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Procedia Computer Science 135 (2018) 52–59

3rd International Conference on Computer Science and Computational Intelligence 2018

3rd International Conference on Computer Science and Computational Intelligence 2018
The Design and Game Mechanic of Combined Game Application
The Design and Game Mechanic
Prototype of Combined
for Learning Game Application
Social Business
Prototype for Learning Social Business
Ida Bagus Kerthyayana Manuabaa
Ida Bagus Kerthyayana Manuabaa
a
Computer Science Program, Faculty of Computing and Media, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia
a Email: imanuaba@binus.edu
Computer Science Program, Faculty of Computing and Media, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia
Email: imanuaba@binus.edu

Abstract
Abstract
Modern technology allows people to utilize mobile devices as innovative media for education’s game. One of the innovations
Modern “Combinedallows
known astechnology Game”people
concept, which is
to utilize mixingdevices
mobile a digital
asform and real-life
innovative mediaobjects for a gamegame.
for education’s environment.
One of theIn another area,
innovations
there
knownisasalso phenomenon
“Combined Game” of business
concept, concept
which is known
mixing as “Socialform
a digital Business”. Social
and real-life Business
objects for ahas been
game introduced In
environment. Muhammad
byanother area,
Yunus,
there is an awardee
also of Nobel
phenomenon of Peace
businessPrize for founding
concept Gramen
known asthe“Social Bank andSocial
Business”. Microcredit
Businessconcept.
has beenToday, the concept
introduced of Social
by Muhammad
Business
Yunus, anhas also been
awardee enthused
of Nobel Peaceby Prize
peoplefor
around
foundingthe world. A lot of
the Gramen communities,
Bank including
and Microcredit educational
concept. Today,institutions,
the concepthave been
of Social
introduced
Business has this concept
also in their learning
been enthused by peoplematerials.
around Applying
the world.aACombine Game concept,
lot of communities, especially
including to learn and
educational understand
institutions, further
have been
about the basic
introduced this concept
concept ofinSocial Business,
their learning could become
materials. a potential
Applying solution
a Combine forconcept,
Game an interactive learning
especially media.
to learn andThis paper describes
understand further
the
aboutdevelopment of a Combined
the basic concept Game application
of Social Business, as a media
could become to introduce
a potential solutionSocial Business tolearning
for an interactive people media.
in moreThis
interactive and fun
paper describes
way. This paper describes
the development the design
of a Combined Game andapplication
mechanic of as the combined
a media game application.
to introduce In addition,
Social Business an initial
to people in moretesting was conducted
interactive and fun
to seeThis
way. howpaper
long playing
describestime
theisdesign
requiredandtomechanic
play for each
of thelevel on thisgame
combined gameapplication.
prototype. From this initial
In addition, testingtesting
an initial this game found that
was conducted
it
tohas
see unique
how longgameplay
playingwhere
time isthe winnertoofplay
required eachforlevel
eachoflevel
the game
on thiscannot
game be predicted.
prototype. From this initial testing this game found that
it has unique gameplay where the winner of each level of the game cannot be predicted.
© 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
© 2018
This
© 2018 The
is an open
The Authors. Published
accessPublished
Authors. by Elsevier
article under
by Elsevier Ltd.
the CC BY-NC-ND
Ltd. license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Selection
This is an and
openpeer-review under
access article responsibility
under of the 3rdlicense
the CC BY-NC-ND International Conference on Computer Science and Computational
(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the 3rd International Conference on Computer Science and Computational
Intelligence
Selection and2018.
peer-review
Intelligence 2018. under responsibility of the 3rd International Conference on Computer Science and Computational
Intelligence 2018.
Keywords: Social Business; Design and Mechanic; Combined Game; Game Prototype; Playing Time;
Keywords: Social Business; Design and Mechanic; Combined Game; Game Prototype; Playing Time;

