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Installation Manual: 9900 Series Models 9900, 9900A and 9900B
Installation Manual: 9900 Series Models 9900, 9900A and 9900B
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INSTALLATION MANUAL
9900 Series
Models 9900, 9900A and 9900B
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Copyright 1998
RYAN INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION Telephone: (614) 885-3303
4800 Evanswood Drive · Columbus, Ohio 43229 Manual Part Number: 32-2301
Revision 4, December 17, 1998
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION I
GENERAL INFORMATION
Paragraph Page
1.1 Introduction ......................................................................................... 1-1
1.2 Product Description ............................................................................. 1-1
1.3 Technical Characteristics...................................................................... 1-3
1.4 Factory Settings ................................................................................... 1-4
1.5 Units and Accessories Supplied............................................................ 1-4
1.6 License Requirements .......................................................................... 1-5
1.7 Units & Accessories Required But Not Supplied .................................. 1-6
1.8 Installation Approval Basis................................................................... 1-6
1.9 Antenna Cable Requirements................................................................ 1-7
1.10 Instructions for Continued Airworthiness ............................................. 1-9
SECTION II
INSTALLATION
Paragraph Page
2.1 General ................................................................................................ 2-1
2.2 Unpacking and Inspection .................................................................... 2-1
2.3 Transponder and Encoder Requirements .............................................. 2-1
2.4 Suppression ......................................................................................... 2-3
2.5 Annunciator Output ............................................................................. 2-4
2.6 Cooling................................................................................................ 2-4
2.7 Antenna Placement Considerations....................................................... 2-4
2.8 Transponder Coupler ........................................................................... 2-4
2.9 Initial Bench Check.............................................................................. 2-5
2.10 Mechanical Installation of Display ........................................................ 2-5
2.11 Mechanical Installation of Processor .................................................... 2-7
2.12 Mechanical Installation of Transponder Coupler................................... 2-9
2.13 Mechanical Installation of Antennas ..................................................... 2-10
Paragraph Page
2.14 Overview of Electrical Installation........................................................ 2-11
2.15 Electrical Wiring of Display and Processor ........................................... 2-13
2.16 Electrical Wiring of Suppression .......................................................... 2-18
2.17 Electrical Wiring of Transponder Coupler ............................................ 2-19
2.18 Antenna Cable Installation.................................................................... 2-20
2.19 Electrical Wiring of Altitude Encoder................................................... 2-21
SECTION III
OPERATION
Paragraph Page
3.1 General ................................................................................................ 3-1
3.2 Audio & Visual Alert ........................................................................... 3-1
3.3 Description of Operator Controls ......................................................... 3-2
3.4 Symbols ............................................................................................... 3-3
3.5 Basic Displays...................................................................................... 3-4
3.6 The Air Traffic Shield .......................................................................... 3-6
3.7 Operating Modes ................................................................................. 3-6
3.8 Bearing ................................................................................................ 3-7
3.9 Programming ....................................................................................... 3-8
3.10 Setting the Shield Size (9900A and 9900B).......................................... 3-8
3.11 Setting Density Altitude ....................................................................... 3-8
3.12 Setting Tone Options ........................................................................... 3-9
3.13 Setting the Altitude Alert ..................................................................... 3-9
3.14 TCAD Fault Displays........................................................................... 3-9
3.15 Pilot Initiated Test................................................................................ 3-9
3.16 Disclaimer............................................................................................ 3-10
SECTION IV
PERFORMANCE TESTING
Paragraph Page
4.1 General ................................................................................................ 4-1
4.2 Equipment Required ............................................................................ 4-1
4.3 Computer Test ..................................................................................... 4-1
