Part 3 Prelude

Q: The term "Baroque" means misshapen, extravagant, or even distorted.

A: True

Which of the following took place during the

Baroque period?

Yes: The Florentine Camerata cultivated a "new

style," that emphasized homophonic textures in
music.

The establishment of major-minor tonality.

no:Emphasis was placed on monophonic

textures in music.

The establishment of pentatonic tonality.

Artists such as Bernini and Peter Paul Rubens created works that demonstrate the absence of
dramatic gestures in the Baroque era.

False
Which of the following were historical events of
the Baroque era?

true: the formulation of the theory of gravitation

by Sir Isaac Newton
the investigation of how the blood circulates by
William Harvey

false: the initiation of the Protestant

Reformation by Martin Luther

the invention of the printing press by Johannes

Gutenberg

What roles did women play in music during the Baroque era?

True: composers of secular music, singers, composers of sacred music

false: NONE
It was for the middle classes that the comic opera
and the novel, both genres filled with keen and witty
observations on life, came into being during the
Baroque era.

The Baroque era was characterized by peaceful relations between Protestants and Catholics.

False

Baroque composers often employed which of

the following techniques in an attempt to create
musical drama?
yes: dissonance, dramatic forte/piano contrasts

NO: static harmony

Which of the following was a hallmark of Baroque

performance?
yes: increased virtuosity, increased improvisation

no: no variation in dynamics, performing the work

strictly as written

The members of the Florentine Camerata realized

that the new style was applicable to entire dramas as
well as to short poems, leading to “drama through
music,” or what we now call opera.

Female musicians, particularly singers, experienced

expanded roles in Baroque music life. Two singers,
Francesca Cacciniand Barbara Strozzi, were among
the earliest female composers to publish their works.

The Baroque marks the introduction of solo song

with instrumental accompaniment, called the “new
style” in Florence.

In the major-minor tonal system, what is the

most important note?

Tonic

Claudio Monteverdi was a composer who lived during the Baroque Era.
Yes

The rise of opera popularized virtuosic male

soprano roles in Baroque dramas; these roles
were sung by singers known by what name?
Castrato
The Baroque system of figured bass allowed
the performer to:

fill in the harmonies

Absolute monarchy, exemplified by Louis XIV of France, was the main form of European
government during the Baroque.

Yes

In comparison to the Renaissance, Baroque music is

characterized by a texture wherein a single melody
stands out known as homophony

As musical instruments developed technically, the level of virtuosity rose in the Baroque.

Yes

The most notable Baroque innovation was the

“drama through music,” which we now call opera.

It was for the middle classes that the comic opera

and the novel, both genres filled with keen and witty
observations on life, came into being during the
Baroque era.

Quiz 18

What is "Thy hand, Belinda," as sung by Dido in

Purcell’s opera?

recitative

The libretto for Purcell’s opera Dido and Aeneas is

based on –

The Aeneid
Which of the following does not describe Henry
Purcell’s life and career?

He was born in London.

Which of the following correctly describes Henry

Purcell's Dido and Aeneas?

Yes:The opera ends tragically.

It is based on Virgil's Aeneid.

It was first performed at a girls' school in

London.

No: Dido and Aeneas live happily ever after.

The work is sung in Italian.

Which of the following dramatic works were
composed Henry Purcell?

Yes: Dido and Aeneas

The Fairy Queen

no: The Magic Flute, Orfeo

Early opera was originally designed to reflect the manner in which seventeenth-century
aristocrats sung their conversations to each other on a daily basis.

false

Which of the following are purely instrumental sections that can be included in an opera?

Yes: overture, sinfonia

No: recitative, aria, chorus

Italian opera was embraced in all western European countries.

NO

Which of the following operas were composed by Claudio Monteverdi?

Yes: Orfeo, The Coronation of Poppea

No: Fairy Queen, Dido and Aeneas

Match each definition to the genre it best describes.

recitative
a kind of musical declamation or speech

Correct label:
a kind of musical declamation or speech

overture
an orchestral introduction

Correct label:
an orchestral introduction

libretto
the text/script of an opera

Correct label:
the text/script of an opera

aria
a song, usually of a highly emotional nature

Correct label:
a song, usually of a highly emotional nature
How does Purcell musically depict Dido's grief
in the aria “When I am laid in earth”?

Yes: slow tempo, with a descending, chromatic bass

line,

No: with an ascending bass line, with a frenetic

rhythmic pulse

Why does Dido sing a lament at the end of

Purcell’s opera?
Aeneas left her

At the time of Monteverdi’s opera The Coronation

of Poppea, what type of opera houses were
beginning to open in Venice?

Public
What is the structural basis for Dido’s Lament in
Purcell’s opera Dido and Aeneas?

ground bass

In composing opera, a composer often works with

a librettist, who supplies the text for the various
recitatives, arias, and choruses and provides the
story’s main threads and subplots.

