Quantum Mechanics

[PHL6030]

Dr. B. M. Krishna Mariserla

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, IIT JODHPUR

Basic domains of Physics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics
 Nature of the Light

The wavelength (λ) is the shortest distance between adjacent wave crests/troughs

infrared pulses that signal a binary code

• Wave: A disturbances that propagate or move energy through an empty space or

through medium (particles such as atoms and molecules)
 Wave Nature of the Light

•Waves transfer energy without transferring matter

Longitudinal Wave:
• A mechanical wave starts with a vibration of a Sound waves, Seismic P-waves
particle. Mechanical waves also need particles, also
called medium, to propagate. Without particles,
they cannot move through a vacuum.

Transverse Wave:

• An electromagnetic wave starts with a vibrating

charged particle which can be an electron shifting its
energy level. Electromagnetic waves do not need
medium (particles) to transfer energy and can move
through the vacuum of space. Outer space is a vacuum
because it does not have air particles like here on earth
 Wave Nature of the Light

•Waves transfer energy without transferring matter

Longitudinal Wave:
• A mechanical wave starts with a vibration of a Sound waves, Seismic P-waves
particle. Mechanical waves also need particles, also
called medium, to propagate. Without particles,
they cannot move through a vacuum.

Transverse Wave:

• An electromagnetic wave starts with a vibrating

charged particle which can be an electron shifting its
energy level. Electromagnetic waves do not need
medium (particles) to transfer energy and can move
through the vacuum of space. Outer space is a vacuum
because it does not have air particles like here on earth

Ripples on the water surface, Seismic S-waves

Electromagnetic Waves

A static charge creates an electric field and a moving charge creates a magnetic field. The result of a vibrating
charged particle is both a transverse electric field and magnetic field wave.
Wave Nature of the Light

Wavelength and frequency are inversely related—the shorter the wavelength, the higher the
frequency.
Wave Nature of the Light
Blackbody Radiation

All bodies at a temperature T emit and absorb thermal electromagnetic radiation

• Blackbody radiation

• In thermal equilibrium, the power emitted equals the power absorbed

How is blackbody radiation absorbed and emitted?

Blackbody Radiation

A blackbody is a perfect absorber of radiation

A simple blackbody is given by a hole in a wall of

some enclosure

Both absorption and can occur

The radiation properties of the cavity are

independent of the enclosure material
Blackbody Radiation
 Blackbody Radiation

Wien’s displacement law

maxT  2.898  103 mK Wavelength decreases as T increases

Stefan-Boltzmann law

R (T )  T 4
  5.6705  108W / m 2 K 4 
Total power / area radiated increases as T4
Blackbody Radiation