4.4 Ramp Test ........................................................................................... 4-3
4.5 Interference Check............................................................................... 4-5
4.6 Suppression Check............................................................................... 4-7
4.7 Customer Care Checklist...................................................................... 4-7
4.8 Bench Test Set Up ............................................................................... 4-8
4.9 Technician Test Routine....................................................................... 4-8
SECTION V
WARRANTY AND PRODUCT SUPPORT
Paragraph Page
5.1 Documentation .................................................................................... 5-1
5.2 Return Authorization ........................................................................... 5-1
5.3 Warranty Service ................................................................................. 5-1
SECTION VI
INSTALLATION PLANNING AND TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE
Paragraph Page
6.1 General ................................................................................................ 6-1
6.2 External Connections ........................................................................... 6-1
6.3 Checkout ............................................................................................. 6-5
6.4 Installation in a Severe EMI Environment ............................................ 6-5
6.5 Malfunction Indications........................................................................ 6-5
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure Page
1-1 Features of the 9900 Series .................................................................. 1-2
1-2 Air Traffic Shield Limits....................................................................... 1-4
1-3 Antenna Cable Requirements................................................................ 1-7
1-4 Sample Description of Work Accomplished.......................................... 1-8
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1-5 Environmental Qualifications................................................................ 1-10
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2-3 Display Mounting................................................................................. 2-5
2-4 Display Dimensions.............................................................................. 2-6
2-5 Panel Cutout for Display ...................................................................... 2-6
2-6 Processor Mounting Tray..................................................................... 2-7
2-7 Processor with Mounting Tray ............................................................. 2-8
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2-8 Transponder Coupler ........................................................................... 2-9
2-9 Recommended Antenna Locations ....................................................... 2-10
2-10 Block diagram of Electrical Wiring....................................................... 2-12
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SECTION I
GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
This manual contains information regarding the physical, mechanical and electrical
characteristics, as well as installation information pertaining to the TCAD 9900 Series.
For maintenance and repair information, contact Ryan International Corporation.
Installation Planning tips are found in Section VI.
• Altitude Alert - Features Altitude Alert functions for safer, more precise flying.
• Density Altitude - Computes and displays Density Altitude by simply setting OAT.
• Programmable, Selectable Shield - Features pilot selectable shield volumes for
Terminal, Standard, and Enroute modes.
• Dynamic Shield – The monitored airspace will expand for high-performance climbs
and descents, and will automatically transition to the ENRT mode.
• Bearing - Indicates the direction of the traffic for faster visual acquisition.
Multifunction Display - The Model 9900B is capable of providing traffic information to
certain multifunction displays. The Multifunction Display Interface for the ARGUS is
approved under STC 00900NY. For instructions regarding installation, see Model 9900B
Multifunction Display Interface Installation Instructions, Document 32-2304.
TCAD will display multiple aircraft inside the selected shield. The TCAD is advisory only,
and is a back up to the "SEE-AND-AVOID" concept and the ATC radar environment.
NOTE: The mounting tray allows for two mounting configurations. The height
and width dimensions are interchanged when using the upright-mounting configuration.
Transponder Coupler Dimensions: 1.8 inches (4.6 cm) wide;
1.603 inches (4.1 cm) high;
2.7 inches (6.9 cm) long
Operating Voltage: 11 − 29 Volts DC
Current (9900 & 9900A): 2.4 A @ 14 VDC; 1.4 A @ 28 VDC
Current (9900B): 3.2 A @ 14 VDC; 1.95 A @ 28 VDC
Audio Output: Maximum 100 mW @ 600 ohms
Annunciator Output Current: Switched Ground; 100 mA maximum
Receiver Frequency: 1090 MHz ±3 MHz
Suppression Bus Compatibility: Both Mutual and Unidirectional Systems
Encoder Compatibility: TSO C88a encoder, 0.5mA maximum draw.
Display dimming: Automatic
Transponder Coupler Signal Loss: less than 0.2 dB
Transponder Coupler VSWR: 1.08:1 at 1090 MHz
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(a) Two diodes, one resistor and one inductor
C. Transponder Coupler, P/N 70-2040
a. Two Type ‘N’ Plug Connectors, P/N 62-2040
b. Four Mounting Screws, 6-32 x 1-3/8”, Stainless Steel
NOTE:
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If dual transponders are installed on the aircraft, a second Transponder
Coupler with accessories is required.
