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(90% certain - UH eu ‘eae nave cat ‘er | td ‘toga e ee (past) He must have rived by now.) He shouldooatt to coe | (positive; I'm sure he has arrived.) 1 eoecara tive fet =. poempiaaites tie | ee He ne aaa fave ieee baat re fase foes oh ee tte slo ulations. (F advise you; most yay wit mafora| pet bles) Became aery + 8 good idea; advice on a. specific situation) cago oe enh would have been better if you 4 hadn't lied to ner. (BUT you did) We nul ‘Rave. stayed ionger if { sta ‘enter the competition? warted, (suagesiion-pasl) | (asking for advice)ee aeEXPRESSING PREFERENCE _ttps’/www.cristinacabal.com/advanced/expressing_proference htm You had better see a lawyer ( less emphatic than Must") You should/ought to see a lawyer (even less emphatic) ot2 720/201, 4:45 PMEXPRESSING PREFERENCE. www cristinacabal.com/advanced/expressing_peference hi EXPRESSING PREFERENCE + PREFER: + Noun+TO +Noun-: prefer coffeeto tea ING Form+ TO +ING Form . :.° I'prefer skiing to swimming. = to talk about general preferences fds + TO Infinitiys + RATHER THAN Bare Infinitive; I prefer to eat + fish rather than (eat) meat to talk about general preferences * WOULD PREFER + TO Infinitive : Would you like to have a cup of coffee? I'd prefer to have some water. = To talk about specific p-eference ? Another clause can be introduced by rather than + bare infinitive : He'd prefer to stay at home rather than drive to the restaurant ? Prefer takes an object wher. we want to introduce a new subject: I would prefer ker to stay at home + WOULD RATHER/SOONER SAME SUBJECT : followed by the bare infinitive: I'd rather play football than golf hut I prefer football to golf Or the Perfect Infinitive: I'd rather have stayed at home DIFFERENT SUBJECT: — Use a Past Teuse with present or future meaning: Shall I open the window4 I'd rather you didn't — Use a Past Perfect with past meaning: I'd rather you hadn't called him old * HAD BETTER + Bare Infinitive (= should/ought) Youhad/d better book your flight early Td better not take out a loan; I won't be able to pay it back This structure is uzed to give advice or to say what ihe best thing to do in a particular situation is. Had better is more emphatic than Should or Ought to but it is not as emphatic as Must You must see a lawyer . (strong advice) 2 7/20/2019, 4:45 PMHow to Express Your Opinion in English tps./exrningenglish.voanews.comva/hiow-io-express-youropinio of2 Ahoy ¢ et mg spin : : Many phrases are sui:able in everyday speech and some types of writing, such as on blogs and personal websites. You have probably already seen or used some of these phrases: Common phrases © Ithink... Add strength But suppose you wanted to make the statement stronger. You can do it by adding an adverb or adjective. Fer example: © Ireally think... Formal phrases Next, let’s look at a few phrases that are more commor in formal situations. You might, for example, hear one of these at a business meeting o: a conference, ot ina formal Paper: © From my point of view... Asking for opinions So, imagine you've exp:essed yourself. But what about the opinion of others? Often, when we express an ofinion or. suggestion, it's a good idea to ask other people for theirs. Phrases like these help show our desire to hear “rom others: © What do you think Agreeing & disagreeing 7122/20:9,9:45 AMSlow tp Express Your Opinion in English Jhitps:/flcarningenglish voanews.com/a/how-io-express-youropinic Agreeing is the easy part. To show agreement, you can use short, clear statements, Let's suppose a friend says, “I think summer is way more fin than winter!” You might show you agree by giving oe of these responses: © Sodol. With close friends or ‘amily, we can use informal, direct phrases to say we disagree. You might say something like: ; © Idisagree! jor2 7/22N019, 9:45 AMSome ways of expressing time, | Rlibemis Blog - Radical