Explain how Explain how this option Explain how this Explain how this

someone with the views the use of military option views option views
option 1 force and the targeted increased
viewpoint would Authorization for the assassinations? surveillance of U.S.
describe the Use of Military Force of citizens?
threat of 2001 to address
terrorism today. terrorism?

Option 1: Explanation- Explanation- Explanation- Explanation-

Take Whatever
Steps Are
Necessary to Stop
Terrorism
 Option 1: Take Whatever Steps Necessary to Stop Terrorism

The terrible violence of terrorism continues to threaten the people of the United
States. The United States cannot tolerate acts of terrorism and those who
perpetrate them at home or abroad. To protect U.S. security at home and U.S.
interests abroad, the United States must be willing to use whatever means are
necessary. Overseas, we must be willing to use military force, drone attacks,
targeted killings, surveillance, and torture to stop or prevent terrorist plots. The
United States has no choice but to take on the job of destroying terrorism wherever
it exists. At home, we must increase our surveillance of extremist groups, limit
their access to dangerous weapons, and increase funding of law enforcement. We
must restrict immigration and visitors from countries that we think might
contain terrorists.

It is the U.S. government’s duty to protect the U.S. public and make the world
safe from terrorists. The war on terrorism is a worldwide struggle, and the
United States must continue a worldwide offensive against it until all who
threaten peace and security are defeated. We must be even willing to form
alliances with governments that violate the rights of their citizens or are
undemocratic. The United States must be prepared to confront terrorism—doing
whatever it takes and acting alone if necessary—wherever and whenever it
threatens.

Terrorism: Is someone who causes mass destruction of human resources (homes, buildings, food sources) using
a violent act intentionally making people scared by using a threat.

Perpetrate: Carry out or commit a harmful, illegal or immoral action

Surveillance: Close observation, especially watching a suspected criminal

 Option 1: is based on the following beliefs:

 Terrorism is a serious security threat to the United States. The United

States is justified in using any means necessary against terrorists or
terrorist groups at home and abroad.
 The United States military is the most effective way to combat terrorism
overseas.
 A country’s first responsibility is to defend its citizens from harm. Taking
whatever steps are necessary to protect them is the right thing to do.
 Intelligence gathering through widespread electronic surveillance of the
internet, computers, and cell phones, including of U.S. citizens, is an
essential component of preserving our security.
  Increased surveillance of digital communication is necessary and will not
violate or diminish the rights or privacy of law-abiding citizens.

Justified: Something justified means there is evidence or reasoning behind doing something.

Essential: Absolutely necessary, extremely important

Privacy rights: Citizens rights to not have their personal information shared to the public
 Option 1: Policies (Laws)
 The United States must maintain its active military presence around the
world and be prepared to use everything from invasions to drone strikes
against terrorist groups.
 The Authorization for the Use of Military Force Act of 2001 gives the
president the power he needs to fight terrorism for as long as it takes to
defeat it.
 The United States should keep open its prison camp at Guantánamo Bay,
Cuba and prosecute international terrorists in secret tribunals there.
 The president of the United States should have the right to order the use
of whatever measures are necessary against terrorism, including
emergency surveillance of U.S. citizens, confiscation of weapons from
extremist groups inside the United States, and torture of terrorism
suspects in emergency situations.
 The United States should limit immigration and refugees in order to
prevent terrorism.
 The U.S. government should increase its surveillance of extremist groups
in the United States. U.S. citizens must accept that widespread digital
surveillance is necessary for their security.
 The United States should increase funding for military operations and
the Department of Homeland Security.

Authorization: Giving someone permission to do or have something.

Confiscation: The action of taking or seizing someone’s things.

Funding: The action or practice of providing money for a particular reason.

 Option 1: Arguments for
 The only way to stop or prevent imminent threats to U.S. security is by
using whatever methods are necessary against terrorists wherever they
may be in the world.
 U.S. military force drove al Qaeda out of Afghanistan, drove ISIS into
hiding, and reduced the threat of terrorism to the United States.
 U.S. intelligence operations and the drone program have killed
thousands of terrorists since September 11 and foiled numerous
terrorist plots.
 Keeping terrorist suspects at Guantánamo Bay prison denies them a
platform for hateful ideas in U.S. courts and keeps people in the United
States safe.