D. Literature Pack, P/N 63-2004
a.
b.
Installation Manual, 9900 Series
Pilot's Operating Handbook (POH), 9900 Series, including the
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Multifunction Display (MFD) Interface Supplement to the Pilot's
Operating Handbook
c. Instructions for Continued Airworthiness
d. Information Concerning Instructions for Continued Airworthiness
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(continued)
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALIFICATIONS
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MANUFACTURER: Ryan International Corporation
4800 Evanswood Drive
Columbus, Ohio 43229
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CONDITIONS DO-160C DESCRIPTION OF
SECTION TESTS CONDUCTED
TEMPERATURE 4.0 EQUIPMENT TESTED TO CATEGORIES F1
AND ALTITUDE (DISPLAY) AND F2 (PROCESSOR)
TEMPERATURE 5.0 EQUIPMENT TESTED TO CATEGORY B
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HUMIDITY 6.0 EQUIPMENT TESTED TO CATEGORY A
OPERATIONAL SHOCK 7.0 EQUIPMENT TESTED PER DO-160C
AND CRASH SAFETY PARAGRAPHS 7.2 AND 7.3
VIBRATION 8.0 EQUIPMENT TESTED TO
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(Continued)
SECTION II
INSTALLATION
2.1 GENERAL
The Ryan TCAD should be installed according to this manual and AC 43.13-1A and -2A.
Cable harnesses and mechanical supports must be fabricated by the installing agency to
these requirements. This Section contains interconnect diagrams, mounting dimensions,
antenna placement and other information pertaining to installation. See Section VI for
installation tips. For instructions regarding multifunction displays, see Model 9900B
Multifunction Display Interface Installation Instructions, Document 32-2304.
The TCAD consists of three major components, plus antennas:
• Display with Mounting Clamp
• Processor with Mounting Tray
• Transponder Coupler
In addition, two L-band transponder antennas are required, one top mounted on the
aircraft fuselage, and one bottom mounted on the aircraft fuselage. The Model 9900B
antennas are supplied, the antennas for the Model 9900 and 9900A are not supplied. A
second display is optional. Figure 2-1 illustrates the three major components.
Refer to Section IV for checkout and Customer Care checklist.
2.4 SUPPRESSION
Transponder and DME suppression are required for TCAD operation. TCAD sends and
receives positive-going suppression signals. The outgoing suppression amplitude is
approximately battery voltage.
DME suppression is used to insure the DME does not interfere with the transponder or
the TCAD. Interference that causes transponder squitter (unsolicited replies) from any
source reduces data available to the TCAD. See Transponder Suppression Section VI.
TCAD is compatible with both mutual and unidirectional suppression systems.
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Figure 2-2 lists the availability of suppression for popular transponders.
TCAD suppression can be connected directly to any ARINC-standard mutual suppression
bus. Not all suppression busses conform to ARINC standards. See the Note below.
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NOTE: Not all transponder suppression configurations conform to ARINC
standards. See Figure 2-16 for conformance information.
2.6 COOLING
Elevated operating temperatures reduce reliability. Forced-air cooling is not required,
however, allow sufficient space around the Display to allow adequate convective cooling.
When routing the Coupler Cable, make the run as short as practical, and avoid routing
with any cable that may emit excessive EMI, such as DME, transponder cables,
suppression lines from other equipment or high-current power cables.
When mounting the Transponder Coupler, use the type-N connectors provided. Use of
BNC to Type-N adapters can increase the VSWR in the transponder cabling. Check the
output frequency of the transponder at its antenna after installing the Coupler to
insure that a standing wave has not been introduced.
NOTE: Insure that the mounting location for the coupler is accessible and
at a location that provides a good ground. Normally, the mounting tray or avionics rack is
not a good ground.
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diagonal retaining screws securely. See Figure 2-7 below.
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D. The bottom mounted TCAD antenna should be at least three feet from
transponder or DME antennas.
E. The cable lengths must be matched and meet the 3dB requirement. See
Paragraph 1.9.
