER
Any student could challenge any officer in his
“empire” to answer questions on the day’s lesson;
with 3 mistakes, one could lose his position
• Fr. Jose Bech – first professor of Rizal
• Rizal was placed at the bottom of the class
since he was a newcomer and knows little
Spanish;
• He was an externo and was assigned to
Carthaginians;
• At the end of the month, he became emperor
of his empire; the brightest pupil of his class
• Took private lessons in Santa Isabel College and
paid 3 pesos for extra Spanish lessons
• Placed 2nd at the end of the year, with all
grades still marked excellent
• March 1873 – Rizal returned to Calamba for
summer vacation.
• His sister Neneng (Saturnina) brought him to
Tanawan to cheer him up.
• Visited his mother in prison at Santa Cruz
without telling his father.
• After vacation, he returned to Manila for his
2nd year term in Ateneo.
• Boarded inside Intramuros at No. 8 Magallanes
Street.
• Doña Pepay – landlady and old widow with a
widowed daughter and four sons.
• Rizal lost the leadership; he repented and even
studied harder, and once more becoming an
emperor
• He received excellent grades in all subjects and
a gold medal
• He had 3 classmates from Biñan who had also
been his classmates in the school of Maestro
Justiniano
• Doña Teodora told her son of her dream the
previous night;
• Rizal, interpreting the dream, told her that she
would be released from prison in 3 months’
time, and became true
• Doña Teodora likened his son to the youthful
Joseph in the Bible in his ability to interpret
dreams
• The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexander Dumas
– Jose Rizal’s first favorite novel
• Also read non-fiction, Cesar Cantu’s historical
work Universal History
• He also read Travels in the Philippines by Dr.
Feodor Jagor, German who visited the
Philippines in 1859-1860
• In this book, he foretold that someday Spain
would lose the Philippines and that America
would come to succeed here as colonizer
• Shortly after the opening of classes, his mother was
released from prison
• Rizal did not make an excellent showing in his
studies
• He failed to win the medal in Spanish because his
spoken was not fluently sonorous

• June 16, 1875 – he became an interno in Ateneo

• Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez – inspired him to study
harder and write poetry;
• Rizal described him as “model of uprightness,
earnestness, and love for the advancement of his
pupils”
• He returned to Calamba with 5 medals and excellent
ratings
• June 1876 – last year of Rizal in Ateneo.
• The most brilliant Atenean of his time;
• “The Pride of the Jesuits”
• Obtained highest grades in all subjects
• Excellent scholastic records from 1872-1877
• March 23, 1877 – Commencement Day
• 16 year-old Rizal received the degree of Bachelor of
Arts with highest honors
• Carved an image of The Virgin Mary on a piece
of batikuling (Philippine hardwood).
• Father Lleonart requested him to carve an
image of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. Ateneo
students placed the image on the door of the
dormitory and remained there for many years
• Felix M. Ramos – one of Rizal’s contemporaries
in Ateneo.
• Manuel Xeres Burgos – whose house Rizal
boarded shortly before he became an inferno.
• Mi Primera Inspiracion (My First Inspiration) –
first poem he wrote for his mother’s birthday.
• Al Niño Jesus (To the Child Jesus) – a brief ode;
written in 1875 when he was 14 years old.
• A La Virgen Maria (To the Virgin Mary).

• Father Sanchez, his favorite teacher, ask him to

write a drama based on the prose story of St.
Eustace the Martyr.
• Summer 1876 in Calamba - he wrote the religious
drama in poetic verses.
• June 02, 1876 - finished the manuscript.
• He submitted the finished manuscript entitled “San
Eustacio, Martir” (St. Eustace, the Martyr) to Father
Sanchez in his last academic year in Ateneo.
• 16 years old - Rizal experienced his first romance.
• Segunda Katigba - a pretty 14 years old Batangueña
from Lipa; sister of his friend Mariano Katigbak.
• His sister Olimpia was a close friend of Segunda in
La Concordia College.
• Segunda was already engaged to Manuel Luz. His
first romance was ruined by his own shyness and
reserve.
• Segunda returned to Lipa and later married Manuel
Luz. Rizal remained in Calamba, a frustrated lover,
cherishing nostalgic memories of lost love.