Imminent: Going to happen.

Al-Qaeda: Islamist organization founded by Osama bin Laden in the 1980’s with the goal to eliminate any Western
Presence In the Middle East.

ISIS: Islamic State in Iraq and Syria whose goal is to restore an Islamic State back in the Middle East countries.

Foiled: To destroy or cancel something.

Guantanamo Bay Prison: A United States military prison originally created as an “island outside the law” where
terrorism suspects could be put in prison.

Explain how Explain how this option Explain how this Explain how this
someone with views the use of option views option views
the option 2 military force and the targeted increased
viewpoint would Authorization for the assassinations? surveillance of
describe the Use of Military Force U.S. citizens?
 threat of of 2001 to address
terrorism today. terrorism?

Option 2: Treat Explanation- Explanation- Explanation- Explanation-

Terrorism as a
Crime
 Option 2: Treat Terrorism as a Crime

The threat from terrorism continues for the United States and remains a global
problem. But the threat in the United States has shifted from overseas terrorists to
domestic terrorists. When al Qaeda attacked on September 11, 2001, countries
around the world united and recognized that this was more than an attack on the
United States—it was a terrible crime. The U.S. government saw September 11 as
an act of war, rather than a crime. We have learned a great deal over the past
twenty years; it’s time to shift our approach to confronting terrorism with legal
means.

In the name of the “war on terror,” the United States ignored the international
community when it invaded Iraq and disregarded international law and U.S. law
when it engaged in targeted assassinations and tortured prisoners at Guantánamo
Bay and elsewhere. These were mistakes. We must close Guantánamo Bay prison
and prosecute detainees in U.S. courts, where the public can see the justice
system at work. The United States must work with other nations to prosecute
terrorists in international courts. We must preserve the rights of people in the
United States that are protected by the U.S. Constitution. The United States should
stop working with countries that use torture or violate the civil rights of their
citizens in the name of rooting out terrorism. We can reduce our military
operations overseas, reduce our military spending, and end the loss of lives of
American soldiers and people overseas. Limiting immigration or profiling ethnic,
racial, or religious groups violates the Constitution and will not stop the terrorism
threats faced by the United States today. The long-term effort to wipe out terrorism
requires, above all, following the rule of law.

Shift: The threat has changed locations.

Disregard: Pay no attention to or ignore.

International: Occurring between two or more nations.

Prosecute: Charging someone with a crime in a court of law.

Detainees: A person held in custody, especially for political reasons.

Profiling: Using personal characteristics or behavior patterns to make assumptions about a person.
 OPTION 2 IS BASED ON THE FOLLOWING BELIEFS
 Law is a powerful and effective tool against terrorism. Adhering to laws is
essential to creating safe and secure societies. Ignoring international law
and the U.S. Constitution in the pursuit of terrorists violates the most basic
rights of people in the United States. It also threatens the future of U.S.
democracy. Following the law is the right thing to do.
 The costs of a military “war on terror” are not sustainable. Using the legal
system and law enforcement against terrorism is far more efficient and
effective.
 The “war on terror” has given U.S. presidents the power to send U.S.
soldiers wherever they want to fight terrorism. This has eroded the
constitutional limits on presidential power that Congress should reclaim to
ensure public debate and democratic oversight.
 Using drone strikes, torture, and illegal targeted assassinations to fight
terrorism are counterproductive and violate international law. These
actions can be used by terrorist groups and repressive governments as
propaganda against the United States.

Sustainable: Able to be maintained at a certain rate or level.

Efficient: Dong something at high productivity, not wasting time.

Eroded: Made less than, going away.

Reclaim: Something previously lost but now you retrieve or recover it.

Violate: Break or go against the rules/laws in place.

Repressive: Holding/restraining someone’s freedom back and not allowing then to live freely in their government.