An opera is a large-scale drama that is sung.

The masque was an English form of entertainment that combined music, poetry, and dance.

True

A descending ground bass helps underscore the sorrow in Dido’s lament.

True

Monteverdi was one of the first great composers of opera.

Yes
Purcell’s opera Dido and Aeneas is based on an episode in Virgil’s Aeneid.

yes

LQ: 7 Purcell

The opening section of this scene is

a recitative, a solo vocal passage in which the
music follows the inflections of the text. Which
best describes this section?

recitative

0:11

yes: It is sung freely, with no strong beat.

no: it is fast, it has a strong beat

In the opening recitative, which best describes
the accompaniment?

recitative

0:58

A: a few instruments that play simple chords

Listen to the excerpt and fill in the blank below.

beginning of aria

0:09

In the recitative, a few instruments play simple

chords, but when the aria begins, the accompaniment
changes and the instruments play notes more
frequently.

Which are the performing forces heard in the aria "When I am laid in earth"?
beginning of aria

0:26
Heard in this excerpt

Yes: Baroque-period instruments, solo voice

no: brass, percussion

Which best describes the speed of the aria?

slow
This aria is called "Dido's Lament" because
Dido is lamenting the loss of Aeneas, her lover.
We know it is a lament because of the text and
the plot of the opera. But Purcell also lets us
know it is a lament with a bass line that
descends stepwise. Purcell's audiences would
have known just by the music that this was an
expression of deep sadness because other
composers have used the same kind of bass
line for the same reason.
Listen carefully to the bass line throughout this
excerpt. Which best describes the melodic
shape of the bass line?

descending mostly by steps

The role of Dido is played by a woman with a high

voice.
The text of this excerpt is "When I am laid in
earth, may my wrongs create no trouble in thy
breast." If you listen carefully, you'll hear the
descending stepwise bass line three times. A
bass line that repeats throughout a composition
is called a ground bass. Listen for it to continue
throughout the entire aria.
Compare the first and second sections of the
aria and drag the descriptions to the musical
elements below. Is the text of the second
section the same as the first section, or is it
new? Is the vocal music of the second section
the same as the first section, or is it new?

vocal music: same

text: same
If we assign the letter A for the first 44 seconds
of this excerpt (0:00-0:44), what is the form of
the entire excerpt?

When I am laid in earth, may my wrongs create

no trouble in thy breast.
When I am laid in earth, may my wrongs create
no trouble in thy breast.

A-A

The text for the third section of the aria is

"Remember me, remember me, but ah, forget
my fate, remember me, but ah, forget my fate."
Compare the first and third sections of the aria
and drag the descriptions to the musical
elements below. Is the text of the third section
the same as the first section, or is it new? Is the
vocal music of the third section the same as the
first section, or is it new?

text: new

music: new

Which best describes the bass line in the third

section?

descending mostly by steps

Which characteristics below correctly describe
this recitative?

recitative

0:58

yes: no strong beat, freefly sung, accompanied by a

few instruments playing simple chords

no: strong beat, sung quickly, accompanied by a full

orchestra

Which best describes this aria?

solo soprano singing in a slow tempo and a steady
beat, accompanied by strings (bowed and plucked)

Listen to this excerpt, then fill in the blank

below.

Thy hand, Belinda; darkness shades me.

On thy bosom let me rest;
More I would, but Death invades me;
Death is now a welcome guest.

Dido is singing in this excerpt.

Match the excerpted clips with the correct target

from Act III of Purcell's Dido and Aeneas. Be sure
to listen to the entire excerpt and match it to the
target that best describes what you hear. To drag the
excerpts be sure to click in the light yellow outer
box; the item will not move if you click in the play
button.

recitative
[Thy hand, Belinda …]

Correct label:

ground bass pattern alone

[Instrumental]

Correct label:

Part A of the aria

[When I am laid … ]

Correct label

Part B of the aria

[Remember me …]

Correct label:

The recitative portion of Dido's Lament is

accompanied by only a small portion of the
orchestra (a.k.a. basso continuo).
 True

Even though the third section has a new vocal

line with new text, the ground bass continues to
repeat as it did throughout the first and second
sections.

fourth section of aria

0:08
Which best describes the form of this aria?

aria, all four sections

 0:01

A-A-B-B

LQ 8: Bach: Cantata, 1
What performing ensemble do you hear in the
opening of the first movement of Bach's
Cantata No. 140, Wachet auf?

Bach, Wachet auf, No. 1

0:11
Click or tap a choice to answer the question.

an orchestra with strings, woodwinds, brass, and

organ (i don't actually hear the brass and organ
though, the quiz is full of shit)

After the orchestral section (or ritornello), a

choir enters. The first voices you hear are
sopranos. How is the rhythm of the soprano
part different from the rhythms of the other
voice parts?