language [ngpsifiivern. wordpress.com/2009/06/04/some-waysotexpressit ---Some ways of expressing time, Approximate times © about about 4 0°elocke ‘ * shortly after We arrived shortly after/shortly before micnight Periods of the day + dawn When the sun rises © dusk When the sun sets Time as a modifier + amorning's work Prepositions with time + after (Ican meet you after 10.0'clock,) Frequently asked- the difference between in time and on time + + in time means not latz ~ He arrived in time for the meeting 79212019, 9:48 AMDoyou have the time? inups:/oww. vocabulix.com/grammar/expresting-time.sh * Expressing Time in English i ace vac ‘On tent Amore informal way of excresiing time Inveives tho words ‘an pet Iie serene eva ae re Shut ete ene Dawtrey 008 tn ck an noi oo Eres ner tes ‘The formal wey fo» . fi Senna rata ere nee i at at tceBahone nese a Examples: 20°20" fora) 7203 Sen ory ‘Abts sho fant erien” Lain tr before non, sts aed when we tk about he mom 1209, PM shot er "oxtmarden” Qn rer nt) ot ae nen we abet he altmsonor vesing ete 1200, examples: 419 ou thoes am, Morning, Noon, ARemoon, Evenitg, Night Worm ASH he nor wy, sen eevee be mori” ang re de Ct what eth day comps 200-60 (oon) in me morning 1500“tiree (cbc nt tartan TRARY, 9:49 AM,Expressing purpose; reason/cause; resut/ffect -leara Englishgr.. ‘utp:/tanguagelearningbase.com/1964 expressing ppurpose-reaso1 , MEE Mang Purp Result: asa ae ' | las a resi ‘consequently. | if...then iti pitmeans | therefore quence: coy ied . a Examples: + He missed the early trein, as a result he was too late for the job interview. * Tne result of his tal, therefore, could hardly have been other than a foregone conclusion, * Hfhe locked the door, then Kitty is trapped inside. => ' ne ve mf aL 7122/2018, 9:53 AM.NV €5%6 “eLOUZeML (reas) ysioua ae (uesee)) you ye: (uosse:) ueipaany ue us (yyounsai oa si) ya (@ ouoseaypesnes aq s1¥) a= ¥ [peysouucoisu sae 3Jn994 pus woseey LON (yon 09} 9g pjnom ues ay ut seu, hues ssn ,ueo nok a) UeBe9KL9APUE BLUIOY aN Sy PU uBR LAK PEBN ALO S21 ‘Buns lela Jo}oUUCO yee! per youl Aug OB pur CuDesds Lay VOLAWOD APLIBIXE S!,CS, ‘1019 mos6 ouues sean ied ‘alee, “guned po e s pueAa (9 suosguaHs Suxgou oper pepicap 28 09 a 2A MO. AUP | 0s 4Nseas ssaidxa 0} MO} quot ‘og-imsar-ssoudxo-oy-moqyreummes8/t0o ys} suo epouyymNy/sy [sourarnsd :yoySuez-vipoury ay] —ans0s srosdxo 0} 80:How to express reason —{Multimedia-2rglish: grammar) ‘psi/nultimedia-english com/grammarihow to-expross-reasotn: How to express reason ‘*orcause (c} | was worried because Tally was ale roe ee eaten en use the form ‘CAUSE (a eplled: oe. cos rev, cus American Englsh Het cause | was getting bored ‘BECAUSE OF +noun (9) ‘THS'Sa preposition, soit s not folowed by 2 clause with a verb, itis followed, bya noun or noun phrase ‘She was late because af the trafic Was tired because of allthe hard work @AS/SIICE (c) Thes> conjunctions are fom ‘ess formal language we prefer the ecuivalent wth SO: As Sartell have © stay home (= twas raining again, sc we had te say at homo) Shee itetoo late, ink we shculd Sp now (= itwastoo Ito 90 I hinkwe snoua oor) casera ches an te fetson is aroady wall krown, ot Is less important then the vest ofthe sertence, ‘These clauses often begin the sartence: ‘Se I speakno Gammén, we had to cemmunicato in English ‘Since its too late, we stould leave itfor tomorrow "tS very nosy here, since we iva close to a motorway Compare: + Sorry, Imst go bocause thave a meeting at 5 ving you new information) ~ Since today is Sunday, lot's slay af hone and. (we beth snow that today is Sunday) (@ THAT'S (THE REASON) WHY (c) ‘Ths relative causes vats commony Used to express reason (espacial int snot version) ‘My car's broken, that's the reason why came walking | dient iow she was your sitar. that’s why dio tats her ‘Youspeak very geod Engish. Oh yes, orgot your mother's English. Thats why iat W22N019, 9:55 AM