1. Introduction
1. Introduction
Social Business is a business concept term that has been introduced by Muhammad Yunus in 2014 1. He describes
Social
Social Business
Business is a business business
as cause-driven concept term thatbeen
that has has been introduced
created by Muhammad
and designed Yunus
to overcome socialinproblems.
2014 1. HeIndescribes
this type
Social
of Business
business, as cause-driven
the owner business could
or the investment that has been created
gradually andthe
retrieve designed to overcome
money invested. social problems.
However, In allowing
they are not this type
of business, the owner or the investment could gradually retrieve the money invested. However, they are not allowing
1877-0509 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
This is an open
1877-0509 access
© 2018 Thearticle under
Authors. the CC BY-NC-ND
Published license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
by Elsevier Ltd.
Selection
This is an and
openpeer-review under
access article responsibility
under of the 3rdlicense
the CC BY-NC-ND International Conference on Computer Science and Computational Intelligence 2018.
(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the 3rd International Conference on Computer Science and Computational Intelligence 2018.

1877-0509 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the 3rd International Conference on Computer Science and Computational
Intelligence 2018.
10.1016/j.procs.2018.08.149
 Ida Bagus Kerthyayana Manuaba / Procedia Computer Science 135 (2018) 52–59 53
2 Ida Bagus Kerthyayana Manuaba/ Procedia Computer Science 00 (2018) 000–000

to receive any dividend from the business profit beyond the point. The purpose of Social Business concept is purely
making all the investment to address social problem through the task of the company. Personal gain by the investor or
owner is prohibited. Several social problems that need to be addressed are, for example, healthcare, housing, financial
services for the poor, nutrition for malnourished children, providing safe drinking water, or can be introducing
renewable energy.
The term of Social Business becomes more popular since it rises awareness of people to their environment and
social problem. Social Business has been introduced in major university around the world. Supported by Yunus
foundation, Social Business has been spread to the world through education institution and workshop activities 2.
However, many people still misunderstood about the term of Social Business with Corporate Social Responsibility
(CSR).
The main different between Social Business and CSR is the objective to making profit. Social Business concept is
using all the profit to address social problem and sacrifice the individual gain. In the other hand, CSR is a movement
that being applied for a company to sue some proportion from their business profit to help community. In learning and
understanding better about Social Business concept, there are seven principles of Social Business 3 that need to be
understood. These principles are the main concepts that has been taught to student when they learn about Social
Business.
In addition, today, games have been utilized in many education scenarios 4 5 . Utilizing a game for education become
popular since people could learn about something in fun and more interactive way. Playing an education game could
improve people ability to understand a concept by experience it, compare to when they are learning only by reading a
book or listening an explanation from a teacher 6. Hence, using education game could become a potential solution for
an interactive media to learn and understand about the basic concept of Social Business.
This paper describes the design and mechanic of a game development as a media to introduce and identify all the
seven principles of Social Business through a game. The concept of combined game is applied to provide the players
with experience and simulation of business scenario in Social Business concept. This paper also describes an initial
testing to see how long this game prototype could be played and ensure the game mechanic is working.

2. Combined Game Concept

The term “Combined Game” has been presented by Rudy Game GmbH 7. It is an Austria game company that found
a brilliant idea how to combine modern technology in smart devices with classical board game. The game that has
been produces known by title “LEADERS: A Combined Game”. This game is a strategy game that could take up to
six players back to the Cold War era. In this game, each player has an objective in striving to attain world domination.
They will use their skill in diplomacy to forge powerful alliances, also in researching ground-breaking technologies to
give player the decisive edge. Player could also dispatch secret agents to procure classified information about their
opponents. They also could participate in missions on behalf of the international community, and demonstrate military
power and conquer new areas.

Fig 1. LEADERS: A Combined Game by Rudy Game GmbH 7.