Bach, Wachet auf, No. 1

1:05

sopranos sing more slowly than the others

In this movement, the sopranos sing the hymn tune;

altos, tenors, and basses sing other melodic material;
and several instruments play unique melodies.
Which best describes the relationship between the
voices (the texture)?
Groups of voices and instruments sing and play
unique melodies at the same time

Here is the full first movement of Bach's

Cantata No. 140:

Bach, Wachet auf, No. 1

0:01

This excerpt occurs immediately after the choir

finishes singing their first A section ("Wachet
auf, ruft uns die Stimme …"). What section do
you hear here?

Bach, Wachet auf, No. 1

0:07

the opening ritornello again

In the music leading up to this excerpt there is

Ritornello 1, an A section, Ritornello 2, and another
A section. Which best describes the performing
forces of the next section of music, a.k.a. Ritornello
3? (Ignore the first second of the excerpt, which is
the tail end of the A section.)

orchestra only
Ritornello 3 is followed by the B section, in which
the chorus sings the words "Steht auf!" ("Arise!").
For these words, Bach uses word-painting; he makes
the music directly reflect the meaning of the words.
Armed with this knowledge, can you tell how the
altos, tenors, and basses sing the text "Steht auf!"?

with an ascending motive

Which best describes the text setting for the word

"Alleluia," heard in this excerpt?

Each section of the choir enters separately and sings

many notes per syllable of text.
This next excerpt, the closing section, occurs
immediately after the choir finishes singing their
third section of music. Which best describes this
closing section?

The opening ritornello returns.

The chorus sings three large sections of music. If we

label the first section A, then any other choral
section that uses the same music as the first section
will also be labeled A. What is the form of this
chorale?

A-A-B

The instrumental section that opens the movement

and returns throughout it is called a ritornello.
The sopranos enter first, singing slower rhythms
than the other voices. Which melody is the soprano
section singing?

a chorale tune

Which best describes the texture of the first

movement?

polyphonic

In this first movement from Bach's Cantata No. 140,

there are four occurrences of the Ritornello.

yea
Which of the following correctly describe the first
movement of Bach's Cantata No. 140?

yes:It contains instances of word-painting.

It is in E-flat major.
It is for four-part chorus (SATB) and orchestra.

no:It is in E-flat minor.

It is for three-part chorus (SSA) and orchestra.

The first movement of Bach's Cantata No. 140 is

best described as a chorale fantasia. The form
follows that of the original chorale: A-A-B, which is
known as bar form. Between the sections of text
there are instrumental ritornellos that feature dotted
rhythms. The "Alleluia" in the B section
is melismatic.
Listen to the following music excerpts and drag the
corresponding cards to the correct location on the
chart below.
Listen to the excerpts and then click on the
corresponding cards in the order in which they
appear in the first movement of Bach's Cantata No.
140.

Wachet Auf, Mitternacht, Wohl auf

Match the descriptive words or phrases with the

appropriate excerpt from the first movement of
Bach's Cantata No. 140.

Chorus singing "Alleluia"

Correct label:
Chorus singing "Alleluia"

EXCERPT B
 0:04
The "watchmen's motive" ("Wachet auf...")

Correct label:
The "watchmen's motive" ("Wachet auf...")

EXCERPT C

0:16
Word-painting on “Steht auf” ("Arise!") on a two-note ascending motive that is repeated several times

Correct label:
Word-painting on “Steht auf” ("Arise!") on a two-
note ascending motive that is repeated several times
LQ 8: Bach: Cantata, 4

Listen to the opening of No.4 from Bach's

Cantata 140, Wachet auf, then complete the
sentence below.

The instrumental ensemble consists of strings,

harpsichord, and organ.

After the opening instrumental section, voices enter.

What is the voice part of the group singing in this
excerpt?

tenor

Which best describes what the tenors are singing in

the following excerpt?

All tenors sing the same melody.

Listen to No. 4 from Bach's Cantata No. 140, then

complete the sentence below regarding its melodic
material.

The tenors sing the chorale melody, while the strings

perform the countermelody.

Listen to Ritornello 1:

Bach, Cantata No. 140, Ritornello 1

0:01
Now listen to the first A section:

A section

0:02
What best describes the following excerpt?

What do you hear?

0:11

The excerpt is similar to Ritornello 1.

Listen to Ritornello 1:

Bach, Cantata No. 140, Ritornello 1

0:01
Now listen to Ritornello 4:
Ritornello 4

0:07

How are these two ritornellos different from

each other?

Ritornello 4 is in a minor key.

After Ritornello 3, the tenors return for a third

section.
This section is best described as section B.

In the fourth movement of Bach's Cantata No. 140,

what is the overall, or large-scale, form of the tenor
part?

A-A-B

In music such as Bach's Wachet auf, the instruments

can be heard as individual voices, just as the groups
of singers are. In the fourth movement, the strings
play one melody while the tenors sing another. What
is the descriptive term for this texture?

polyphonic

The orchestral accompaniment in the fourth

movement of Bach's Cantata No. 140 features organ,
strings, and brass.

no
Match the music clips with the correct labels
from the fourth movement of Bach's Cantata
No. 140.

