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Electricity Generation with Conventional and Non-Conventional Energy

Technologies in Dudhali Village

Conference Paper · October 2016

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Electricity Generation with Conventional and
Non-Conventional Energy Technologies in
Dudhali Village
Shweta Goyal*1, Sachin Mishra2, Anamika Bhatia3
1
Department of electrical engineering Graphic Era University, Dehradun - 248002, Uttarakhand (INDIA), e-mail:

shwetugoyal@gmail.com (9410777617)
2
Associate Professor, School of Electronics & Electrical, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara
3
Department of electrical engineering Graphic Era University, Dehradun - 248002, Uttarakhand (INDIA)

Abstract-Energy deficiency is very important factors for
the work of all the people in the world. Rural
Electrification can improve the standard of a country.
According to MNRE that about 123 numbers of villages
are still unelectrified in Uttrakhand state because of
unavailability of transmission of
Electrification of these villages can be done by using
renewable sources in off grid mode. This paper presents
dream. The total electricity generating capacity of
India on January 1, 2016 is 288,005 MW with 60.8%
share from coal, 8.5% from gas, 3% from diesel 2%
from nuclear and remaining 28% from renewable
sources. Major portion of renewable generation is
electricity.
used by wind power and least portion used for
generation by the biomass power. The renewable

a new model and optimization procedure of off grid
hybrid system using HOMER software. This paper
suggest the best Hybrid system for
production with the help of conventional and non-
Conventional resources to assure the electrical needs of
distant village, DUDHALI in the state of Uttarakhand,
India. The paper estimates the housing, commercial,
farming loads and small-scale business demand in this
analysis. Using HOMER, the paper identify the best off-
grid alternative. This paper also presents analysis and
energy installed capacity in India is growing steadily.
About 29% of Indian households do not have access
electricity to electricity. According to Out of the 597464
villages in India, about 24878 are yet to be electrified
today the need for electricity has become a
requirement because of easy access to mobile phones,
computers and televisions, all-India average energy
shortage is 8%, whereas peaking shortage is 12.2%.
non conventional energy can make a important

discusses issues that are affecting the realization of the
optimal solution.
Keywords—System modeling, Village load assessment,
Resource estimation, Components estimation, Economic
inputs
I. INTRODUCTION
Today estimated that approx one third of the
word population has no access to electricity [1]. The
accessibility of electricity in rural area is still a
contribution in electricity generation. The Uttrakhand
state is presented in northern region in India, Nepal
presented in east and China presented in the north
while Himachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh is
presented in west & south respectively. The partition
of Uttarakhand is shown in Fig. 1. Per capita energy
consumption of Uttrakhand is 1010 kilowatt-hour
(kWh) for the year 2014-15 due to uneconomical grid
extension in hilly area many remote household are
still not electrified in Uttarakhand. As per the census
December 12,2015,out of 15761 villages 2630
1
numbers of villages are unelectrified [2].most of the
unelectrified villages have very renewable sources
like solar, biomass, wind, hydro etc. these renewable
sources can be utilize in cooking, lighting, heating
etc. Rural electrification improves the living standard
of any country.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Presented literature reviews provide proof of
information gap to justify the need for this work.
Sen et al [3] proposed the best hybrid arrangement
for power production from a mixture of non-
conventional assets to suit the electrical desires in a
trustworthy method of standalone remote village
name PALARI in Chhattisgarh state.
estimated the residential, institutional, commercial,
agricultural load in PRE HOMER examination than
identified the optimal off-grid option compared with
grid extension in POST HOMER examination and
discussed the issues that are likely to affect the
realization of the best result.
Fig.1. Map of Uttarakhand
Tsuanyo et al [4] presented a new model and
optimization procedure for off-grid
solar/diesel system without battery storage. Authors
used variability of both the solar irrigation and the
electrical loads for system. Two cases had been
investigated in this proposed system: identical diesel
generators and diesel generators with different sizes
both cases were compared by conventional diesel
generators system.
Zoulias et al [5] gave the case study of Europe where
a large number of standalone power system used
which based on fossil fuel or non conventional
Energy. Authors proposed that the substitution of non
renewable technology like diesel generators/battery
with hydrogen technologies was simulated and
optimized. They showed with the aim of the
substitution of fossil fuel based densest with
hydrogen technologies was theoretically viable but
not carefully viable, unless significant fall in the cost
Author
of hydrogen technologies are made in the prospect
Hafez et al [6] focused best design, sizing
development, and working of hybrid non
conventional energy based on micro grid to minimize
the lifecycle cost with the account of environmental
emission. Authors used four different cases only
diesel, only non conventional based, a hybrid of
diesel-renewable, and a grid-connected externally, to
compare their financial side, working presentation
and ecological production, by using HOMER
software.
Ghasemi et al [7] gave an analysis of PV-diesel-
battery system for remote area electrification in an
eastern division of Iran by using HOMER software.
Author presented a comprehensive proportional
analysis among possible arrangement of a system
which best suited to meet the remote Iranian
hybrid community.
Busaidi et al [8] gave a review the different hybrid
PV-wind renewable energy system used for electrical
generation system in Oman. Different criteria of
sizing the different system component of HRES at
the most preferable logistical environmental and
economical considerations have been discussed. Also
paper discussed some optimization techniques
(Graphic Construction, Probabilistic, Iterative, and
Artificial Intelligent) to compare the energy
production and cost.

