Dr.M.G.

R University - EEE Department Research Paper Preparation Format as Per IET-UK

DATA TRANSMISSION THROUGH POWER LINE

COMMUNICATION SYSTEM USING X-10 PROTOCOL
Anish Kumar (anish1034@gmail.com, Contact No.-08144292062), Abhijeet
anand (abhijeeteee88@gmail.com, Contact No.-9962356690), Animesh ghosh
(aniighosh@yahoo.com, Contact No.-9543245874)

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,

Dr. M. G. R. University, Chennai-95, India

Keyword: - Microcontroller (89S52), X-10 data is transmitted over power line which is
protocol (transmitter & receiver), sensors, 230V/50Hz supply. As it works on such a high
(fire, temperature & gas) and LCD Display. voltage the data can’t be traced or hacked. So it
is one of the safest techniques to transmit data.
Abstract One of the most advantage is, it doesn’t need
fuzzy wires or separate wiring for this
X10 protocol is meant for data communication over transmission.
the power line which carries 230V, 50 Hz Ac
supply. Here we are going to use the power line in
the industry for data acquisition purpose. This is an
improvement of data communication over the
power line. In this we propose a system that uses x- 2 Literature Review:-
10 protocol for transmitting & receiving the data.
After an extensive survey of various methods we X10 FOR HOME CONTROL
found that the data which sends through the x-10 SYSTEMS:-
protocol, i.e. very secure. From this way no one can
track or theft the data. The innovative feature of
these devices is that they transmit data on the power When different networks are joined a gate way
line, using the concept of conveyed wave (zero must perform the functions of media
crossing). translation, address translation,
1) INTRODUCTION authentication/filtering and system
management. The Residential Gateway (RG)
In recent years, concern over the data performs these functions for the Home. One of
transmission, we used many devices to transmit the technologies widely used for HCS is X10
data, but when it comes to sensitivity, we don’t protocol which is used for data
have a proper and secure technique to transmit
transmission.X10 communicates between
the data. Hacking and losing of data has become
transmitter and receiver by sending and
common in transmission.
receiving signals over the power line wiring.
Today, the situations of data transmission have These signals involve short RF bursts which
become a serious concern. The data which is represent digital information. This protocol
transmitted simply can be seen or tracked by any has be used as it has many advantages
one very easily and this is a serious problem in including being inexpensive, no new wiring
our day to day life. required, simple to install, compatible with
many products, controls up to 256 devices. The
So to overcome these problems, we are using
power line communication system using X-10 X10 home automation system [23] provides
Protocol to transmit data. In this technique the a convenient means for interfacing the
 Dr.M.G.R University - EEE Department Research Paper Preparation Format as Per IET-UK
appliances in the home With the help of the
RG. Household electrical wiring is used to send
digital data between X10 devices. This digital
data is encoded onto a 120 kHz carrier which is
transmitted as bursts during the relatively
quiet zero crossings of the 50 or 60 Hz AC
alternating current waveform. One bit is
transmitted at each zero crossing. The digital
data consists of an address and a command
sent from a controller to a controlled device.
CONCLUSION:-
 Concentrating on the network reliability
aspect we explored three different
techniques to improve the overall
system reliability: standard protocol
(XIO) for the forward and reverse
views, standard protocol (XIO) for the
forward view and the wired Ethernet for
the reverse view, standard protocol
(XIO) for the forward view and the
wireless Bluetooth for the reverse view.
 The delays associated with controlling
the appliances via the internet,
especially the wireless internet, needs to
be factored in - for example, if one gives
the command to the garage door to close
it may not be easy to stop the closure
before the door has completely closed.
So we are using x-10 for controlling the
delays and making it safe and secure to
control the appliances.
2) Methodology
The proposed system is a configuration that
transmits any type of audio and video signals.
The system consists of two sections:-
(I) Transmitter section. (II) Receiver
section.
In the transmitter section, i.e consist of sensing
devices like temperature sensor, fire sensor, gas
sensor & micro-controller & x-10 transmitter
that will transmit the data, while the receiver
section, it consist of x-10 receiver & LCD
display, that receives the data through X-10
receiver which is displayed by using PC or LCD
display. Now the data is either an audio or video
(i.e. analog or digital) which is to be sending on
power line communication system. All the data
which is transmitted and received, they are
having some address i.e. house code and number
code. Now the house code consist of A to P
address (i.e.16 address) and number code consist
of 1-16 (i.e. 16 address) so totally we have 16 x
16= 256 addresses for sending one data from
one place to another. In the receiver section, it is
having some similar address like transmitting
section, then what it receive the data.
In the first node i.e. (Transmitter section) the
sensing device tracks the data, and address is
selected on which the data has to be sent.
Microcontroller processes the data according to
the X-10 protocol and send through the X-10
transmitter. In second node i.e. (receiver section)
where the data is received and transformed into
required signal and displayed on P.C or LCD
Display. Applications which are to shown. They
are i) fire detection ii) Temperature detection
& iii) Gas detection.
 Dr.M.G.R University - EEE Department Research Paper Preparation Format as Per IET-UK
BLOCK DIAGRAM:-
LCD
3.1 DATA TRANSMISSION THROUGH
POWER LINE COMMUNICATION
SYSTEM
This is a section in which any type of data i.e.
analog or digital can be transmitting. The main
component in this project is x-10 transmitter &
receiver, which is nothing but a one way & two
way switch and others components are, sensing