B section
[Nun komm du" class="mp3_blue]

Correct label:

Nun komm du

0:07
Ritornello 1
[major key" class="mp3_red]

Correct label:

major key
 0:04
A section
[Ihr Freund kommt" class="mp3_green]

Correct label:

Ihr Freund kommt

0:24
Ritornello 4
[minor key" class="mp3_yellow]

Correct label:

minor key

0:00
Listen to the following music excerpts and drag the
corresponding cards to the correct locations on the
formal structure described below.
 Match the descriptive words or phrases with the
different elements of music as found in the fourth
movement (4. Unison chorale) of Bach's Cantata No.
140.

form
bar

Correct label:
bar
bass line
walking

Correct label:
walking
key
major

Correct label:
major

After Ritornello 3, the tenors return for a third

section.
This section is best described as section B.

Which of the following statements regarding the

fourth movement of Bach's Cantata No. 140 are
correct?

Yes: The tenors sing the melody in unison. It uses a

chorale melody by Philipp Nicolai. The strings play
a countermelody.

no: Bach composed all of the melodic material. The

strings play the chorale melody. The melody is sung
by a four-part chorus (SATB).
Quiz 19

In the fourth movement of Wachet auf, Bach

separates the sung sections with instrumental
passages known as ritornellos.
Who wrote the chorale text and tune on which
J. S. Bach based his Wachet auf cantata?

Philipp Nicolai

The church cantatas of J. S. Bach were mostly written for the

Lutheran church.

Yes

J. S. Bach’s church cantatas are single-movement works.

No

Match the characteristics to the movement of the cantata Wachet

auf (Sleepers, Awake) that they describe.

Bach: Wachet auf, No. 1

SELECT A LABEL

Correct label:
Sopranos sing chorale melody.
Correct label:
Parts are sung by full SATB chorus (with orchestra).

0:06
Bach: Wachet auf, No. 4
SELECT A LABEL

Correct label:
Tenors sing chorale melody.
Correct label:
Sung by tenors only (with orchestra).
In which of the following cities did J. S. Bach
work?

yes lepzig, Anhalt-C then, Weimer

no: rome

Which of the following components are found in the

fourth movement of J. S. Bach’s cantata Wachet auf
(Sleepers Awake)?

Yes: german language, strings play countermelody,

tenors sing chorale melody

no: latin language, ternary form (A-B-A)

J. S. Bach was raised as a Catholic.

 no

For which religious occasion was the

cantata Wachet auf (Sleepers Awake) written?

the end of the church year

Which of the following components are found in No.

1 of J. S. Bach’s cantata Wachet auf?

yes: major key, chorale melody in soprano voices,

instrumental ritornello
no: minor key, strict monophony

Lutheran musical worship is structured

around congregational hymns known as chorales,
which are specific to a particular service.
In the Lutheran tradition, the cantata was
performed in the service along with what other
events?
Correct Answer(s)
prayers
the sermon
Gospel readings

Incorrect Answer(s)
opera performances

Which voices usually sing the melody in a

typical Lutheran chorale as sung by the
congregation on Sundays?
soprano

The Lutheran chorale Wachet auf is in bar form,

which is best described as A-A-B.

What is the text of Wachet auf urging Lutherans

to prepare themselves for?

the second coming of Christ

Singing a specific chorale together with the
congregation was a critical part of weekly Lutheran
religious services.

For which church did Bach write his cantatas?

Lutheran

While in Leipzig, Bach directed a group of

university students known as the collegium
musicum.

Yes

J. S. Bach wrote over 200 church cantatas.

Yes
 Many of J. S. Bach's cantatas are based on Lutheran chorale or hymn tunes.
Yes

Quiz 20

Which of the following is true of “Rejoice greatly” from Handel’s Messiah?

Handel wrote out the returning A' section.

Which of the following are sources of the text for Messiah?

Yes: New Testament, Old Testament

No Dante’s Inferno, Ovid’s Metamorphoses

Handel’s career was solely based on positions held in Germany.

No
Match the description to the part in Handel’s Messiah that it best describes:

“Rejoice Greatly”, Press Alt+DownArrow to open the options.

SELECT A LABEL

Correct label:

A-B-A' form

Correct label:

soprano solo

Correct label:

da capo aria

“Hallelujah Chorus”, Press Alt+DownArrow to open the options.

SELECT A LABEL

Correct label:

chorus

Correct label:

climax of entire oratorio

Correct label:

written for SATB voices’

All the texts from Handel’s Messiah come from the Old Testament.

No

Which statements are true of the Baroque oratorio?

Yes: It was generally based on a biblical story. It featured arias, recitatives, ensemble numbers,
choruses, and narration.