III. METHODOLOGY
This paper analyzes the techno-economic Fig 3: Hybrid system model HOMER software
3a System modeling
possibility of individual hybrid system by using
Dudhali village is selected for this study, located at
HOMER software. HOMER software stand for
30.232110N, 78.014992S in Uttrakhand state. Table
hybrid optimization model for electric renewable was
1gives the details of village. The adjacent town is
developed by NREL (National Renewable Energy
Mussoorie, which is about 16-19 km away. Dudhali
Laboratory, USA).It is optimization software which
located nearly cloud end area in Mussoorie. The
used to make a decision of system design for
village has hilly area and does not have transportation
decentralized system. HOMER software design
facility.
micro-power system by undertaking HOMER
Table 1: Details of the remote area.
analyses. Fig. 2 shows HOMER phase.
Data Particulars

Name of village Dudhali

Region Dehradun
State Uttrakhand

Nation India

Latitude 30.232110N

Longitude 78.014992S
Fig. 2. Pre HOMER analysis
Grid electricity Yes(not proper)
In this the data was collected from the site. Then data
is used for the calculation of design parameters for a Total number of house holds 15
hybrid system. Then this is followed by the techno- Education facilities yes
economic study. By the analysis of data very large Medical facilities yes
number of arrangement with dissimilar constraint Post office no
were developed. Fig. 3 shows the hybrid system
model designed.
3a.1Village load assessment-

