The Mammalian Cell - Unique Morphologies of Some Specialized Cells

The Mammalian Cell –
Unique Morphologies of Some

Specialized Cells
Histology
With Professor Geoffrey Meyer
Jesús Manuel Segura Herrera, 20130871@ce.pucmm.edu.do
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© www.lecturio.com | This document is protected by copyright.
Learning Objectives
At the end of this lecture you should…
• …know the variety of cells that have

structural components that enable them to
have very specialized functions.

Morphology of Specialized Cells
• Epithelial cells
• Conducting cells
• Contractile cells
• Electrolyte and water-transporting cells
• Protein-producing cells/proteo-
synthetically active cells
• Mucus-producing cells/mucous
cells/mucinous cells
• Steroid-producing cells

Epithelial Cells
Lumen Basal body

Cilia
Microvilli
Apical domain
Tight junction
Basolateral
domain
Nucleus
Basement membrane
F.l.t.r.: © by Lecturio; OpenStax
Jesús Manuel College,
Segura Illustration
Herrera, from Anatomy,
20130871@ce.pucmm.edu.do
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2304_Pseudostratified_Epithelium.jpg, CC BY 3.0, cropped
Epithelial Cells
Lumen Basal body

Cilia
Microvilli
Apical domain
Tight junction
Basolateral
domain
Nucleus
Basement membrane
Segura Illustration
Epithelial Cells
Lumen Basal body

Cilia
Microvilli
Apical domain
Tight junction
Basolateral
domain
Nucleus
Basement membrane
Segura Illustration
Epithelial Cells
Lumen Basal body

Cilia
Microvilli
Apical domain
Tight junction
Basolateral
domain
Nucleus
Basement membrane
Segura Illustration
Epithelial Cells
Lumen Basal body

Cilia
Microvilli
Apical domain
Tight junction
Basolateral
domain
Nucleus
Basement membrane
Segura Illustration
Epithelial Cells
Surface specializations – microvilli (brush border)

Small intestine
© by GeoffreyJesús
Meyer, Meyer’s
Manuel Histology,
Segura (http://histology-online.com)
Herrera, 20130871@ce.pucmm.edu.do
Epithelial Cells

Small intestine
Meyer, Meyer’s
Manuel Histology,
Epithelial Cells

Glycocalyx (cell coat)
Meyer, Meyer’s
Manuel Histology,
Epithelial Cells
Surface specializations – cilia

Basal bodies – epithelium (nasal cavity)
Meyer, Meyer’s
Manuel Histology,
Epithelial Cells
Surface specializations – cilia

Basal bodies
Meyer, Meyer’s
Manuel Histology,
Epithelial Cells
Surface specializations – stereocilia

Epididymis (male reproductive system)
Meyer, Meyer’s
Manuel Histology,
Epithelial Cells
Keratinization
Skin
Meyer, Meyer’s
Manuel Histology,
Epithelial Cells
Surface specializations – protein plaques

Umbrella cells (urothelium – urinary tract)
Meyer, Meyer’s
Manuel Histology,
Conducting Cells
Bipolar
interneuron
Unipolar
sensory
neuron
Multipolar
motor neuron
F.l.t.r.: Holly Fischer, Three Basic Types of Neuronal Arrangements, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Three_Basic_Types_of_Neuronal_Arrangements.png,

CC BY 3.0, edited; The Emirr, TE-Nervous system diagram, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TE-Nervous_system_diagram.svg, CC BY 3.0, edited
Conducting Cells
Motor neurons (ventral horn of spinal cord)
Meyer, Meyer’s
Manuel Histology,
Conducting Cells
Motor neurons (ventral horn of spinal cord)
Meyer, Meyer’s
Manuel Histology,
Conducting Cells
SA node
AV node
Bundle
of His
Purkinje
fibers Left
bundle
branch
Right
bundle
branch
F.l.t.r.: © by Geoffrey Meyer, Segura

Jesús Manuel Meyer’sHerrera,
Histology, (http://histology-online.com); © by Lecturio
Conducting Cells
Purkinje fibers (specialized cardiac muscle fibers)
Meyer, Meyer’s
Manuel Histology,
Conducting Cells
Cardiac muscle fibers
Meyer, Meyer’s
Manuel Histology,
Contractile Cells – Myoepithelial Cells
Meyer, Meyer’s
Manuel Histology,
Contractile Cells – Myoepithelial Cells
Meyer, Meyer’s
Manuel Histology,
Contractile Cells
Skeletal muscle Smooth muscle Cardiac muscle
OpenStax College,
JesúsAnatomy & Physiology,
Manuel Segura https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:414_Skeletal_Smooth_Cardiac.jpg,
Herrera, 20130871@ce.pucmm.edu.do CC BY 4.0, edited