No: The texts were often secular. It utilized scenery, acting, and costumes, just as in opera.

Which of the following are operas by Handel?

Yes: Rinaldo, Julius Caesar

No: Don Giovanni, Dido and Aeneas

Which best describes the text setting on the word “rejoice” in the aria “Rejoice greatly” from
Handel’s Messiah?

Long melisma
Which best describes the overall form of the aria "Rejoice greatly" from Handel’s Messiah?

Da capo form

Handel composed in all genres except opera.

No

Which best describes the melody of the aria “Rejoice greatly” from Handel's Messiah?

Lyrical lines

Which best describes the history of the reception of Handel’s Messiah?

Yes: Since its first performance it has been performed frequently. It was well received at the time
it was composed.

No: It was not well received at the time of composition, or since then. It was only heard in a few
performances after it was first performed.
The texture in the “Hallelujah Chorus” from Handel’s Messiah alternates between homorhythmic
and polyphonic.

Which genre is Handel said to have invented?

English oratorio

Though born in the same year and country, Handel and Bach never met.

Yes

Handel used instrumental ritornellos to unify the aria “Rejoice greatly.”

Yes

The Baroque oratorio descended from the religious play-with-music of the the Counter-
Reformation.
Yes

Handel's aria “Rejoice greatly” from Messiah was composed for soprano voice.

Handel’s Messiah is one of the English-speaking world’s best-loved works.

Yes

The climax of Handel’s Messiah comes at the end of the second part, the Easter section, with the
"Hallelujah Chorus."

LQ 9: Messiah, 18
Which keyboard instrument is heard in the orchestra in this excerpt?

(Rejoice Greatly, beginning)

Harpsichord

The vocal range of the singer in this excerpt is a high woman's voice.

(Rejoice Greatly, beginning)

The aria in "Rejoice greatly" has an instrumental introduction, after which the soprano enters
singing the text "Rejoice," exclaiming joy at the coming of "the King." Complete the sentence to
best describe the text setting for the word "Rejoice."

When she sings "Rejoice," the soprano sings a disjunct rising line.

The tempo and mood of this excerpt shift noticeably after 40 seconds.

(Rejoice Greatly, beginning)

Yes

Listen to the A section of "Rejoice greatly":

Now listen to the B section:

How does the A' section compare to the A and B sections in "Rejoice Greatly"?

A: It begins like the A section but proceeds to vary it.

How does the A' section of this aria differ from the A section?

Yes: The instrumental introduction is shortened in the A' section. The vocal melody is much
more elaborate in the A' section.

No: Trumpets are added in the A' section. The A' section includes a section for chorus.
This aria is in three large sections. If we assign the letter A to the first section and the letter B to
the second (because it's different), what letter would you give to the third section?

A’

Listen to the following music excerpts and drag the corresponding cards to the correct location
on the formal structure described below. Be sure to listen to the WHOLE clip before dragging
the card to the chart.
Which of the following statements correctly describe "Rejoice greatly"?

Yes: The form is A-B-A´. It is from an oratorio. There is a long melisma on the word "rejoice."

No: The form is A-A-B-B. It is an alto aria. It is from an opera.

"Rejoice greatly" has a sacred text.

yes

Match the descriptive words or phrases with the different elements of music as found in "Rejoice
greatly" from Handel's Messiah.

soloist, Press Alt+DownArrow to open the options.

soprano

Correct label:

Soprano

ritornello, Press Alt+DownArrow to open the options.

instrumental

Correct label:

Instrumental

form, Press Alt+DownArrow to open the options.

da capo aria

Correct label:

da capo aria

This da capo aria features an instrumental ritornello and an extensive melisma on the word
"rejoice". The B section has a slower tempo and begins in a minor key.
LQ 9: Messiah, 44

One of Handel's most famous choruses is known as the "Hallelujah" chorus from Messiah.
Which best describes the performing forces in this work?

Chorus and full orchestra

Which best describes the pace of this excerpt?

Fast

Which best describes the relationship between the voices (the texture) when they enter in the
opening section singing "Hallelujah"?

Homorhythm
Which best describes the texture when the voices first sing "For the Lord God omnipotent
reigneth"?

Monophony

Which best describes the texture when the voices return to "Hallelujah"?

Homorhytm

Which best describes the texture when the voices sing for a second time "For the Lord God
omnipotent reigneth"?

Monophony

In the next phrase, the chorus sings "For the Lord God omnipotent reigneth" and "Hallelujah."
Which best describes the texture in this passage?
Imitative polyphony

The next text line is "The kingdom of this world is become the Kingdom of our Lord and of His
Christ." Which best describes the texture when the voices sing this line?

Homorhythm

The texture of this SATB chorus with orchestra varies from homorhythm (all voices moving
together but with different notes) to monophony (all voices singing the same tune together) to
imitative polyphony (voices entering at different times with the same tune).

Which of the following statements correctly describe the "Hallelujah Chorus" from Handel's
Messiah?