Propaganda: This is information that is misleading and used to promote a certain political cause.
 OPTION 2: POLICIES

WHAT POLICIES SHOULD THE UNITED STATES PURSUE?

 The United States should reduce its military presence around the world and
repeal the open-ended Authorization for the Use of Military Force Act of
2001 that allows the president to use military force anywhere in the world
to fight terrorism.
 The United States should not conduct any digital surveillance or undertake
any action in the name of counterterrorism that violates the constitutional
rights of U.S. citizens.
 The United States should close its prison camp at Guantánamo Bay, end the
indefinite detention of prisoners, and end secret military tribunals for
those accused of terrorism. Terrorism suspects should be prosecuted in
U.S. courts in public trials.
 The United States should end its drone program and targeted assassination
of suspected terrorists.
  The United States should sharply reduce spending on overseas military
operations and divert some of this money to domestic law enforcement
operations against extremists.

Authorization: Giving someone permission to do or have something.

Indefinite: Lasting forever.

Detention: Being in custody as a prisoner in Jail/Prison.

Tribunal: It is court of justice where they can determine if someone is innocent or guilty.

Suspected: Someone that is thought of likely doing a crime.

Divert: To change the destination or course of something.

 Option 2: ARGUMENTS FOR

 A truly international response to terrorism—one that reflects the interests

and needs of all countries and denies hiding places to terrorists everywhere
—requires respect for international law and the laws of all nations.
 The principle of “checks and balances” on branches of government is a core
principle of the U.S. Constitution. Agencies wishing to conduct surveillance
on U.S. citizens must subject themselves to the constitutional checks on
their power.
 The long and expensive wars in Afghanistan and Iraq have worsened
violence in those countries and led to the deaths of tens of thousands of
civilians. Killing civilians to defeat terrorism could be seen as morally
equivalent to terrorists killing civilians.
 When the United States initiated the war with Iraq without UN approval
and ignored international law by conducting targeted assassinations and
torturing prisoners, it severely strained relations with long-term allies. The
United States cannot afford to isolate itself again from the international
community.
 Terrorism from domestic extremists is now the greatest terrorist threat
facing the United States. Using the legal system and law enforcement is the
only method available to confront this threat.

Denies: Not allowing or refusing to give or grant.

Conduct: To do something or act upon.

Subject: Bring under ones control.

Morally: Reference to the principals of right and wrong behavior.

Equivalent: Equal in value and amount.

Explain how Explain how this Explain how this Explain how this
U.N. (United Nations): International government organization aiming to maintain international peace.
someone with option views the use of option views option views
the option 3not as strong
Strained: To make a relationship military force and the
or weaken. targeted increased
viewpoint Authorization for the assassinations? surveillance of
Isolate: To be alone/independent.
 would describe Use of Military Force U.S. citizens?
the threat of of 2001 to address
terrorism today. terrorism?

Option 3: Explanation- Explanation- Explanation- Explanation-

Address the
Root Causes of
Terrorism
 Option 3: Address the Root Causes of Terrorism

The threat of terrorism continues, but it can be contained and diminished with a long-
term commitment to reduce its underlying causes. The United States will not solve the
problem of terrorism simply by punishing terrorists or going to war. To focus only on
those who perpetrate terrorist acts is to ignore the causes of terrorism.

Overseas military action only perpetuates a cycle of violence, dragging the United States
into a never-ending conflict. If the United States is going to end the cycle of violence, it
must accept that long-standing U.S. policies have contributed to the rise of violent
extremism at home and abroad. At the top of the list is U.S. support and aid to
undemocratic leaders who have oppressed their peoples, often brutally. This must end.
The United States should welcome refugees fleeing from oppression in these countries.
The use of torture was ineffective and morally wrong and harmed the United States’
standing in the world.

Even more difficult will be acknowledging and then addressing the causes of white
extremism and terrorism in the United States, including the long-standing hatred of
certain racial, religious, and ethnic groups. Economic inequality and heated political
divisions that play out on social media all add fuel to the fire. The United States cannot
fight or arrest its way out of the problem of terrorism. It must devote resources to policies
and programs that address its underlying causes and promote restorative justice.