F. Avoid mounting the bottom antenna where exhaust or oil will
contaminate the surface of the antenna.
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Figure 2-11 Processor Front Panel View (9900, 9900A above, 9900B below)
The electrical wiring between Processor and Display(s) is shown in Figure 2-14 and Figure
2-15. Figure 2-14 illustrates wiring for a single transponder and single Display. Figure 2-
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15 illustrates wiring for dual transponders or dual Displays. See Paragraph 1.7 for wire
types. Further, referring to Figure 2-14 or Figure 2-15 as appropriate, the battery power,
audio, and annunciator (if used) can be wired. Install a trip-free resettable, 3-Ampere,
circuit breaker between the battery power for TCAD and the aircraft power bus (see
Paragraph 1.7). Audio from the TCAD has a power level of 100 mW into 600 ohms, and
should be connected through the audio panel, typically through an unswitched input. The
use of the annunciator feature is described in Paragraph 2.5. Connection of suppression to
the Processor is described in Paragraph 2.16.
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The suppression characteristics of some transponders and DMEs do not conform to
ARINC standards, but the condition can be corrected with external components. See
Figure 2-16. Most of the components needed are included in the TCAD installation kit.
For more information see Transponder Suppression, Section VI.
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Terminate each cable at the Processor with TNC plug connectors. Terminate each cable
end at each antenna using the mating connector required by the antenna (BNC or TNC).
Connect the cable ends at the antennas to each antenna. At the Processor, connect the
TOP antenna to the terminal(s) marked “TOP,” and connect the BOTTOM antenna to the
terminal(s) marked “BOTTOM.” Figure 2-11 illustrates the location of these terminals on
the Processor.
Precautions in routing antenna cables:
A. Route the cable avoiding sharp bends and using strain relief. Secure
as necessary to prevent chafing. Avoid routing antenna cables with
other electrical cables.
B. Avoid tie-wrapping transponder output cables or GPS antenna cables
with TCAD antenna cables. Also, do not tie-wrap a cable bundle so as
to deform cables. Separate the coupler line and TCAD antenna from
other transmitting cables as much as possible.
C. Insure that all connections are sound, i.e. avoid frayed and exposed
shields.
NOTE: Some of the cable types specified for the antenna lines have unusual
diameters and stiffness. Use the proper connectors and crimping tools to assure good
connection and shielding.
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SECTION III
OPERATION
3.1 GENERAL
TCAD uses transponder replies to compute bearing (9900B), relative altitude and range
from nearby Mode C or Mode S-equipped aircraft. Non-Mode C aircraft provide range
information only.
Relative altitude information is derived from decoding the altitude replies from nearby
aircraft, and comparing the data with the encoded altitude information from the host
aircraft. Range information is determined from the arrival amplitude of the transponder
signal. TCAD displays the range in indicated Nautical Miles (iNM). Refer to the Pilot's
Handbook (P/N 32-2302) for TCAD Limits. Bearing is derived from dual directional
antennas and associated receivers.
The 9900 Series Display uses 20 LED cells to communicate alphanumeric information.
Audible and visual alerts are provided. See Figure 3-1 for special symbols used, and
Figures 3-2 and 3-3 for basic Display information.
A tone or voice, and an optional annunciator output (for an annunciator lamp) is used to
call attention to a detected threat that has penetrated the Air Traffic Shield. Additionally,
when the Altitude Alert is engaged, a distinctive short tone is generated to call attention to
either arrival at a target altitude, or an altitude deviation.
PWR/MUTE: A push-on, pull-off button for supplying power to the unit. Also, when
the threat warning tone sounds, a momentary push of this button disables the tone for a
fixed time interval. The time interval is pilot adjustable.
DATA: Used to identify the 4-digit identity code or N-number of Mode S targets (9900A
and 9900B), and the MSL altitude of the primary threat.
TRML: Terminal Mode, sets the range and altitude Shield size to Terminal.
STD: Standard Mode, sets the range and altitude Shield size to Standard.
ENRT: Enroute Mode, sets the range and altitude Shield size to Enroute.
s ): For data entry and user programming.
