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Work, Energy & Power
Work, Energy & Power
Work, Energy & Power
Sec 3 Exp/NA
1
Specific Instructional
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
2
Work
• What does WORK mean to you?
• Are you doing WORK when…
– Lifting weights?
– Walking with a big bag of grocery in your
hand?
– Completing your homework assignment?
– Writing an essay?
3
Physics concept of WORK
• WORK is done only when a constant
force applied on an object, causes the
object to move in the same direction as
the force applied.
4
Physics concept of WORK
• What IS considered as work done in
Physics:
5
Physics concept of WORK
• What is NOT considered as work done:
6
Physics concept of WORK
WORK can be calculated by:
Work done, W= F x s
= 50 x 200
= 10,000 J
or
10 kJ (kilo-Joules)
8
More Examples of WORK:
• Jack put on his bag-pack of weight 120 N. He
then starts running on level ground for 100 m
before he started to climb up a ladder up a
height of 10 m. How much work was done?
From Physics point of view, no work is done on pack at
level ground. Reason: Lift is perpendicular to movement.
Work is done on pack only when Jack climbs up the ladder.
Work done, W = F x s
= 120 x 10
= 1200 J or 1.2 kJ
9
Specific Instructional
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
10
Energy – Quick Re-cap
• Energy is the capacity to do work
• SI Unit: Joule (J)
• Many forms
• Common ones:
– Kinetic
– Potential
– Electric
– Chemical
– Solar
– Nuclear 11
Kinetic Energy (KE)
• A form of energy that a body in motion
possess.
• A body a rest, will it possess any KE?
• Examples:
– Bullet shot out from pistol
– Helicopter flying at 120km/h
12
Kinetic Energy (KE)
• The amount of KE of a moving body
depends on:
– Mass of body (kg)
– Velocity (ms-1)
13
Kinetic Energy (KE)
• Formula:
KE = ½ m v2
Velocity, V
Mass = m kg
15
Examples of KE
• Find the KE of an empty van of mass 1000kg moving at 2m/s.
KE of van at 2m/s = ½ x 1000 x (2)2
= 2000 J = 2 kJ
17
Examples of KE
• A motorcycle accelerates at 2m/s2 from rest for
5s. Find the KE of motorcycle after 5s. Mass of
motorcycle is 200 kg.
Velocity of motorcycle after 5s, a = (v-u)
t
v = 2(5) + 0 = 10m/s
18
Specific Instructional
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
19
Potential Energy
• Potential energy is the energy possessed
by an object as a result of its POSITION or
CONDITION.
20
Elastic PE
• Energy that can be possessed by an
object due to its CONDITION. Examples:
21
Gravitational PE
• Energy that can be possessed by an object
due to its POSITION.
22
Gravitational PE
• Examples:
23
Gravitational PE
• Can be calculated with:
GPE = mass gravitational height above
acceleration ground level
= m g h Object on top of
g building, of mass, m
Units: earth
Distance from
[J] [kg] [m/s ]
2
[m] ground, h
Ground,
0 GPE
SI Units of GPE : Joule [J]
24
Example of GPE
• You lifted your bags to the top of your table.
What can you say about the GPE of your bag?
– Zero, increase, decrease
27
Specific Instructional
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, students should be
able to:
• But this sand can change position, from the top to bottom and
Likewise energy can change in
bottom to top!
form eg. From KE PE 30
Conservation of Energy
• Note that energy CANNOT be created nor
destroyed!
31
Co nse rvat io n o f Ene rgy
32
Co nve rs io n o f Ene rg y
• For O-Levels, we are only concerned with:
• KE GPE
• Ro lle r- co ast e r
• Falling o bje ct
34
Fre e Falling o bje ct mo de l
35
Eg. of Conservation of Energy
• A fresh durian of mass 5 kg is found growing at the end of a tree
branch 20 m above ground. When ripe, the durian will by itself
drops to the ground below. Let gravity = 10m/s2.
• Find the energy of the fresh durian? What form is it?