Besides “LEADERS” game, Rudy Game GmbH has also produced another combined game named
“INTERACTION”. This game could be played up to nine players compete in five categories, which are knowledge,
creativity, action, social and games. No matter if the player is a Brainiac or an athlete, old or young, this game puts
all players’ senses and talents to the test. This game also gets to know each player and adapts the game tasks to player
54 Ida Bagus Kerthyayana Manuaba / Procedia Computer Science 135 (2018) 52–59
Author name / Procedia Computer Science 00 (2018) 000–000 3

interests and age automatically.

Looked into these two examples, Rudy Game GmbH have successfully used a “Combined Game” concept into
their game production. Not only bring new interactivity, they also introduce a new approach how to educate the player
in different way. Based on this combined game concept approach, next section will describe the design, mechanic and
scenario of the proposed game application to introduce Social Business Concept.

3. The Design, Game Mechanic and Scenario

The main objective of this game development is to create a media to identify and also learn about the concept of
seven social business principles implementation, while people are having fun and enjoying the game scenario. In this
game prototype, these principles are introduced as the primary learning objectives. Further detail about all the seven
social business principles could be found here 3 and will be discussed more detail in game mechanic and scenario
section below. In the purpose of learning these principles, the game has been designed with four different levels. As
an initial development stage, the scenario of the game is set to be played with maximum of four players. The target
audience of this proposed game is focused for students with no age limitation.
As a combined game application. This game is using a mobile device to run the game application and also an
actual board game as the main stage including the miniatures. Below are the complete requirements for playing the
game:

3.1. A board.

This board is one of main component in this combined game. The design of the board can be seen in Fig 2.

Descriptions
• factories area - When an avatar stops at the factories
area means that a player could build a factory on it.
• market area - this area is used to buy Raw Material
• customer area – this area is used for players to sell their
product to customer
• salary area - when an avatar stop at or step-in on this
symbol area, they will receive Money for salary.
• bonus area - this symbol area give a Money for player
that stop in this area.
• tax area – application will deduct player’s money
automatically when they stop in this area. The amount
of the tax will be multiplied by the number of owned
factories.

Fig 2. Sample of Game Board’s Design and Descriptions.

3.2. Avatars and Factory Miniatures

This game is designed to be played with maximum four players at the same time. Each player is represented with
an avatar. During the gameplay, the avatars could build factories as one of the game’s goal, they could place a factory
miniature to assign their factory on the factory area. The factories in this game is representing the problem area that
become a main concern in social business principles, which are education, environment, health, poverty, and
technology. The representation of the avatar and factory miniatures can be seen in Fig 3.
4 Ida Kerthyayana
Ida Bagus Bagus Kerthyayana Manuaba
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Procedia ComputerComputer Science
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(2018) (2018) 52–59
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Fig 3. Avatar and Factory Miniatures.

3.3. A tablet preinstalled with the game app.

The rest of the components of the game will be available in digital form. All the digital components below are
available in app, such as:

• Problem and Info Cards

In this game, there are two type of cards that will be provided randomly when a player stops at a certain area.
These two cards are named as Problem card and Info card.
The Problem card consists of all problems that become the main concern in this Social Business scenario. There
are five area of problems which are Poverty, Health, Education, Technology and Environments. Besides providing
the information on the problems in social business scenario, this game provides these cards to be used for players
as a prerequisite for building factories, which are one of many goals in the game to be achieved. This card is
generated and located randomly by the application, and where a player steps into the assigned area, they require
to pick a Problem card, See Fig 4(a).
The second card type, Info card, is a card that being used to deliver information that related with Social Business,
see Fig 4(b) for more detail. This card describes most of general knowledges that necessary in learning about
Social Business. This card shows a general knowledge in the form of true or false statement, and provides the
player with extra money or step as a reward when the statement is a true information. As the opposite, a player
could be punished by losing their money or step when the information provided is false information. This card
aims to educate players with general knowledge on Social Business concept. The information of these two cards
are connected to a database so they could be modified and expanded in the future.

Fig 4. (a) Example of Problem Cards that shows problems that need to be addressed in running Social Business (b) Example of Info Card.

