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QUALITY and HOLISTIC EDUCATION

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2016

Learning Kit
in
Oral Communication

First Quarter, Week 3

Name:
____________________________________
Year and Section:
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Contact Number:
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Topic: Communication
Sub-topic: Various models of Communication
Learning Objectives:
In this lesson you are expected to:
• identify the three standard communication models;
• differentiate the various models of communication;

LESSON • Models of
3 Communication
Models of Communication

Communication models are systematic

representations of the process which helps in
understanding how communication works can be done.
Communication models describe the process of
communication, visually show the relationship among
variables and help find and correct communication
problems. Models of communication refer to the
conceptual model used to explain the human communication process metaphorically
and in symbols.
A communication model is chiefly a process in which information is enclosed in
form of a package and is channeled then imparted by the sender to the receiver
through a medium. When the receiver gets the information he or she decodes the
message and gives the sender a certain feedback.
There are many models of communication developed by noted theorists of
different disciplines.

What are the three standard models of communication?

1. Linear Model of Communication (Transmission Model)

The Shannon-Weaver model (1949) of Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver,
also known as the transmission model and the mother of all communication models is
one best example of a one-way or linear process of communication consisting of five
elements (see diagram below) which have been criticized for missing one element in
the communication process, feedback.

Source: https://www.communicationtheory.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/shannon_weaver_model.jpg

This model describes how a sender, or speaker, transmits a message to a

receiver, or listener. More specifically, the sender is the source of the message. A
message may consist of the sounds, words, or behaviors in a communication
interaction. The message itself is transmitted through a channel, the pathway or route
for communication, to a receiver, who is the target or recipient of the message. There
may be obstacles in the communication process, or noise. Noise refers to any
interference in the channel or distortion of the message.

Example of the elements of the Shannon-Weaver Model

Elements Example:

Sender You
Receiver Your sister
Channel Your mobile network

Encoder Your mobile’s network company.

Decoder The receiver’s Smartphone

Your sister receives only parts of the

Noise SMS message you tried to send due to
Source: https://www.vecteezy.com/vector-
disruption of mobile signal art/518121

Feedback None
2. Transactional Communication Model
The Transactional Model of Communication illustrates how the sender and
receiver take turns in conveying and receiving messages and are called a
“communicators.”
The sender and receiver’s roles are reversed each time sending and receiving
messages occur at the same time. Since both sender and receiver are necessary to
keep the communication alive in Transactional Model, the communicators are also
interdependent to each other. Thus, if the receiver is not listening to the sender,
Transactional Communication is not possible.
Each person in the communication act is both a speaker and a listener, and can
be simultaneously sending and receiving messages.
The model implies:
• “Transactional” means that communication is an ongoing and continuously
changing process;
• In any transactional process, each element exists in relation to all the other
elements. There is this interdependence where there can be no source without
a receiver and no message without a source;
• Each person in the communication process reacts depending on factors such
as their background, prior experiences, attitudes, cultural beliefs and self-
esteem.

Source: http://2.bp.communication.edu/-e-ywH8WzxL8/T2Gr2_-vmeI/AAAAAAAAAEs/LyiN2h5W6JY/s1600/model2.jpg

Examples of the transactional model include a face-to-face meeting, a

telephone call, a Skype call, a chat session, interactive training, or a meeting in which
all attendees participate by sharing ideas and comments.
Example: Group discussion

Source: https://leverageedu.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/How-to-Prepare-for-Group-Discussion.png
3. Interactive Communication Model
Interactive model or convergence model is similar to transactional model as
they are both two way communication model. But, interactive model is mostly used for
new media like internet. Here, people can respond to any mass communications like
videos, news, etc. People can exchange their views and ideas.
Wilbur Schramm introduced the interactive communication model where he
emphasized the need for the source to encode the message as well as for the receiver
to decode the message. These messages will always be affected by the “field of
experience” from various factors namely; social, cultural, psychological, situational
experiences or gained knowledge.
In this model, Schramm has stressed the importance of feedback and noise
which are considered essential elements of communication process. The feedback
refers to the response that a receiver makes to a source's communication. This model
also indicates that the speaker and listener communicate better if they have common
fields of experience.

Source: https://businesstopia.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/model-of-communication.png

Example: A teacher and learners will interact more if the content taught is based upon
the experience of the learners and also if the teacher is friendly and has a good
relationship with the learners, there will be more interactions.

Source: https://image.shutterstock.com/image-vector/illustration-senior-man-teacher-carrying-600w-1501037582.jpg
 ACTIVITY TIME!
Activity 1: Write A if you agree to the statement and D if you disagree. Write your
answer in CAPITAL LETTERS in the column provided.
Agree /
Statements
Disagree
1. In the Shannon - Weaver Model of Communication, the
receiver can only receive the message.
2. If the role of the receiver in this model is to only receive the
message, then it means that there is no way the sender will know
whether the sent message was understood or not.
3. The linear model is a one-way direction of communication
which promotes advice and influence rather than mutual
understanding between receiver and sender.
4. Feedback from the receiver happens in the Shannon -
Weaver Model.
5. In a linear model, the element of feedback is present

Activity 2: Using Venn diagram, Compare and contrast the following models of
communication afterwards, discuss in your diagram the most striking
characteristics/differences between the two models. Write your answers on the space
provided.

Transactional Model Interactive Model

Differences Differences

Similarities
 POINTS TO REMEMBER!
• Communication models describe the process of communication, show the
relationship among variables, and help find and correct communication
problems.
• There are three standard models of communication namely: Linear,
Transaction and Interactive models.
✓ The linear model is a one way process of communication that is
unidirectional, uses simple communication act, emphasis persuasion rather
than mutual understanding and values psychological over social effects;
✓ In Transactional Model, the sender and receiver take turns in
exchanging information and are called communicators.
✓ Man’s field of experience affect the communication process according
to Wilbur Schramm because the commonality of experience taking place
between sender and receiver allows them to interact.

References
Fernandez, A. O., & Suarez, E. L. (2016). Speak and Listen in Context: An Oral
Communication Textbook. Quezon City: The Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
Gasulas, A. M., Lusica, , F. S., & de los Santos, V. S. (2010). Integrated English for
Effective Communication: Oral Communication in Context. Quezon City: The
Phoenix Publishing House.
Sipacio, P. F., & Balgos, A. G. (2016). Oral Communication in Context for Senior
High School. Quezon City: C & E Publishing, Inc.

Prepared by:
Allan C. Abad
Teacher
Date: September 3, 2021

Checked by:
Noel V. Mendoza
Assistant Principal