devices like temperature sensor, fire sensor, gas
sensor and microcontroller.
3.1.1 SCOPE:-
The current work concentrates on the design and
development of prototype transmitter and
receiver, including the program software to
control a microcontroller, for data transmission.
The development of the transmitter and the
receiver of this proposed System could be used
to connect the power meter, resulting in an
integrated automated Electrical power meter for
household application. This is for the purpose of
energy monitoring to increase the efficiency of
energy management. The device is designed
Using programmable microcontroller, ICs and
electrical components. Programmable
Microcontroller is used for controlling data
communication between the transmitter and the
receiver and for sending and receiving signals
over the power line wiring. The Language used
to program the dedicated microcontroller is
assembly language. X10Protocol is implemented
for the data transmission.
3.1.2 MICROCONTROLLER
A Microcontroller (sometimes
abbreviated µC, MCU) is a small computer on a
single integrated circuit containing a processor
core, memory, and
programmable input/output peripherals.
Program memory in the form of OTP ROM is
also often included on chip, as well as a
typically small amount of RAM.
Microcontrollers are designed for embedded
applications, in contrast to the microprocessors
used in personal computers or other general
purpose applications.
Microcontrollers are used in automatically
controlled products and devices, such as
automobile engine control systems, implantable
medical devices, remote controls, office
Machines, appliances, power tools, and toys. By
reducing the size and cost compared to a design
that uses a separate microprocessor, memory,
and input/output devices, microcontrollers make
it economical to digitally control even more
devices and processes. Mixed signal
microcontrollers are common, integrating analog
components needed to control non-digital
electronic systems.
Some microcontrollers may use four-bit words
and operate at clock rate frequencies as low as
4 kHz, for low power consumption (mill watts
or microwatts). They will generally have the
ability to retain functionality while waiting for
an event such as a button press or other
interrupt; power consumption while sleeping
(CPU clock and most peripherals off) may be
just nano watts, making many of them well
suited for long lasting battery applications.
3.1.2.1 Advantage of Microcontroller:-
i) Cost: Microcontrollers with the supplementary
circuit components are much cheaper than a
computer with an analog and digital I/O.
ii) Size and Weight: Microcontrollers are
compact and light compared to computers
iii) Simple applications: If the application
requires very few number of I/O and the code is
relatively small, which do not require extended
 Dr.M.G.R University - EEE Department Research Paper Preparation Format as Per IET-UK
amount of memory and a simple LCD display is
sufficient as a user interface, a microcontroller
would be suitable for this application.
iv) Reliability: Since the architecture is much
simpler than a computer it is less likely to fail.
v) Speed:  All the components on the
microcontroller are located on a single piece of
silicon. Hence, the applications run much faster
than it does on a computer.
3.1.3 INTRODUCTION OF POWER
SUPPLY
A 230v, 50Hz Single phase AC power supply is
given to a step down transformer to get 12v
supply. This voltage is converted to DC voltage
using a Bridge Rectifier. The converted
pulsating DC voltage is filtered by a 2200uf
capacitor and then given to 7805 voltage
regulator to obtain constant 5v supply. This 5v
supply is given to all the components in the
circuit. A RC time constant circuit is added to
discharge all the capacitors quickly. To ensure
the power supply a LED is connected for
indication purpose.
 Pin-1 Vss - Ground
 Pin-2 VDD-Power 5V
 Pin-3 VEE- LCD Contrast Adjustment
3.1.4 X-10 PROTOCOL
X10 protocol is meant for data communication
over the power line which carries 230V, 50 Hz
Ac supply. Here we are going to use the power
line in the industry for data acquisition purpose.
This is an improvement of data communication
over the power line. X10 is an international and
open industry standard for communication
among electronic devices used for home
automation, also known as domestics. It
primarily uses power line wiring for signalling
and control, where the signals involve brief
radio frequency bursts representing digital
information. Whether using power line or radio
communications, packets transmitted using the
X10 control protocol consist of a four bit house
code followed by one or more four bit unit code,
finally followed by a four bit command.
The device is a hardware interface that allows
control data communication over the power line.
Its purpose is that of translating the serial output
provided by some digital service, like a
microcontroller, into a coded pulse train that is
suitable for being transmitted over the usual
domestic power lines. Conversely, the interface
is able to extract such messages from the power
line and to convert them into serial streams that
the connected digital device can read. The
interface therefore acts like a modem, allowing
the employment of the common electrical
supply network of a building as a local area
network. When coupled with a programmable
digital device, such as a microprocessor or a
microcontroller, the device allows the
realization of “intelligent” and “communicative”
equipments that can interact with similar objects
over a domestic network, without the need of
installing a dedicating wiring.
3.1.4.1 X-10 TECHNOLOGY
FEACTURES & ADVANTAGES:
 It sends data on 230 volts, 50 Hz AC supply.
 For operating one device, 256 addresses are
used only because of house & number code.
 Transmitting the data in dangerous or unsafe
place.
 Data sending speed is too fast i.e. 1200
bit/second.
 Avoid all fuzzy wires connections.
WORKING FUNCTION OF THE
COMPONENT:
FUNCTIONAL KIT DESCRIPTION
1) POWER (ON& Main power supply, which
OFF) consist of 230volts, 50 Hz
ac supply.
2) X-10 IC Transmitting & receiving
the data
 Dr.M.G.R University - EEE Department Research Paper Preparation Format as Per IET-UK