UP ARROW (s
t ): For data entry and user programming.
DOWN ARROW (t
3.4 SYMBOLS
Below is an illustration and brief description of the special symbols used on the TCAD:
Search Configuration
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¬ TCAD is searching for a threat.
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® Self-Test Cursor.
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³ Pull off, push on, and used to mute traffic tones for a specified duration.
Threat Acquisition
± Pull off, push on. Also used to mute audible tones for a
specified duration.
Anytime before landing, the pilot can access the mode by pressing the MUTE and TRML
buttons (thus Muting the Terminal). The status window will show APCH. The top line
of the TCAD Display will show FldElev:, and the lower line will show >>xx00ft (xx is
normally the elevation previously set into this mode). The s and t buttons can be used
to enter the destination field elevation. Pressing the MUTE button again restores TCAD
to the previously selected mode (or eight seconds elapsed time will return TCAD to the
previously selected mode). When the base of the Terminal shield gets within 100 feet of
the selected field elevation, TCAD automatically enters the Approach Mode, as
shown by "AP" in the Mode cell. When the airplane gets within 100 feet of the field
elevation, threat tones are muted, as indicated by the "M" in the status window, and the
Ground Mode is activated, as indicated by the "G" in the Mode cell.
When preset, TCAD will automatically enter the Approach Mode from the Terminal,
Standard, Enroute, or Unrestricted Mode.
The Unrestricted Mode can be selected by pressing the Enroute and Standard buttons
simultaneously (the letter "U" is indicated in the mode cell). This increases the airspace
monitored by TCAD, but alert tones are not issued unless the traffic is detected inside the
Enroute shield. See Figure 1-2 for Unrestricted Mode limits.
If, while in the Unrestricted Mode, traffic is detected inside the ENRT shield, the alert
tone will sound and TCAD automatically enters the Enroute Mode.
3.9 PROGRAMMING
When completing an installation, the factory settings should be checked, and the
programming functions should be used to adjust the settings as necessary (see Factory
Settings Paragraph 1.4). The following paragraphs describe the programming functions.
To engage a programming function, the appropriate button is pressed twice. When this is
done, the current setting is displayed. The s and t buttons can be used to adjust the
displayed parameter. To select the next parameter, the appropriate button is pressed
again. When each parameter has been considered, TCAD returns to collision alert
operation. In all cases, if no button is pressed for about 8 seconds when in a programming
mode, the TCAD will return to collision alert operation.
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Press MUTE again: Adjust Mute Duration, ten second intervals.
Press MUTE again: Enable or disable Voice for traffic alert (9900A and 990B).
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Press MUTE again: Return to operation
2. The Alert light illuminates (if installed) and the word “testing” is
generated in the audio system.
3. SYS CHK: OK
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3.16 DISCLAIMER
The Ryan TCAD has been meticulously designed to provide warning of nearby traffic. As
with any device, there are significant limitations. The TCAD can only detect signals if
they are received. There are many impediments that prevent the signal from being
received, including the lack of interrogation signals, and the relative signal patterns of the
transmitting and receiving antennas. We must declare, in the strongest of terms, that
TCAD is not foolproof, and will not warn of nearby traffic in every instance, nor will it, in
itself, prevent collisions. We make no claim in this regard. The pilot must make the
avoidance decisions. We do claim the TCAD is a very helpful device that can and has on
many occasions saved the aircraft and occupants from disaster. Further, it aids in traffic
awareness and traffic avoidance. The TCAD is an aid to the see and avoid process and
does not replace the common sense and good judgment of the pilot.
As a pilot, you must be relied upon for a certain level of competence and a high standard
of knowledge about the airspace, aerodynamics, regulations, and the Ryan TCAD. This
includes knowledge of the limitations as well as the capabilities of the TCAD. This
equipment is designed to increase the pilot's awareness of nearby traffic. It will not detect
every aircraft. It is not designed to replace the see and avoid responsibility of the pilot, or
the ATC responsibility in the IFR environment. The information provided by TCAD is not
intended to lessen in any manner the pilot's obligation to see and avoid traffic. The pilot in
command of an aircraft is directly responsible for, and is the final authority as to, the
operation of that aircraft.