Yes: it is from an oratorio, The texture varies for different lines of text.
No: it is from an opera, the entire is in imitative polyphony

The first one minute and fourteen seconds of the "Hallelujah Chorus" features a homorhythmic
texture at the beginning that then becomes imitative.

False

Listen to the following music excerpts and drag them to the correct location on the text written
out on the right.
Match the excerpts from the "Hallelujah Chorus" with the correct texture.

LQ 11: Handel, Water Music

Which best describes the speed (tempo) of this example?

Quick

Which instruments do you hear in this example?

Strings and woodwinds

Which best describes the shape and movement of the melody in this excerpt?

Leaping up and down

Which best describes the contour of the melody in this excerpt, from the B section?

a repeated pitch followed by smooth movement between nearby pitches

The next section is a repeat of the music you just heard.

First, listen to the opening of this piece, with its two different melodies (one leaping, one with a
repeated note and smooth motion):

(Handel, Water Music, opening)

Now listen to the repeat that follows it:

(Handel, Water Music, repeat)

While the melodies are the same, how does the music change when it repeats?

A: It's played by brass instruments.

Which best describes the instruments playing when the beginning section returns?

Brass and timpani

After a short pause, a new section of music begins. Which best describes this new music?

Fast-moving strings and woodwinds

Here is the full Alla hornpipe movement:

After the B section, which is played by strings and woodwinds only, another section of music
begins. What does this music sound like?

A It’s a return of the opening music.

Identify elements of music.

After the strings and woodwinds begin the third section, you can hear the brass respond. This
time, however, they sound a little different. Listen to the brass instruments in the first section:

(Handel, Water Music, brass first section)

Now listen to the brass in the third section:

(Handel, Water Music, brass third section)

What is different?

A: They seem to shake some of the notes (add trills)

The form of Alla hornpipe is best described as –

A: two contrasting sections of music, the first of which returns at the end (A-B-A, or three-part).

Which best describes the ensemble playing Alla hornpipe from Water Music by Handel?

strings, woodwinds, brass, and percussion

In Alla hornpipe, from Handel's Water Music, melodies often repeat immediately. When
melodies repeat immediately, what other aspects of the music change?

Instruments change

The majority of the melodic motion in this excerpt, from the A section, is in which direction?

Ascending

Alla hornpipe is one movement of an orchestral suite.

Yes

Listen to the following music excerpts and drag the corresponding cards to the correct location
on the formal structure described below. Listen to each excerpt in its entirety; there are only
subtle differences between the two A sections.
This dance movement is in three-part form and triple meter. The opening motive is disjunct but
heroic, and the following motive is conjunct.
Quiz 22

For what event was Handel’s Water Music performed on July 17, 1717?

for a royal party on the Thames River

Composers combined dances into suites of solo instrumental music most notably for which
instruments?

Yes: violin, harpsichord

No: trumpet, bassoon

Water Music is one of Handel’s best-known orchestral suites.

Yes
One of the most important instrumental genres in the Baroque era was the suite, which was a
group of short dances.

Which of the following genres is a group of dance movements, usually in the same key?

Suite

Which of the following dances are included in the Suite in D Major from Handel’s Water Music?

Yes: minuet, bourrée

No: gavotte, courante

Which of the following dances are included in a standard Baroque suite?

Yes: allemande, gavotte, courante, sarabande

No: tango, Macarena

How did Handel compose Water Music to account for the competing sounds of an outdoor
performance?

Yes: He used lively rhythms. He used catchy melodies.

No: He used a 400-piece orchestra. He used electronically amplified instruments. He only used
brass and percussion instruments.

The strings of Baroque violins were made out of wrapped steel.

No

Some of the dances in the Baroque suite were of peasant origin, bringing a bit of earthiness to the
more formal surroundings.
The B section of Handel’s Alla hornpipe from Water Music is in which key?

B minor

Which of the following were noted makers of string instruments in the Baroque era?

Yes: Stradivarius, Guarneri, amati

No: Yamaha, fender, Steinway

Match each Baroque suite dance form to the country with which it is most often associated.

France, Press Alt+DownArrow to open the options. courante Correct label: courante

Germany, Press Alt+DownArrow to open the options. allemande Correct label: allemande

Spain, Press Alt+DownArrow to open the options. sarabande Correct label: sarabande
Which best describes the tempo heard in the Alla hornpipe from Handel's Water Music?

Quick

Trumpets of the Baroque era were still “natural,” meaning that they had no valves.

The Allegro movement from the Water Music Suite in D major is in which form?

Ternary

Technology played a crucial role in the development of music in the Baroque era.

Yes
The Baroque suite typically consisted of a group of dances.

Yes

Water Music and Music for the Royal Fireworks are the best-known suites by which composer?

Handel

A Baroque suite is usually a group of dances.