Contractile Cells
Skeletal muscle fibers
OpenStax College,
JesúsAnatomy & Physiology,
Manuel Segura https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:414_Skeletal_Smooth_Cardiac.jpg,
Herrera, 20130871@ce.pucmm.edu.do CC BY 4.0, edited

Contractile Cells
Smooth muscle fibers
Meyer, Meyer’s
Manuel Histology,
Electrolyte and Water-transporting Cells
Gallbladder
Meyer, Meyer’s
Manuel Histology,
Electrolyte and Water-transporting Cells
Gallbladder
Meyer, Meyer’s
Manuel Histology,
Protein-secreting Cells
Acinar cells Intercalated cells Striated duct cells

Internet Archive Book
Jesús Images,
Manuel PD, edited
Segura Herrera, 20130871@ce.pucmm.edu.do
Pancreatic acinar cell (digestive enzymes)
Meyer, Meyer’s
Manuel Histology,
Pancreatic acinar cell (digestive enzymes)
Meyer, Meyer’s
Manuel Histology,
Mucus-secreting Cells
Submandibular gland
Meyer, Meyer’s
Manuel Histology,
Goblet cell
F.l.t.r.: InternetJesús
Archive Book Segura
Manuel Images,Herrera,
PD; OpenStax College, Anatomy & Physiology, Goblet Cell new,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:404_Goblet_Cell_new.jpg, CC BY 3.0, edited
Goblet cell
Meyer, Meyer’s
Manuel Histology,
Goblet cell
Meyer, Meyer’s
Manuel Histology,
Goblet cell
Meyer, Meyer’s
Manuel Histology,
Steroid-secreting Cells
Adrenal gland
Capsule Hormones:
Mineralocorticoid
Zona glomerulosa
(aldosterone)
Glucocorticoids
Zona fasciculata (e.g. cortisol)
and
Gonadocorticoids
(DHEA and
Zona reticularis androstenedione)
Medulla Epinephrine and

Norepinephrine
© by Lecturio Jesús Manuel Segura Herrera, 20130871@ce.pucmm.edu.do

Adrenal cortex
Meyer, Meyer’s
Manuel Histology,
Argentaffin cell (small intestine)
Meyer, Meyer’s
Manuel Histology,
Argentaffin cell (small intestine)
Meyer, Meyer’s
Manuel Histology,
This document is a property of: Jesús Manuel Segura Herrera
Note: This document is copyright protected. It may not be copied, reproduced, used, or
distributed in any way without the written authorization of Lecturio GmbH.


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The Mammalian Cell –

Unique Morphologies of Some

At the end of this lecture you should…

• …know the variety of cells that have

Jesús Manuel Segura Herrera, 20130871@ce.pucmm.edu.do

• Electrolyte and water-transporting cells

Jesús Manuel Segura Herrera, 20130871@ce.pucmm.edu.do

Lumen Basal body

Lumen Basal body

Lumen Basal body

Lumen Basal body

Lumen Basal body

Surface specializations – microvilli (brush border)

Surface specializations – microvilli (brush border)

Surface specializations – microvilli (brush border)

Surface specializations – cilia

Surface specializations – cilia

Surface specializations – stereocilia

Surface specializations – protein plaques

F.l.t.r.: Holly Fischer, Three Basic Types of Neuronal Arrangements, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Three_Basic_Types_of_Neuronal_Arrangements.png,

Motor neurons (ventral horn of spinal cord)

Motor neurons (ventral horn of spinal cord)

F.l.t.r.: © by Geoffrey Meyer, Segura

Purkinje fibers (specialized cardiac muscle fibers)

Cardiac muscle fibers

Skeletal muscle Smooth muscle Cardiac muscle

Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Skeletal muscle fibers

Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Smooth muscle fibers

Acinar cells Intercalated cells Striated duct cells

Pancreatic acinar cell (digestive enzymes)

Pancreatic acinar cell (digestive enzymes)

Medulla Epinephrine and

Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Argentaffin cell (small intestine)

Argentaffin cell (small intestine)

Jesús Manuel Segura Herrera, 20130871@ce.pucmm.edu.do

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