Perpetrate: To keep going or keep doing.

Oppression: Cruel exercise of authority or power.

OPTION
White Extremists:3The
ISbelief
BASED ON
that white THE
people FOLLOWING
are superior BELIEFS
or the best race and should therefore dominate
society.

Devote: To give all or a large part of ones time or resources.

Restorative Justice: A system of criminal justice which focuses on the rehabilitation of offenders through
reconciliation with victims and the community at large.
OPTION 3 is based on the fallowing beliefs:

 Acknowledging and addressing the underlying causes of terrorism,

especially those that fuel hatred, will reduce the threat of terrorism at home
and abroad.
 A militarized U.S. foreign policy that includes drone strikes and targeted
killings creates hatred and resentment of the United States. Failing to
address the causes of hatred and resentment mean that terrorism will
continue forever.
 The costs of the “war on terror” are not sustainable and cannot be allowed
to go on forever.
 Policies that address injustice and that avoid violence and killing people are
the right things to do.
 Immigrants and refugees are no more of a terrorist threat to the United
States than are its own citizens.

Resentment: Having a strong or painful displeasure towards something.

Sustainable: Something able to be maintained at a certain rate or level.

Injustice: lacking fairness or justice.

Immigrant: A person who comes to live permanently in a foreign country.

Refugee: A person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or
natural disaster.
 Option 3: Policies WHAT POLICIES SHOULD WE PURSUE?

 The United States should end its military counterterrorism operations

overseas and revoke the Authorization for the Use of Military Force of 2001.
It should end its drone programs and targeted assassinations.
 The United States should commit resources at home to programs, laws, and
policies that address the nation’s long-standing historical issues of racial,
religious, and ethnic hatred and promote reconciliation.
 The United States should create new laws that end the protection of “hate
speech” by the First Amendment.
 The United States should close the detention camp at Guantánamo Bay,
Cuba and try the remaining detainees in U.S. courts.
 The United States should end its alliances with governments that do not
embrace human rights and democratic principles.
 The United States should invest in other countries to provide economic
stability and initiate programs of restorative justice for countries and people
affected by the U.S. war on terror, drone strikes, and counterterrorism
programs.
 The United States should welcome immigrants and refugees from all
countries who see the United States as a place of hope and economic
opportunity.

Policies: A set of guidelines or rules set by the government.

Hate speech: Any kind of communication in speech or writing that attacks or uses hateful language.

Embrace: An act of accepting or supporting something willingly.

Democratic Principals: This includes all eligible citizens being equal before the law and having equal opportunity to
legal equality and political freedom.

Economics: It is part of a countries economy that revolves around production, distribution, and consumption of
goods and services.
 Option 3: Arguments for

 If the United States does not address the underlying causes of terrorism—
including poverty, injustice, political powerlessness, hatred, and in some
cases, U.S. policy—it risks feeding hatred and rage and creating new
recruits to terrorist networks.
 This approach avoids using violence to end terrorism, because violence
creates more terrorists than it eliminates.
 The “war on terror” has led to the deaths of tens of thousands of people in
other countries; thousands of U.S. soldiers have died as well. The United
States has spent more than $6 trillion on this ongoing war. New policies that
reduce killing and violence are the right thing to do.
 Ending U.S. policies that contribute to the creation of militants and
terrorists, including U.S. support for authoritarian and tyrannical
governments, is a logical way to reduce the number of people who want to
harm the United States.
 By addressing the underlying causes of terrorism, the United States will be
able to avoid putting U.S. civil liberties at risk from repressive homeland
security measures.

Recruits: To bring in new people to an organization.

Networks: A group of system of interconnected people or things.

Tyrannical: Demonstrating power that is cruel.

Civil liberties: Citizens rights protected by law from unjust governmental or other interference.

Repressive: Not allowing or restraining the freedom of a person or group of people.

Homeland Security: The department of Homeland Security was formed after 9/11 to defend against terrorist attacks.