Yeah
Quiz 23

A Baroque concerto is a(n) instrumental genre that is based on the opposition between two
dissimilar bodies of sound.

Which of the following characterize Vivaldi’s career?

Yes: He was a virtuoso violinist. His concerts at the girls’ school in Venice brought visitors from
all over Europe. He was music master at one of Venice’s prestigious orphanages (ospedali).

No: He wrote only vocal music. He wrote only sacred music.

Although he is known today as a composer, in his own day Antonio Vivaldi was better known as
a performer.

Yes
What is the unifying formal structure that Vivaldi used in the first movement of the Spring
concerto?

Ritornello

The tempo scheme of the movements in Vivaldi's Spring concerto is best described as fast–slow–
fast.

Vivaldi’s Spring from The Four Seasons is paired with a poem as its literary source.
At the time Vivaldi was composing, instrumental music was newly freed from an earlier
dependence on vocal music.

How does Vivaldi musically evoke the image of birds in the first movement of the Spring
concerto?

Yes: with high trills, with running scales

No: with a harmonic drone, with an aggressive rhythmic pattern, with an unusual amount of
silence

Which of the following does Vivaldi portray in the first movement of his Spring concerto?

Yes: birds, thunder, brooks

No: clouds, rabbits

Vivaldi is known for having written 500 concertos, about 230 of which were written for solo
violin.

Vivaldi wrote instrumental music that depicts a scene without the use of sung words. What is this
style called?

Program music

Baroque concertos tended to have only one movement.

No

In Vivaldi’s Spring, the orchestral ritornellos alternate with the mostly solo violin episodes.
Match the musical techniques to the image from the poem that Vivaldi was depicting.

thunder, lightning, Press Alt+DownArrow to open the options. agitated repeated notes, ascending
minor-key scales Correct label: agitated repeated notes, ascending minor-key scales

birds, Press Alt+DownArrow to open the options. staccato notes, trills, and running scales
Correct label: staccato notes, trills, and running scales

Vivaldi’s nickname was “the red priest.”

Program music is music that has a literary link of some kind.

Yes
Click on the image of a Baroque violin.
What solo instrument is featured in Vivaldi’s Spring concerto?

Violin

A Baroque concerto is characterized by an ensemble featuring one or more solo instruments and
orchestra.

Yes

Vivaldi is noted for writing instrumental music that depicts a scene without the use of sung
words.

Yes
LQ 12: Vivaldi

In ritornello form, the orchestra plays a recurring passage (known as a ritornello) in between
different sections of music played by soloists. Vivaldi used ritornello form for the fast
movements of his concertos. What are the performing forces in the first movement of Vivaldi's
Spring concerto (marked allegro), from The Four Seasons?

Orchestra and solo violin

The first movement of the Spring concerto is programmatic.

Yes
In Vivaldi's Spring, the first movement is in ritornello form. What instrument(s) do you hear at
the beginning of the movement?

The orchestra

The opening tune of the ritornello in Spring is immediately repeated (at 0:07). When it repeats,
what sounds different about it?

Quieter

How is the first half of the ritornello different from the second half of the ritornello?

Different tune

After the ritornello, a soloist plays new music in an episode. Listen to the first episode, then fill
in the blank below.

In the first episode, the solo instruments play special effects that sound like birds, including
repeated notes, running scales, and trills.
In the second ritornello (after the bird episode), Vivaldi doesn't repeat the entire ritornello heard
at the very beginning of the movement. How is the second ritornello different from the first?

Only uses the second tune from the opening ritornello.

In the second episode, which programmatic element is Vivaldi depicting in the music?

Murmuring brooks

In terms of length and melodic material, which is the third ritornello more similar to: the second
ritornello or the first ritornello?

Second ritornello
In the third episode, the orchestra and solo violin suggest a thunderstorm has arrived. How does
the orchestra play to paint that picture?

with fast, repeated notes played loudly

What does the solo violin play to suggest a storm?

Loud fast notes

How is the fourth ritornello different from the second and third ritornellos?

It’s in minor
The beginning of the fourth episode, which features violin trills, sounds most like which other
episode?

First (birds)

Which section of music is played more than once during the first movement?

Ritornello

Vivaldi wrote concertos for students of all abilities to perform together. What part do you think
his most talented students played?

Solo (episode)
Why did Vivaldi write concertos?

He taught at a school, and concertos allowed students at all levels to play together

What is the genre of Vivaldi's The Four Seasons?

Concerto

This opening passage, known as a(n) ritornello, serves to unify the entire concerto movement.
Who played a large number of Vivaldi's concertos?

His students

Match the descriptive words or phrases with the different elements of music as found in the first
movement of Vivaldi's Spring.
Listen to the following excerpts and drag them to the correct location on the music chart below.
In Spring, Vivaldi applies the Renaissance idea of word painting to instrumental music of the late
Baroque era.