SECTION IV
PERFORMANCE TESTING
Proper testing of the TCAD in the host (TCAD Equipped) aircraft is
essential. Proper operation of critical functions can only be checked
during the Performance Test. Failures of these tests mean improper or
marginal performance of the TCAD. Performance testing is the most
important part of the installation.
4.1 GENERAL
Performance testing of the TCAD is conducted using standard test equipment.
There are three tests:
Computer Test:
To check the computer functions in TCAD. This test may be used for initial
testing or for troubleshooting.
Ramp Test:
To check the function of the TCAD, to confirm proper operation
of the host transponder and altitude encoder with TCAD on, to verify proper
computer receiver interface, to check antenna connections and to check the
interconnections with other equipment.
Audio Level Test:
To check correct audio level.
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the Transponder Coupler connections.
C. To insure proper antenna connection, verify TCAD shows targets of
opportunity above 100 feet and beyond 0.7 iNM in the ENRT or Unrestricted
Mode, and that the range (and angle if the test unit is a 9900B) displayed on
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TCAD reasonably agrees with visual estimates.
NOTE: Reflections from hangar walls will cause jumpiness and inaccuracy of the
bearing display.
oriented number will count down as the test is conducted. The test will
conclude with the software version levels indicated.
SECTION V
WARRANTY SERVICE AND PRODUCT SUPPORT
5.1 DOCUMENTATION
After delivery to the customer, fill out and return the warranty document to Ryan
International Corporation.
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5.2 RETURN AUTHORIZATION
In order to expedite repair of units; call the factory for a return authorization number
before returning equipment for service.
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5.3 WARRANTY SERVICE
Ryan warrants products in accordance with the warranty statement in effect at the time of
equipment registration. All repairs are performed at the factory. Contact Ryan
International Corporation for a warranty/return authorization.
All requests for warranty payment must be submitted on a standard AEA warranty claim
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form, accompanied by the dealer invoice. Authorized warranty work performed by the
dealer will be limited to removal and re-installation of units on an exchange basis. Ryan
will bear the cost of warranty returns both ways via UPS surface delivery only. Ryan
reserves the right to use reconditioned parts in repairing the product or to use
reconditioned units as warranty replacements.
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SECTION VI
INSTALLATION PLANNING AND
TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE
6.1 GENERAL
The following information is designed to give the technician guidance in planning
installations and efficiently troubleshooting problems with the TCAD. If there are any
problems or difficulties experienced in installing or maintaining the TCAD, please contact
the factory. Your input is invaluable.
6.2.1 ANTENNA
The antenna should have, at minimum, a ground plane equal to one-half wavelength (half-
wavelength is about six inches) all around the antenna.
The antenna should be mounted as far forward as practical, above the cockpit, with no
appurtenances between the antenna and the nose of the aircraft. Optimum location of the
top antenna is important, because threatening traffic is normally detected ahead of the
aircraft. Placement at this location also to allows TCAD to properly correlate with the
pilot’s observations.
Since the transponder signal from the threat aircraft is essentially line of sight, traffic ahead
of the aircraft will be blocked if the antenna is mounted well aft of the cockpit. If the
antenna is blocked by the airframe, other antennas, or large metal mass such as an engine,
a less than optimum antenna reception pattern will occur. A perfect location does not
exist on an airplane, and some compromise is normally necessary. Nonetheless, the
TCAD antenna should be at the highest, forward-most part of the aircraft when the
aircraft is in level flight. The forward view from the TCAD antenna should be better than
the view from the cockpit. Since the TCAD monitors for traffic all around the aircraft,
insure that the antenna is clear to the rear also.
Customer satisfaction is directly related to proper antenna location.
Ground the antenna to the airframe. Otherwise, the ground plane is not effective.