• Player Profile
All players are required to input their name when start the game. It will be used to create a profile of each player
56 Ida Bagus Kerthyayana Manuaba / Procedia Computer Science 135 (2018) 52–59
Author name / Procedia Computer Science 00 (2018) 000–000 5

on the application since all assets that belong to the player are recorded and saved to database for each player. The
example of the player profile interface shows on Fig 5.

Fig 5. Game Interface shows player’s profile and the owning assets (e.g.: Own of Problem cards, Factories, Raw Materials, and Products)

• Money and Dice

Money is one of assets that being used in this game. It is attached into a player’s profile. It will be added or
subtracted automatically when a player receives an Info card. Money deduction is also occurred automatically
when a player builds a factory, buys raw materials or stops at the Tax area. In contrary, the Money will be added
automatically when a player sells products to customer, stop at the Bonus area, or walk through Payday area.
The other game component is a dice. The dice is available in the application when a player press a “start game”
button from their player’s profile. It is assigned automatically to a player when his/her turn is available.

3.4. Game Mechanic and Scenario

Most information about the game mechanic and scenario are provided through the mobile application where the
actual board is being used to simulate the interaction between the players. The mechanic and scenario of each level
are describes below:
At the initial level, all players need to create a profile on the Mobile application. A player requires to have an
avatar and locate it on the Start area. Next, the game will be started by the 1st player rolling the dice from the mobile
application. All players need to move their avatar on the game-board based on the dice result. At the same time, they
also need to perform some activities to meet the goal set for each level. A number of conditions and goals are set into
each level. These conditions are used to edge the activities of all players. The activities will be varied depend on the
learning objective on each level. Some examples of the activities are creating factories, buying raw materials, or
generating income to address social problems.
For each level, players will comply one or two of the seven principles of social business to advance to the next
level. The game is inspired by monopoly game, but with different scenarios and goals. A player that could successfully
met the goal is awarded as the winner each game’s level. When a player wins a level, the new goal for the next level
will be opened to be played. However, the remaining players are required to complete all the goals of each level before
they continue to the next level.
1st Level – This level teaches the 1st principle of Social Business which is: “Business objective will be to overcome
poverty, or one or more problems (such as education, health, technology access, and environment) which threaten
 Ida Bagus Kerthyayana Manuaba / Procedia Computer Science 135 (2018) 52–59 57
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people and society; not profit maximization”. Hence this level aims to introduce all problem areas that need to be
addressed in running Social Business. In this 1 st level, there is one goal that need to be achieved which is to collect
minimum 3 (three) Problem cards. In making the game more attractive and fun, this game allows a player to buy a
Problem card from the Bank. The purpose is to help the players to know about problem areas and reach the goal
competitively. However, the availability of the card is limited to 3 cards for each level. The price of the card will be
increased each time a player buys the card from the Bank. (for example, the card’s price is starting from $5 with $2
incremental).
2nd Level – In this level, all player will learn about the 2nd principles of Social Business which is: “financial and
economic sustainability”. Hence, there are two main goals that need to be achieved to win this level. The goals are
(1) A player need to build a factory, and (2) A player also need to produce minimal 5 products and get income minimal
$10 from selling the product. Here, all players will learn how to simulate and run simple proses in business to reach
financial and economic sustainability. However, in winning this level, there are several conditions that are needed to
be fulfilled by a player such as: collecting two similar Problem cards (e.g.: two Problem cards of Poverty) and also
pay for the factory’s building process.
As mentioned previously, the available factory types are grouped into five different factories which produce
different products. In building a factory, a player should stop at the area with Factory area. Each of Factory area could
accommodate up to three factories. In one Factory area, can also be used to build a factory by different players. To
simulate the building process, the factory can be used to produce product after taking one round of avatar’s movements
in game board.
In addition, a number of combination of raw material is required to produce a product. These raw materials must
be bought from Market area followed by available materials. After produce the product, all players could sell their
product at the Customer area. After completing all required goals, they will be rewarded and could continue to the
next level.
3rd Level – This level will teach the player another two principles of Social Business, which are 3 rd principle -
Investors get back their investment amount only. No dividend is given beyond investment money and 4th principle -
When investment amount is paid back, company profit stays with the company for expansion and improvement. In this
level, there are three main goals that need to be achieved to complete the level. They are: (1) A player requires to build
three factories. (2) A player requires to loan money from the Bank and Return it, and (3) Produce 30 products and
have income (exclude the loan) of $60. In this level, all players will learn how to get and manage investment money
and make company profit stays with the company for expansion and improvement.
Several conditions are set for this level to be fulfilled such as third factory can be built after second factory has
produced and has sold minimal 5 products, and the 1st maximum loan is $15 and for 2nd maximum loan is $35, and
the second loan only available after previous loan have been returned.
4th Level – in this level, the goals are to promote at least two customer areas with 3 stars’ rewards and to increase
the production speed to three times faster. In this level, all player will learn about the 5th principle - Environmentally
conscious and 6th principle - Workforce gets market wage with better working conditions. Hence this level could teach
them how to improve environmental consciousness and to workforce gets market wage with better working conditions.
The conditions of this level require a player to get a star symbol when a player successfully sold 30 same products at
Customer area. In order to achieve that, a player need to sell 60 same products. A player could also increase the speed
production process once when a player could produce 20 number of products each factory (minimum 2 factories). It
means to have the production speed three times faster a player need to have minimal two factories and each factory
produces 20 products two times. Hence the total products production is 80 in the same time.
When all players successfully complete all of four levels, a message that showing the last principle of Social
Business will appear. The last principle of Social Business is “...do it with joy”. So the purpose of this game could be
achieved by providing knowledge and simulation of social business scenarios in fun and interactive environment.