Yea

This first movement of Vivaldi's Spring concerto from The Four Seasons is an excellent example
of ritornello form that features an instrumental refrain with contrasting solo episodes. The solo
instrument is a violin, and it represents various images from a sonnet about spring. The work is
an example of program music because of this literary link.
LQ 13: Bach: Fugue

Which instrument is heard performing this work? (Bach: Contrapunctus I)

Organ

Which best describes this opening passage? ? (Bach: Contrapunctus I)

A single melody
The opening melody of a fugue is called the subject. This is immediately followed by repetition
of that melody, called an answer, which is in a different voice and begins on a different pitch but
retains the same contour, or shape, of the subject melody. After the first statement of the subject
in the middle range, you hear the answer in a different range. In this example, is the answer
higher or lower than the subject?

Higher

Is the range of the third entrance higher or lower than the second?

Lower

This fugue begins with four entrances, each in a different "voice" (that is, musical line):

0:00 Alto (subject)

0:10 Soprano (answer)

0:19 Bass (subject)

0:28 Tenor (answer)

Which best describes the texture of this excerpt?

A: Imitative polyphony
Listen to the statements of the subject and answer from the beginning of this fugue.

Now listen to another excerpt from later in the movement.

The subject melody is present in the bass voice in the second excerpt.

A: yes

Match the descriptive words or phrases with the different elements of music as found in Bach's
Contrapunctus I from The Art of Fugue.

Major final chord

Keyboard/organ performing forces

Imitative polyphony texture

Listen to the following music excerpts and drag the corresponding cards to the correct location
on the formal structure below.
The piece begins with all four voices entering in succession, in the order alto, soprano, bass, and
tenor. This beginning section is called the exposition.

Which of the following statements correctly describe Bach's Contrapunctus I?

Yes: The keyboard instrument heard in the recording is an organ. This work is a four-voice
fugue.

No: The texture is homophonic. This work is in ritornello form.

Put the voice ranges in the correct order in which they enter with the fugue theme in the
exposition of Contrapunctus I. (Remember that "voice" here is applied to the different lines of
the fugal polyphony, even though no one is singing.) Be aware that clicking on the label will
make the system think you are choosing it as an answer; do not click on the label unless you are
sure it's the answer you want to choose.

Alto, soprano, bass, tenor

Bach's Contrapunctus I from The Art of Fugue is a three-voice fugue.

False

Quiz 24
Match each definition to the appropriate compositional term that it describes.
The harpsichord is unable to sustain sound the way that modern pianos can.

True

The fugue is based on what principle?

Imitation

These two pieces are from what eras? (Bach: Brandenburg Concerto No. 1, I) and (Haydn:
Emperor Quartet, II)

The Brandenburg Concerto is from the Baroque era and the Emperor Quartet is from the
Classical era.
In fugues, the term stretto refers to overlapping statements of a subject (melody).

Which of the following elements are found in a fugue?

Ye: Answer, subject, exposition, episode

No: minuet and trio, ritornello

In which order do the voices present the subject in J. S. Bach’s Contrapunctus I from The Art of
Fugue? Note that simply clicking on the card will select it as an answer.

Alto, soprano, bass, tenor

Match each piece to the correct genre and era to which it belongs.
Baroque era, Press Alt+DownArrow to open the options. []Handel: Alla hornpipe, from Water
Music Correct label: Handel: Alla hornpipe, from Water Music

Classical era, Press Alt+DownArrow to open the options. []Mozart: Clarinet Concerto, II Correct
label: Mozart: Clarinet Concerto, II

suite, Press Alt+DownArrow to open the options. []Handel: Alla hornpipe, from Water Music
Correct label: Handel: Alla hornpipe, from Water Music

solo concerto, Press Alt+DownArrow to open the options. []Mozart: Clarinet Concerto, II
Correct label: Mozart: Clarinet Concerto, II

What is first section of a fugue called?

Exposition

The harpsichord differs from the piano in two main ways: the strings are plucked by quills, and
its tone cannot be sustained.
Harpsichord strings are struck with hammers to generate sound.

No

German organ builders in the Baroque era created various sets of pipes, each with distinct tone
color.

What kind of melodies did composers favor in the Classical era?

Symmetrical in balanced phrases

The sections in a fugue that do not contain the subject are the episodes.
How many preludes and fugues make up J. S. Bach’s The Well-Tempered Clavier?

48

The piano was the main keyboard instrument in the Baroque era.
No

What is the term that describes a melody that is stated backwards?

Retrograde

Which of the following are well-known keyboard works by J. S. Bach?

Yes: Art of fugue, the well-tempered clavier

No: water music

The fugue is based on the principle of imitation.

What were the two main keyboard instruments of the Baroque era?

Yes: organ, harpsichord

No: piano, synthesizer

What is J. S. Bach’s most comprehensive example of contrapuntal writing?

The art of fugue

Keyboard players in the Baroque era often improvised in their performances.

True

Organs have more than one keyboard.

yes