The demand of electricity is not very high in this

village. Electricity demand is for domestic purpose,
agricultural activities; community activities etc. table
2 shows the load assessment of the village. The
3a.2 Resource estimation
We have considered solar, wind, diesel generator in
this model. The source evaluation is presented below-
Dudhali village is located at 78.014992S and
30.232110N .The solar reading are taken from NASA
surface metrology and solar website. Solar radiant and
clearness index was scales to be 5.8kWh/m2/Day &
0.614 annually respectively .The radiation of solar is
existing yearly; therefore a great quantity of solar
power production can be obtain.
Fig 4: Annual Solar Radiations and Clearness Index
The monthly wind source data was taken from the
NASA source website. Average wind speed is 3.7 m/s
annually and the height of the anemometer is 25 m. It
shows that the peak wind speed occurs at 10 h. The
difference of wind speed over a day is 0.5 shown in
fig 5
. small power is 1156 Ah (6.94 kWh). It has a lifetime
Fig 5: Annual wind seed
demand has been estimated separately for two
seasons namely summer and winter.
3a.3 Components estimation
In a power system, a element generate, deliver,
convert and stores energy. In this HOMER analysis,
Photovoltaic cell, wind turbines are used as the
asymmetrical resources and the diesel generator is
reserved for support. Batteries are for storing and
Converter for converting the electricity. The
efficiency and cost of each component is a main
factor for the cost results and the design. due to better
solar insulations The power generated by solar cell is
more than wind turbines at this location. The capital
cost is $20050000 and replacement cost is $500000 is
taken for a 100000 mw Photovoltaic cell. Very small
Maintenance is required for photovoltaic cell; only
$11/year is taken for O&M costs for 20 years of
lifetime . The de-rating factor is 80% .
A Generic 10 kW horizontal-axes wind
turbine is used. The electricity generation by the
turbine depends on the ease of access and variation in
the wind speed. We are getting 77,559 kW of DC
output from selected turbine. The cost of one unit is
taken as $400000, while the replacement costs are
$32, 0000 and the maintenance cost are $200/year.
The hub height of wind turbine is 25 m and a lifetime
of the wind turbine 25 years.
Batteries and Diesel generator used for back up
purpose. Cost, replacement and the maintenance cost
of 10000 KW Diesel generators are considered to be
$400000, $320000 & $200/year respectively.
Batteries are used to keep a stable voltage during
maximum load or a deficit in production power. A 6
V Surrette 6CS25P battery chosen for this study with
throughput of 9,645 kWh. The capital cost,
replacement cost and O&M costs for one unit of
battery is taken to be $1000, is $800 and $50/year system. while wind turbine is not useful for given
respectively . A 1 kW converter is used to convert location.
DC to AC, The capital cost, replacement cost and
O&M costs of the systems were considered as $700,
$550, and $100/ year respectively [16]. The lifetime
of the converter is 15 years, inverter efficiency of
90% and rectifier efficiency of 85%.Estimated load
profile of dudhali village shown in fig 6

Fig 7: Optimization Result of Base System

Fig 6: Load Profile

3.b.1. Economic inputs

Total 25 years is considered for this project life and
the discount rate is 10% annually. The fixed capital
cost of the system is well thought-out to be $10,000
for the whole project and the total O&M cost if this
project is estimated to be $500/year for the project
lifetime. Fixed capital costs include various civil
constructions; logistics service salary, required
license, management and administration approvals
Fig 8: Electrical energy production by different components
and other various costs.
REFERENCES
IV. RESULT
1. Ghasemi et al “Techno-economic analysis of stand-
Fig 7 shows the best optimize output for given area.
alone hybrid photovoltaic-diesel-battery system for
Where levelized cost of energy is $.728kwh and
rural electrification in eastern part of Iran-A step
operating cost is $22022.654.electrical energy towards rural development ” Elsevier on “Renewable
production by PV array is 8,511,593.472Kwh per and sustainable energy reviews”
2. Chauhan et al[2] “Renewable energy based off grid
year, by wind turbine 6,463kwh per year, by
rural electrification in uttarakhand state of Indi:
generator is 58,392.888kwh per year shown in Fig
Technology, options, modeling method, barriers and
8.the result shows that we can produce the energy recommendations ” Elsevier on “Renewable and
from solar cell and generator can be used for backup sustainable energy reviews”
3. Rohit sen,subhes C.Bhattacharyya “off grid electricity
generation with renewable energy technologies in
 INDIA:An application of HOMER” Elsevier on
“Renewable Energy” Volume 62, February 2014, Pages
388–398
4. David Tsuanyo, Yao Azoumah, Didier Assuel, Pierre
Neveu “Modeling and optimization of batteryless
Hybrid PV(photovoltaic)/diesel system for off-grid
applications” Elsevier on “Energy” Volume 86, 15 June
2015, Pages 152–163
5. E.I. Zoulias, N. Lymberopoulos “Techno-economic
analysis of the integration of hydrogen energy
technologies in renewable energy-based stand alone
power system” Elsevier on “Renewable Energy”
Volume 32, Issue 4, April 2007, Pages 680–696
6. Omar Hafez,Kankar Bhattacharya “optimal planning
and design of renewable energy based supply system
Table 2: Estimated electricity demand for Dudhali village
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for microgrids” Elsevier on “Renewable Energy”
Volume 45, September 2012, Pages 7–15
7. Ghasemi et al “techno-economic analysis of stand-alone
hybrid photovoltaic-diesel-battery system for rural
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2013, Pages 456–462
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on “Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews”
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