A second antenna supplements the coverage of the top antenna. It is normally placed on
the underside of the fuselage. In rare situations (such as some helicopters), where there is
an obstruction behind the antenna, the second antenna could be located on the other side
of the obstruction. Before this is done, contact the factory.
The cable lengths for each antenna should be about the same, within 0.2dB of each other.
Sometimes a KA-60 King-stamped pulse antenna is substituted for a clean antenna. The
KA-60 is electrically acceptable for the 9900 and 9900A. However, field reports indicate
the antenna can warp when mounted on top of the aircraft. In addition, the upside down
King stamp shows on the top antenna for all to see that the installer took a shortcut.
6.2.4 AUDIO
TCAD audio is designed to operate into a 600-ohm load. If an audio port must be shared
with another audio input, series resistors must be used in both lines to allow sufficiently
high audio for both audio inputs. Usually 470-ohm resistors are satisfactory.
Connection to an audio panel without internal amplification normally requires a
supplemental amplifier.
There is a potentiometer in the TCAD that allows for greater audio output. Contact the
factory for instructions to increase the audio output.
Low audio is usually caused by a greater than normal load on the line due to multiple
inputs to one audio port.
A dedicated audio ground return line is provided to eliminate possible audio whine.
Connect the return to the ground for the audio port TCAD is connected to. If no return
ground is provided, ground to the case of the audio panel.
The audio line from the TCAD to the audio panel should be shielded, with the shield
grounded at one end.
If any lines are shorted or open, several (but not all) altitudes on the TCAD will be in
error. By using the static tester and raising the altitude of the encoder, a malfunction can
be determined by watching the TCAD Display (set to 29.92) as the altitude from the
encoder goes up. If stars appear in place of an altitude indication, or the altitude on the
TCAD differs from the altitude on the static system tester, note which altitudes are wrong
and what the indications are. Then, by referring to the altitude squawk table found in
most transponder manuals you can usually determine which combination of bits is causing
the errors. Then it is possible to identify which wires are shorted or open.
Stars (∗∗∗∗∗∗) on the altitude display indicate the TCAD is not receiving valid altitude
data.
The common line from the TCAD to the encoder should never be diode isolated. If it is,
improper and unpredictable altitude errors will result. The encoder lines should be
shielded, with the shield grounded at one end.
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should have no bends that exceed the natural radius of the cable. Do not run the Coupler
output line with any pulse lines, such as the transponder RF lines.
Improper or poor transponder antenna connector installation, or cable damage may result
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in a Signal Fail indication on the TCAD or display of the host transponder.
The type N connectors used with the coupler are designed for RG-58 cable. If the
connectors are used on cable that is smaller than RG-58, the cable jacket may not provide
sufficient mechanical support for the connector. In this case the shield and the center
conductor mechanically support the connector, resulting in an unreliable connection. The
coax can easily pull out, creating transponder or TCAD problems (seeing the onboard
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transponder). Be sure the coax jacket is sufficiently snug in the connector in order to
provide mechanical support and a more reliable connection.
The Coupler should be well grounded to the airframe. Grounding to the side of the
TCAD or transponder rack is usually not sufficient.
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Addition of the Coupler to the Antenna cable increases the cable length, and can cause the
transponder frequency at the antenna to shift. Adjust the transponder as necessary.
For instructions regarding installation, see Model 9900B Multifunction Display Interface
Installation Instructions, Document 32-2304. Use twisted shielded pairs for the RS-232
connections.
When interfacing with an Argus Series Moving Map (Multifunction) Display, remote
INFOrmation and SELect buttons are very desirable. An ADF/Remote switch will give
the pilot the ability to deselect the ADF and select the TCAD.
6.3 CHECKOUT
Final checkout of the TCAD should be done away from reflective areas. Non-reflective
areas can be found a few hundred feet from aluminum structures such as hangars, or
opposite the corner of the hangar where reflected signals will reflect away from the
aircraft, not toward it.
shield is grounded at one end for optimum effectiveness. Sometimes grounding at both
ends is the most effective arrangement. If audio interference is still a problem, contact the
factory.
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