PURPOSE AND GOALS OF

COMMUNICATION
 OBJECTIVES

1.  1. Definition Of Communication

2.  2. Function of Communication
3.  3. Purpose of Communication
4.  4. Types of Communication
 DEFINITION FOR
COMMUNICATION

• The establishment of a commonness or

sharing of information, ideas, and
understanding with receivers
• The process of transmitting and
receiving verbal and non verbal
messages that produce a response
 FUNCTION OF
COMMUNICATION

• To provide information

• To give command/instruction
• To influence or persuade
• To integrate and unite
 DEFINITION FOR
HUMAN COMMUNICATION

A dynamic process of creating

meaning between two or more
people
 THE COMMUNICATION
PROCESSS MODEL

received received
thought signal acoustic signal thought

central linguistic Transmission central

linguistic
thought encoder through a thought
encoder
process channel process

noise
Sender’s context Receiver’s context

Feedback

1.The encoder (sender) initiates the communication by creating a message.

2. Message is sent to the decoder (receiver) through a communication channel.
3. The receiver responds to the message through the use of feedback.
4. Transactions can be initiated by sender and receiver.
MAIN ELEMENTS IN HUMAN
COMMUNICATION

•  1. Sender (encoder)
•  2. Receiver (decoder)
•  3. Input/message
•  4. Channel
•  5. Feedback
•  6. Noise
CHANNEL
 CLASSIFIC ATION OF CHANNELS

In choosing your channel, analyse your receiver in 4 areas:

•  Knowledge
•  interests,
•  attitudes,
•  emotional state
RECEIVER (DECODER)
 4 AREAS WHEN
ANALYZING RECEIVER

• 1. Knowledge: How much does receiver

know about discussion
• 2. Interest: Is receiver interested in topic
• 3. Attitudes: How is receiver likely to react
to my message
• 4. Emotional states: Is receiver in right frame
of mind
FEEDBACK
 FEEDBACK

• Provide feedback to sender

• Indicate to sender if message is understood
• Sender (of message) should directly or
indirectly ask for response
• Ask precise questions or make clear
statement
 PURPOSE OF
COMMUNICATION

• 1. Gain receiver understanding

• 2. Obtain constructive response from
receiver
•  3. Development and maintenance of
good relationship
 GOALS OF COMMUNIC ATION

GOAL 1: Facilitate receiver understanding

-both sender and receiver share the same meaning or
idea
 GOALS OF COMMUNIC ATION

GOAL 2: Obtain a constructive response

- positive / negative
- can be in the form of words, signals or actions

Thus, a receiver may provide:

•  a verbal response
•  a signal
•  an action
 GOALS OF COMMUNIC ATION

GOAL 3: Develop and maintain good

relationship
TUTORIAL SESSION
 GROUP ACTIVITY: CHINESE WHISPER

•  1. Please stand in a line next to each other.

•  2. You will receive instruction of convey a
message with your group members.
•  3. The final recipient of the message must speak
and act out the message that has been received.
BARRIERS TO COMMUNIC ATION
COMMUNICATION BARRIERS
(INTERFERENCES)

Involves:

• the sender & the receiver

• message and channel
 PROCESSES INVOLVED IN
BARRIERS:

• 1. Encoding barriers

• 2. Decoding barriers
• 3. Transmitting barriers
• 4. Responding barriers
 ENCODING BARRIERS

Breakdown will happen if sender:

§ Fails to recognize receiver’s needs, status,
knowledge and skills
§ Encodes message using bad grammar or
appropriate language
§ Provides too much or too little information
§ Is emotionally disturbed while formulating message
 DECODING BARRIERS

Communication may be unsuccessful if the receiver :

§  Has inadequate language proficiency
§  Is not in proper mental stage to receive ng
message
 TRANSMITTING BARRIERS

The receiver may find the message difficult to

understand if:
§  There are distractions such as noise
§  Wrong choice of channel is made
 RESPONDING BARRIERS

Communication is unsuccessful is no appropriate

feedback is received.
COMMUNICATION
 WRITTEN
COMMUNICATION
COMMON TYPES OF
COMMUNICATION
 VISUAL
COMMUNICATION

Ø Use of images and

visual effects to
convey information
and ideas
Ø Use of icons and
emoticons
Ø Use print models
(3D) to ilustrate
drawing or sketches
Ø Use in
presentations and
emails
 WHY DOES VISUAL COMMUNIC ATION MATTER

Ø It saves time by relating messages

faster
Ø Ensures clear, unified message
Ø Results in better retention of
information
NON VERBAL COMMUNIC ATION

•  Facial expressions
•  Eye contact
•  Body posture and position
•  Gestures
•  Para linguistics
 PARA- LINGUISTICS

Para -linguistic element Meaning

Volume Level of voice (loud or soft)

Emotions behind the speech (anger, sarcasm,
Tone
indifference)

Speed of voice/Speech flow/Fluency The pace of your speech

Intonation/Modulation Rise and fall in your voice (avoid monotony)
Articulation Clarity in voice
Pronunciation The way a word is pronounced correctly

Punctuation Use of pauses as a speech element or style.

 VERBAL OR FACE TO FACE
COMMUNIC ATION

•  More effective with immediate

feedback
•  C o m e s a s p u b l i c a dd re s s ,
discussions, meetings,
conferences, lecturers
•  I n v o l v e s t r a n s m i s s i o n o f
information from speaker to
listener
 VERBAL COMMUNIC ATION

•  Intrapersonal:
•  Interpersonal:
•  Small Group Communication
•  Public Communication
BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE VERBAL
COMMUNICATION

COMMUNICATION SITUATIONS HAVE BARRIERS

(ALSO CALLED AS NOISE OR INTERFERENCE).
BARRIERS TO VERBAL COMMUNIC ATION
 STRATEGIES FOR EFFECTIVE VERBAL
COMMUNIC ATION

•  Focus on communicative issues,

not sender/receiver
•  BE genuine
•  BE empathetic
•  BE flexible towards others
•  Value yourself and your own
experiences
ANY QUESTIONS?