3) PORT 0 Provide high input detected, the motor connected in these sequence
impedance starts rotating. And in the receiver side the LCD
4) PORT 1 Low order address bit
displays HIGH, the result of detection of gas as
5) PORT 2 High order address bit gas detected.

6) PORT 3 Receives control signal for

flash program &
verification. IMPLEMENTATION OF OUTPUT:-
7) 7808 VOLTAGE To obtain 5V supply &
REGULATOR give to all component of
the circuit.
8) LED Indicating the status of the APPLICATI SENSOR USED INPUT OUTPUT
power supply, i.e. current ON
is coming or not in the
circuit. FIRE LDR(LIGHT DETECTED DETECTED
DETECTOR
RESISTOR)
IMPLEMENTATION & OUTPUT TEMPERAT TEMPERATURE 17 degree HIGH
URE SENSOR ONWARD
i) Fire detection
ii) Temperature detection GAS GAS SENSOR HIGH HIGH
iii) Gas detection

1) Fire detection

In the fire detection, when LDR detects the

3.2.2 APPLICATION:--
presence of fire, LED light stars glowing and in
the LCD it display’s the detection of fire at i) In industries(power plants)
transmitter section. A motor connected to this
circuit starts rotating on detection and at receiver ii) Surveillances (security purpose)
section, detection of fire are displayed on the iii) Home & building automation
LCD, as fire DETECTED.
iv) Automatic meter reading
2) Temperature detection
RESULT:-
In temperature detection, when sensor detects
In this paper, we have described a system to
increase in temperature, the LED light starts
transmit data from transmitter to receiver using
glowing and the fan connected to it starts
X-10 protocol. It is having a X-10 transmitter
rotating. These functions are operating in
and receiver and microcontroller technology. It
transmitter side. Here we have fixed some
realizes the function of transmitting data using
temperature initially (17-18), but when
X-10 protocol. The system consists of most
temperature rise is detected, the LCD shows the
advanced and secured technique to send the
rise in temperature, and at receiver side it
data.
displays the data in the LCD display as high
TEMPRATURE. CONCLUSION:-
3) Gas detection In this paper, we have described a system
offering a solution to transmit the data from
In the gas detector, whenever there is a gas
transmitter to receiver with the help of X-10
leakage then the gas sensor detects the presence
protocol, and microcontroller technology. It
of gas and the LED light starts glowing and in
realizes the function of transmitting data using
the LCD display and give the output as gas
 Dr.M.G.R University - EEE Department Research Paper Preparation Format as Per IET-UK

X-10 protocol. The system consists of most 106.

advanced and secured technology which
provides a perfect platform to transmit data. On
comparison with other devices its performance
is much more reliable and highly accurate. As it
has higher frequency than other, much reliable
economically and simple to handle. The
transmitting range of X-10 is about (100-120)
fits whereas other devices such as Bluetooth
have a short range of (5-10) meters.
FUTURE WORK:-
In future this project can be implemented in
industries. It will make the industrial devices
more compatible. It will ensure the safety of the
employees as it can detect the fault using
sensing elements in the industry and the fault
can be removed. It will increase the efficiency of
the equipment’s used in industry.
7. L. Chung, B. A. Nixon, E. Yu, and J.
Mylopoulos Non-Functional Requirements in
Software Engineering , Kluwer Academic
Publishers, Boston, 2000.
8. J.O. Limb & D.Sala, “A Protocol for efficient
transfer of data over fiber or coax systems”,
IEEE Tran. On Networking, Vol. 5, No. 6 Dec.
1997.
9. C.C.Lee, R.Citta & D.Lin, “Performance
analysis of adaptive random access protocol for
CATV Networks” Contribution to the IEEE
802.14 WG, No. 802.14/95-144, Oct. 1995.
10. D. Bertsekas & R. Gallagar, “Data
Networks”, Prentice Hall 1992.

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