4. Initial Testing, Result and Discussion

After the game prototype completely developed, an initial test was required to see how long this game could be
played and also to ensure the game mechanic and scenario is suitable with the purposes of the game. For this initial
testing, this game prototype had been played by four voluntary students in Computer Science program at BINUS
University International. They tested the game twice. First time was on Thursday, 22nd of February 2018 at 14:00 and
then on Friday, 2nd of March 2018 at 13:300 in BINUS University International, Fx-Senayan Campus. On that time,
58 Ida Bagus Kerthyayana Manuaba / Procedia Computer Science 135 (2018) 52–59
Author name / Procedia Computer Science 00 (2018) 000–000 7

all volunteer students played the game prototype without prior knowledge about the game neither social business.
Here, they started to play the game by reading all the instructions provides on the tablet. They spent around three
minutes to read all provide instructions before they begin the game. For this testing purposes, all player movements
and playing time were recorded automatically in the history log of the game prototype. Table 1 below is the summary
of the Playing Time data per Level for both test days:

Table 1. Summary of Playing Time from the Initial Testing

1st Test Day (Thursday, 22nd of February 2018) 2nd Test Day (Friday, 2nd of March 2018)
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 3 Level 4
Volunteer 1 7 min 4 sec 21 min 23 sec *1 hr 37 min 18 sec 0 sec 1 hr 58 min 9 sec
Volunteer 2 24 min 9 sec 25 min 11 sec 1 hr 37 min 19 sec 34 min 11 sec *47 min 18 sec
Volunteer 3 *5 min 8 sec *17 min 4 sec 1 hr 37 min 19 sec 1 hr 58 min 9 sec 0 sec
Volunteer 4 8 min 21 sec 47 min 9 sec 1 hr 37 min 19 sec 19 min 48 sec 1 hr 12 sec
Note: (*) 1st Place; Playing time is recorded automatically per level per player.

Based on data from Table 1, the playing time for each player to complete each level is varied, for example in
Level 1, the average playing time of four players is 11 min 23 sec (SD = 8 min 34 sec). In this level, three volunteers
could complete Level 1 less than the average playing time with the fastest time is 5 min 8 sec by volunteer number 3.
For Level 2, the fastest of completion time is 17 min 4 sec which was recorded from volunteer number 3. The
rest of the players were following to complete Level 2 in 8 and 16 minutes afterward. One of the player left behind in
collecting two same Problem cards which was required as one of the game objectives to build a factory. However,
after 30 minutes the last player finally completed the Level 2 and join with the rest of the players to compete in Level
3. The average playing time for Level 2 is 27 min 42 sec (SD = 13 min 23 sec).
Based on the number of playing time, Level 3 brought more challenges for all players. After in total of playing
time was more than 2 hours, one of the players have successfully completed the Level 3 and also revealed the third
and fourth principles of Social Business. From data of playing time can be seen that the volunteer number 1 defeated
volunteer number 3 that won Level 1 and 2 previously. However, in that time, the game testing was stopped since
most of volunteers were feeling tired after played the Game more than 2 hours. Hence, the game session for the first
trial was postponed to another time in following next week.
On Friday, 2nd of March 2018, another trial had been conducted as continuation of the first trial. All the players
were remaining the same. By reconstructing the latest condition from history log from the first trial, they could
continue the game with similar conditions to the last week game. Volunteer 1 who completed Level 3 last week
continue to play the game directly from Level 4 where the rest still need to complete the Level 3. After they played
almost 20 minutes, volunteer number 4 had successfully completed the Level 3, followed by volunteer number 2
within around 14 minutes different.

Fig 6. Graph of Playing Time Per-Volunteer (includes the average playing time per level) in seconds.
 Ida Bagus Kerthyayana Manuaba / Procedia Computer Science 135 (2018) 52–59 59
8 Ida Bagus Kerthyayana Manuaba/ Procedia Computer Science 00 (2018) 000–000

Finally, after almost one hour of playing time, volunteer number 2 had successfully completed Level 4 and reveal
the fifth and six principles of Social Business. However, after near two hours playing this game prototype, the
volunteer number 3 seems to be left behind in level 3 while the rest of the players have successfully completed the
level 4. In the end, only one player (volunteer 2) could complete all four levels and revealed 6 of 7 principles. Based
on the data from these two testing days, it showed that the game mechanic on Level 3 required longer time compare
to the other levels. The summary of the average playing time per-level and per volunteer could be seen in graph below
(Fig. 6).
After each testing time, informal interview and discussion had also been conducted to check players
understanding and also to collect some feedback from them. As the result, all players could mention most of the
principles of social business correctly and also understand about the activity in social business scenario. A number of
feedbacks have also been given by them to improve the gameplay.

5. Conclusion

Developing an alternative learning media for Social Business is not a simple process, especially using a game for
the media. From this study showed that the design and mechanic of combined game has a potential to be used to teach
seven principles and general knowledge of Social Business. The concept of combined game has been adopted to
simulate the business process and scenario for the gameplay. Based on the design and development process, I found
that the balance of game mechanic and game assets are the important factor in developing this social business game.
Further testing is still required to see the usability of this game on how well it can be used to teach about Social
Business, but from the first initial testing could be concluded that this game has unique gameplay where the winner
of each level of the game cannot be predicted. It showed by the data that the player who in the last positions for level
1 and 2 could complete all the level for the first time.
Even though last principle of Social Business has not revealed yet since only one player could complete all the
stage, but I think all of them still having a good time when they do the trial. Based on the total average playing time
per-player which are 5 to 6 hours of playing time. This game can be categorised as a complex game which could
probably suitable for learning tools in class situation, where each level of the game could be played each week to teach
one or two principles of Social Business.
In the end, this study also shows a lot of potential of this game prototype as learning tools, however further
development and testing are still required to improve this game prototype.

Acknowledgements

This work has been supported by Bina Nusantara University. I personally would like to thank Angela Larasati,
Margaretha Jessica and Nathasya Diandra Putri for designing the assets of the game prototype. Thank also to Arvin,
Farhan, Ryan, and Mike for their time and feedbacks as volunteers at the initial testing of this game prototype.

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